The document discusses the importance of investing in human capital development for economic growth. It outlines several key components of human capital development including providing basic health care and nutrition, early childhood education, primary and secondary education, higher education, job skills training, job opportunities, and social security benefits. Developing human capital requires long-term investments from both private and public sectors in people's health, knowledge, and skills.
Human capital formation adds to a country's productive power by developing its existing human resources through education and health. This is seen through higher incomes earned from increased productivity. The quality of a population, determined by factors like literacy rates and life expectancy, ultimately decides a country's growth rate. Illiterate and unhealthy populations are a liability, while literate and healthy people are an asset. Education provides new opportunities and skills that contribute to societal growth and increased national income. Improving population health has been a priority as it allows people to realize their potential and productivity.
CBSE based NCERT Economic Book
‘People as resource’ refers to a country’s working people in terms of their existing productive skills and abilities. When existing human resource is developed by becoming educated and healthy it turns into human capital.
Educaterer India is an unique combination of passion driven into a hobby which makes an awesome profession. We carve the lives of enthusiastic candidates to a perfect professional who can impress upon the mindsets of the industry, while following the established traditions, can dare to set new standards to follow. We don't want you to be the part of the crowd, rather we like to make you the reason of the crowd.
Today's Effort For A Better Tomorrow
Human capital refers to the skills, knowledge, and health that enable people to be productive. Developing human capital through education and training is important for economic growth. While Pakistan has made some investments in education and seen gains in literacy and human development, it spends less than comparable countries on health and education. Improving human capital will require greater investment, better education quality, and addressing issues like population growth and unequal access to opportunities.
Rapid population growth in India has led to several problems including difficulty providing employment, overstraining infrastructure, pressure on land and resources, and inequitable income distribution. Some social issues contributing to overpopulation are early marriage, universal marriage, poverty, illiteracy, and preference for male children. Steps that can be taken to control population include increasing women's welfare and education, promoting contraceptive use, sex education, encouraging birth spacing, and empowering women. With increased public awareness and strict population control policies, India's economic prosperity and ability to control population growth can be improved.
This document discusses human capital investment and outlines a three pillar approach:
1. The Human Capital Index measures and tracks the productivity of future workers based on their expected health and education outcomes.
2. Improving measurement and research of human capital formation to better support investment decisions.
3. Engaging countries to develop national strategies to accelerate progress on human capital through early adopters.
Key areas of focus are improving survival rates, quality of education, adult health, and creating an aligned education system focused on learning outcomes.
1. The document discusses several indices used to measure human development and well-being, including the Human Development Index (HDI), Human Poverty Index (HPI), and Gender-Related Development Index (GDI).
2. The HDI provides a composite measure of health, education, and income, while the HPI focuses on deprivations in health, knowledge, and living standards.
3. The GDI is similar to the HDI but accounts for gender inequalities, measuring achievements separately for men and women to capture disparities and calculate a gender gap.
Human capital formation adds to a country's productive power by developing its existing human resources through education and health. This is seen through higher incomes earned from increased productivity. The quality of a population, determined by factors like literacy rates and life expectancy, ultimately decides a country's growth rate. Illiterate and unhealthy populations are a liability, while literate and healthy people are an asset. Education provides new opportunities and skills that contribute to societal growth and increased national income. Improving population health has been a priority as it allows people to realize their potential and productivity.
CBSE based NCERT Economic Book
‘People as resource’ refers to a country’s working people in terms of their existing productive skills and abilities. When existing human resource is developed by becoming educated and healthy it turns into human capital.
Educaterer India is an unique combination of passion driven into a hobby which makes an awesome profession. We carve the lives of enthusiastic candidates to a perfect professional who can impress upon the mindsets of the industry, while following the established traditions, can dare to set new standards to follow. We don't want you to be the part of the crowd, rather we like to make you the reason of the crowd.
Today's Effort For A Better Tomorrow
Human capital refers to the skills, knowledge, and health that enable people to be productive. Developing human capital through education and training is important for economic growth. While Pakistan has made some investments in education and seen gains in literacy and human development, it spends less than comparable countries on health and education. Improving human capital will require greater investment, better education quality, and addressing issues like population growth and unequal access to opportunities.
Rapid population growth in India has led to several problems including difficulty providing employment, overstraining infrastructure, pressure on land and resources, and inequitable income distribution. Some social issues contributing to overpopulation are early marriage, universal marriage, poverty, illiteracy, and preference for male children. Steps that can be taken to control population include increasing women's welfare and education, promoting contraceptive use, sex education, encouraging birth spacing, and empowering women. With increased public awareness and strict population control policies, India's economic prosperity and ability to control population growth can be improved.
This document discusses human capital investment and outlines a three pillar approach:
1. The Human Capital Index measures and tracks the productivity of future workers based on their expected health and education outcomes.
2. Improving measurement and research of human capital formation to better support investment decisions.
3. Engaging countries to develop national strategies to accelerate progress on human capital through early adopters.
Key areas of focus are improving survival rates, quality of education, adult health, and creating an aligned education system focused on learning outcomes.
1. The document discusses several indices used to measure human development and well-being, including the Human Development Index (HDI), Human Poverty Index (HPI), and Gender-Related Development Index (GDI).
2. The HDI provides a composite measure of health, education, and income, while the HPI focuses on deprivations in health, knowledge, and living standards.
3. The GDI is similar to the HDI but accounts for gender inequalities, measuring achievements separately for men and women to capture disparities and calculate a gender gap.
This includes complete notes needed for the chapter Development included in CBSE Class X Curriculum.
The notes are prepared by topper of CBSE who scored A1 in Social Science and a 10 CGPA.
The document discusses human capital formation and the role of education. It defines human capital as the skills, knowledge, and attributes that individuals possess that enable them to perform labor and create economic value. Human capital formation is the process by which individuals reach their highest potential through education, skills development, employment and personal growth. The document emphasizes that education plays a major role in human capital formation by helping individuals realize their potential and earn higher incomes, which benefits both individuals and society. It also discusses factors that lead to students dropping out of school and how dropouts negatively impact human capital formation and economic growth by reducing the availability of skilled labor and increasing poverty.
This document discusses socio-economic development and empowerment of disadvantaged groups in India. It begins by defining key concepts like socio-economic development, human development, and factors that impact development like income, education, health. It then discusses how solely focusing on economic indicators like GDP does not capture development in its full sense. The concept of human development is introduced, which places people at the center of development and focuses on expanding choices and well-being. The key tool for measuring human development, the Human Development Index (HDI), is also explained which combines health, education, and income indicators. The document concludes by showing India's state-wise HDI rankings.
This document discusses human development indicators and measurement. It provides information on key concepts like human development index (HDI), human poverty index, and gender development index. It describes the dimensions and indicators used to calculate HDI, including life expectancy, education, and gross domestic product per capita. Examples are given of top and bottom ranked countries based on HDI scores. Data on India's HDI ranking and performance on different indicators is also presented. Limitations of HDI as a measurement are outlined.
Slides from the presentation of Mr Mohammad Allam of Minto Circle, Aligarh on April 10, 2016 at the National Seminar on Growth with Justice at Lucknow. The video is available at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h0UvxJjwy7Q and the paper has been published in the compendium available at http://www.amazon.in/dp/1519227078
The document discusses different indicators used to measure and compare levels of development between countries. It outlines social indicators related to quality of life and economic indicators related to wealth. Examples of specific indicators provided include GNP per capita, literacy rates, infant mortality rates, and percentage of population employed in farming. The document also compares indicator data between the UK and Bangladesh to illustrate differences between more and less economically developed countries.
The document discusses human capital formation in India. It defines human capital formation as acquiring skills, education, and experience to increase economic and political development. Sources of human capital formation include expenditures on education, health, on-the-job training, migration, and information. While human capital growth in India has been fast, economic growth has not increased at the same rate due to challenges like high population growth, poverty, and low education quality. Further investments in education and health are needed to fully realize gains from India's demographic dividend.
Investment in human capital are central to development, delivering substantial economic benefits in the long term. However, the benefits of these investments often take time to materialize and their benefits to the society are not always visible, leading to underinvestment in human capital. The Human Capital Index quantifies the contribution of health and education to the productivity of the next generation of workers. Nigeria whose capital index (HCI) is 0.34, has been ranked 152 out of 157 countries in the first-ever Human Capital Index released by the World Bank Group which makes is one of the worse in the world.
M.Ed Advanced Sociology of education's Topic - Womens empowerment..fatima roshan
Education is a key means of empowering women and promoting gender equality. Empowerment involves gaining knowledge, skills, and self-confidence to make choices and control one's own life. Education improves women's economic opportunities and status in society. It also leads to lower fertility rates and population growth by increasing access to family planning. However, disparities in access to education still exist between social groups in many countries due to poverty, discrimination, and lack of political will. Ensuring universal access to education is crucial for empowering women and promoting human rights.
Human capital formation is the process of increasing the stock of human capital over time through investments in education, health, on-the-job training, and other factors. In India, major sources of human capital formation include expenditures on education, health, migration, and information. Education sector in India has grown significantly since independence, with increased access to primary, secondary, and higher education. However, challenges remain around literacy, vocational training, gender and rural disparities, and low government expenditures. Human capital formation is crucial for economic growth as it raises productivity, innovation, and standards of living.
Poverty in Pakistan is caused by a lack of basic necessities like food, shelter, and clothing for a growing population. Education plays a key role in both reducing absolute and relative poverty by shaping mindsets, strengthening the economy, reducing child labor and crime, and fighting gender discrimination. While the government is working to address this through education programs and budgets, more can be done to improve infrastructure and leverage non-governmental organizations.
The document discusses key differences between physical capital and human capital. It notes that human capital is intangible, inseparable from its owners, built through policy and expenditure, and creates both private and social benefits. In contrast, physical capital is tangible, separable from owners, can be built through imports, and creates private benefits. The document also compares approaches to human capital and human development, noting human development considers education and health as ends in themselves rather than just means to increase productivity.
Population explosion and family welfare programmeKamran Ansari
The document discusses population growth in India, reasons for the increase, and effects of overpopulation. It notes that India's population grew from 1.028 billion in 2001 to over 1.21 billion in 2011, with birth rates decreasing and life expectancy increasing. This population explosion strains resources and leads to issues like increased pollution, food and job shortages, and deforestation. The family welfare program was established in 1951 to promote family planning and overall family health through education and contraceptive access.
Poverty traps exist in developing countries where people lack the means to invest in improving their situation or escaping poverty. Foreign aid and government programs aim to help the poor, but some argue this can reduce incentives for self-improvement. Experiments show conditional cash transfers that provide money for health and education can help eradicate poverty long-term by investing in human capital. Improving institutions, education, and addressing corruption are also important for reducing poverty traps.
The document discusses measures for comparing levels of development across continents, including economic measures like GNI per capita and percentage employed in agriculture, as well as social measures like life expectancy, birth rate, death rate, infant mortality, undernourishment, health spending, and literacy. It asks the reader to rank the continents of LEDCs from most to least developed based on these measures in order to gain a clearer picture of the development gaps worldwide.
The document provides an overview of budget analysis from a child rights perspective, known as "Budget for Children" or "child-centered budget analysis". It discusses how budget analysis can be used as a tool to monitor government commitments to child rights and facilitate advocacy efforts. Specifically, it outlines Save the Children's work supporting budget analysis globally and in countries like Bangladesh, Pakistan, Philippines and Vietnam. The goal of the toolkit is to build the capacity of civil society organizations to understand government budget processes and conduct budget analysis to strengthen advocacy for children's rights and resource allocation.
The document discusses population education, including its definition, objectives, major areas, and role in addressing population issues in India. It defines population education as providing knowledge and understanding of population trends and developing rational attitudes towards population growth. The objectives are to increase awareness of population problems and promote small family norms. Major areas of focus include population growth rates, economic and social impacts, health, and family planning programs. Population education is taught through various subjects and teaching methods to help address India's population explosion and its consequences.
Report Based on the proceedings form the Colloquium on Children and Governance November 9-11, 2011 organised by HAQ: Centre for Child Rights in Partnership with UNICEF, India and CRY
On July 21-22, 2009, HAQ: Centre for Child Rights organised an International Colloquium on Children and Governance: Holding States Accountable. Participants from Ethiopia, South Africa, UK, Nepal, Sri Lanka and India shared their experiences of monitoring government’s performance in realising child rights and ensuring the participation of children in governance. (See Annexure 1 for key recommendations of the colloquium).
HAQ: Center for Child Rights
B1/2, Ground Floor,
Malviya Nagar
New Delhi - 110017
Tel: +91-26677412,26673599
Fax: +91-26674688
Website: www.haqcrc.org
FaceBook Page: https://www.facebook.com/HaqCentreForChildRights
Udisha is a non-profit organization that aims to strengthen social development through education and employment. It provides job training to unemployed youth, organizes environmental education programs, and works to prevent child abuse and empower women. Udisha recognizes education as a tool for employment and social development. It supports the goals of the Indian government while also collaborating with other NGOs internationally. Moving forward, Udisha seeks to open more skill development centers and continue its work preventing violence and uplifting vulnerable groups through education.
Malnutrition and human capital in the 4th revolutionVictor Onyeka
Human capital is critical in this fourth generation where technology is changing the nature of work and putting a premium on higher-order skills. The benefits of improving human capital are enormous. However, the menace of malnutrition is inimical both to the current and future generation’s workforce. Proper nutrition right from conception all through life is correlated to Human Capital Index and the progress of nations. Well-nourished citizens are healthier, happier and more productive.
Hence, the Government and members of the society must ensure that they collaborate to fight malnutrition which negatively impacts on the progress and development of any society.
Development economics (: Development Economics II)-2.pptxTesfayeBiruAsefa
Human capital refers to investments in people such as education and health that increase productivity. Education and health are important for development as they expand human capabilities and are inputs to economic growth. While literacy and life expectancy have increased globally, developing countries still face challenges in improving education and health access and distribution. Income alone is not sufficient to drive improvements in human capital, as families may spend additional funds on empty calories rather than nutrition. Coordinated strategies are needed to simultaneously increase incomes, education, and health.
This includes complete notes needed for the chapter Development included in CBSE Class X Curriculum.
The notes are prepared by topper of CBSE who scored A1 in Social Science and a 10 CGPA.
The document discusses human capital formation and the role of education. It defines human capital as the skills, knowledge, and attributes that individuals possess that enable them to perform labor and create economic value. Human capital formation is the process by which individuals reach their highest potential through education, skills development, employment and personal growth. The document emphasizes that education plays a major role in human capital formation by helping individuals realize their potential and earn higher incomes, which benefits both individuals and society. It also discusses factors that lead to students dropping out of school and how dropouts negatively impact human capital formation and economic growth by reducing the availability of skilled labor and increasing poverty.
This document discusses socio-economic development and empowerment of disadvantaged groups in India. It begins by defining key concepts like socio-economic development, human development, and factors that impact development like income, education, health. It then discusses how solely focusing on economic indicators like GDP does not capture development in its full sense. The concept of human development is introduced, which places people at the center of development and focuses on expanding choices and well-being. The key tool for measuring human development, the Human Development Index (HDI), is also explained which combines health, education, and income indicators. The document concludes by showing India's state-wise HDI rankings.
This document discusses human development indicators and measurement. It provides information on key concepts like human development index (HDI), human poverty index, and gender development index. It describes the dimensions and indicators used to calculate HDI, including life expectancy, education, and gross domestic product per capita. Examples are given of top and bottom ranked countries based on HDI scores. Data on India's HDI ranking and performance on different indicators is also presented. Limitations of HDI as a measurement are outlined.
Slides from the presentation of Mr Mohammad Allam of Minto Circle, Aligarh on April 10, 2016 at the National Seminar on Growth with Justice at Lucknow. The video is available at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h0UvxJjwy7Q and the paper has been published in the compendium available at http://www.amazon.in/dp/1519227078
The document discusses different indicators used to measure and compare levels of development between countries. It outlines social indicators related to quality of life and economic indicators related to wealth. Examples of specific indicators provided include GNP per capita, literacy rates, infant mortality rates, and percentage of population employed in farming. The document also compares indicator data between the UK and Bangladesh to illustrate differences between more and less economically developed countries.
The document discusses human capital formation in India. It defines human capital formation as acquiring skills, education, and experience to increase economic and political development. Sources of human capital formation include expenditures on education, health, on-the-job training, migration, and information. While human capital growth in India has been fast, economic growth has not increased at the same rate due to challenges like high population growth, poverty, and low education quality. Further investments in education and health are needed to fully realize gains from India's demographic dividend.
Investment in human capital are central to development, delivering substantial economic benefits in the long term. However, the benefits of these investments often take time to materialize and their benefits to the society are not always visible, leading to underinvestment in human capital. The Human Capital Index quantifies the contribution of health and education to the productivity of the next generation of workers. Nigeria whose capital index (HCI) is 0.34, has been ranked 152 out of 157 countries in the first-ever Human Capital Index released by the World Bank Group which makes is one of the worse in the world.
M.Ed Advanced Sociology of education's Topic - Womens empowerment..fatima roshan
Education is a key means of empowering women and promoting gender equality. Empowerment involves gaining knowledge, skills, and self-confidence to make choices and control one's own life. Education improves women's economic opportunities and status in society. It also leads to lower fertility rates and population growth by increasing access to family planning. However, disparities in access to education still exist between social groups in many countries due to poverty, discrimination, and lack of political will. Ensuring universal access to education is crucial for empowering women and promoting human rights.
Human capital formation is the process of increasing the stock of human capital over time through investments in education, health, on-the-job training, and other factors. In India, major sources of human capital formation include expenditures on education, health, migration, and information. Education sector in India has grown significantly since independence, with increased access to primary, secondary, and higher education. However, challenges remain around literacy, vocational training, gender and rural disparities, and low government expenditures. Human capital formation is crucial for economic growth as it raises productivity, innovation, and standards of living.
Poverty in Pakistan is caused by a lack of basic necessities like food, shelter, and clothing for a growing population. Education plays a key role in both reducing absolute and relative poverty by shaping mindsets, strengthening the economy, reducing child labor and crime, and fighting gender discrimination. While the government is working to address this through education programs and budgets, more can be done to improve infrastructure and leverage non-governmental organizations.
The document discusses key differences between physical capital and human capital. It notes that human capital is intangible, inseparable from its owners, built through policy and expenditure, and creates both private and social benefits. In contrast, physical capital is tangible, separable from owners, can be built through imports, and creates private benefits. The document also compares approaches to human capital and human development, noting human development considers education and health as ends in themselves rather than just means to increase productivity.
Population explosion and family welfare programmeKamran Ansari
The document discusses population growth in India, reasons for the increase, and effects of overpopulation. It notes that India's population grew from 1.028 billion in 2001 to over 1.21 billion in 2011, with birth rates decreasing and life expectancy increasing. This population explosion strains resources and leads to issues like increased pollution, food and job shortages, and deforestation. The family welfare program was established in 1951 to promote family planning and overall family health through education and contraceptive access.
Poverty traps exist in developing countries where people lack the means to invest in improving their situation or escaping poverty. Foreign aid and government programs aim to help the poor, but some argue this can reduce incentives for self-improvement. Experiments show conditional cash transfers that provide money for health and education can help eradicate poverty long-term by investing in human capital. Improving institutions, education, and addressing corruption are also important for reducing poverty traps.
The document discusses measures for comparing levels of development across continents, including economic measures like GNI per capita and percentage employed in agriculture, as well as social measures like life expectancy, birth rate, death rate, infant mortality, undernourishment, health spending, and literacy. It asks the reader to rank the continents of LEDCs from most to least developed based on these measures in order to gain a clearer picture of the development gaps worldwide.
The document provides an overview of budget analysis from a child rights perspective, known as "Budget for Children" or "child-centered budget analysis". It discusses how budget analysis can be used as a tool to monitor government commitments to child rights and facilitate advocacy efforts. Specifically, it outlines Save the Children's work supporting budget analysis globally and in countries like Bangladesh, Pakistan, Philippines and Vietnam. The goal of the toolkit is to build the capacity of civil society organizations to understand government budget processes and conduct budget analysis to strengthen advocacy for children's rights and resource allocation.
The document discusses population education, including its definition, objectives, major areas, and role in addressing population issues in India. It defines population education as providing knowledge and understanding of population trends and developing rational attitudes towards population growth. The objectives are to increase awareness of population problems and promote small family norms. Major areas of focus include population growth rates, economic and social impacts, health, and family planning programs. Population education is taught through various subjects and teaching methods to help address India's population explosion and its consequences.
Report Based on the proceedings form the Colloquium on Children and Governance November 9-11, 2011 organised by HAQ: Centre for Child Rights in Partnership with UNICEF, India and CRY
On July 21-22, 2009, HAQ: Centre for Child Rights organised an International Colloquium on Children and Governance: Holding States Accountable. Participants from Ethiopia, South Africa, UK, Nepal, Sri Lanka and India shared their experiences of monitoring government’s performance in realising child rights and ensuring the participation of children in governance. (See Annexure 1 for key recommendations of the colloquium).
HAQ: Center for Child Rights
B1/2, Ground Floor,
Malviya Nagar
New Delhi - 110017
Tel: +91-26677412,26673599
Fax: +91-26674688
Website: www.haqcrc.org
FaceBook Page: https://www.facebook.com/HaqCentreForChildRights
Udisha is a non-profit organization that aims to strengthen social development through education and employment. It provides job training to unemployed youth, organizes environmental education programs, and works to prevent child abuse and empower women. Udisha recognizes education as a tool for employment and social development. It supports the goals of the Indian government while also collaborating with other NGOs internationally. Moving forward, Udisha seeks to open more skill development centers and continue its work preventing violence and uplifting vulnerable groups through education.
Malnutrition and human capital in the 4th revolutionVictor Onyeka
Human capital is critical in this fourth generation where technology is changing the nature of work and putting a premium on higher-order skills. The benefits of improving human capital are enormous. However, the menace of malnutrition is inimical both to the current and future generation’s workforce. Proper nutrition right from conception all through life is correlated to Human Capital Index and the progress of nations. Well-nourished citizens are healthier, happier and more productive.
Hence, the Government and members of the society must ensure that they collaborate to fight malnutrition which negatively impacts on the progress and development of any society.
Development economics (: Development Economics II)-2.pptxTesfayeBiruAsefa
Human capital refers to investments in people such as education and health that increase productivity. Education and health are important for development as they expand human capabilities and are inputs to economic growth. While literacy and life expectancy have increased globally, developing countries still face challenges in improving education and health access and distribution. Income alone is not sufficient to drive improvements in human capital, as families may spend additional funds on empty calories rather than nutrition. Coordinated strategies are needed to simultaneously increase incomes, education, and health.
Importance of human capital in my community. final projectAyoIlesanmi1
This document discusses the importance of human capital investment in Nigeria. It notes that Nigeria has neglected investment in early childhood education, health, and skills development, which has negatively impacted economic development and social outcomes. The document argues that the government needs to prioritize and increase funding for public education, healthcare, and skills training starting from early childhood to improve Nigeria's human capital and development.
- Education improves productivity and prosperity, enriching both individual and societal development. It contributes to increased national income and cultural richness.
- An educated society facilitates better development programs than an illiterate one. Education increases income both by raising individual productivity and by promoting equal access to economic opportunities.
- Investing in education has positive feedback effects, including greater income equality and improved health, both of which support higher economic growth. Education is crucial for developing skills needed in modern economies and for effective technology adoption.
Human capital: Education and health in economic development egpShivani Baghel
A brief study on the economic development of health and education in India in the present scenario.
It talks about joint investment in both the sectors considering their rate of return, while dealing with questions like why increasing income is not sufficient? It also briefs about child labor and gender gap.
Human capital is important for a country's economy. Educated parents understand this and invest in their child's education, creating a virtuous cycle. Uneducated parents cannot invest as much, resulting in a vicious cycle of poverty. Literacy and health determine a population's quality and ability to contribute to GDP. While government has increased education spending and literacy, unemployment remains a problem, especially for educated urban youth and in rural areas where not all family workers are fully utilized. Unemployment drains individuals and society.
This document discusses human resource development in OIC countries. It finds that while OIC countries have made progress in expanding knowledge, improving health, and raising living standards, they still need to increase productivity and efficiency of human capital development. The key challenges facing OIC countries are relatively high infant mortality rates, low life expectancy, and limited access to education and healthcare for many citizens. Successful human resource development requires allocating resources effectively within and between sectors, both domestically and through supplemental foreign resources, in order to implement strategies that develop people's capabilities.
The document discusses several factors contributing to regional differences in educational attainment in India. It notes that states differ in language, culture, needs, climate and more. As a result, some regions lack educational facilities while others prioritize education more. For example, states like Bihar, Rajasthan and Uttar Pradesh have lower literacy rates while states like Kerala, Tamil Nadu and Uttaranchal have higher rates. Generally, regions with lower standards of living, fewer job opportunities and more subsistence level work value education less. Poverty also prevents families from sending children to school, as they rely on child labor. Gender disparities further contribute to regional differences in education across India.
1) Societies need human capital in the form of educated professionals like engineers, doctors, and teachers.
2) Investment in education and training is required to develop human capital from human resources.
3) Both private and social benefits are created through investment in human capital.
The document discusses how population can be viewed as a resource or asset rather than a liability when proper investments are made in education, healthcare, and skills training to develop the human capital of a country. It notes that investing in human capital formation through these means yields returns in the form of higher productivity and incomes, as well as indirect benefits to society. A large population can be turned from a liability into a productive asset through strategic human capital investments.
Human capital formation adds to a country's productive power by developing its existing human resources through education and health. This is seen through higher incomes earned from increased productivity. The quality of a population, determined by factors like literacy rates and life expectancy, ultimately decides a country's growth rate. Educated and healthy people are assets to an economy, while illiterate and unhealthy populations are liabilities. Improving population health and expanding access to healthcare has been a priority aim of national policy.
Economic growth is measured by the increase in goods and services produced over time within an economy. It requires expansion of the labor force, capital, trade, and consumption. Economic growth has been a key objective of India's planning efforts since independence. Multiple socio-economic factors influence economic growth, including economic drivers like natural resources, human capital, investment and entrepreneurship as well as non-economic factors such as social institutions, political stability, and demographics. Proper management of resources and supportive social and political conditions are necessary to maximize economic growth.
Economic growth is measured by the increase in goods and services produced over time within an economy. It requires expansion of the labor force, capital, trade, and consumption. Economic growth has been a key objective of India's planning efforts since independence. Multiple socio-economic factors influence economic growth, including economic drivers like natural resources, human capital, investment and entrepreneurship as well as non-economic factors such as social institutions, political stability, and demographics. Proper management of resources and supportive social and political conditions are necessary to maximize economic growth.
The Role of Education and Health in human capital development, Even though there are different perspectives to economic growth, there is a general con¬sensus that growth will lead to a good change manifested in increased capacity of people to have control over material assets, intellectual resources and ideology, and obtain physical necessities of life like food, clothing, shelter, employment, etc. The belief in human capital as a necessity for
The document discusses several topics related to human resources and economic development. It defines human resources as the workforce that contributes to a country's productivity and economy. It also discusses that investment in education, training, and healthcare can boost human capital and economic growth. Educated parents are more likely to invest in their children's education, creating a virtuous cycle of improved human capital over generations. In contrast, lack of access to education among the uneducated can perpetuate a vicious cycle of lower human capital.
The document discusses several topics related to human resources and economic development. It describes how human resources are a key factor in economic productivity and growth. Investment in education, health, and human capital formation helps create virtuous cycles of development, while lack of access to these perpetuates vicious cycles of underdevelopment across generations. It also outlines different types of economic activities and defines key concepts like market activities, non-market activities, and unemployment.
Education in relation to socio economic development by derna f bancien (summe...Der Na Fuente Bella
1) Education plays a major role in socio-economic development by enhancing opportunities for income, living standards, and social development. Higher levels of education lead to greater economic output, employment, health, and social structures.
2) There is a close relationship between education levels and GDP. Higher levels of education are associated with higher incomes and allow people to benefit from and contribute to scientific advances.
3) Education is necessary to lift people out of poverty and enable access to higher-wage jobs that now require at least an associate's degree. It builds human capital and leads to social and economic benefits.
This document discusses several topics related to economics, including human resources, education, healthcare, economic activities, unemployment, and more. It notes that human resources are vital to a country's economy and productivity. Investment in education and healthcare is important for developing human capital and creating a cycle of a better educated population. The document also categorizes economic activities into primary, secondary and tertiary, and discusses key concepts like market activities, quality of population, and different types of unemployment like seasonal and educated unemployment. Overall it provides an overview of important economic concepts.
A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
How to Make a Field Mandatory in Odoo 17Celine George
In Odoo, making a field required can be done through both Python code and XML views. When you set the required attribute to True in Python code, it makes the field required across all views where it's used. Conversely, when you set the required attribute in XML views, it makes the field required only in the context of that particular view.
বাংলাদেশের অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা ২০২৪ [Bangladesh Economic Review 2024 Bangla.pdf] কম্পিউটার , ট্যাব ও স্মার্ট ফোন ভার্সন সহ সম্পূর্ণ বাংলা ই-বুক বা pdf বই " সুচিপত্র ...বুকমার্ক মেনু 🔖 ও হাইপার লিংক মেনু 📝👆 যুক্ত ..
আমাদের সবার জন্য খুব খুব গুরুত্বপূর্ণ একটি বই ..বিসিএস, ব্যাংক, ইউনিভার্সিটি ভর্তি ও যে কোন প্রতিযোগিতা মূলক পরীক্ষার জন্য এর খুব ইম্পরট্যান্ট একটি বিষয় ...তাছাড়া বাংলাদেশের সাম্প্রতিক যে কোন ডাটা বা তথ্য এই বইতে পাবেন ...
তাই একজন নাগরিক হিসাবে এই তথ্য গুলো আপনার জানা প্রয়োজন ...।
বিসিএস ও ব্যাংক এর লিখিত পরীক্ষা ...+এছাড়া মাধ্যমিক ও উচ্চমাধ্যমিকের স্টুডেন্টদের জন্য অনেক কাজে আসবে ...
How to Add Chatter in the odoo 17 ERP ModuleCeline George
In Odoo, the chatter is like a chat tool that helps you work together on records. You can leave notes and track things, making it easier to talk with your team and partners. Inside chatter, all communication history, activity, and changes will be displayed.
हिंदी वर्णमाला पीपीटी, hindi alphabet PPT presentation, hindi varnamala PPT, Hindi Varnamala pdf, हिंदी स्वर, हिंदी व्यंजन, sikhiye hindi varnmala, dr. mulla adam ali, hindi language and literature, hindi alphabet with drawing, hindi alphabet pdf, hindi varnamala for childrens, hindi language, hindi varnamala practice for kids, https://www.drmullaadamali.com
How to Setup Warehouse & Location in Odoo 17 InventoryCeline George
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How to Fix the Import Error in the Odoo 17Celine George
An import error occurs when a program fails to import a module or library, disrupting its execution. In languages like Python, this issue arises when the specified module cannot be found or accessed, hindering the program's functionality. Resolving import errors is crucial for maintaining smooth software operation and uninterrupted development processes.
Executive Directors Chat Leveraging AI for Diversity, Equity, and InclusionTechSoup
Let’s explore the intersection of technology and equity in the final session of our DEI series. Discover how AI tools, like ChatGPT, can be used to support and enhance your nonprofit's DEI initiatives. Participants will gain insights into practical AI applications and get tips for leveraging technology to advance their DEI goals.
How to Build a Module in Odoo 17 Using the Scaffold MethodCeline George
Odoo provides an option for creating a module by using a single line command. By using this command the user can make a whole structure of a module. It is very easy for a beginner to make a module. There is no need to make each file manually. This slide will show how to create a module using the scaffold method.
Strategies for Effective Upskilling is a presentation by Chinwendu Peace in a Your Skill Boost Masterclass organisation by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan on 08th and 09th June 2024 from 1 PM to 3 PM on each day.
Pengantar Penggunaan Flutter - Dart programming language1.pptx
Edx
1.
2. Problem: Economic Development
Obstacle: Optimum Utilization & Development of
Human Resources
Requirements: Basic Minimum Rights (Health,
Nutrition and Education) & Jobs and Social
Benefits
Challenges: Government Participation and Drive,
Illiteracy, Education, Health, Skill Development,
Job creation, Respectable Wages, Social benefits
like Pension, Insurance, Growth of Savings and
Investment, Capital Investment in Infrastructure
Result or Target: Development of Human
Resources and Spurt in Economic Activity
3. Concept of
Human
Capital
Human capital is a collection of traits – all the knowledge, talents, skills, abilities, experience,
intelligence, training, judgment, and wisdom possessed individually and collectively by
individuals in a population. These resources are the total capacity of the people that
represents a form of wealth which can be directed to accomplish the goals of the nation or
state or a portion thereof. The human capital is further distributed into three kinds; (1)
Intellectual Capital (2) Social Capital (3) Emotional Capital
It is an aggregate economic view of the human being acting within economies, which is an
attempt to capture the social, biological, cultural and psychological complexity as they
interact in explicit and/or economic transactions. Many theories explicitly connect investment
in human capital development to education, and the role of human capital in economic
development, productivity growth, and innovation has frequently been cited as a justification
for government subsidies for education and job skills training.
The concept of human capital has relatively more importance in labour-surplus countries.
These countries are naturally endowed with more of labour due to high birth rate under the
given climatic conditions.
The surplus labour in these countries is the human resource available in more abundance
than the tangible capital resource. This human resource can be transformed into human
capital with effective inputs of education, health and moral values.
The transformation of raw human resource into highly productive human resource with
these inputs is the process of human capital formation.
The problem of scarcity of tangible capital in the labour surplus countries can be resolved by
accelerating the rate of human capital formation with both private and public investment in
education and health sectors of their national economies.
The tangible financial capital is an effective instrument of promoting economic growth of the
nation.
The intangible human capital, on the other hand, is an instrument of promoting
comprehensive development of the nation because human capital is directly related to
human development, and when there is human development, the qualitative and quantitative
progress of the nation is inevitable
4. Human Capital & Material Capital
Human capital is distinctly different from the tangible monetary capital due to the
extraordinary characteristic of human capital to grow cumulatively over a long period of time
On the other hand, human capital has uniformly rising rate of growth over a long period of
time because the foundation of this human capital is laid down by the educational and health
inputs.
The current generation is qualitatively developed by the effective inputs of education and
health.
The future generation is more benefited by the advanced research in the field of education
and health, undertaken by the current generation.
Therefore, the educational and health inputs create more productive impacts upon the future
generation and the future generation becomes superior to the current generation.
In other words, the productive capacity of future generation increases more than that of
current generation.
Therefore, rate of human capital formation in the future generation happens to be more than
the rate of human capital formation in the current generation.
This is the cumulative growth of human capital formation generated by superior quality of
manpower in the succeeding generation as compared to the preceding generation.
The growth of tangible monetary
capital is not always linear due to the
shocks of business cycles.
During the period of prosperity,
monetary capital grows at relatively
higher rate while during the period
of recession and depression, there is
deceleration of monetary capital.
There is such a thing as investment in human capital as well as investment in material capital.
5. Human Capital Development Components
Basic Health Care for
Mothers
Early Childhood care and
Nutrition (Stunting),
Development upto 0-3
years
Primary and Early School
Education
High School Education
Higher Education
Graduation and Skill
Development Programs
Creating Job opportunities
for Skills available
Shifting from Agriculture to
Manufacturing and to
Services dependence
Change or Increase in
Composition of Wages
Introduction of Social
Security benefits for Society
and increase in per capita
income
6. Providing
basic
health
services for
maternal
health
The maternal health is of utmost importance. A
healthy mother will give birth to a healthy child who
will be fit to survive and live long life. The life
expectancy is growing and the new generation has
right to live in a better world. The health care of
mother who gives birth needs to be taken care by
providing her the necessary medical and healthcare
facilities. Setting up of Primary health centres and
free distribution of medicines in rural and under
privileged areas in the need of the hour in many
underdeveloped countries. It also helps in reduction
of infant mortality and helps the mother too.
Poor countries tend to be
unhealthy, and unhealthy
countries tend to be poor.
Across the broad swath of
history, improvements in
income have come hand-in-
hand with improvements in
health. Health is a kind of
human capital as well as an
input to producing other
forms of human capital.
Being un-healthly depresses
the ability to work
productively and/or the ability
and incentives to invest in
human capital. Taken
together, these mechanisms
imply that worse health
implies lower income.
After the birth of
child, taking care
of the health of
child, nutrition
The primary health care of a child is another area,
which needs to be taken care necessarily. The
immunizations, vaccinations, saving the infant or
child from diseases, proper nutrition requires a lot
efforts.
The investment and onus of providing these basic
health services lies with Government. The child is
future of any country and Government has a major
role in protecting the future generation by ensuring
that the basic minimum health services and proper
nutrition are available at each nook and corner of
country.
An unhealthy child will only become a burden on
available resources. Poor health will affect the
income earning capacity and productivity of the
at a later stage of life, when he becomes adult. We
need to generate assets and not liabilities.
7. Early school
education and
development of
mind
Much of a person’s physiological and
cognitive development happens in
childhood. Hence, it is important that
after the age of 3, early schooling
facilities are made available to the
child. It is also important to note that
non education leads to severe
imbalances in societies and the
resources of generation are wasted as
they do not contribute to the
development of nation.
An educated population is a
productive population. Education
increases the productivity and
efficiency of workers by increasing the
level of cognitive stock of economically
productive human capability, which is a
product of innate abilities and
investment in human beings. The
provision of formal education is seen
as an investment in human capital.
The illiterate people get trapped in a
cycle of poverty with limited
opportunities for employment or
income generation and higher
chances of poor health, turning to
crime and dependence on social
welfare or charity if available.
Basic minimum
education for
sustenance
Education is an economic good
because it is not easily obtainable and
thus needs to be apportioned.
Hence, the basic minimum education
needs to be imparted to a child. A
has the right to have education and
the development of him/ herself and
the society as whole, it is necessary
the facilities are created to impart the
knowledge and education to the
children.
Formal education is highly
instrumental and necessary to improve
the productive capacity of a
8. Identifying
the
potential
and
provide
higher
education
It is regarded that education represents both consumer and capital goods, because
it offers satisfaction and also serves as an input to develop the human resources
necessary for economic and social transformation.
The pressure for higher education in many developing countries has undoubtedly
been helped by public perception of financial reward from pursuing such education.
The economic prosperity and functioning of a nation depend on its physical and
human capital stock.
Simply, human capital represents the investment people make in themselves that
enhance their economic productivity.
It is widely accepted that
education creates improved
citizens and helps to upgrade
the general standard of living in
a society. The increased faith in
education as an agent of change
in many developing countries,
has led to heavy investments in
it.
Physical capital has traditionally
been the focus of economic
research, factors affecting the
enhancement of human skills
and talent are increasingly
figured in the research of social
and behavioural sciences.
. The theoretical framework
most responsible for the
wholesome adoption of
education and development
policies has come to be known
as human capital theory.
To contribute significantly to
economic growth and
development, education must be
of high quality and also meet the
skill-demand needs of the
economy.
There seems to be a strong
correlation between an educated
population and technological
innovation. The link is made
explicit in what is
termed investment in humans:
workers needed education in
order to utilize new
technologies, thereby increasing
the total productivity and
inducing economic growth.
Skill
developm
ent
courses
like,
Engineerin
g &
Technolog
y,
Managem
ent,
Services
sector etc.
The focus on education as a capital good related to the concept of human capital,
which emphasizes that the development of skills is an important factor in production
activities.
Expansion of educational opportunities and easy access to skill development
programs promotes economic growth.
Education is an engine of growth and key to development in every society, based
on its quality and quantity. In order to make a significant contribution to economic
growth and development, high quality education is required
The productivity of any human is enhanced and sustained based on an increased
and diversified labor force.
The Skill development courses are focussed on creating job opportunities and
develop a highly developed resources pool. Setting up of Higher Studies
Universities, Colleges, Institutes are the prime objective of Government. It can be
done both on Public and Private partnership or by Private or by Government. The
highly skied jobs will help in development of overall economy.
Education has always been considered a key determinant of economic growth; the
central role of technology has provided the impetus for the focus on education. The
accumulation of human capital through education and on-the-job training fosters
economic growth by improving labour productivity, promoting technological
innovation, and adaptation.
During childhood and early adolescence, socialization takes place in the home and
at school. During their transition from school to work, young people become even
more integrated into society through their employment.
9. Ensuring Job
creation
across
various
sectors
After the impartation of Higher and Skilled Education, the
creation of Job opportunities is an important aspect. The
pace of Manufacturing, Industrialization, Globalization,
Automation has thrown up immense opportunities to the
skilled work force.
They are spread over a spectrum of industries like IT,
Banking, Manufacturing, Management, Services, Legal
etc.
The kind of jobs being created today never existed 10-20
years ago and the basis of same has been disruptions in
businesses and the development of new job opportunities
and accordingly the skilled work force is grabbing them.
The jobs are being created mostly in Private sector with
Government’s push for development of various sectors of
economy.
With globalization, the shifting of labour from one
geography to other and exchange of ideas and technology
has ensured that the jobs be migrated to the developing
economies from developed economies in many sectors
like IT, Manufacturing, BPO industry etc.
The benefits of it has been availed by the work force of the
developing economy as the government had invested in
development of skilled jobs for them.
Job creation has helped in development of Human
resources a lot. Countries like Bangladesh, Vietnam, India,
Cambodia, China have seen the shift of many skilled jobs
from the costly developed countries and have provided
opportunities to the workforce.
Government was able to capture the opportunities
available and provide a platform for development to its
citizens.
As the necessary infrastructure for
funding of Capital goods and heavy
investments are required, there is a
constant requirement of creation of
jobs for skilled labour for efficient
deployment.
Otherwise the problems may be faced
like: underemployment, low absorptive
capacity, shortage of professionals,
regional imbalances, and brain drain.
The persistence of many problems in
spite of the various policy formulation
and responses points to the need for a
more focused, responsive, functional,
and qualitative educational system.
10. Providing
minimum
basic wages
With the development of Job market and
opportunities and upliftment of
economic well being and higher
education levels, the minimum wage
levels and earning capacity too will
increase.
The skilled jobs require specialization, the
human capital which is skilled can
command the market forces to set up a
minimum level of wages depending
upon the industry, experience, demand
etc.
The government or the employers too
must provide a minimum level of wages,
which can sustain living standards for the
family.
It becomes imperative for the Country to
have such governance structures in
place, which helps in upliftment of the
standards of its human capital. The
income thus at the disposal in the hands
of the employees gives rise to
consumptions, education of children,
improved purchasing power, health
benefits.
Improved Labour Laws are
created for the benefit of
employees. Exploitation of
labour stops, Better governance
and enforcement is ensured.
Better bargaining power in the
hands of the labour ensures that
their living standards improve
11. Running social
security programmes
of Health Services,
Pension, Insurance,
inculcating Savings
habit etc.
The various social security programmes
such as Pension after superannuation,
free health benefits, Social Security
Insurances schemes, Inculcating savings
amongst the society are few
developments, which helps in improving
the life of citizens.
Establishment of Hospitals, providing old
age pension or social security benefits,
free transportations,
The investment in such programmes
helps the governments to improve the life
cycle of its citizens and also to some
extent helps in raising the standard of
living of citizens
Human capital investment and retirement
benefits are integrated and it along with
social security schemes affects welfare of
human capital and labor supply
The higher or surplus income available
leads to higher savings rate for the
economy as a whole which in turn can be
used for investments in development of
infrastructure and resources, industries
Such programmes
incentivize the citizens to go
through the higher
education, good and skilled
jobs and better prospects of
earnings. The higher
standard of livings or
improved standard of living
is the human desire for the
next generation.
The aim remains to reduce
poverty, Sustainable
development of the future
generations,
12. O T H E R E C O N O M I C
A C T I V I T Y I . E .
C O N S U M P T I O N
P A T T E R N S ,
H O U S I N G , F O O D ,
S H E L T E R ,
E D U C A T I O N
O P P O R T U N I T I E S .
E L E C T R I C I T Y ,
S A N I T A T I O N ,
W A T E R , I N D U S T R I A L
D E V E L O P M E N T
T H E O V E R A L L I N V E S T M E N T I N T H E H U M A N C A P I T A L A S S T A T E D A B O V E L E A D S T O
V A R I O U S B E N E F I T S F O R T H E C O U N T R Y .
T H E D E V E L O P E D A N D S A T I S F I E D M I N D C A N A L W A Y S H E L P I N I M P R O V E D
C O N S U M P T I O N A C T I V I T Y , I N F O R M E D D E C I S I O N S R E L A T I N G T H E F U T U R E
G E N E R A T I O N S .
I T G I V E S R I S E T O O P P O R T U N I T I E S F O R B E T T E R F O O D A N D S H E L T E R F O R T H E
C I T I Z E N S , B E T T E R E D U C A T I O N F A C I L I T I E S .
H I G H L E V E L S O F A W A R E N E S S A B O U T T H E H E A L T H , S A N I T A T I O N A N D C L E A N
W A T E R .
L E A D S T O I N N O V A T I O N S , I N D U S T R I A L D E V E L O P M E N T , I N F R A S T R U C T U R E
D E V E L O P M E N T , H I G H W A Y S , P O W E R S U P P L Y , D A M S , R E N E W A B L E R E S O U R C E S ,
S U S T A I N A B L E D E V E L O P M E N T , E F F I C I E N T U T I L I Z A T I O N O F A V A I L A B L E R E S O UR C E S .
W I T H H I G H L E V E L O F D E V E L O P M E N T O F M I N D S
A N D T H O U G H T P R O C E S S E S , O P P O R T U N I T I E S A R E
E X P L O R E D F O R T H E B E T T E R M E N T A N D
U P L I F T M E N T O F S O C I E T Y .
O T H E R E C O N O M I C A C T I V I T I E S S T A R T P I C K I N G U P
L E A D I N G T O A C H A I N R E A C T I O N I N T H E
E C O N O M Y T O D I V E R T A N D E F F I C I E N T L Y U S E T H E
R E S O U R C E S
O V E R A L L I M P A C T L E A D S T O D E V E L O P M E N T A N D
G R O W T H
13.
14. Results of Development of Human Capital is
Socio Economic Transformation
Better Health Care facilities
Better Development of Child
Good Schooling and early
Education benefits
Higher Education & Skill
Development Colleges
New Job opportunities made
available due to shifting of
jobs from Developed to
developing countries
Change of Composition in
GDP contribution
Higher & Competitive wages
and rise in Per Capita
Income
Introduction of Social
Security benefits like
Pension, Insurance, Subsidies
and Savings
Migration or Shifting from
Agriculture to Manufacturing
and to Services dependence
Increased Industrial Activity
for Consumption leading to
growth of Industrial &
Manufacturing Production
and GDP growth
Exports of Services Sector,
Development of Banking
Activities, MSMEs, Forex
Reserves,
Development of Urban and
Metro centre, Shifting from
Villages to Urban centres
Development of
Infrastructure activities,
Roads, Power, Industrial
Factories, Housing,
Sanitation conditions,
Leads to Higher Economic
Development
Creation of Wealth for the
Country/ Human Capital
turns into Assets and
provide return to economy
15. INVESTMEN
T IN HUMAN
CAPITAL
IMPROVED
HEALTHCARE
CHILD AND
EARLY
SCHOOLING
DEVELOPMENT
OF MINDS,
ANALYTICAL
CAPABILITIES,
HIGHER
EDUCATION
AND SKILL
DEVELOPMENT
JOB CREATION,
HIGHER PER
CAPITA
HIGHER
SAVINGS, MORE
AWARE ABT
DERIVING
BENEFITS FROM
IMPROVED,
INFRASTURCTU
E, HEALTHCARE,
SOCIAL
THRUST OR MORE
PUSH FOR
DEVELOPMENT OF
NEXT GENERATION
BY INVESTING IN
HUMAN CAPITAL
18. Poverty often robs people of their opportunities, hopes
dignity, and confidence in their abilities. But when this
happens to children, it does not just impact their lives, it
endangers the future of that community and society as a
whole. Children growing up today cannot wait for the
results of economic development programmes. Their
bodies, brains, abilities and life ambitions are developing
today, and they need support now. Although it is not
possible to reduce poverty or income imbalances
considerably in one night, it is possible to decrease the
impact of poverty on children through smart public policy
and public-private partnerships.
Investment in the future generations may also be called
investment in the Human Capital to put in simple words.
It is necessary for Pubic and Private to join together for
development of Economy
Government need to formulate policy and provide
opportunities for such development
It needs to invest heavily in Health, Primary and Higher
Education, Social Justice, Infrastructure, Job creation
activities, promote Private investment with focus on
Exports of Services & reduction in Imports, and push for
Manufacturing activities is required for diverting the
labour as potential assets
Usage of financial Inclusion, plugging loop holes in social
benefits, Social Insurance and Savings acceleration, Push
for GDP growth should be part of Economic policy of any
Government
19. In India many such initiatives have been launched such as Samagra Shiksha (Education of Children),
Ayushman Bharat (Health Coverage), Swachh Bharat Mission (Sanitation), Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala
Yojana (providing fuel), Pradhan Mantri Jandhan Yojana (Financial Inclusion by opening bank
accounts), Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikas (Skill Development) Minimum Wages and Provident Fund
and Pension Fund benefits for investment and the Aadhaar identification system-enabled direct cash
transfer (social Security benefits transfer like subsidies, old age pension etc.), Make in India Initiatives
for MSME, Heavy Investment in Infrastructure that have improved governance and social protection.
“These initiatives are transforming human capital in India at a rapid pace and very comprehensively
touching upon the lives of millions of people living in rural and tribal areas
20. Rate of Savings in India went as high as
39% at one time driving growth of
economy
Shifting of Labour from Agriculture to
Industries and Services Sector in GDP%
Growth of Higher Education Institutions