THE CARRY-OVER VALUES OF STUDENT ACTIVITIES ON THE FORMATION OF LEADERSHIP T...RayRudolfPastrana1
his study was based on the results of in-person qualitative interviews with
twenty five (25) teachers/club advisers, twenty five (25) student leaders, and ten
(10) alumni of five (5) schools, both private and public, in the Municipality of San
Ildefonso, Bulacan. It was designed so as to determine the carry-over values of
school activities on the formation of leadership traits among students.
THE CARRY-OVER VALUES OF STUDENT ACTIVITIES ON THE FORMATION OF LEADERSHIP T...RayRudolfPastrana1
his study was based on the results of in-person qualitative interviews with
twenty five (25) teachers/club advisers, twenty five (25) student leaders, and ten
(10) alumni of five (5) schools, both private and public, in the Municipality of San
Ildefonso, Bulacan. It was designed so as to determine the carry-over values of
school activities on the formation of leadership traits among students.
Unit 01: Importance of Teaching of Pakistan Studies
Unit 02: Aims and Objectives of Teaching Pakistan Studies
Unit 03: Rationale for Teaching of Pakistan Studies
3.1 Educating Children for a Pakistani Society
3.2. Changing our Vision Developing a National and a Global Sense of Citizenship
3.3 Global Connections
Unit 04: Planning for Teaching of Pakistan Studies
4.1 Appropriate Planning for Teaching of Pakistan Studies
4.2 Planning Experiences for Pakistan studies
4.3 Lesson Planning in Pakistan Studies
Unit 05: Teaching History
5.1 Developing a Sense of History
5.2 Exploring key Elements of History
5.3 The many Worlds of History
Unit 06: Teaching Geography
6.1 Fostering Geographic Knowledge
6.2 Building Global Connection Through Geography
6.3 Themes and Skills in Geography
6.4 Creating an Appropriate Geography Curriculum
6.5 Helping Children Build Knowledge about the Physical Environment
Unit 07: Teaching Civics
7.1 Building a Community
7.2 Fostering Positive Values and Social Skills
7.3 Developing Civic and Social Responsibilities
7.4 Nurturing Civic Responsibility
Unit 08: Teaching Methods
8.1 Problem Solving
8.2 Project Method
8.3 Discussion Method
8.4 Story Telling
8.5 Role Playing
8.6 Demonstration Method
8.7 Team Teaching
8.8 Cooperative Learning
Unit 09: Use of A.V. Aids in Teaching of Pakistan Studies
9.1 Technology in the Classroom
9.2 Role of IT in Teaching
9.3 Co-curricular Activities
Unit 10: Curriculum of Pakistan Studies
10.1 Curriculum Development
10.2 Curriculum Evaluation
Unit 11: Evaluation
11.1 Objectives, Type and Importance of Evaluation
11.2 Preparation of Model Paper of Pakistan Studies
11.3 Review of Papers of Pakistan Studies
Unit 12: Teaching about Special Social Issues
Recommended Books:
1. Aslam, .M. D. (2001). Teaching of Pakistan Studie, Lahore, Ilmi Kutab Khana Press
2. Larolimek, J. (2006), Social Studies in Elementary Education, London: Macmillan
3. Rai, B. C., (2004), Techniques and Methods of Teaching, Lukhnow: Prakashankendra
4. Savage, T. V. & Armstrong, D. G. (2007), Effective Teaching in Elementary Social Studies,
New York: Macmillan
5. Robles de Melendez, W., Vesn, B. & Melba, F. (2000), Teaching Social Studies in Early
Education, United Kingdom: Delmar PAKISTAN Studies is a subject that aims at enhancing students' knowledge about history, culture and geography of Pakistan and to inculcate patriotism in the hearts of students so that they may become a good citizen.
Although Pakistan Studies is a compulsory subject from Class IX up to the university level, it is an astonishing fact that many of the students are unaware of important historical figures and events.
Even if they know some, it's just the names of some of the famous personalities and not the details about their achievements, life and causes of success or downfall.
The books on Pakistan Studies of different levels cover the topics which are repeated in all of them.
There is no need to teach about those selected topics at each level. Instead the ne
Principals’ Administrative Strategies as Correlates of Teachers’ Job Perform...PUBLISHERJOURNAL
Principals’ Administrative Strategies as Correlates of Teachers’ Job Performance in Public Secondary Shools in Obollo-Afor Education Zone of Enugu State, Nigeria
Eze, Chidinma Esther1,2; Eze, Val Hyginus Udoka1; Ifeyinwa Ogoegbunam Ezenwaji2; Nwabueze, Akachukwu I2
1Department of Publication and Extension, Kampala International University, Uganda
2Department of Educational Foundation, University of Nigeria, Nsukka
________________________________________
ABSTRACT
The study investigated principals’ administrative strategies as correlates of teachers’ job performance in public secondary schools in Obollo-Afor Education Zone of Enugu State. Four research questions and four null hypotheses guided the study. The study adopted a correlational survey design. The population of the study was 1,854 principals and teachers in 48 secondary schools in the Zone. A sample of 605 teachers was drawn using proportionate stratified random sampling technique. Questionnaire was used as the instrument for data collection and was subjected to face-validation by three experts. The internal consistency of the instrument was obtained using Cronbach Alpha, which yielded an index of 0.72. Data collected were analyzed using regression analysis while regression ANOVA was used in testing the formulated hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance. The result of the study revealed that, open communication, carrying teachers’ along and providing for teachers’ welfare among others are principals’ administrative strategies for enhancing teachers’ job performance in secondary schools. The result also, revealed a high positive significant relationship existing between principals’ administrative strategies in decision making, delegation of duties, open communication and management of staff welfare and teachers’ job performance in secondary schools. The study recommended among others that principals in public secondary schools should adopt positive administrative strategies as identified in this study to promote teachers’ job performance.
Keywords: Administrative Strategies, Teachers’ Job Performance, Decision Making, Open Communication, Teachers Welfare
The study investigated principals’ administrative strategies as correlates of teachers’ job
performance in public secondary schools in Obollo-Afor Education Zone of Enugu State. Four
research questions and four null hypotheses guided the study. The study adopted a
correlational survey design. The population of the study was 1,854 principals and teachers in
48 secondary schools in the Zone. A sample of 605 teachers was drawn using proportionate
stratified random sampling technique. Questionnaire was used as the instrument for data
collection and was subjected to face-validation by three experts. The internal consistency of
the instrument was obtained using Cronbach Alpha, which yielded an index of 0.72. Data
collected were analyzed using regression analysis while regression ANOVA was used in testing
the formulated hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance. The result of the study revealed that,
open communication, carrying teachers’ along and providing for teachers’ welfare among
others are principals’ administrative strategies for enhancing teachers’ job performance in
secondary schools. The result also, revealed a high positive significant relationship existing
between principals’ administrative strategies in decision making, delegation of duties, open
communication and management of staff welfare and teachers’ job performance in secondary
schools. The study recommended among others that principals in public secondary schools
should adopt positive administrative strategies as identified in this study to promote
teachers’ job performance.
Increasing the Effectiveness of Forming a Valuable Relationship with Students...ijtsrd
In this article, the author pays special attention to improving the activities of educational institutions, which are currently functioning at all stages of the system of continuing education, as the implementation of the most advanced ideas. Norqochkorova Rohila Ziyodullayevna "Increasing the Effectiveness of Forming a Valuable Relationship with Students of the Pedagogical College" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-3 , April 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd49596.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/49596/increasing-the-effectiveness-of-forming-a-valuable-relationship-with-students-of-the-pedagogical-college/norqochkorova-rohila-ziyodullayevna
The Implementation of Gifted Education through Acceleration Program at Senior...iosrjce
The purpose of this research in general is to describe the implementation of special
education and gifted children through an accelerated program at MAN 1 Medan, North Sumatra. The
specific objectives are to describe some aspects regarding the implementation of accelerated classes
are: 1) The mastery of theoretical and practical aspects implementing by educators. 2) curriculum
and the learning process. 3) Learners and underlying measurement. 4) Educational facilities, 5).
Educators and their qualifications. This research conducted with descriptive quantitative and
qualitative approach. Subject of this research were students at accelerated class at MAN 1 Medan,
while informants are principal, teachers and staffs. Based on the data analysis, revealed that accelerated class have been implemented and organized well.
The paper aims to contribute to the limited literature on the challenges faced particularly by the primary school headmasters. It contextualizes the problem to the current educational reform in Mauritius. The mixed-methods approach was adopted to examine the daily experiences of headmasters in three selected primary schools. A semi-structured questionnaire was administered with 100 teachers to analyse the challenges experienced by their novice headmasters, and the novice school head of each of these schools was interviewed to explore the reasons behind these challenges. The novice heads suffered from professional isolation; they are overwhelmed with administrative management; their incapacity to manage learner discipline due to lack of parental support in implementing the reform; and they cannot support the implementation of digitalized education. The study was limited to the perceptions of teachers about the challenges met by their novice headmasters. An in-depth interview with these novice school heads would have provided other challenges that were more important to them in their leadership practice, or a survey with a large sample of novice headmasters would have added more input to the study. Implications are provided for the novice school heads and for the Ministry of Education to look into the possibilities for professional development opportunities in school leadership. As a unique study into the challenges of novice school heads in the primary school context, it offers insights to the educational authorities who would be able to design a framework of school leadership for this neglected category of heads.
1. Meaning and scope of educational administration
2. Principle of educational administration
3. Objectives of educational administration
4. elements of educational administration
Unit 01: Importance of Teaching of Pakistan Studies
Unit 02: Aims and Objectives of Teaching Pakistan Studies
Unit 03: Rationale for Teaching of Pakistan Studies
3.1 Educating Children for a Pakistani Society
3.2. Changing our Vision Developing a National and a Global Sense of Citizenship
3.3 Global Connections
Unit 04: Planning for Teaching of Pakistan Studies
4.1 Appropriate Planning for Teaching of Pakistan Studies
4.2 Planning Experiences for Pakistan studies
4.3 Lesson Planning in Pakistan Studies
Unit 05: Teaching History
5.1 Developing a Sense of History
5.2 Exploring key Elements of History
5.3 The many Worlds of History
Unit 06: Teaching Geography
6.1 Fostering Geographic Knowledge
6.2 Building Global Connection Through Geography
6.3 Themes and Skills in Geography
6.4 Creating an Appropriate Geography Curriculum
6.5 Helping Children Build Knowledge about the Physical Environment
Unit 07: Teaching Civics
7.1 Building a Community
7.2 Fostering Positive Values and Social Skills
7.3 Developing Civic and Social Responsibilities
7.4 Nurturing Civic Responsibility
Unit 08: Teaching Methods
8.1 Problem Solving
8.2 Project Method
8.3 Discussion Method
8.4 Story Telling
8.5 Role Playing
8.6 Demonstration Method
8.7 Team Teaching
8.8 Cooperative Learning
Unit 09: Use of A.V. Aids in Teaching of Pakistan Studies
9.1 Technology in the Classroom
9.2 Role of IT in Teaching
9.3 Co-curricular Activities
Unit 10: Curriculum of Pakistan Studies
10.1 Curriculum Development
10.2 Curriculum Evaluation
Unit 11: Evaluation
11.1 Objectives, Type and Importance of Evaluation
11.2 Preparation of Model Paper of Pakistan Studies
11.3 Review of Papers of Pakistan Studies
Unit 12: Teaching about Special Social Issues
Recommended Books:
1. Aslam, .M. D. (2001). Teaching of Pakistan Studie, Lahore, Ilmi Kutab Khana Press
2. Larolimek, J. (2006), Social Studies in Elementary Education, London: Macmillan
3. Rai, B. C., (2004), Techniques and Methods of Teaching, Lukhnow: Prakashankendra
4. Savage, T. V. & Armstrong, D. G. (2007), Effective Teaching in Elementary Social Studies,
New York: Macmillan
5. Robles de Melendez, W., Vesn, B. & Melba, F. (2000), Teaching Social Studies in Early
Education, United Kingdom: Delmar PAKISTAN Studies is a subject that aims at enhancing students' knowledge about history, culture and geography of Pakistan and to inculcate patriotism in the hearts of students so that they may become a good citizen.
Although Pakistan Studies is a compulsory subject from Class IX up to the university level, it is an astonishing fact that many of the students are unaware of important historical figures and events.
Even if they know some, it's just the names of some of the famous personalities and not the details about their achievements, life and causes of success or downfall.
The books on Pakistan Studies of different levels cover the topics which are repeated in all of them.
There is no need to teach about those selected topics at each level. Instead the ne
Principals’ Administrative Strategies as Correlates of Teachers’ Job Perform...PUBLISHERJOURNAL
Principals’ Administrative Strategies as Correlates of Teachers’ Job Performance in Public Secondary Shools in Obollo-Afor Education Zone of Enugu State, Nigeria
Eze, Chidinma Esther1,2; Eze, Val Hyginus Udoka1; Ifeyinwa Ogoegbunam Ezenwaji2; Nwabueze, Akachukwu I2
1Department of Publication and Extension, Kampala International University, Uganda
2Department of Educational Foundation, University of Nigeria, Nsukka
________________________________________
ABSTRACT
The study investigated principals’ administrative strategies as correlates of teachers’ job performance in public secondary schools in Obollo-Afor Education Zone of Enugu State. Four research questions and four null hypotheses guided the study. The study adopted a correlational survey design. The population of the study was 1,854 principals and teachers in 48 secondary schools in the Zone. A sample of 605 teachers was drawn using proportionate stratified random sampling technique. Questionnaire was used as the instrument for data collection and was subjected to face-validation by three experts. The internal consistency of the instrument was obtained using Cronbach Alpha, which yielded an index of 0.72. Data collected were analyzed using regression analysis while regression ANOVA was used in testing the formulated hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance. The result of the study revealed that, open communication, carrying teachers’ along and providing for teachers’ welfare among others are principals’ administrative strategies for enhancing teachers’ job performance in secondary schools. The result also, revealed a high positive significant relationship existing between principals’ administrative strategies in decision making, delegation of duties, open communication and management of staff welfare and teachers’ job performance in secondary schools. The study recommended among others that principals in public secondary schools should adopt positive administrative strategies as identified in this study to promote teachers’ job performance.
Keywords: Administrative Strategies, Teachers’ Job Performance, Decision Making, Open Communication, Teachers Welfare
The study investigated principals’ administrative strategies as correlates of teachers’ job
performance in public secondary schools in Obollo-Afor Education Zone of Enugu State. Four
research questions and four null hypotheses guided the study. The study adopted a
correlational survey design. The population of the study was 1,854 principals and teachers in
48 secondary schools in the Zone. A sample of 605 teachers was drawn using proportionate
stratified random sampling technique. Questionnaire was used as the instrument for data
collection and was subjected to face-validation by three experts. The internal consistency of
the instrument was obtained using Cronbach Alpha, which yielded an index of 0.72. Data
collected were analyzed using regression analysis while regression ANOVA was used in testing
the formulated hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance. The result of the study revealed that,
open communication, carrying teachers’ along and providing for teachers’ welfare among
others are principals’ administrative strategies for enhancing teachers’ job performance in
secondary schools. The result also, revealed a high positive significant relationship existing
between principals’ administrative strategies in decision making, delegation of duties, open
communication and management of staff welfare and teachers’ job performance in secondary
schools. The study recommended among others that principals in public secondary schools
should adopt positive administrative strategies as identified in this study to promote
teachers’ job performance.
Increasing the Effectiveness of Forming a Valuable Relationship with Students...ijtsrd
In this article, the author pays special attention to improving the activities of educational institutions, which are currently functioning at all stages of the system of continuing education, as the implementation of the most advanced ideas. Norqochkorova Rohila Ziyodullayevna "Increasing the Effectiveness of Forming a Valuable Relationship with Students of the Pedagogical College" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-3 , April 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd49596.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/49596/increasing-the-effectiveness-of-forming-a-valuable-relationship-with-students-of-the-pedagogical-college/norqochkorova-rohila-ziyodullayevna
The Implementation of Gifted Education through Acceleration Program at Senior...iosrjce
The purpose of this research in general is to describe the implementation of special
education and gifted children through an accelerated program at MAN 1 Medan, North Sumatra. The
specific objectives are to describe some aspects regarding the implementation of accelerated classes
are: 1) The mastery of theoretical and practical aspects implementing by educators. 2) curriculum
and the learning process. 3) Learners and underlying measurement. 4) Educational facilities, 5).
Educators and their qualifications. This research conducted with descriptive quantitative and
qualitative approach. Subject of this research were students at accelerated class at MAN 1 Medan,
while informants are principal, teachers and staffs. Based on the data analysis, revealed that accelerated class have been implemented and organized well.
The paper aims to contribute to the limited literature on the challenges faced particularly by the primary school headmasters. It contextualizes the problem to the current educational reform in Mauritius. The mixed-methods approach was adopted to examine the daily experiences of headmasters in three selected primary schools. A semi-structured questionnaire was administered with 100 teachers to analyse the challenges experienced by their novice headmasters, and the novice school head of each of these schools was interviewed to explore the reasons behind these challenges. The novice heads suffered from professional isolation; they are overwhelmed with administrative management; their incapacity to manage learner discipline due to lack of parental support in implementing the reform; and they cannot support the implementation of digitalized education. The study was limited to the perceptions of teachers about the challenges met by their novice headmasters. An in-depth interview with these novice school heads would have provided other challenges that were more important to them in their leadership practice, or a survey with a large sample of novice headmasters would have added more input to the study. Implications are provided for the novice school heads and for the Ministry of Education to look into the possibilities for professional development opportunities in school leadership. As a unique study into the challenges of novice school heads in the primary school context, it offers insights to the educational authorities who would be able to design a framework of school leadership for this neglected category of heads.
1. Meaning and scope of educational administration
2. Principle of educational administration
3. Objectives of educational administration
4. elements of educational administration
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
2. Topic Outline
The Traditional and Modern Types of
School Administration and Supervision
Administration and Supervision in the
Philippine Setting
3. SPECIAL OFFICES UNDER OSEC
1. CENTER FOR STUDENTS AND CO-CURRICULAR AFFAIRS
2. EDUCATION TECHNOLOGY UNIT
3. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION SPECIAL CONCERNS OFFICE
4. SPECIAL EVENTS UNIT
5. DETEXT ACTION CENTER
6. INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION UNIT
7. SCHOOL SITES TITLING UNIT
OTHER ATTACHED AGENCIES
1. TEACHER EDUCATION COUNCIL
2. INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS COUNCIL
3. LITERACY COORDINATING COUNCIL
4. PHILIPPINE HIGH SCHOOL FOR THE ARTS
5. NATIONAL BOOK DEVELOPMENT BOARD
6. NATIONAL COUNCIL FOR CHILDREN’S TELEVISION
ADMINISTRATIVE
SERVICE
FINANCIAL AND
MANAGEMENT
SERVICE
HUMAN RESOURCE
DEVELOPMENT
SERVICE
PLANNING
SERVICE
TECHNICAL
SERVICE
*Including 21 interim divisions
**SY 2005-2006
NATIONAL
EDUCATIONAL
TESTING AND
RESEARCH
CENTER
SCHOOL
HEALTH &
NUTRITION
CENTER
PROCUREMENT
SERVICE
NATIONAL
EDUCATORS’
ACADEMY OF
THE
PHILIPPINES
NATIONAL SCIENCE
TEACHING
INSTRUMENTATION
CENTER
INSTRUCTIONAL
MATERIALS
COUNCIL
SECRETARIAT
EDUCATIONAL
DEVELOPMENT
PROJECTS
IMPLEMENTING
TASK FORCE
BUREAU OF
ELEMENTARY
EDUCATION
BUREAU OF
SECONDARY
EDUCATION
BUREAU OF
ALTERNATIVE
LEARNING SYSTEM
OFFICE OF THE
SECRETARY
REGIONAL OFFICES (17)
SCHOOLS DIVISION
OFFICES (188*)
SCHOOLS
ELEM. SEC.
PUBLIC 37,161 4,915
PRIVATE 4,788 3,372
SCHOOL DISTRICT (2,364**)
Organizational Chart
OVERVIEW OF THE PHILIPPINE EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM
As of Dec. 2007
4. To have a vivid picture of the modern trend in
school administration and supervision, it is necessary to
discuss briefly its traditional concept.
MODERN TRADITIONAL
5. Teachers are expected to listen to administrators
and supervisors, and to carry their directives
without questions.
TRADITIONAL
The traditional concept of
administration and supervision is
based on the philosophy that the
teacher is the center of administration
and supervisory activities.
6. TRADITIONAL
The traditional concept puts more
emphasis upon imposed improvement
of the teachers through teacher-
training and rigid supervision.
8. TRADITIONAL
The traditional concept
of school administration and
supervision practices
leadership through
compulsion, coercion and
imposition or through
pressure in the use of ready-
made solutions or
procedures.
9. TRADITIONAL
Traditional administrators and
supervisors consider themselves as
experts and work outside of the group
under their control and supervision.
They also regard classroom
visitation as isolated from
other school activities and
projects.
10. TRADITIONAL
Early in the history of school
administration and supervision,
operations were largely on a personal
and practical basis.
Men were selected, not because of their special
technical training, but rather because of their
success in dealing with the public, the teachers
and the students.
11. TRADITIONAL
The conception of administration
and supervision during those times
reflected the existing practices in
business and industry whereby the
manager, with the approval of the
board of directors, determined the
policy and directed the operation of the
company and the work of its
employees.
12. MODERN
The modern concept of school
administration and supervision on the
other hand, recognizes the child and his
growth and development as the center
of administrative and supervisory
activities.
In other words, the concept of administration and
supervision has gradually moved from the
improvement of instruction to the improvement of
the learning process.
14. MODERN
Modern administration and
supervision see education as a whole.
All factors are evaluated in terms of administrative
and supervisory principles rather than techniques
in improving the teaching learning situation.
Facts and information are secured through the use
of scientific and objective devices.
Subjective judgment became less emphasized and
importance was just attached to objective and
scientific evidence.
15. MODERN
Interdependence and cooperation
are the essential characteristics of
modern administration and
supervision.
All school activities are integrated or correlated
with community projects which affect teaching
and learning process.
Integration of school ad community activities calls
for democratic leadership which functions in a
group situation through cooperative action.
16. MODERN
The modern concept of school
administration is more than mere
inspection of the work of the teachers;
it is a friendly help and counsel – a
clearing house of the best ideas
acquired in the field.
Integration of school ad community activities calls
for democratic leadership which functions in a
group situation through cooperative action.
17. MODERN
It can also be said that modern
administration and supervision are
considerably broader in their scope and
functions than were encompassed in
their earlier concepts and practices.
These functions include many of the conditions
and influences affecting teaching, as well as the
learning and growing of the pupils and the
improvement of the health, physical, economic,
and social conditions of the community.
18. The traditional and modern concepts of school
administration and supervision can be summarized as
follows:
MODERN TRADITIONAL
19. based on the philosophy
that the teacher is the
center of administrative
and supervisory activities
recognizes the child and it
growth
24. regards classroom visitation as an
isolated activity from other
projects
covers the whole teaching-
learning factors which are
resident in the pupils, in the
teachers, in the administrators
and supervisors and in the
school
25. Case
Mr. Santos was a school administrator. One
day he was talking to the meeting about
management. He said, among other things:
“One does not have to have good qualities as
a leader but he has to appear to have them.
Maintain a social distance from employees, so
they can judge you from a distance rather than
from a close range.”
27. In the early days, administration
and supervision were inspectorial in
character, and the methods used were
dictatorial and coercive.
They inspected the buildings and grounds and
equipment.
They even check the attendance and enrolment of
the pupils.
28. Later on, emphasis was placed on
the improvement of the curriculum and
the improvement of instruction through
the training and guidance of the
teachers.
The introduction of new subjects like music,
manual arts, adult education and home economics
in the elementary and secondary school
curriculum led to the development of special
supervisors.
29. At present, administration and
supervision are considered as an “expert
technical service primarily concerned
with studying, improving, and
evaluating teaching-learning situations ,
and the conditions that affect them.
It becomes synonymous with democratic
leadership which stresses the dignity and worth of
the individual, promotes the general welfare, and
proceeds though the method of intelligence
through cooperative action.
30. In our system:
The division superintendent and district
supervisor – administrative function
Division and subject supervisor—
supervisory function
Principal –both supervisory and
administrative function
31. Case
A district supervisor used to get some of his
teachers together to play mahjong on Sunday
afternoons or evenings. When asked by another
district supervisor why he did this, he said that
these teachers like other human beings need
recreation.
32. THE DEVELOPMENT OF CONCEPTS IN ADMINISTRATION AND
SUPERVISION IN THE PHILIPPINES
Concepts of
Administration
and Supervision
Period of
influence
Parties doing
administration
and supervision
Nature of Administrative and
supervisory programs
Inspection of
school grounds
and classroom
1901-1924 Administrators
and special
supervisors
Inspection for the sake of
control. Emphasis upon
regulations and standards set
up by the Bureau of Education
Improvement of
the curriculum,
instruction, and
improvement of
teachers in
service
1925-1941 Administrators,
general, division,
district, and
special
supervisors
Centralization of control and
inspection of instruction
through observation,
demonstration with attention
focused on weakness of the
teachers
33. THE DEVELOPMENT OF CONCEPTS IN ADMINISTRATION AND
SUPERVISION IN THE PHILIPPINES
Concepts of
Administration
and Supervision
Period of
influence
Parties doing
administration
and supervision
Nature of Administrative and
supervisory programs
Improvement of
the total
teaching-learning
situation and the
conditions that
affect them thru
cooperative
leadership
From 1949
to the
present
Responsibility of
the
administrators,
supervisors and
classroom
teachers with
the help of the
experts or
consultants
Program control in the
cooperative study enterprise
such as curriculum
development, in-service
training course, etc., toward
improvement of teaching-
learning situations