Ecosystem
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The document discusses different ecosystems and biodiversity. It defines an ecosystem as the biotic and abiotic factors and their interactions that make up the natural environment in which an organism lives. Six main ecosystem types are described: forest, ocean, desert, grassland, tundra, and wetland. Each ecosystem supports different adapted species. Biodiversity refers to the variety of living organisms and ecosystems. Maintaining biodiversity and natural ecosystems is important for providing essential resources and services to humans and other species. Threats like habitat destruction from human activities can cause biodiversity depletion if not addressed.
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Lingkungan
1) Global warming is threatening Australia's agricultural industry through increased droughts which are killing crops and degrading soil quality. Deforestation in Australia is exacerbating these issues and threatening native species.
2) Indonesia is facing many environmental threats including deforestation, pollution, overfishing, and wildlife trafficking. Uncontrolled deforestation between 2000-2005 destroyed 1.87 million hectares of forest, threatening endangered species and local livelihoods.
3) Forest fires in Indonesia release toxic gases, hurt health, agriculture and tourism. They are directly and indirectly caused by activities like land clearing for oil palm plantations, exacerbating deforestation issues.
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This document discusses several environmental threats facing different regions. It provides details on threats facing the planet generally, as well as Australia and Indonesia specifically. Some of the major threats mentioned include climate change, habitat loss, pollution, invasive species, mining, logging, and oil spills. The document also discusses threats facing orangutans in particular, such as habitat destruction from logging and palm oil plantations, killing of mothers to capture babies for the pet trade, and shooting of orangutans seen as pests. Losing orangutans could disrupt forest ecosystems since they help disperse seeds.
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This document summarizes a proposal for a 20-acre nature preserve that would provide habitat for a variety of wildlife. The preserve would include open areas, forests, ponds, creeks, wildflowers, and shrubs. It is located in a rural agricultural area away from roads to protect wildlife from human and vehicle disturbances. The trees and wetlands would also help filter air and water pollutants.
Conservation of Plants and Animals
Deforestation leads to negative environmental consequences like increased temperatures and carbon dioxide levels, lower water levels, and reduced biodiversity. To conserve forests and wildlife, protected areas like biosphere reserves, national parks, and wildlife sanctuaries are established. These protect habitats and endemic species while allowing wildlife to roam freely. Projects like Project Tiger and conservation efforts like reforestation help protect endangered animals and restore destroyed forests.
Endangered Animals
This document discusses several endangered animals around the world and in Michigan. It provides details on polar bears, hummingbirds, dolphins, sea turtles, gray wolves, Kirtland's warblers, Mitchell's satyr butterfly, and Indiana bats. These species are endangered due to threats like habitat loss, climate change, pollution, and human activity. The document encourages readers to help endangered animals by adopting them, preserving habitats, building birdfeeders, recycling, and visiting nature centers and zoos.
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The document discusses how human activities impact renewable and nonrenewable resources in the biosphere. It covers topics like sustainable use of resources, different types of wastes, biological magnification of pollutants up the food chain, and threats to land, water, air, and biodiversity from human activities like pollution, soil erosion, deforestation, and more. Conservation efforts are needed to help protect resources and the environment.
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1) Global warming is threatening Australia's agricultural industry through increased droughts which are killing crops and degrading soil quality. Deforestation in Australia is exacerbating these issues and threatening native species.
2) Indonesia is facing many environmental threats including deforestation, pollution, overfishing, and wildlife trafficking. Uncontrolled deforestation between 2000-2005 destroyed 1.87 million hectares of forest, threatening endangered species and local livelihoods.
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This document summarizes a proposal for a 20-acre nature preserve that would provide habitat for a variety of wildlife. The preserve would include open areas, forests, ponds, creeks, wildflowers, and shrubs. It is located in a rural agricultural area away from roads to protect wildlife from human and vehicle disturbances. The trees and wetlands would also help filter air and water pollutants.
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The document discusses how human activities impact renewable and nonrenewable resources in the biosphere. It covers topics like sustainable use of resources, different types of wastes, biological magnification of pollutants up the food chain, and threats to land, water, air, and biodiversity from human activities like pollution, soil erosion, deforestation, and more. Conservation efforts are needed to help protect resources and the environment.
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The document outlines the three main economic sectors - the primary sector extracts raw materials from nature, the secondary sector processes raw materials to manufacture products, and the tertiary sector is the service sector. It also describes various types of agriculture including arable farming, livestock farming, fishing, mining, forestry, and different sources of energy.
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The document discusses several issues affecting coral reefs and ocean health, including coral bleaching caused by rising ocean temperatures from global warming, pollution from land-based activities, and overfishing. Coral bleaching occurs when coral release symbiotic algae due to stress, causing them to appear white. Global warming increases ocean temperatures and UV radiation, leading to more frequent bleaching events which could cause coral to go extinct within decades. The document calls for actions like green energy use, conservation, and educating others to help address these problems.
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Biodiversity is the variety of species, their genetic makeup, and the natural communities in which they occur. It includes over 25,000 species in Pennsylvania, many of which are rare, threatened or endangered. Ecosystems provide valuable services like filtering water and controlling floods. The loss of biodiversity reduces nature's ability to perform these functions and makes ecosystems less stable. Biodiversity is also vital to the economy through industries like forestry, wildlife watching, and hunting and fishing, contributing billions to Pennsylvania's economy each year.
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The document discusses the problem of overfishing and its negative impacts. It notes that fishing rates currently exceed fish reproduction rates, and that overfishing has led to a decline in fish populations and sizes. Certain destructive fishing methods like bottom trawling and gillnetting contribute significantly to bycatch and damage fish habitats. Examples are provided of overfished areas like the cod fisheries in Newfoundland and bluefin tuna in the Mediterranean. Proposed solutions mentioned include establishing no-take marine zones and restricting fishing during fish reproduction seasons.
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The document summarizes the negative impacts of overfishing, including the destruction of 40 tons of coral in the Pacific Ocean, 300,000 porpoise and dolphin deaths annually, 100 million sharks caught per year, and over 80% of shark species disappearing from the Atlantic Ocean. Technological advances have allowed humans to catch more fish than ever before, driving fish stocks down. Unless changes are made, all currently fished species are predicted to collapse by 2048. Possible solutions mentioned include marine stewardship councils, individual fishing quotas, marine reserves, and both short term and long term controls on fishing.
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10 ct webquest ho zi ming tan chun keat ong xian hao human impact on environment
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This document defines biodiversity and describes its levels and value. It discusses genetic, species, and ecosystem diversity. Biodiversity provides consumptive use value through food, medicine, and fuel. It has productive use value when commercially used. Biodiversity also has social, aesthetic, option, and ecosystem service values. Major threats include habitat loss and poaching. Conservation efforts include in situ protection of wildlife and ex situ measures like seed banks and zoos.
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Ecosystem
- 2. ECOSYSTEM The natural surrounding in which an organism live is called habitat . The biotic and abiotic factors in the surrounding and their mutual relationship together form the ecosystem
- 3. DIFFERENT TYPES OF ECOSYSTEM Forest ecosystem Ocean ecosystem Desert ecosystem Grassland ecosystem Tundra Wetland ecosystem
- 8. TUNDRA
- 10. Forest ecosystem :- Wild animals Ocean ecosystem :- Fish, star fish, Whales, Shark. Desert ecosystem :- Camel, cactus plant Grassland ecosystem :- Grass hopper, caterpillar, ant Tundra :- Polar bear, Yak Wetland ecosystem :- Algae, Turtles, Snail, Microorganisms
- 11. FILL IN THE BLANKS Forest ecosystem - ........................ Ocean ecosystem - ....................... ............................... - catus plant, camel ................................ - algae, microorganisms Tundra - ................................... ............................... - Grass, herbs, grasshopper
- 12. BIODIVERSITY Biodiversity includes all the diverse organisms that inhabit the earth along with their ecosystems. Biodiversity includes various levels like Ecosystem diversity, Species diversity and Genetic diversity.
- 13. This term biodiversity which denotes the richness of the biosphere was first used by a British environmentalist, Walter. G. Rosen in 1985.
- 14. Are all ecosystems alike in biodiversity? No. Are all organisms seen in an ecosystem also seen in another ecosystem? Organisms adapted to the conditions of particular ecosystems. The physical and chemical structure of each ecosystem is different. So organisms seen in one ecosystem may not be present in another ecosystem.
- 15. What is the need for protecting natural ecosystems? Natural ecosystem are to be conserved for the existence and conservation of organisms. Ecosystems are the treasure houses of biodiversity. They provide innumerable services. Essential services, Ecological services, supporting services, and cultural services.
- 16. SERVICES PROVIDED BY BIODIVERSITY Availability of essential materials Cultural Services Ecological Services Auxiliary Services
- 17. AVAILABILITY OF ESSENTIAL MATERIALS Food Medicine Fuels Construction materials
- 18. CULTURAL SERVICES Aesthetics Recreation Study Rituals and their practice
- 19. ECOLOGICAL SERVICES Soil formation Prevention of soil erosion O2 - CO2 balance Availability of fresh water Control of flood Climate control
- 20. AUXILIARY SERVICES Nutrient cycling Pollination Biological control Seed dispersal
- 22. BIODIVERSITY DEPLETION Reduction or loss of plant or animal species are called biodiversity depletion
- 23. CAUSES OF BIODIVERSITY DEPLETION Agriculture Dam construction Mining Tourism Hunting Exploitation of forest wealth Large scale destruction of ecosystem Over exploitation of natural resources Excessive use of chemicals in agricultural field
- 25. LOSS LINKS Dodo, a kind of flightless bird, was common in the island of Mauritius.
- 26. Passenger pigeons which flew in lakhs along the North American skies
- 27. Quagga, a wild zebra variety from the southern part of Africa
- 29. IUCN IUCN (International Union for Conservation of Nature) is an organization for environmental protection, operating in different countries.
- 30. RED DATA BOOK Under the auspices of IUCN, a list of endangered plants and animals is prepared every year. This is known as the Red Data Book. The information in the Red Data Book is helpful to identify the extent of biodiversity depletion and to plan out appropriate conservation activities.