An ecosystem is a community of living and non-living organisms interacting with each other and their environment. There are various types of ecosystems defined by their structure and functional attributes. An ecosystem includes all organisms in a given area interacting with their physical environment, with a clear flow of energy and material cycles between living and non-living parts. Energy flows from producers like plants through consumers at different trophic levels in a food chain or complex food web, with roughly 10% of energy being transferred between each trophic level.

1. Presentation On Ecosystem
Session 2017-2019
PRESENTED BY
B.R. ADITYA
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3. An Ecosystem is a community of living and non living
organism in conjunction with their environment like air,
water, water and minerals soil etc.
There is a great variety of ecosystems in existence, all of
them are characterized by general structural and functional
attributes.
Definition: Any unit that includes all of the organisms
(i.e., “the community”) in a given area interacting with the
physical environment so that the flow of energy leads to
clearly defined tropic structure, biotic diversity, and
material cycles (i.e., exchange of materials between living
and nonliving parts) within the system (E. Odum 1971)
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5. 5Fig: Typical Ecosystem

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7. Fig : Aquatic Ecosystem

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Flow Of Energy:

9. What is Food Chain?
The particular pathway of nutrient and energy
movement depends on which organism feeds on
anther.
There are 3 types of food chain exist on nature
1. Predator: start from green plants and end to
lower and higher animals.
2. Parasitic: start from higher animal and end to
lower living organism.
3. Saprophytic: start from death animal and end to
microorganism.
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10. Fig : Typical Food chain 10
Decomposers

11. What is Food Web?
 A food web is graphical representation of
feeding connections among species of an
ecological community.
 Ecosystem the relationship between the food
chains are inter-connected , these relationship
are very complex , as one organism may be a
part of multiple food chains. Hence a web like
structure is formed in place of a linear like
food chain known as food web.
 Food web have different tropic levels.
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12. Fig: Food Web 12

13. Fig: Diagrammatic representation of tropic level in an ecosystem 13

14. • Ecological Pyramid: An energy pyramid is a
presentation of the trophic levels in an ecosystem.
• Energy from the sun is transferred through the
ecosystem by passing through various trophic
levels.
• Roughly 10% of the energy is transferred from
one trophic level to next, thus preventing a large
number of trophic levels. There must be higher
amounts of biomass at the bottom of the pyramid
to support the energy and biomass requirements
of the higher trophic levels.
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15. Fig: Ecological Pyramid
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An ecosystem is a functional unit of nature and comprises
abiotic a components are inorganic materials air, water and soil
whereas biotic components are producers consumers and
decomposers.

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