The document discusses key elements of a country's economic environment that impact business operations. It identifies factors such as gross national income, gross domestic product, per capita income, growth rates, purchasing power, human development index, inflation, employment, debt, income distribution, poverty, labor costs, and productivity. It also explains different economic systems including capitalism, socialism, and mixed economies. Managers must assess the economic environment to make investment and strategy decisions.
Lecture slides for Economics (Social Studies/Araling Panlipunan) Gr. 9 & 10 following the basic competencies of the K to 12 curriculum in the Philippines.
Lecture slides for Economics (Social Studies/Araling Panlipunan) Gr. 9 & 10 following the basic competencies of the K to 12 curriculum in the Philippines.
Economic System is the system of production, distribution and consumption of goods and services in a particular society.
The economic system is composed of people, institutions and their relationships.
It addresses the problems of economics like the allocation of the resources.
Economic System : An organized way in which a state or nation allocates its resources and distributes goods and services in the national community.
Economic system classified into mainly three economic system
Three economic system:
1.market-based economy
2.command-based economy
3.mixed economy
This is intended to develop uses understanding of the family as an economic unit. It will examine the family’s goal of improving its standard of living and the economic decisions the family makes to improve its well-being.
Even tho Pi network is not listed on any exchange yet.
Buying/Selling or investing in pi network coins is highly possible through the help of vendors. You can buy from vendors[ buy directly from the pi network miners and resell it]. I will leave the telegram contact of my personal vendor.
@Pi_vendor_247
If you are looking for a pi coin investor. Then look no further because I have the right one he is a pi vendor (he buy and resell to whales in China). I met him on a crypto conference and ever since I and my friends have sold more than 10k pi coins to him And he bought all and still want more. I will drop his telegram handle below just send him a message.
@Pi_vendor_247
Poonawalla Fincorp and IndusInd Bank Introduce New Co-Branded Credit Cardnickysharmasucks
The unveiling of the IndusInd Bank Poonawalla Fincorp eLITE RuPay Platinum Credit Card marks a notable milestone in the Indian financial landscape, showcasing a successful partnership between two leading institutions, Poonawalla Fincorp and IndusInd Bank. This co-branded credit card not only offers users a plethora of benefits but also reflects a commitment to innovation and adaptation. With a focus on providing value-driven and customer-centric solutions, this launch represents more than just a new product—it signifies a step towards redefining the banking experience for millions. Promising convenience, rewards, and a touch of luxury in everyday financial transactions, this collaboration aims to cater to the evolving needs of customers and set new standards in the industry.
how can i use my minded pi coins I need some funds.DOT TECH
If you are interested in selling your pi coins, i have a verified pi merchant, who buys pi coins and resell them to exchanges looking forward to hold till mainnet launch.
Because the core team has announced that pi network will not be doing any pre-sale. The only way exchanges like huobi, bitmart and hotbit can get pi is by buying from miners.
Now a merchant stands in between these exchanges and the miners. As a link to make transactions smooth. Because right now in the enclosed mainnet you can't sell pi coins your self. You need the help of a merchant,
i will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant below. 👇 I and my friends has traded more than 3000pi coins with him successfully.
@Pi_vendor_247
Resume
• Real GDP growth slowed down due to problems with access to electricity caused by the destruction of manoeuvrable electricity generation by Russian drones and missiles.
• Exports and imports continued growing due to better logistics through the Ukrainian sea corridor and road. Polish farmers and drivers stopped blocking borders at the end of April.
• In April, both the Tax and Customs Services over-executed the revenue plan. Moreover, the NBU transferred twice the planned profit to the budget.
• The European side approved the Ukraine Plan, which the government adopted to determine indicators for the Ukraine Facility. That approval will allow Ukraine to receive a EUR 1.9 bn loan from the EU in May. At the same time, the EU provided Ukraine with a EUR 1.5 bn loan in April, as the government fulfilled five indicators under the Ukraine Plan.
• The USA has finally approved an aid package for Ukraine, which includes USD 7.8 bn of budget support; however, the conditions and timing of the assistance are still unknown.
• As in March, annual consumer inflation amounted to 3.2% yoy in April.
• At the April monetary policy meeting, the NBU again reduced the key policy rate from 14.5% to 13.5% per annum.
• Over the past four weeks, the hryvnia exchange rate has stabilized in the UAH 39-40 per USD range.
how to sell pi coins in all Africa Countries.DOT TECH
Yes. You can sell your pi network for other cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin, usdt , Ethereum and other currencies And this is done easily with the help from a pi merchant.
What is a pi merchant ?
Since pi is not launched yet in any exchange. The only way you can sell right now is through merchants.
A verified Pi merchant is someone who buys pi network coins from miners and resell them to investors looking forward to hold massive quantities of pi coins before mainnet launch in 2026.
I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant to trade with.
@Pi_vendor_247
how can I sell pi coins after successfully completing KYCDOT TECH
Pi coins is not launched yet in any exchange 💱 this means it's not swappable, the current pi displaying on coin market cap is the iou version of pi. And you can learn all about that on my previous post.
RIGHT NOW THE ONLY WAY you can sell pi coins is through verified pi merchants. A pi merchant is someone who buys pi coins and resell them to exchanges and crypto whales. Looking forward to hold massive quantities of pi coins before the mainnet launch.
This is because pi network is not doing any pre-sale or ico offerings, the only way to get my coins is from buying from miners. So a merchant facilitates the transactions between the miners and these exchanges holding pi.
I and my friends has sold more than 6000 pi coins successfully with this method. I will be happy to share the contact of my personal pi merchant. The one i trade with, if you have your own merchant you can trade with them. For those who are new.
Message: @Pi_vendor_247 on telegram.
I wouldn't advise you selling all percentage of the pi coins. Leave at least a before so its a win win during open mainnet. Have a nice day pioneers ♥️
#kyc #mainnet #picoins #pi #sellpi #piwallet
#pinetwork
how to sell pi coins in South Korea profitably.DOT TECH
Yes. You can sell your pi network coins in South Korea or any other country, by finding a verified pi merchant
What is a verified pi merchant?
Since pi network is not launched yet on any exchange, the only way you can sell pi coins is by selling to a verified pi merchant, and this is because pi network is not launched yet on any exchange and no pre-sale or ico offerings Is done on pi.
Since there is no pre-sale, the only way exchanges can get pi is by buying from miners. So a pi merchant facilitates these transactions by acting as a bridge for both transactions.
How can i find a pi vendor/merchant?
Well for those who haven't traded with a pi merchant or who don't already have one. I will leave the telegram id of my personal pi merchant who i trade pi with.
Tele gram: @Pi_vendor_247
#pi #sell #nigeria #pinetwork #picoins #sellpi #Nigerian #tradepi #pinetworkcoins #sellmypi
Introduction to Indian Financial System ()Avanish Goel
The financial system of a country is an important tool for economic development of the country, as it helps in creation of wealth by linking savings with investments.
It facilitates the flow of funds form the households (savers) to business firms (investors) to aid in wealth creation and development of both the parties
what is the best method to sell pi coins in 2024DOT TECH
The best way to sell your pi coins safely is trading with an exchange..but since pi is not launched in any exchange, and second option is through a VERIFIED pi merchant.
Who is a pi merchant?
A pi merchant is someone who buys pi coins from miners and pioneers and resell them to Investors looking forward to hold massive amounts before mainnet launch in 2026.
I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant to trade pi coins with.
@Pi_vendor_247
Latino Buying Power - May 2024 Presentation for Latino CaucusDanay Escanaverino
Unlock the potential of Latino Buying Power with this in-depth SlideShare presentation. Explore how the Latino consumer market is transforming the American economy, driven by their significant buying power, entrepreneurial contributions, and growing influence across various sectors.
**Key Sections Covered:**
1. **Economic Impact:** Understand the profound economic impact of Latino consumers on the U.S. economy. Discover how their increasing purchasing power is fueling growth in key industries and contributing to national economic prosperity.
2. **Buying Power:** Dive into detailed analyses of Latino buying power, including its growth trends, key drivers, and projections for the future. Learn how this influential group’s spending habits are shaping market dynamics and creating opportunities for businesses.
3. **Entrepreneurial Contributions:** Explore the entrepreneurial spirit within the Latino community. Examine how Latino-owned businesses are thriving and contributing to job creation, innovation, and economic diversification.
4. **Workforce Statistics:** Gain insights into the role of Latino workers in the American labor market. Review statistics on employment rates, occupational distribution, and the economic contributions of Latino professionals across various industries.
5. **Media Consumption:** Understand the media consumption habits of Latino audiences. Discover their preferences for digital platforms, television, radio, and social media. Learn how these consumption patterns are influencing advertising strategies and media content.
6. **Education:** Examine the educational achievements and challenges within the Latino community. Review statistics on enrollment, graduation rates, and fields of study. Understand the implications of education on economic mobility and workforce readiness.
7. **Home Ownership:** Explore trends in Latino home ownership. Understand the factors driving home buying decisions, the challenges faced by Latino homeowners, and the impact of home ownership on community stability and economic growth.
This SlideShare provides valuable insights for marketers, business owners, policymakers, and anyone interested in the economic influence of the Latino community. By understanding the various facets of Latino buying power, you can effectively engage with this dynamic and growing market segment.
Equip yourself with the knowledge to leverage Latino buying power, tap into their entrepreneurial spirit, and connect with their unique cultural and consumer preferences. Drive your business success by embracing the economic potential of Latino consumers.
**Keywords:** Latino buying power, economic impact, entrepreneurial contributions, workforce statistics, media consumption, education, home ownership, Latino market, Hispanic buying power, Latino purchasing power.
what is the future of Pi Network currency.DOT TECH
The future of the Pi cryptocurrency is uncertain, and its success will depend on several factors. Pi is a relatively new cryptocurrency that aims to be user-friendly and accessible to a wide audience. Here are a few key considerations for its future:
Message: @Pi_vendor_247 on telegram if u want to sell PI COINS.
1. Mainnet Launch: As of my last knowledge update in January 2022, Pi was still in the testnet phase. Its success will depend on a successful transition to a mainnet, where actual transactions can take place.
2. User Adoption: Pi's success will be closely tied to user adoption. The more users who join the network and actively participate, the stronger the ecosystem can become.
3. Utility and Use Cases: For a cryptocurrency to thrive, it must offer utility and practical use cases. The Pi team has talked about various applications, including peer-to-peer transactions, smart contracts, and more. The development and implementation of these features will be essential.
4. Regulatory Environment: The regulatory environment for cryptocurrencies is evolving globally. How Pi navigates and complies with regulations in various jurisdictions will significantly impact its future.
5. Technology Development: The Pi network must continue to develop and improve its technology, security, and scalability to compete with established cryptocurrencies.
6. Community Engagement: The Pi community plays a critical role in its future. Engaged users can help build trust and grow the network.
7. Monetization and Sustainability: The Pi team's monetization strategy, such as fees, partnerships, or other revenue sources, will affect its long-term sustainability.
It's essential to approach Pi or any new cryptocurrency with caution and conduct due diligence. Cryptocurrency investments involve risks, and potential rewards can be uncertain. The success and future of Pi will depend on the collective efforts of its team, community, and the broader cryptocurrency market dynamics. It's advisable to stay updated on Pi's development and follow any updates from the official Pi Network website or announcements from the team.
Turin Startup Ecosystem 2024 - Ricerca sulle Startup e il Sistema dell'Innov...Quotidiano Piemontese
Turin Startup Ecosystem 2024
Una ricerca de il Club degli Investitori, in collaborazione con ToTeM Torino Tech Map e con il supporto della ESCP Business School e di Growth Capital
The European Unemployment Puzzle: implications from population agingGRAPE
We study the link between the evolving age structure of the working population and unemployment. We build a large new Keynesian OLG model with a realistic age structure, labor market frictions, sticky prices, and aggregate shocks. Once calibrated to the European economy, we quantify the extent to which demographic changes over the last three decades have contributed to the decline of the unemployment rate. Our findings yield important implications for the future evolution of unemployment given the anticipated further aging of the working population in Europe. We also quantify the implications for optimal monetary policy: lowering inflation volatility becomes less costly in terms of GDP and unemployment volatility, which hints that optimal monetary policy may be more hawkish in an aging society. Finally, our results also propose a partial reversal of the European-US unemployment puzzle due to the fact that the share of young workers is expected to remain robust in the US.
The secret way to sell pi coins effortlessly.DOT TECH
Well as we all know pi isn't launched yet. But you can still sell your pi coins effortlessly because some whales in China are interested in holding massive pi coins. And they are willing to pay good money for it. If you are interested in selling I will leave a contact for you. Just telegram this number below. I sold about 3000 pi coins to him and he paid me immediately.
Telegram: @Pi_vendor_247
1. ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT
• Economic Environment refers to all those
economic factors, which have a bearing on the
functioning of a business. Business depends on
the economic environment for all the needed
inputs.
• It also depends on the economic environment to
sell the finished goods. Naturally, the
dependence of business on the economic
environment is total and is not surprising
because, as it is rightly said, business is one unit
of the total economy.
2. IMPORTANCE OF ECONOMIC
ENVIRONMENT
• Managers assess economic environment and
forecast market trends in the effort to make better
investment choices and competitive strategies.
• Economic analysis look at several indicators of an
economic environment with emphasis given to how
local conditions require adjusting analysis and
interpratation.
• The economic environments of foreign companies
and markets can help managers predict events that
might affect the company’s future performance.
3. ELEMENTS OF ECONOMIC
ENVIRONMENT
• GROSS NATIONAL INCOME: The income generated
both by total domestic production as well as the
international production activities of national
companies.
GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT: The total value of all
final goods and services produced in a country in
a given year equal to total consumer, investment,
and government spending, plus the value of
exports, minus the value of imports.
4. • PER CAPITA CONVERSION:
The per capita GNI is taking GNI of a country
and converting it into a standard currency say
at US DOLLARS at prevailing market rates and
then dividing this sum by its population leads
to a Per Capita Conversion estimator.
it helps to explain an economy’s performance
in terms of people who live in that country.
5. 3. Rate Of Change
• GDP growth rate indicates a country’s
economic potential.
• High GDP rate means rising standard of
living,Business opportunites
• Example- China has been one of the fastest
growing economies over the past 2 decades,
which attracted an immense amount of FDI.
• The developing countries like China and India
have a higher growth rate than the US
6. 4. Purchasing Power Parity
• The purchasing power in terms of foreign exchange
• To compare markets, the per capita income is
converted into foreign terms
• Exchange rate tells how many units of currency it takes
to buy one US dollar
• Per capita income does not consider the difference in
cost of living from one country to another. Like, the
cost of living in the US and India differ, but it assumes
that the dollar of income of US and the dollar of
income of India has the same purchasing power
7. • The number of units of a country’s currency
required to buy the same amounts of goods
and services in the domestic market that one
unit of income would buy in the other
country.
• Estimating the value of a universal basket of
good and services that can be purchased with
one unit of a country’s currency
• Per capita income is higher in India than the
US because of the lower cost of living.
8. 5. Human Development Index
• The actual level of development of a country
• How well a country does in terms of social
liberties, life expectancy, and literacy rates.
• 3 dimensions
Longevity : Life expectancy at birth
Knowledge : Adult Literacy Rate; Combined
primary, secondary and tertiary gross
enrollment ratio
Standard of Living : Per capita income
expressed in Purchasing Power Parity for
US Dollars
9. Features of Economic
Environment
1. Inflation
• Rise in price measured
against a standard level of purchasing power
• It results when aggregate demand grows
faster than aggregate supply
• It affects cost of living, exchange rates, interest
rates
10. Implications of Chronic inflation
• It affects the cost of living as the rising prices
makes it more difficult for consumers to buy
products unless their income rises at same
pace.
•Customers cannot effectively
plan long term investments ,
no incentives to save
11. Employment
•It is number of workers who want to work
but do not have jobs
•Results in low economic
growth, creates social
pressures and provoke
political uncertainty
12. DEBT
• Sum of borrowing from it population, foreign
organization and government
• Larger the debt, more uncertain is the
country’s economy
• Debt of US has increased from $1 trillion in
1980 to $9.4 trillion in 2008
• Types- Internal & External
13. • Internal Debt- When government spends
more than it collects
o Imperfect tax system
• External Debt- When government borrows
money from foreign lenders
• Ex- Zambia and Liberia has slow economic
growth rate
14. Income Distribution
• Fractions of population that are at various
levels of incomes
• Ginni Coefficient – assess degree of inequality
in distribution of
income
15. Income Distribution among wealthy
nations
• US has largest inequality gap
• Share of income to top 1% has increased and
decreased for the poorest 40%
• Urban vs Rural Income- In china urban income
is 7times more than rural income
16. POVERTY
Poverty: Condition where a person or
community is deprived of or lacks the
essentials for minimum standard of well being
and life.
Poverty as per World Bank:
– Extreme Poverty: living less than $1 per day
– Moderate poverty: living less than $2 per day
17. LABOR COST
LABOR COST
– Key element of total cost.
– Companies scan the world to identify the
difference between low cost and high cost
countries.
18. PRODUCTIVITY
• Amount of output created per unit input
used.
• It is the efficiency with which goods and
services are produced.
19. BALANCE OF PAYMENTS
• Statement of country’s trade and financial
transactions created by individuals, business and
government agencies.
20. Components of Economic. Environment
Growth strategy,
Economic systems,
Economic planning,
Industry,
Agriculture,
Infrastructure,
Financial and fiscal sectors,
Removal of regional imbalances,
Price and distribution controls,
Economic reforms,
Human resources, and
Per capita and national income.
21. Economic Systems
Def. The method used by a society to produce
and distribute goods and services.
Or, How the government tells us what we can
get and how to get it!
22. All Economic Systems Must
Consider the Following Questions:
1. What goods and services to produce?
2. How will they produce them?
3. Who will get them?
4. How much will they produce now, and how
much later?
Each economic system answers these questions
in a DIFFERENT WAY.
24. ECONOMIC SYSTEMS
• An economic environment is a mechanism
that deals with the production, distribution
and consumption of goods and services.
• It is a set of structures and processes that
guides the allocation of resources and shapes
the conduct of business activities in a country.
• Types:
– Capitalism (Market Economy)
– Socialism (Planned economy)
– Mixed (Capitalism + Socialism)
25. CAPITALISM/FREE MARKET ECONOMY
Free market system built on private ownership
and control.
Owners of capital have inalienable property rights
that give them right to earn a profit in return of
their effort, investment and risk.
26. Free Market Economy
Economic questions are answered by individual
buyers and sellers.
Supply and demand influence economy
People act out of self interest; motive for profit
(money) drives the economy
Also known as FREE ENTERPRISE or CAPITALISM
Ex. The United States, Western
Europe, Japan
28. Command Economy
The government answers the basic
economic questions
Advantages: able to act quickly in emergencies,
provide for all people equally
Disadvantages: Inefficient, no incentive to work
hard or be creative
Ex. Communist Countries (China, Vietnam, North
Korea, former
Soviet Union, Cuba)
29. Mixed Economy: No economy is pure market,
pure command or pure traditional, elements of
each appear in all economies, some have more
elements of one economy than another.
Market Mixed Command
USA
Great Britain China
30. American Mixed Economy
While the United States is mostly a free market
economy, it does have elements of a command
economy.
31. Features of American Free Market
Economy
1. Economic Freedom: individuals have the
right to choose
2. Competition: more than one producer of
good/services insures choice
3. Private Property: individuals have the right
to own their own property, including
business
32. Features of American Free Market
Economy (cont)
4. Self-Interest: individuals make
decisions based on what is best for them
5. Voluntary Exchange: individuals may freely
buy and sell goods
6. Profit Motive: individuals are driven by a
desire to profit (make money)
33. Features of American Command
Economy
1. Government regulation of some business
practices
• Ex. Wages, labor hours,
safety practice.
2. Government limits certain choices
• Ex. Cannot buy or produce certain goods/services
3. Government provides aid to the needy
• Ex. Medicare, Medicaid, welfare
34. • Benefits of Capitalism
• In years 1000–1820 world economy grew six-fold, in years
1820–1998 world economy grew 50-fold
• Provides Choice to customers
• Provides valuable goods and services
• Capitalism actively rewards positive traits like hard work
• Similarly, it punishes negative traits such as laziness and
theft
• Narrows the gap between common person and wealthy
• Provides opportunity to realize dreams and desires
• Capitalist societies usually do not have large black markets
• Build on democracy
• Social Good
35. • Major limitations/ Criticism:
• Downfall of work ethics
• Free Market + Self Interest
• Accumulation of wealth
• Encourages inequality in a society
• Business lobbying with government
• Monopolistic tendency
• Human resource exploitation
• Results in great disparities between income
of people owning the capital resources and
others
36. Collective ownership and democratic control of the
material means of production by the workers and the
people
•Socialism is a term applied to an economic system in which property
is held in common and not individually, and relationships are governed
by a political hierarchy. Common ownership doesn't mean decisions
are made collectively, however. Instead, individuals in positions of
authority make decisions in the name of the collective group.
•Socialists argue that socialism would allow for wealth to be
distributed based on how much one contributes to society, as
opposed to how much capital one holds.
•A primary goal of socialism is social equality and a distribution of
Wealth based on one’s contribution to society and an economic
arrangement that would serve the interests of society as a whole.
37. • Features of Socialism;
• Social Ownership of means of
production
• Existance of public sector
• Decisive role of Economic Planning
• Production guided by Social Benefits
• Abolition of exploitation of labour
38. • Benefits of Socialism
i. Better salaries
ii. Stable Environment
iii. Eliminates poverty
iv. Better Products
v. Fulfills survival need
vi. Opportunity for citizens to explore non-
economically- productive pursuits
40. BASIS OF
DIFFERENCE
CAPITALIST ECONOMY SOCIALIST ECONOMY
Resources Ownership Privately owned State owned
Foundation belief competition brings out the best
in people
cooperation is the best
way for people to coexist
Earning of wealth everyone works for his own
wealth
everyone works for wealth
which is distributed equally
to everyone
Market Scenario Level playing field Protection to PSUs,
Private enterprises are
permitted in few
businesses only
Govt. interference Only in situations where laws
have been broken
Fully involved
Employees motivation Highly motivated on account
of proportional benefits
Rarely motivated as
performance is not
rewarded
Merit Perception of better
economic growth because
of competition
Equal distribution of
income results in welfare
of all
Demerit Few individuals/groups Hard work is not
41. Mixed Economy
• Any economy in which private corporate enterprises and
public sector enterprises exist side-by-side, and
decisions taken through market mechanism are
supplemented by some form of partial planning, is to be
described as a mixed economy.
• This system overcomes the disadvantages of both the
market and planned economic systems.
42. • Provides a clear demarcation of the boundaries of public
sector and private sector so that the core sector and
strategic sectors are invariably in the public sector.
• The government intervenes to prevent undue
concentration of economic power, and monopolistic and
restrictive trade practices
• The rights of the individual are respected and protected
subject only tothe requirements of public law and order
and morality
43. • Features
• Resources are owned both by the government as
well as private individuals. i.e. co-existence of
both public sector and private sector.
• Market forces prevail but are closely monitored by
the government.
• Monopolies may be existing but under
close supervision of the government.
44. • Advantages
• Producers and consumer have sovereignty to choose
what to produce and what to consume but production and
consumption of harmful goods and services may be
stopped by the government.
• As compared to Market economy, a mixed economy may
have less income inequality due to the role played by the
government.
• A mixed economy represents an achievable balance
between individual initiative and social goals.