This document provides an overview of key concepts in ecology. It defines ecology as the study of interactions between organisms and their environment. It describes producers, consumers, and decomposers as the main types of organisms in an ecosystem. Producers, like plants, use photosynthesis to convert sunlight into energy, while consumers obtain energy by eating other organisms. Decomposers break down dead organic matter. Food chains and webs show how energy flows through trophic levels from producers to different consumer levels. Ecological pyramids illustrate how biomass and available energy decrease at higher trophic levels due to inefficiencies in energy transfer between levels. The document also discusses ecological interactions like competition, predation, symbiosis and niche