This document contains a series of multiple choice questions about ecology and ecosystems. The questions cover topics such as food webs, ecological levels of organization, stability in ecosystems, and the effects of biotic and abiotic factors. Many questions include diagrams, graphs or illustrations to accompany the text.
SCI 256 Final Exam Answers
FINAL EXAM TEST
1. According to the Environmental Science text, the environmental statement of the
1990s was “saving our planet”. Is earth’s very survival really in danger?
A) no, because in the long view, the changes humans have made to earth will be
cleansed by natural processes
B) no, because sustainability refers only to the next 2 generations of humans
C) yes, because resources are becoming really sparse
D) yes, because energy will run out
E) none of these
2. The total amount of food produced each year worldwide is sufficient to feed all the
world’s people today. Why do famines nevertheless occur?
A) food production is insufficient in some local areas
B) logging destroys agricultural land
C) worldwide transportation of food is inadequate
D) severe local shortage of firewood affects the ability to cook
E) food production is insufficient in some local areas and worldwide
transportation of food is inadequ
SCI 256 Final Exam Answers
FINAL EXAM TEST
1. According to the Environmental Science text, the environmental statement of the
1990s was “saving our planet”. Is earth’s very survival really in danger?
A) no, because in the long view, the changes humans have made to earth will be
cleansed by natural processes
B) no, because sustainability refers only to the next 2 generations of humans
C) yes, because resources are becoming really sparse
D) yes, because energy will run out
E) none of these
2. The total amount of food produced each year worldwide is sufficient to feed all the
world’s people today. Why do famines nevertheless occur?
A) food production is insufficient in some local areas
B) logging destroys agricultural land
C) worldwide transportation of food is inadequate
D) severe local shortage of firewood affects the ability to cook
E) food production is insufficient in some local areas and worldwide
transportation of food is inadequ
SCI 256 Final Exam Answers
FINAL EXAM TEST
1. According to the Environmental Science text, the environmental statement of the
1990s was “saving our planet”. Is earth’s very survival really in danger?
A) no, because in the long view, the changes humans have made to earth will be
cleansed by natural processes
B) no, because sustainability refers only to the next 2 generations of humans
C) yes, because resources are becoming really sparse
D) yes, because energy will run out
E) none of these
2. The total amount of food produced each year worldwide is sufficient to feed all the
world’s people today. Why do famines nevertheless occur?
A) food production is insufficient in some local areas
B) logging destroys agricultural land
C) worldwide transportation of food is inadequate
D) severe local shortage of firewood affects the ability to cook
E) food production is insufficient in some local areas and worldwide
transportation of food is inadequ
SCI 256 Final Exam Answers
FINAL EXAM TEST
1. According to the Environmental Science text, the environmental statement of the
1990s was “saving our planet”. Is earth’s very survival really in danger?
A) no, because in the long view, the changes humans have made to earth will be
cleansed by natural processes
B) no, because sustainability refers only to the next 2 generations of humans
C) yes, because resources are becoming really sparse
D) yes, because energy will run out
E) none of these
2. The total amount of food produced each year worldwide is sufficient to feed all the
world’s people today. Why do famines nevertheless occur?
A) food production is insufficient in some local areas
B) logging destroys agricultural land
C) worldwide transportation of food is inadequate
D) severe local shortage of firewood affects the ability to cook
E) food production is insufficient in some local areas and worldwide
transportation of food is inadequ
SCI 256 Final Exam Answers
FINAL EXAM TEST
1. According to the Environmental Science text, the environmental statement of the
1990s was “saving our planet”. Is earth’s very survival really in danger?
A) no, because in the long view, the changes humans have made to earth will be
cleansed by natural processes
B)
The document is a practice exam for an environmental science course. It contains 50 multiple choice questions covering various topics in environmental science, including the scientific method, ecosystems, population growth, energy sources, water resources, air pollution, climate change, and environmental economics. The questions assess understanding of key concepts and theories presented in an environmental science textbook. An answer key is provided to check responses to the exam questions.
SCI 256 Final Exam Answers
FINAL EXAM TEST
1. According to the Environmental Science text, the environmental statement of the
1990s was “saving our planet”. Is earth’s very survival really in danger?
A) no, because in the long view, the changes humans have made to earth will be
cleansed by natural processes
B) no, because sustainability refers only to the next 2 generations of humans
C) yes, because resources are becoming really sparse
D) yes, because energy will run out
E) none of these
2. The total amount of food produced each year worldwide is sufficient to feed all the
world’s people today. Why do famines nevertheless occur?
A) food production is insufficient in some local areas
B) logging destroys agricultural land
C) worldwide transportation of food is inadequate
D) severe local shortage of firewood affects the ability to cook
E) food production is insufficient in some local areas and worldwide
transportation of food is inadequ
The document is a practice exam for an environmental science course. It contains 50 multiple choice questions covering various topics in environmental science, including the scientific method, ecosystems, population growth, energy sources, water resources, air pollution, climate change, and environmental economics. The questions assess understanding of key concepts and issues addressed in the course textbook. An answer key is provided to check responses to the exam questions.
SCI 256 Final Exam Answers
FINAL EXAM TEST
1. According to the Environmental Science text, the environmental statement of the
1990s was “saving our planet”. Is earth’s very survival really in danger?
A) no, because in the long view, the changes humans have made to earth will be
cleansed by natural processes
B) no, because sustainability refers only to the next 2 generations of humans
C) yes, because resources are becoming really sparse
D) yes, because energy will run out
E) none of these
2. The total amount of food produced each year worldwide is sufficient to feed all the
world’s people today. Why do famines nevertheless occur?
A) food production is insufficient in some local areas
B) logging destroys agricultural land
C) worldwide transportation of food is inadequate
D) severe local shortage of firewood affects the ability to cook
E) food production is insufficient in some local areas and worldwide
transportation of food is inadequ
SCI 256 Final Exam Answers
FINAL EXAM TEST
1. According to the Environmental Science text, the environmental statement of the
1990s was “saving our planet”. Is earth’s very survival really in danger?
A) no, because in the long view, the changes humans have made to earth will be
cleansed by natural processes
B) no, because sustainability refers only to the next 2 generations of humans
C) yes, because resources are becoming really sparse
D) yes, because energy will run out
E) none of these
2. The total amount of food produced each year worldwide is sufficient to feed all the
world’s people today. Why do famines nevertheless occur?
A) food production is insufficient in some local areas
B) logging destroys agricultural land
C) worldwide transportation of food is inadequate
D) severe local shortage of firewood affects the ability to cook
E) food production is insufficient in some local areas and worldwide
transportation of food is inadequ
SCI 256 Final Exam Answers
FINAL EXAM TEST
1. According to the Environmental Science text, the environmental statement of the
1990s was “saving our planet”. Is earth’s very survival really in danger?
A) no, because in the long view, the changes humans have made to earth will be
cleansed by natural processes
B) no, because sustainability refers only to the next 2 generations of humans
C) yes, because resources are becoming really sparse
D) yes, because energy will run out
E) none of these
2. The total amount of food produced each year worldwide is sufficient to feed all the
world’s people today. Why do famines nevertheless occur?
A) food production is insufficient in some local areas
B) logging destroys agricultural land
C) worldwide transportation of food is inadequate
D) severe local shortage of firewood affects the ability to cook
E) food production is insufficient in some local areas and worldwide
transportation of food is inadequ
SCI 256 Final Exam Answers
FINAL EXAM TEST
1. According to the Environmental Science text, the environmental statement of the
1990s was “saving our planet”. Is earth’s very survival really in danger?
A) no, because in the long view, the changes humans have made to earth will be
cleansed by natural processes
B) no, because sustainability refers only to the next 2 generations of humans
C) yes, because resources are becoming really sparse
D) yes, because energy will run out
E) none of these
2. The total amount of food produced each year worldwide is sufficient to feed all the
world’s people today. Why do famines nevertheless occur?
A) food production is insufficient in some local areas
B) logging destroys agricultural land
C) worldwide transportation of food is inadequate
D) severe local shortage of firewood affects the ability to cook
E) food production is insufficient in some local areas and worldwide
transportation of food is inadequ
SCI 256 Final Exam Answers
FINAL EXAM TEST
1. According to the Environmental Science text, the environmental statement of the
1990s was “saving our planet”. Is earth’s very survival really in danger?
A) no, because in the long view, the changes humans have made to earth will be
cleansed by natural processes
B)
The document is a practice exam for an environmental science course. It contains 50 multiple choice questions covering various topics in environmental science, including the scientific method, ecosystems, population growth, energy sources, water resources, air pollution, climate change, and environmental economics. The questions assess understanding of key concepts and theories presented in an environmental science textbook. An answer key is provided to check responses to the exam questions.
SCI 256 Final Exam Answers
FINAL EXAM TEST
1. According to the Environmental Science text, the environmental statement of the
1990s was “saving our planet”. Is earth’s very survival really in danger?
A) no, because in the long view, the changes humans have made to earth will be
cleansed by natural processes
B) no, because sustainability refers only to the next 2 generations of humans
C) yes, because resources are becoming really sparse
D) yes, because energy will run out
E) none of these
2. The total amount of food produced each year worldwide is sufficient to feed all the
world’s people today. Why do famines nevertheless occur?
A) food production is insufficient in some local areas
B) logging destroys agricultural land
C) worldwide transportation of food is inadequate
D) severe local shortage of firewood affects the ability to cook
E) food production is insufficient in some local areas and worldwide
transportation of food is inadequ
The document is a practice exam for an environmental science course. It contains 50 multiple choice questions covering various topics in environmental science, including the scientific method, ecosystems, population growth, energy sources, water resources, air pollution, climate change, and environmental economics. The questions assess understanding of key concepts and issues addressed in the course textbook. An answer key is provided to check responses to the exam questions.
SCI 256 Final Exam Answers
FINAL EXAM TEST
1. According to the Environmental Science text, the environmental statement of the
1990s was “saving our planet”. Is earth’s very survival really in danger?
A) no, because in the long view, the changes humans have made to earth will be
cleansed by natural processes
B) no, because sustainability refers only to the next 2 generations of humans
C) yes, because resources are becoming really sparse
D) yes, because energy will run out
E) none of these
2. The total amount of food produced each year worldwide is sufficient to feed all the
world’s people today. Why do famines nevertheless occur?
A) food production is insufficient in some local areas
B) logging destroys agricultural land
C) worldwide transportation of food is inadequate
D) severe local shortage of firewood affects the ability to cook
E) food production is insufficient in some local areas and worldwide
transportation of food is inadequ
SCI 256 Final Exam Answers
FINAL EXAM TEST
1. According to the Environmental Science text, the environmental statement of the
1990s was “saving our planet”. Is earth’s very survival really in danger?
A) no, because in the long view, the changes humans have made to earth will be
cleansed by natural processes
B) no, because sustainability refers only to the next 2 generations of humans
C) yes, because resources are becoming really sparse
D) yes, because energy will run out
E) none of these
2. The total amount of food produced each year worldwide is sufficient to feed all the
world’s people today. Why do famines nevertheless occur?
A) food production is insufficient in some local areas
B) logging destroys agricultural land
C) worldwide transportation of food is inadequate
D) severe local shortage of firewood affects the ability to cook
E) food production is insufficient in some local areas and worldwide
transportation of food is inadequ
SCI 256 Final Exam Answers
FINAL EXAM TEST
1. According to the Environmental Science text, the environmental statement of the
1990s was “saving our planet”. Is earth’s very survival really in danger?
A) no, because in the long view, the changes humans have made to earth will be
cleansed by natural processes
B)
SCI 256 Final Exam Answers
FINAL EXAM TEST
1. According to the Environmental Science text, the environmental statement of the
1990s was “saving our planet”. Is earth’s very survival really in danger?
A) no, because in the long view, the changes humans have made to earth will be
cleansed by natural processes
B) no, because sustainability refers only to the next 2 generations of humans
C) yes, because resources are becoming really sparse
D) yes, because energy will run out
E) none of these
2. The total amount of food produced each year worldwide is sufficient to feed all the
world’s people today. Why do famines nevertheless occur?
A) food production is insufficient in some local areas
B) logging destroys agricultural land
C) worldwide transportation of food is inadequate
D) severe local shortage of firewood affects the ability to cook
E) food production is insufficient in some local areas and worldwide
transportation of food is inadequ
SCI 256 Final Exam Answers
FINAL EXAM TEST
1. According to the Environmental Science text, the environmental statement of the
1990s was “saving our planet”. Is earth’s very survival really in danger?
A) no, because in the long view, the changes humans have made to earth will be
cleansed by natural processes
B) no, because sustainability refers only to the next 2 generations of humans
C) yes, because resources are becoming really sparse
D) yes, because energy will run out
E) none of these
2. The total amount of food produced each year worldwide is sufficient to feed all the
world’s people today. Why do famines nevertheless occur?
A) food production is insufficient in some local areas
B) logging destroys agricultural land
C) worldwide transportation of food is inadequate
D) severe local shortage of firewood affects the ability to cook
E) food production is insufficient in some local areas and worldwide
transportation of food is inadequ
SCI 256 Final Exam Answers
FINAL EXAM TEST
1. According to the Environmental Science text, the environmental statement of the
1990s was “saving our planet”. Is earth’s very survival really in danger?
A) no, because in the long view, the changes humans have made to earth will be
cleansed by natural processes
B) no, because sustainability refers only to the next 2 generations of humans
C) yes, because resources are becoming really sparse
D) yes, because energy will run out
E) none of these
2. The total amount of food produced each year worldwide is sufficient to feed all the
world’s people today. Why do famines nevertheless occur?
A) food production is insufficient in some local areas
B) logging destroys agricultural land
C) worldwide transportation of food is inadequate
D) severe local shortage of firewood affects the ability to cook
E) food production is insufficient in some local areas and worldwide
transportation of food is inadequ
SCI 256 Final Exam Answers
FINAL EXAM TEST
1. According to the Environmental Science text, the environmental statement of the
1990s was “saving our planet”. Is earth’s very survival really in danger?
A) no, because in the long view, the changes humans have made to earth will be
cleansed by natural processes
B) no, because sustainability refers only to the next 2 generations of humans
C) yes, because resources are becoming really sparse
D) yes, because energy will run out
E) none of these
2. The total amount of food produced each year worldwide is sufficient to feed all the
world’s people today. Why do famines nevertheless occur?
A) food production is insufficient in some local areas
B) logging destroys agricultural land
C) worldwide transportation of food is inadequate
D) severe local shortage of firewood affects the ability to cook
E) food production is insufficient in some local areas and worldwide
transportation of food is inadequ
EXAM 1 STUDY GUIDE CONSIDER LECTURES UP TO 26 FEB and TEXT Bgalinagrabow44ms
The document is a study guide for Exam 1 that covers lectures up to 26 Feb and textbook chapters through Module 4.1 (Human Populations). It includes 52 multiple choice questions testing knowledge of key concepts like biodiversity, population growth, carrying capacity, keystone species, and human impacts on the environment. Students are asked to define terms, analyze case studies, interpret graphs/figures, and explain relationships between abiotic and biotic factors that shape ecosystems.
This document contains 50 multiple choice questions related to ecology and environmental science. The questions cover a wide range of topics including biotic and abiotic factors, food webs and energy transfer between trophic levels, population dynamics, ecosystem structure and interactions, and species adaptations. Correct answers are provided for each question to test understanding of key concepts.
BIOL 143
Exam 3 (ch13, 18, 28)
Chapter 13
1) Natural selection can be defined as ______.
A) the evolution of a population of organisms
B) a process in which changes in gene frequencies result from evolution
C) the production of more offspring than can survive in a given environment
D) a process in which organisms with certain inherited traits are more likely to survive and reproduce than individuals with other traits
2) What did Darwin find in South America that suggested that the Andes mountains had been gradually lifted up over millions of years?
A) bird fossils at the top of mountains in Argentina
B) dinosaur bones in the Amazon basin
C) marine snail fossils high up in the Andes mountains
D) impressions of ocean waves at the top of a mountain
3) Which of the following is a component of the fossil record?
A) the distribution of murid rodents in Australia and Asia
B) the similarity of the forelimbs of cats and bats
C) molecular sequences
D) bones of extinct whales
4) The oldest known fossils are from about ______ years ago.
A) 3.5 billion
B) 6,000
C) 4.0 million
D) 1.0 billion
5) Homology is evidence of ______.
A) biogeography
B) convergent evolution
C) natural selection
D) common ancestry
6) Which of the following is a population?
A) the termites infesting your house along with the microorganisms living in their guts
B) all of the termites that have ever lived
C) all organisms living in your house
D) the termites infesting your house
7) Which of the following is likely to be the result of polygenic inheritance?
A) freckles
B) an extra finger
C) human height
D) ABO blood type
8) Genetic drift is the result of ______.
A) natural selection
B) chance
C) a large gene pool
D) environmental variation
9) Gene flow is accomplished by ______.
A) migration
B) sexual recombination
C) mutation
D) natural selection
10) What does evolutionary fitness measure?
A) physical health
B) longevity
C) relative reproductive success
D) population size
11) Which of the following is an example of directional selection?
A) The birth weight at which newborn humans are most likely to survive and the average weight of newborn humans are about the same.
B) There is an increase in antibiotic-resistant strains of bacteria.
C) There is an increase in the number of different breeds of dog.
D) Garter snakes with different coloration patterns behave differently when threatened.
12) Which of the following is an example of disruptive selection?
A) The birth weight at which newborn humans are most likely to survive and the average weight of newborn humans are about the same.
B) There is an increase in antibiotic-resistant strains of bacteria.
C) There is an increase in the number of different breeds of dog.
D) Garter snakes with different coloration patterns behave differently when threatened.
13) Which of the following is most likely to decrease genetic variation?
A) directional selection
B) mutation
C) stabilizing ...
Unit 1 Examination38GED 108 Environmental ScienceM.docxmarilucorr
This document contains a multiple choice examination for an environmental science course. It includes 25 questions testing knowledge of topics like population growth trends, ecosystem services, natural resource use, water cycles, soil composition, agriculture, and fossil fuel production. The questions require choosing the best answer from several options to demonstrate understanding of key environmental science concepts.
This document discusses ecosystems and their components. It defines key terms like ecosystem, ecological niche, food chain, food web, trophic levels, and ecological pyramids. It also briefly outlines different types of ecosystems like terrestrial, estuarine, ocean, and freshwater. Finally, it presents some sample multiple choice questions and answers about ecosystems, food chains, and biogeochemical cycles.
1. An example of primary productivity would beA. a wild raspsandibabcock
1. An example of primary productivity would be
A. a wild raspberry plant growing 30 grams of new leaf mass during a day of photosynthesis.
B. a young oriole growing 10 grams of muscle during a feeding trip to a raspberry bush.
C. a young hawk growing 10 more grams of body mass by killing and eating a young oriole.
D. more than one of the above.
2. Diversity refers to
A. number of different species present
B. number of ecological niches
C. amount of genetic diversity
D. all of the above
3. An ecosystem consists of
A. A physical environment within which a biological community lives
B. The species with which a biological community interacts
C. A biological community and its physical environment
D. The primary producers within a biological community
E. All the species in a biological community
4. A keystone species is a species whose presence
A. Is the main reason a community exists
B. Provides food for all other species in a community
C. Is an indicator of environmental health
D. Influences the population size of many other species in its community
E. Is always at the top of the trophic levels as a top predator
5. Biomass includes all
A. Material in an ecosystem
B. Things that are living at a given time
C. Living and nonliving things
D. Matter produced by primary producers
E. Biological material
6. No two species can occupy the same ecological niche as one species will outcompete the other one.
A. True
B. False
7. Succession can produce changes in soil, degree of shade, available moisture, and species membership of a community.
A True
B False
8. Cheetahs can run extremely fast because
A. They need to run extremely fast in order to catch their prey
B. An ancestor that was able to run fast had an advantage and passed those genes on to its offspring
C. Over time they gradually built up speed as they adapted to faster and faster prey species
D. They are competing with stronger lions and hyenas for their food so they need to be fast
E. All of these are reasons cheetahs can run extremely fast
9. Most organisms' niches are controlled by
A. Genetic determinants
B. Lessons learned from parents
C. Behavior learned from others in their social groups
D. Luck
E. The predators and competitors they encounter
10. A biological community's productivity is a measure of
A. Its number of species
B. The number of individuals in the community
C. Available solar energy that can be converted to biomass
D. The amount of biomass produced in the community
E. All of these are combined in measuring a community's productivity
11. Primary succession occurs when a community develops ____________ while secondary succession occurs when one ________.
A. Into a climax community; species replaces another
B. And replaces another; ecosystem becomes stable
C. On unoccupied ground; biological community replaces another
D. And then fails; niche changes
E. Intraspecific competition; experiences inte ...
1. An example of primary productivity would beA. a wild raspberrsandibabcock
1. An example of primary productivity would be
A. a wild raspberry plant growing 30 grams of new leaf mass during a day of photosynthesis.
B. a young oriole growing 10 grams of muscle during a feeding trip to a raspberry bush.
C. a young hawk growing 10 more grams of body mass by killing and eating a young oriole.
D. more than one of the above.
2. Diversity refers to
A. number of different species present
B. number of ecological niches
C. amount of genetic diversity
D. all of the above
3. An ecosystem consists of
A. A physical environment within which a biological community lives
B. The species with which a biological community interacts
C. A biological community and its physical environment
D. The primary producers within a biological community
E. All the species in a biological community
4. A keystone species is a species whose presence
A. Is the main reason a community exists
B. Provides food for all other species in a community
C. Is an indicator of environmental health
D. Influences the population size of many other species in its community
E. Is always at the top of the trophic levels as a top predator
5. Biomass includes all
A. Material in an ecosystem
B. Things that are living at a given time
C. Living and nonliving things
D. Matter produced by primary producers
E. Biological material
6. No two species can occupy the same ecological niche as one species will outcompete the other one.
A. True
B. False
7. Succession can produce changes in soil, degree of shade, available moisture, and species membership of a community.
A True
B False
8. Cheetahs can run extremely fast because
A. They need to run extremely fast in order to catch their prey
B. An ancestor that was able to run fast had an advantage and passed those genes on to its offspring
C. Over time they gradually built up speed as they adapted to faster and faster prey species
D. They are competing with stronger lions and hyenas for their food so they need to be fast
E. All of these are reasons cheetahs can run extremely fast
9. Most organisms' niches are controlled by
A. Genetic determinants
B. Lessons learned from parents
C. Behavior learned from others in their social groups
D. Luck
E. The predators and competitors they encounter
10. A biological community's productivity is a measure of
A. Its number of species
B. The number of individuals in the community
C. Available solar energy that can be converted to biomass
D. The amount of biomass produced in the community
E. All of these are combined in measuring a community's productivity
11. Primary succession occurs when a community develops ____________ while secondary succession occurs when one ________.
A. Into a climax community; species replaces another
B. And replaces another; ecosystem becomes stable
C. On unoccupied ground; biological community replaces another
D. And then fails; niche changes
E. Intraspecific competition; experiences interspecific competitio ...
Please write your answers in the spaces following the questions. .docxLeilaniPoolsy
Please write your answers in the spaces following the questions.
You may use your text book for this exam. But please work individually.
It is due on Monday the last day of class.
Name
1) According to the Environmental Science text, the underlying issue underlying all environmental problems is:
a) the rapid growth in human population
b) the refusal of developing nations to stop using CFCs
c) the Greenhouse Effect
d) contaminated soil and drinking water
e) our generation does not have a global perspective on environmental problems and how to solve them
Answer
2) List the six unifying themes in environmental science introduced in the first chapter of the textbook.
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
3) One distinction between (A) science and (B) religion, ethics, and morals is that scientific statements are:
a) disprovable
b) universally accepted
c) inference
d) deductive
e) numerical
Answer
4) Like the Scientific Method, the process of making decisions can be presented as a series of steps. List these steps, as enumerated in the textbook.
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
5)
The flooding disaster of the Missouri River is a good example of
a) a materially closed system
b) a human attempt to control a natural ecological system
c) misuse of the carrying capacity of the environment
d) overpopulation of an environment
e) a natural fixed ecological system
Answer
6) The growth rate at which the amount increases at a constant rate for a fixed unit of time is called:
a) linear growth
b) negative feedback
c) exponential growth
d) positive feedback
e) equilibrium
Answer
7) Which of the following examples describes the maximum number of a particular species that an environment can support without degrading the environment?
a) demographic transition
b) replacement fertility curve
c) logistic growth curve
d) sustainability
e) carrying capacity
Answer
8) Which of the following examples describes the movement of a nation from a high population growth to a low population growth?
a) demographic transition
b) replacement fertility curve
c) logistic growth curve
d) sustainability
e) carrying capacity
Answer
9) An ecological community is:
a) a set of interacting species that occur in the same place
b) a system of interdependent living and nonliving components in a given area over a given period of time
c) a system based on the living environment
d) the smallest group that has all characteristics necessary to sustain life
e) the total physical and chemical environment of a continent
Answer
10)
The most basic processes in an ecosystem are:
a) photosynthesis and respiration
b) transport and storage of food
c) trophic chains and storage of food
d) flow of energy and cycling of chemical elements
e) waste decomposition and cycling of energy
Answer
11) The reservoirs and pathways that any chemical element follows through the Earth’s system is called the:
a) carbon cycle
b) nitrogen cycle
c) hydrologic cycle
d) geological cycle
e) biogeochemical cycle
Answe.
Which of the following is a renewable resourceA. Minerals.docxlashandaotley
Which of the following is a renewable resource?
A.
Minerals
B.
Fossil fuels
C.
Land
D.
Wind
2.
Which of the following examples of an ecological study involves the ecosystem level of organization?
A.
The effects of competition on survival
B.
The effects of a disease on population size
C.
The effects of an invasive plant species on bird nesting sites
D.
The effects of human activities on biogeochemical cycling
3.
The nitrogen utilized by
most
plants is derived from
A.
the atmosphere.
B.
nitrogen gas.
C.
soil.
D.
decayed organic matter.
4.
Which one of the following conditions is an example of resource partitioning?
A.
A species of butterfly and a species of bee that pollinate the same flower
B.
Two species of birds that eat fruit from the same tree
C.
Two species of squirrels—one that eats acorns from the branches and one that eats acorns that have fallen to the ground
D.
Two species of mice—one that eats seeds and the other that eats insects
5.
Which one of the following phrases describes many countries within Asia and Africa?
A.
LDCs experiencing rapid population growth
B.
LDCs experiencing slow population growth
C.
MDCs experiencing rapid population growth
D.
MDCs experiencing slow population growth
6.
A source from which organisms generally take elements is called a/an
A.
reservoir.
B.
biotic community.
C.
exchange pool.
D.
food web.
7.
Which of the following was one result of the Green Revolution?
A.
An increased reliance on polyculture agriculture
B.
The protection of species diversity
C.
An increase in the yield of crops for less-developed countries
D.
The conservation of topsoil
8.
Which one of the following interspecies relationships has a negative effect on both species?
A.
Predation
B.
Parasitism
C.
Competition
D.
Commensalism
9.
Which of the following factors will have a greater impact on a population as the density of that
population increases?
A.
Natural disaster
B.
Climate
C.
Weather
D.
Predation
10.
Study the following food chain:
grass → snakes → rabbits → hawks.
From this chain, you can
correctly assume that each population
A.
is a carnivore.
B.
is always larger than the one before it.
C.
is a species of herbivore.
D.
supports the next trophic level.
11.
The life history pattern in which population growth is logistic is called
A.
biotic potential.
B.
opportunistic pattern.
C.
equilibrium pattern.
D.
population density.
12.
Modern fishing practices threaten biodiversity mainly through the
A.
accidental capture of unwanted species.
B.
chemical poisoning of the water.
C.
physical destruction of marine habitats.
D.
removal of community food supplies.
13.
In which of the following relationships do both species benefit?
End of exam
A.
Mutualism
B.
Commensalism
C.
Parasitism
D.
Competition
14.
A complex of interconnected food chains in an ecosystem is called a/an
A.
food web.
B.
ecosys.
1) If atmospheric carbon dioxide was eliminated from our atmospher.docxhirstcruz
1) If atmospheric carbon dioxide was eliminated from our atmosphere, we would expect that the
Earth would:
A) cool considerably and photosynthesis would dramatically increase
B) cool considerably and photosynthesis would dramatically decrease
C) heat up considerably and photosynthesis would dramatically increase
D) heat up considerably and photosynthesis would dramatically decrease
2) Which of the following is a correlation that is causing widespread concern?
A) As atmospheric oxygen levels decline, the ozone layer is being destroyed.
B) As atmospheric carbon dioxide levels decline, the ozone layer is being destroyed.
C) As levels of methane decline, average global temperatures are increasing.
D) As levels of carbon dioxide increase, average global temperatures are increasing.
3) Which of the following is part of natural capital but not ecosystem capital?
A) solar energy used to drive photosynthesis throughout the biosphere
B) coal and oil reserves
C) the production of electrical energy from wind turbines and dams
D) the genetic diversity of all plants and animals used in modern agriculture
4) From an ecological economist’s perspective, without sustainability, as economies grow:
A) gross national product grows too
B) natural resources are renewed
C) the natural world is depleted
D) natural ecosystems are replenished
5) Natural capital includes ecosystem capital plus:
A) natural forms of energy, such as solar, wind, and flowing water
B) nonrenewable resources such as fossil fuels
C) money available to invest in growing industry
D) all of the products of photosynthesis in the biosphere
6) The concept of sustainability requires that:
A) economic growth does not exceed the renewal of natural capital
B) all sources of energy used in an economy must come from the sun
C) global economic systems are based on the harvesting of natural products
D) economies use equal portions of land, labor, and capital
7) Uncertain about the best way to keep his new lizard alive, Jerome places a heat lamp at one
end of the long lizard cage. Over several days, Jerome notices that the lizard tends to sit in a
certain place when the lamp is on. The lizard’s selection of a particular place to stay
represents its:
A) range of tolerance
B) temperature optimum
C) biotic conditioning
D) use of a limited resource
8) As global climate change warms certain mountain ranges, the temperature optima for the insect
species living on the mountain is causing these insects to:
A) move higher up the mountain
B) move down the mountain
C) move to a new biome
D) become parasitic
9) Energy is lost as it moves from one trophic level to the next because:
A) one trophic level does not consume the entire trophic level below it
B) some of the calories consumed drive cellular activities and do not add mass
C) some ingested materials are undigested and eliminated
D) All of the above.
10) In general, biomes at.
1) The Millennium Ecosystem Assessment primarily characterized human.docxNarcisaBrandenburg70
1) The Millennium Ecosystem Assessment primarily characterized human impact on:
A) atmospheric carbon dioxide levels
B) degradation of the ozone layer
C) ecosystem services
D) plate tectonics
2) The Fourth Assessment Report, released in 2007 concluded that global climate change is
caused at least in part by the:
A) human use of fossil fuels to generate electricity and power engines
B) human use of chlorofluorocarbons in refrigeration systems
C) harvesting of millions of acres of corn, wheat, and soybeans around the world every year
D) depletion of groundwater supplies
3) Carbon dioxide in the atmosphere contributes to global warming by:
A) transmitting visible light and absorbing infrared radiation
B) transmitting infrared radiation and absorbing visible light
C) transmitting infrared radiation and visible light
D) absorbing infrared radiation and visible light
4) The Doha Round of WTO meetings have failed to reach agreement about:
A) currency exchange
B) converting the economies of developed nation from green to brown
C) farm subsidies and trade barriers
D) how to control public protests at future WTO meetings
5) The classical economic paradigm and the new ecological economic paradigm differ in the way
that:
A) each views the land, either as a resource within the human economy (classical) or as
something that encompasses the economy (ecological)
B) the value of capital is assessed, either in dollars (classical) or as resources that can
be mined from the Earth (ecological)
C) labor is determined, either as the number of people who are unemployed, not
counting farmers (classical), or the number of people who are unemployed counting
farmers (ecological)
D) labor and capital are assessed, either counting the total labor and capital resources
available (classical) or that which is in use in operations (ecological)
6) The ecological economic paradigm argues that the environment encompasses the economy
because the environment is essential to provide:
A) the energy necessary to run our homes and factories.
B) solar energy needed for plants and to light our environment during the day.
C) transportation along highways, railways, rivers, and oceans.
D) vital raw materials and ecosystem services and absorb wastes.
7) The ecological economists’ view emphasizes the role of:
A) amount and quality of capital available to industry.
B) abundance of well-trained, well-educated labor that is available.
C) natural ecosystems.
D) public’s understanding of the natural environment.
8) In some deserts, there are mice and lizards that are about the same size. The mice eat grains
and the lizards feed on insects. Given this information, we would expect that the biomass of the:
A) lizards would be about the same as the mice.
B) lizards would be greater than the mice.
C) mice would be greater than the lizards.
D) lizards and mice would be about 10 times greater than the organisms that they consume.
9) Why are there so fe.
ECS111 P SEALEY EXAM 2 STUDY QUESTIONS 2019 1 .docxtidwellveronique
ECS111 P SEALEY EXAM 2 STUDY QUESTIONS 2019
1
EXAM 2 IS TUESDAY APRIL 9th, 2019
REVIEW ESFCW CHAPTERS 5 and 6
EXAM 2 is worth 15 POINTS
1. Which of the following statements is an example of climate?
a. The temperature today is unusually cold for this time of year.
b. Heavy local rains caused flooding in low-lying areas.
c. Long winters and hot, humid summers are typical of the upper Midwest.
d. If the drought in Oklahoma continues next year, it will be the worst since the Dust Bowl.
e. High humidity intensifies the oppressive heat.
2. The evolution of the average behavior of the Earth’s atmosphere over time is called
a. weather. b. climate.
c. climate change. d. hurricanes.
e. stratospheric migration.
3. Components of the climate system do not include
a. the sun. b. oceans.
c. glaciers. d. the atmosphere.
e. cosmic rays.
4. What is e-waste and why is it a concern?
5. Which of the following is not a driver in Earth’s climate?
a. The gravitational pull of the moon b. The sun
c. Ocean currents d. Carbon dioxide in the atmosphere
e. Clouds
6. Which of the following statements concerning the composition of the atmosphere is true?
a. Water consistently is the gas present in the highest concentrations.
b. N2 and O2 concentrations tend to be variable.
c. CO2 is present in the lowest concentration of all gases.
d. Methane concentration is about 17 parts per million by volume.
e. Carbon monoxide concentration is 388 parts per million.
7. What is the difference between a sanitary land fill and an open dump? Does garbage decompose more quickly in a
sanitary landfill?
8. If you were to measure the composition of the atmosphere across the globe, the composition would be relatively
constant except for
a. nitrogen and oxygen.
b. oxygen and helium.
c. helium and carbon dioxide.
d. carbon dioxide and water vapor.
e. water vapor and ozone.
9. Ozone exists mostly
a. in the stratosphere. b. underground in reservoirs.
c. dissolved in water. d. in the cryosphere.
e. None of the above
ECS111 P SEALEY EXAM 2 STUDY QUESTIONS 2019
2
10. Incident ultraviolet radiation from the sun is blocked by
a. clouds. b. sulfur dioxide.
c. chlorofluorocarbons. d. methane.
e. ozone.
11. Are most plastics degradable, biodegradable or non-degradable waste? How well do plastics break down?
12. The greatest quantity of fresh water is held in
a. rivers. b. lakes. c. ground water. d. oceans. e. glaciers and ice caps.
13. Which of the following does not play a role in reflecting incident sunlight back into space?
a. Methane b. Ice
c. Clouds d. Sulfur oxides
e. Particulate matter suspended in the atmosphere
14. Other than CO2, what greenhouse gas has the longest lifetime in the atmosphere?
a. Nitrous oxide b. Ozone
c. CFCs d. Methane
e. Both a and c
15. Without the greenhouse effect, the atm.
The document is an exam for the Environmental Systems Standard Level course, consisting of 30 multiple choice questions testing various concepts related to environmental science. Some of the topics covered include population ecology, energy flow, greenhouse gases, the carbon and nitrogen cycles, and atmospheric structure. The exam is 45 minutes long and candidates are instructed to choose the single best answer for each question and mark their choice on an answer sheet.
Thinking of getting a dog? Be aware that breeds like Pit Bulls, Rottweilers, and German Shepherds can be loyal and dangerous. Proper training and socialization are crucial to preventing aggressive behaviors. Ensure safety by understanding their needs and always supervising interactions. Stay safe, and enjoy your furry friends!
SCI 256 Final Exam Answers
FINAL EXAM TEST
1. According to the Environmental Science text, the environmental statement of the
1990s was “saving our planet”. Is earth’s very survival really in danger?
A) no, because in the long view, the changes humans have made to earth will be
cleansed by natural processes
B) no, because sustainability refers only to the next 2 generations of humans
C) yes, because resources are becoming really sparse
D) yes, because energy will run out
E) none of these
2. The total amount of food produced each year worldwide is sufficient to feed all the
world’s people today. Why do famines nevertheless occur?
A) food production is insufficient in some local areas
B) logging destroys agricultural land
C) worldwide transportation of food is inadequate
D) severe local shortage of firewood affects the ability to cook
E) food production is insufficient in some local areas and worldwide
transportation of food is inadequ
SCI 256 Final Exam Answers
FINAL EXAM TEST
1. According to the Environmental Science text, the environmental statement of the
1990s was “saving our planet”. Is earth’s very survival really in danger?
A) no, because in the long view, the changes humans have made to earth will be
cleansed by natural processes
B) no, because sustainability refers only to the next 2 generations of humans
C) yes, because resources are becoming really sparse
D) yes, because energy will run out
E) none of these
2. The total amount of food produced each year worldwide is sufficient to feed all the
world’s people today. Why do famines nevertheless occur?
A) food production is insufficient in some local areas
B) logging destroys agricultural land
C) worldwide transportation of food is inadequate
D) severe local shortage of firewood affects the ability to cook
E) food production is insufficient in some local areas and worldwide
transportation of food is inadequ
SCI 256 Final Exam Answers
FINAL EXAM TEST
1. According to the Environmental Science text, the environmental statement of the
1990s was “saving our planet”. Is earth’s very survival really in danger?
A) no, because in the long view, the changes humans have made to earth will be
cleansed by natural processes
B)
SCI 256 Final Exam Answers
FINAL EXAM TEST
1. According to the Environmental Science text, the environmental statement of the
1990s was “saving our planet”. Is earth’s very survival really in danger?
A) no, because in the long view, the changes humans have made to earth will be
cleansed by natural processes
B) no, because sustainability refers only to the next 2 generations of humans
C) yes, because resources are becoming really sparse
D) yes, because energy will run out
E) none of these
2. The total amount of food produced each year worldwide is sufficient to feed all the
world’s people today. Why do famines nevertheless occur?
A) food production is insufficient in some local areas
B) logging destroys agricultural land
C) worldwide transportation of food is inadequate
D) severe local shortage of firewood affects the ability to cook
E) food production is insufficient in some local areas and worldwide
transportation of food is inadequ
SCI 256 Final Exam Answers
FINAL EXAM TEST
1. According to the Environmental Science text, the environmental statement of the
1990s was “saving our planet”. Is earth’s very survival really in danger?
A) no, because in the long view, the changes humans have made to earth will be
cleansed by natural processes
B) no, because sustainability refers only to the next 2 generations of humans
C) yes, because resources are becoming really sparse
D) yes, because energy will run out
E) none of these
2. The total amount of food produced each year worldwide is sufficient to feed all the
world’s people today. Why do famines nevertheless occur?
A) food production is insufficient in some local areas
B) logging destroys agricultural land
C) worldwide transportation of food is inadequate
D) severe local shortage of firewood affects the ability to cook
E) food production is insufficient in some local areas and worldwide
transportation of food is inadequ
SCI 256 Final Exam Answers
FINAL EXAM TEST
1. According to the Environmental Science text, the environmental statement of the
1990s was “saving our planet”. Is earth’s very survival really in danger?
A) no, because in the long view, the changes humans have made to earth will be
cleansed by natural processes
B) no, because sustainability refers only to the next 2 generations of humans
C) yes, because resources are becoming really sparse
D) yes, because energy will run out
E) none of these
2. The total amount of food produced each year worldwide is sufficient to feed all the
world’s people today. Why do famines nevertheless occur?
A) food production is insufficient in some local areas
B) logging destroys agricultural land
C) worldwide transportation of food is inadequate
D) severe local shortage of firewood affects the ability to cook
E) food production is insufficient in some local areas and worldwide
transportation of food is inadequ
SCI 256 Final Exam Answers
FINAL EXAM TEST
1. According to the Environmental Science text, the environmental statement of the
1990s was “saving our planet”. Is earth’s very survival really in danger?
A) no, because in the long view, the changes humans have made to earth will be
cleansed by natural processes
B) no, because sustainability refers only to the next 2 generations of humans
C) yes, because resources are becoming really sparse
D) yes, because energy will run out
E) none of these
2. The total amount of food produced each year worldwide is sufficient to feed all the
world’s people today. Why do famines nevertheless occur?
A) food production is insufficient in some local areas
B) logging destroys agricultural land
C) worldwide transportation of food is inadequate
D) severe local shortage of firewood affects the ability to cook
E) food production is insufficient in some local areas and worldwide
transportation of food is inadequ
EXAM 1 STUDY GUIDE CONSIDER LECTURES UP TO 26 FEB and TEXT Bgalinagrabow44ms
The document is a study guide for Exam 1 that covers lectures up to 26 Feb and textbook chapters through Module 4.1 (Human Populations). It includes 52 multiple choice questions testing knowledge of key concepts like biodiversity, population growth, carrying capacity, keystone species, and human impacts on the environment. Students are asked to define terms, analyze case studies, interpret graphs/figures, and explain relationships between abiotic and biotic factors that shape ecosystems.
This document contains 50 multiple choice questions related to ecology and environmental science. The questions cover a wide range of topics including biotic and abiotic factors, food webs and energy transfer between trophic levels, population dynamics, ecosystem structure and interactions, and species adaptations. Correct answers are provided for each question to test understanding of key concepts.
BIOL 143
Exam 3 (ch13, 18, 28)
Chapter 13
1) Natural selection can be defined as ______.
A) the evolution of a population of organisms
B) a process in which changes in gene frequencies result from evolution
C) the production of more offspring than can survive in a given environment
D) a process in which organisms with certain inherited traits are more likely to survive and reproduce than individuals with other traits
2) What did Darwin find in South America that suggested that the Andes mountains had been gradually lifted up over millions of years?
A) bird fossils at the top of mountains in Argentina
B) dinosaur bones in the Amazon basin
C) marine snail fossils high up in the Andes mountains
D) impressions of ocean waves at the top of a mountain
3) Which of the following is a component of the fossil record?
A) the distribution of murid rodents in Australia and Asia
B) the similarity of the forelimbs of cats and bats
C) molecular sequences
D) bones of extinct whales
4) The oldest known fossils are from about ______ years ago.
A) 3.5 billion
B) 6,000
C) 4.0 million
D) 1.0 billion
5) Homology is evidence of ______.
A) biogeography
B) convergent evolution
C) natural selection
D) common ancestry
6) Which of the following is a population?
A) the termites infesting your house along with the microorganisms living in their guts
B) all of the termites that have ever lived
C) all organisms living in your house
D) the termites infesting your house
7) Which of the following is likely to be the result of polygenic inheritance?
A) freckles
B) an extra finger
C) human height
D) ABO blood type
8) Genetic drift is the result of ______.
A) natural selection
B) chance
C) a large gene pool
D) environmental variation
9) Gene flow is accomplished by ______.
A) migration
B) sexual recombination
C) mutation
D) natural selection
10) What does evolutionary fitness measure?
A) physical health
B) longevity
C) relative reproductive success
D) population size
11) Which of the following is an example of directional selection?
A) The birth weight at which newborn humans are most likely to survive and the average weight of newborn humans are about the same.
B) There is an increase in antibiotic-resistant strains of bacteria.
C) There is an increase in the number of different breeds of dog.
D) Garter snakes with different coloration patterns behave differently when threatened.
12) Which of the following is an example of disruptive selection?
A) The birth weight at which newborn humans are most likely to survive and the average weight of newborn humans are about the same.
B) There is an increase in antibiotic-resistant strains of bacteria.
C) There is an increase in the number of different breeds of dog.
D) Garter snakes with different coloration patterns behave differently when threatened.
13) Which of the following is most likely to decrease genetic variation?
A) directional selection
B) mutation
C) stabilizing ...
Unit 1 Examination38GED 108 Environmental ScienceM.docxmarilucorr
This document contains a multiple choice examination for an environmental science course. It includes 25 questions testing knowledge of topics like population growth trends, ecosystem services, natural resource use, water cycles, soil composition, agriculture, and fossil fuel production. The questions require choosing the best answer from several options to demonstrate understanding of key environmental science concepts.
This document discusses ecosystems and their components. It defines key terms like ecosystem, ecological niche, food chain, food web, trophic levels, and ecological pyramids. It also briefly outlines different types of ecosystems like terrestrial, estuarine, ocean, and freshwater. Finally, it presents some sample multiple choice questions and answers about ecosystems, food chains, and biogeochemical cycles.
1. An example of primary productivity would beA. a wild raspsandibabcock
1. An example of primary productivity would be
A. a wild raspberry plant growing 30 grams of new leaf mass during a day of photosynthesis.
B. a young oriole growing 10 grams of muscle during a feeding trip to a raspberry bush.
C. a young hawk growing 10 more grams of body mass by killing and eating a young oriole.
D. more than one of the above.
2. Diversity refers to
A. number of different species present
B. number of ecological niches
C. amount of genetic diversity
D. all of the above
3. An ecosystem consists of
A. A physical environment within which a biological community lives
B. The species with which a biological community interacts
C. A biological community and its physical environment
D. The primary producers within a biological community
E. All the species in a biological community
4. A keystone species is a species whose presence
A. Is the main reason a community exists
B. Provides food for all other species in a community
C. Is an indicator of environmental health
D. Influences the population size of many other species in its community
E. Is always at the top of the trophic levels as a top predator
5. Biomass includes all
A. Material in an ecosystem
B. Things that are living at a given time
C. Living and nonliving things
D. Matter produced by primary producers
E. Biological material
6. No two species can occupy the same ecological niche as one species will outcompete the other one.
A. True
B. False
7. Succession can produce changes in soil, degree of shade, available moisture, and species membership of a community.
A True
B False
8. Cheetahs can run extremely fast because
A. They need to run extremely fast in order to catch their prey
B. An ancestor that was able to run fast had an advantage and passed those genes on to its offspring
C. Over time they gradually built up speed as they adapted to faster and faster prey species
D. They are competing with stronger lions and hyenas for their food so they need to be fast
E. All of these are reasons cheetahs can run extremely fast
9. Most organisms' niches are controlled by
A. Genetic determinants
B. Lessons learned from parents
C. Behavior learned from others in their social groups
D. Luck
E. The predators and competitors they encounter
10. A biological community's productivity is a measure of
A. Its number of species
B. The number of individuals in the community
C. Available solar energy that can be converted to biomass
D. The amount of biomass produced in the community
E. All of these are combined in measuring a community's productivity
11. Primary succession occurs when a community develops ____________ while secondary succession occurs when one ________.
A. Into a climax community; species replaces another
B. And replaces another; ecosystem becomes stable
C. On unoccupied ground; biological community replaces another
D. And then fails; niche changes
E. Intraspecific competition; experiences inte ...
1. An example of primary productivity would beA. a wild raspberrsandibabcock
1. An example of primary productivity would be
A. a wild raspberry plant growing 30 grams of new leaf mass during a day of photosynthesis.
B. a young oriole growing 10 grams of muscle during a feeding trip to a raspberry bush.
C. a young hawk growing 10 more grams of body mass by killing and eating a young oriole.
D. more than one of the above.
2. Diversity refers to
A. number of different species present
B. number of ecological niches
C. amount of genetic diversity
D. all of the above
3. An ecosystem consists of
A. A physical environment within which a biological community lives
B. The species with which a biological community interacts
C. A biological community and its physical environment
D. The primary producers within a biological community
E. All the species in a biological community
4. A keystone species is a species whose presence
A. Is the main reason a community exists
B. Provides food for all other species in a community
C. Is an indicator of environmental health
D. Influences the population size of many other species in its community
E. Is always at the top of the trophic levels as a top predator
5. Biomass includes all
A. Material in an ecosystem
B. Things that are living at a given time
C. Living and nonliving things
D. Matter produced by primary producers
E. Biological material
6. No two species can occupy the same ecological niche as one species will outcompete the other one.
A. True
B. False
7. Succession can produce changes in soil, degree of shade, available moisture, and species membership of a community.
A True
B False
8. Cheetahs can run extremely fast because
A. They need to run extremely fast in order to catch their prey
B. An ancestor that was able to run fast had an advantage and passed those genes on to its offspring
C. Over time they gradually built up speed as they adapted to faster and faster prey species
D. They are competing with stronger lions and hyenas for their food so they need to be fast
E. All of these are reasons cheetahs can run extremely fast
9. Most organisms' niches are controlled by
A. Genetic determinants
B. Lessons learned from parents
C. Behavior learned from others in their social groups
D. Luck
E. The predators and competitors they encounter
10. A biological community's productivity is a measure of
A. Its number of species
B. The number of individuals in the community
C. Available solar energy that can be converted to biomass
D. The amount of biomass produced in the community
E. All of these are combined in measuring a community's productivity
11. Primary succession occurs when a community develops ____________ while secondary succession occurs when one ________.
A. Into a climax community; species replaces another
B. And replaces another; ecosystem becomes stable
C. On unoccupied ground; biological community replaces another
D. And then fails; niche changes
E. Intraspecific competition; experiences interspecific competitio ...
Please write your answers in the spaces following the questions. .docxLeilaniPoolsy
Please write your answers in the spaces following the questions.
You may use your text book for this exam. But please work individually.
It is due on Monday the last day of class.
Name
1) According to the Environmental Science text, the underlying issue underlying all environmental problems is:
a) the rapid growth in human population
b) the refusal of developing nations to stop using CFCs
c) the Greenhouse Effect
d) contaminated soil and drinking water
e) our generation does not have a global perspective on environmental problems and how to solve them
Answer
2) List the six unifying themes in environmental science introduced in the first chapter of the textbook.
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
3) One distinction between (A) science and (B) religion, ethics, and morals is that scientific statements are:
a) disprovable
b) universally accepted
c) inference
d) deductive
e) numerical
Answer
4) Like the Scientific Method, the process of making decisions can be presented as a series of steps. List these steps, as enumerated in the textbook.
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
5)
The flooding disaster of the Missouri River is a good example of
a) a materially closed system
b) a human attempt to control a natural ecological system
c) misuse of the carrying capacity of the environment
d) overpopulation of an environment
e) a natural fixed ecological system
Answer
6) The growth rate at which the amount increases at a constant rate for a fixed unit of time is called:
a) linear growth
b) negative feedback
c) exponential growth
d) positive feedback
e) equilibrium
Answer
7) Which of the following examples describes the maximum number of a particular species that an environment can support without degrading the environment?
a) demographic transition
b) replacement fertility curve
c) logistic growth curve
d) sustainability
e) carrying capacity
Answer
8) Which of the following examples describes the movement of a nation from a high population growth to a low population growth?
a) demographic transition
b) replacement fertility curve
c) logistic growth curve
d) sustainability
e) carrying capacity
Answer
9) An ecological community is:
a) a set of interacting species that occur in the same place
b) a system of interdependent living and nonliving components in a given area over a given period of time
c) a system based on the living environment
d) the smallest group that has all characteristics necessary to sustain life
e) the total physical and chemical environment of a continent
Answer
10)
The most basic processes in an ecosystem are:
a) photosynthesis and respiration
b) transport and storage of food
c) trophic chains and storage of food
d) flow of energy and cycling of chemical elements
e) waste decomposition and cycling of energy
Answer
11) The reservoirs and pathways that any chemical element follows through the Earth’s system is called the:
a) carbon cycle
b) nitrogen cycle
c) hydrologic cycle
d) geological cycle
e) biogeochemical cycle
Answe.
Which of the following is a renewable resourceA. Minerals.docxlashandaotley
Which of the following is a renewable resource?
A.
Minerals
B.
Fossil fuels
C.
Land
D.
Wind
2.
Which of the following examples of an ecological study involves the ecosystem level of organization?
A.
The effects of competition on survival
B.
The effects of a disease on population size
C.
The effects of an invasive plant species on bird nesting sites
D.
The effects of human activities on biogeochemical cycling
3.
The nitrogen utilized by
most
plants is derived from
A.
the atmosphere.
B.
nitrogen gas.
C.
soil.
D.
decayed organic matter.
4.
Which one of the following conditions is an example of resource partitioning?
A.
A species of butterfly and a species of bee that pollinate the same flower
B.
Two species of birds that eat fruit from the same tree
C.
Two species of squirrels—one that eats acorns from the branches and one that eats acorns that have fallen to the ground
D.
Two species of mice—one that eats seeds and the other that eats insects
5.
Which one of the following phrases describes many countries within Asia and Africa?
A.
LDCs experiencing rapid population growth
B.
LDCs experiencing slow population growth
C.
MDCs experiencing rapid population growth
D.
MDCs experiencing slow population growth
6.
A source from which organisms generally take elements is called a/an
A.
reservoir.
B.
biotic community.
C.
exchange pool.
D.
food web.
7.
Which of the following was one result of the Green Revolution?
A.
An increased reliance on polyculture agriculture
B.
The protection of species diversity
C.
An increase in the yield of crops for less-developed countries
D.
The conservation of topsoil
8.
Which one of the following interspecies relationships has a negative effect on both species?
A.
Predation
B.
Parasitism
C.
Competition
D.
Commensalism
9.
Which of the following factors will have a greater impact on a population as the density of that
population increases?
A.
Natural disaster
B.
Climate
C.
Weather
D.
Predation
10.
Study the following food chain:
grass → snakes → rabbits → hawks.
From this chain, you can
correctly assume that each population
A.
is a carnivore.
B.
is always larger than the one before it.
C.
is a species of herbivore.
D.
supports the next trophic level.
11.
The life history pattern in which population growth is logistic is called
A.
biotic potential.
B.
opportunistic pattern.
C.
equilibrium pattern.
D.
population density.
12.
Modern fishing practices threaten biodiversity mainly through the
A.
accidental capture of unwanted species.
B.
chemical poisoning of the water.
C.
physical destruction of marine habitats.
D.
removal of community food supplies.
13.
In which of the following relationships do both species benefit?
End of exam
A.
Mutualism
B.
Commensalism
C.
Parasitism
D.
Competition
14.
A complex of interconnected food chains in an ecosystem is called a/an
A.
food web.
B.
ecosys.
1) If atmospheric carbon dioxide was eliminated from our atmospher.docxhirstcruz
1) If atmospheric carbon dioxide was eliminated from our atmosphere, we would expect that the
Earth would:
A) cool considerably and photosynthesis would dramatically increase
B) cool considerably and photosynthesis would dramatically decrease
C) heat up considerably and photosynthesis would dramatically increase
D) heat up considerably and photosynthesis would dramatically decrease
2) Which of the following is a correlation that is causing widespread concern?
A) As atmospheric oxygen levels decline, the ozone layer is being destroyed.
B) As atmospheric carbon dioxide levels decline, the ozone layer is being destroyed.
C) As levels of methane decline, average global temperatures are increasing.
D) As levels of carbon dioxide increase, average global temperatures are increasing.
3) Which of the following is part of natural capital but not ecosystem capital?
A) solar energy used to drive photosynthesis throughout the biosphere
B) coal and oil reserves
C) the production of electrical energy from wind turbines and dams
D) the genetic diversity of all plants and animals used in modern agriculture
4) From an ecological economist’s perspective, without sustainability, as economies grow:
A) gross national product grows too
B) natural resources are renewed
C) the natural world is depleted
D) natural ecosystems are replenished
5) Natural capital includes ecosystem capital plus:
A) natural forms of energy, such as solar, wind, and flowing water
B) nonrenewable resources such as fossil fuels
C) money available to invest in growing industry
D) all of the products of photosynthesis in the biosphere
6) The concept of sustainability requires that:
A) economic growth does not exceed the renewal of natural capital
B) all sources of energy used in an economy must come from the sun
C) global economic systems are based on the harvesting of natural products
D) economies use equal portions of land, labor, and capital
7) Uncertain about the best way to keep his new lizard alive, Jerome places a heat lamp at one
end of the long lizard cage. Over several days, Jerome notices that the lizard tends to sit in a
certain place when the lamp is on. The lizard’s selection of a particular place to stay
represents its:
A) range of tolerance
B) temperature optimum
C) biotic conditioning
D) use of a limited resource
8) As global climate change warms certain mountain ranges, the temperature optima for the insect
species living on the mountain is causing these insects to:
A) move higher up the mountain
B) move down the mountain
C) move to a new biome
D) become parasitic
9) Energy is lost as it moves from one trophic level to the next because:
A) one trophic level does not consume the entire trophic level below it
B) some of the calories consumed drive cellular activities and do not add mass
C) some ingested materials are undigested and eliminated
D) All of the above.
10) In general, biomes at.
1) The Millennium Ecosystem Assessment primarily characterized human.docxNarcisaBrandenburg70
1) The Millennium Ecosystem Assessment primarily characterized human impact on:
A) atmospheric carbon dioxide levels
B) degradation of the ozone layer
C) ecosystem services
D) plate tectonics
2) The Fourth Assessment Report, released in 2007 concluded that global climate change is
caused at least in part by the:
A) human use of fossil fuels to generate electricity and power engines
B) human use of chlorofluorocarbons in refrigeration systems
C) harvesting of millions of acres of corn, wheat, and soybeans around the world every year
D) depletion of groundwater supplies
3) Carbon dioxide in the atmosphere contributes to global warming by:
A) transmitting visible light and absorbing infrared radiation
B) transmitting infrared radiation and absorbing visible light
C) transmitting infrared radiation and visible light
D) absorbing infrared radiation and visible light
4) The Doha Round of WTO meetings have failed to reach agreement about:
A) currency exchange
B) converting the economies of developed nation from green to brown
C) farm subsidies and trade barriers
D) how to control public protests at future WTO meetings
5) The classical economic paradigm and the new ecological economic paradigm differ in the way
that:
A) each views the land, either as a resource within the human economy (classical) or as
something that encompasses the economy (ecological)
B) the value of capital is assessed, either in dollars (classical) or as resources that can
be mined from the Earth (ecological)
C) labor is determined, either as the number of people who are unemployed, not
counting farmers (classical), or the number of people who are unemployed counting
farmers (ecological)
D) labor and capital are assessed, either counting the total labor and capital resources
available (classical) or that which is in use in operations (ecological)
6) The ecological economic paradigm argues that the environment encompasses the economy
because the environment is essential to provide:
A) the energy necessary to run our homes and factories.
B) solar energy needed for plants and to light our environment during the day.
C) transportation along highways, railways, rivers, and oceans.
D) vital raw materials and ecosystem services and absorb wastes.
7) The ecological economists’ view emphasizes the role of:
A) amount and quality of capital available to industry.
B) abundance of well-trained, well-educated labor that is available.
C) natural ecosystems.
D) public’s understanding of the natural environment.
8) In some deserts, there are mice and lizards that are about the same size. The mice eat grains
and the lizards feed on insects. Given this information, we would expect that the biomass of the:
A) lizards would be about the same as the mice.
B) lizards would be greater than the mice.
C) mice would be greater than the lizards.
D) lizards and mice would be about 10 times greater than the organisms that they consume.
9) Why are there so fe.
ECS111 P SEALEY EXAM 2 STUDY QUESTIONS 2019 1 .docxtidwellveronique
ECS111 P SEALEY EXAM 2 STUDY QUESTIONS 2019
1
EXAM 2 IS TUESDAY APRIL 9th, 2019
REVIEW ESFCW CHAPTERS 5 and 6
EXAM 2 is worth 15 POINTS
1. Which of the following statements is an example of climate?
a. The temperature today is unusually cold for this time of year.
b. Heavy local rains caused flooding in low-lying areas.
c. Long winters and hot, humid summers are typical of the upper Midwest.
d. If the drought in Oklahoma continues next year, it will be the worst since the Dust Bowl.
e. High humidity intensifies the oppressive heat.
2. The evolution of the average behavior of the Earth’s atmosphere over time is called
a. weather. b. climate.
c. climate change. d. hurricanes.
e. stratospheric migration.
3. Components of the climate system do not include
a. the sun. b. oceans.
c. glaciers. d. the atmosphere.
e. cosmic rays.
4. What is e-waste and why is it a concern?
5. Which of the following is not a driver in Earth’s climate?
a. The gravitational pull of the moon b. The sun
c. Ocean currents d. Carbon dioxide in the atmosphere
e. Clouds
6. Which of the following statements concerning the composition of the atmosphere is true?
a. Water consistently is the gas present in the highest concentrations.
b. N2 and O2 concentrations tend to be variable.
c. CO2 is present in the lowest concentration of all gases.
d. Methane concentration is about 17 parts per million by volume.
e. Carbon monoxide concentration is 388 parts per million.
7. What is the difference between a sanitary land fill and an open dump? Does garbage decompose more quickly in a
sanitary landfill?
8. If you were to measure the composition of the atmosphere across the globe, the composition would be relatively
constant except for
a. nitrogen and oxygen.
b. oxygen and helium.
c. helium and carbon dioxide.
d. carbon dioxide and water vapor.
e. water vapor and ozone.
9. Ozone exists mostly
a. in the stratosphere. b. underground in reservoirs.
c. dissolved in water. d. in the cryosphere.
e. None of the above
ECS111 P SEALEY EXAM 2 STUDY QUESTIONS 2019
2
10. Incident ultraviolet radiation from the sun is blocked by
a. clouds. b. sulfur dioxide.
c. chlorofluorocarbons. d. methane.
e. ozone.
11. Are most plastics degradable, biodegradable or non-degradable waste? How well do plastics break down?
12. The greatest quantity of fresh water is held in
a. rivers. b. lakes. c. ground water. d. oceans. e. glaciers and ice caps.
13. Which of the following does not play a role in reflecting incident sunlight back into space?
a. Methane b. Ice
c. Clouds d. Sulfur oxides
e. Particulate matter suspended in the atmosphere
14. Other than CO2, what greenhouse gas has the longest lifetime in the atmosphere?
a. Nitrous oxide b. Ozone
c. CFCs d. Methane
e. Both a and c
15. Without the greenhouse effect, the atm.
The document is an exam for the Environmental Systems Standard Level course, consisting of 30 multiple choice questions testing various concepts related to environmental science. Some of the topics covered include population ecology, energy flow, greenhouse gases, the carbon and nitrogen cycles, and atmospheric structure. The exam is 45 minutes long and candidates are instructed to choose the single best answer for each question and mark their choice on an answer sheet.
Thinking of getting a dog? Be aware that breeds like Pit Bulls, Rottweilers, and German Shepherds can be loyal and dangerous. Proper training and socialization are crucial to preventing aggressive behaviors. Ensure safety by understanding their needs and always supervising interactions. Stay safe, and enjoy your furry friends!
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
How to Add Chatter in the odoo 17 ERP ModuleCeline George
In Odoo, the chatter is like a chat tool that helps you work together on records. You can leave notes and track things, making it easier to talk with your team and partners. Inside chatter, all communication history, activity, and changes will be displayed.
How to Build a Module in Odoo 17 Using the Scaffold MethodCeline George
Odoo provides an option for creating a module by using a single line command. By using this command the user can make a whole structure of a module. It is very easy for a beginner to make a module. There is no need to make each file manually. This slide will show how to create a module using the scaffold method.
বাংলাদেশের অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা ২০২৪ [Bangladesh Economic Review 2024 Bangla.pdf] কম্পিউটার , ট্যাব ও স্মার্ট ফোন ভার্সন সহ সম্পূর্ণ বাংলা ই-বুক বা pdf বই " সুচিপত্র ...বুকমার্ক মেনু 🔖 ও হাইপার লিংক মেনু 📝👆 যুক্ত ..
আমাদের সবার জন্য খুব খুব গুরুত্বপূর্ণ একটি বই ..বিসিএস, ব্যাংক, ইউনিভার্সিটি ভর্তি ও যে কোন প্রতিযোগিতা মূলক পরীক্ষার জন্য এর খুব ইম্পরট্যান্ট একটি বিষয় ...তাছাড়া বাংলাদেশের সাম্প্রতিক যে কোন ডাটা বা তথ্য এই বইতে পাবেন ...
তাই একজন নাগরিক হিসাবে এই তথ্য গুলো আপনার জানা প্রয়োজন ...।
বিসিএস ও ব্যাংক এর লিখিত পরীক্ষা ...+এছাড়া মাধ্যমিক ও উচ্চমাধ্যমিকের স্টুডেন্টদের জন্য অনেক কাজে আসবে ...
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...PECB
Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
Certified as an ISO/IEC 27001: Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) Lead Implementer, Data Protection Officer, and Cyber Risks Analyst, Denis brings a heightened focus on data security, privacy, and cyber resilience to every endeavor.
His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
What sets Denis apart is his comprehensive understanding of Business and Systems Analysis technologies, honed through involvement in all phases of the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC). From meticulous requirements gathering to precise analysis, innovative design, rigorous development, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
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Find out more about ISO training and certification services
Training: ISO/IEC 27001 Information Security Management System - EN | PECB
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Article: https://pecb.com/article
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This presentation includes basic of PCOS their pathology and treatment and also Ayurveda correlation of PCOS and Ayurvedic line of treatment mentioned in classics.
How to Manage Your Lost Opportunities in Odoo 17 CRMCeline George
Odoo 17 CRM allows us to track why we lose sales opportunities with "Lost Reasons." This helps analyze our sales process and identify areas for improvement. Here's how to configure lost reasons in Odoo 17 CRM
Executive Directors Chat Leveraging AI for Diversity, Equity, and InclusionTechSoup
Let’s explore the intersection of technology and equity in the final session of our DEI series. Discover how AI tools, like ChatGPT, can be used to support and enhance your nonprofit's DEI initiatives. Participants will gain insights into practical AI applications and get tips for leveraging technology to advance their DEI goals.
This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
RPMS TEMPLATE FOR SCHOOL YEAR 2023-2024 FOR TEACHER 1 TO TEACHER 3
Ecology_1527862406420_tc.pdf
1. A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4
1. The graph below represents a change in event A that leads to changes in events B and C.
Which row in the chart best identifies each event in the graph?
A) are independent and do not interact with each
other or with the physical environment.
B) do not interact with other living organisms, but
do interact with the physical environment
C) interact with each other, but do not interact with
the physical environment
D) interact with other living organisms and
interact with the physical environment
2. A fundamental concept of ecology is that living
organisms
2. 3. Base your answer to the following question on the diagram below and on your knowledge of biology.
The diagram represents a food web in an ecosystem.
A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4
Which row in the chart below best identifies the relationships between the mice and the wheat?
3. A) B)
C) D)
4. The chart below shows three ecological terms used to describe levels of organization on Earth.
Which diagram best represents the relationship of these ecological terms?
A) predators that outnumber their prey
B) a continual input of energy
C) limited autotrophic nutrition
D) no competition between species
5. A stable ecosystem is characterized by having
A) a population B) a community
C) a biome D) the biosphere
6. All of Earth's water, land, and atmosphere within
which life exists is known as A) a change in the environment always results in
disease
B) humans are the cause of the breakdown of this
ecosystem
C) the stability of this ecosystem is limited by the
amount of water available
D) every population in an ecosystem is linked
with other populations
7. Populations of aspen trees in the western United
States are being destroyed by an unexplained illness.
The altered landscape is affecting the animals that
live there. Populations of deer mice are increasing
greatly in these areas. Unfortunately, these mice often
carry a virus that is deadly to humans. This scenario
best illustrates that
A) A fierce predator is removed from the
ecosystem.
B) The number of producers remains constant in the
ecosystem.
C) Organisms frequently interact within the
ecosystem.
D) The energy in the ecosystem flows from the Sun.
8. Which statement describes a situation that would
reduce the stability of a forest ecosystem?
4. A) a population B) an ecosystem
C) a biosphere D) a food chain
9. The organisms in a pond and the physical factors
influencing them best describe
A) an increase in the stability of the oceans
B) an increase in the salt content of the oceans
C) a decrease in the stability of the oceans
D) a decrease in the oxygen available in the oceans
10. Due to overfishing, the number of fish in the ocean
could drastically decrease. This will cause
A) a population B) a community
C) an ecosystem D) the biosphere
11. The diagram below represents many species of
plants and animals and their surroundings.
What does the diagram best represent?
A) The water temperature would rapidly decrease.
B) The process of respiration in the snail would
decrease.
C) The rate of reproduction of the fish would be
affected.
D) The organisms would probably survive
because materials would cycle.
12. Which statement most accurately predicts what
would happen in the aquarium shown below if it
were tightly covered and maintained in natural light
for one month?
A) community B) ecosystem
C) population D) species
13. Which ecological term includes everything
represented in the illustration below?
5. A) a constant source of energy
B) living systems that incorporate energy into
organic molecules
C) a cycling of materials between organisms and
their environment
D) an equal number of producers and
consumers
14. Which factor is not necessary for an ecosystem to be
self-sustaining?
A) an increase in a biotic factors that would cause
organisms to develop new adaptations
B) the development of an ecosystem that will
prevent invasive species from settling there
C) an increase in the carrying capacity of the
ecosystem for wetland organisms
D) to prevent the organisms that live in this
ecosystem from competing for food and shelter
15. The Mississippi River Delta wetlands ecosystem is
home to a large number of fish, birds, and other
aquatic organisms. During the last century, this
ecosystem has seen a decrease in wetland areas and
species diversity due to land development,
agriculture, and flooding. Conservation groups have
been working to reconnect the Mississippi River
with its flood plain and restore lost wetlands. One
result of restoring wetland areas in this ecosystem
would be
A) water, minerals, bacteria
B) sunlight, oxygen, plant receptors
C) minerals, water, plant enzymes
D) water, sunlight, carbon dioxide
16. As it grows from a seed to a mature plant, a plant
will grow taller and thicker. Which are abiotic
factors most responsible for the increase in the mass
of the plant?
A) dynamic equilibrium
B) a limiting factor
C) a reproductive enzyme
D) ecological successsion
17. A finite resource in the environment that keeps a
population from steadily increasing is known as
6. 18. Base your answer to the following question on the information below and on your knowledge of
biology. The graph below shows the growth of Paramecium aurelia in the same culture dish for 14
days.
A) The population numbers of Paramecium aurelia would be lower than 250, since the new
species is competing with it for resources.
B) The population of Paramecium aurelia would increase above 250, since they would mate with
the new species.
C) The population of Paramecium aurelia would increase above 250, since the two species occupy
the same niche.
D) The population of Paramecium aurelia would remain at 250, since the species compete with
each other for the same resources.
In another experiment, a second species of paramecium was introduced into a culture dish with
Paramecium aurelia. Which statement describes a possible result as the populations interact over the
next 14 days?
7. A) environmental stability B) genetic variety
C) behavioral change D) overproduction
19. The graph below shows the size of a population of foxes over a period of years.
If the line did not stay around the carrying capacity, but continued to rise, which concept would this
graph best illustrate?
8. Base your answers to questions 20 and 21 on the graph below and on your knowledge of biology. The
graph shows the growth of a population of rabbits in a specific ecosystem.
A) the birthrate of the rabbit population was equal to the death rate of the rabbit population
B) there was a decrease in the number of rabbit predators and an increase in the availability of
plants
C) there was a decrease in the availability of minerals, water, and shelter
D) the entire rabbit population rnigrated to a new ecosystem containing more autotrophs
20. Over a period of time, the location of the dashed line would move from location B to location C on
this graph if
A) increased predation by herbivores B) increased availability of food
C) increased number of decomposers D) increased competition among carnivores
21. Which environmental factor could have caused the change indicated at A?
A) biotic factors
B) abiotic factors
C) organic factors
D) endangered factors
22. The increase of certain types of gases in the
atmosphere has contributed to the problem of global
warming. All these gases are
A) photosynthesis in algae cells
B) digestion in hummingbirds
C) ATP synthesis in fungi
D) respiration in maple tree cells
23. Which process will result in a gain of energy in an
ecosystem?
9. A) limiting factor
B) hereditary factor
C) source of ATP
D) source of solar energy
24. A study was done on three different fish species
living in a pond in New York State. The influence of
temperature on the growth rates of the fish
populations is shown in the graph below.
In this pond where these fish live, temperature is a
A) stopped reproducing
B) reached carrying capacity
C) mutated into a different species
D) run out of food and migrated to a different pond
25. A scientist was studying a population of fish in a
pond over a period of 10 years. He observed that the
population increased each year for 3 years, and then
remained nearly constant for the rest of the study.
The best explanation for this observation is that the
population had
A) They are held in check by environmental
factors.
B) They are producers that rely indirectly on other
producers.
C) They are not limited by natural predators.
D) They are not dependent on other species.
26. Which statement best describes bat populations in a
stable ecosystem?
A) heat energy released by carnivores
B) carbon dioxide in the atmosphere
C) photosynthetic organisms
D) decomposers in the soil
27. What is the carrying capacity for herbivores in a
habitat most directly affected by?
A) hurricanes, packs of wolves, and temperature
B) blizzards, heat waves, and swarms of
grasshoppers
C) droughts, floods, and heat waves
D) species of fish, number of decomposers, and
supply of algae
28. Abiotic factors that could affect the stability of an
ecosystem could include
A) number of autotrophs
B) temperature variation
C) salt content
D) pH of water
29. One biotic factor that affects consumers in an ocean
ecosystem is
A) The interactions between other organisms
would stop immediately.
B) The functions carried out by these organisms
would no longer be necessary.
C) The ecosystem would remain stable.
D) The ecosystem would become less stable.
30. The chart below shows the environmental functions
that some organisms perform in a stable ecosystem.
How would a decrease in the number of organisms
that perform these functions most likely affect the
ecosystem?
10. A) X—biotic factors; Y—abiotic factors
B) X—ecological relationships; Y—biotic relationships
C) X—abiotic factors; Y—interacting populations
D) X—energy flow; Y—biotic factors
31. Information relating to an ecosystem is contained in the diagram shown below.
Which information belongs in areas X and Y?
A) type of shrub species present
B) amount of annual rainfall
C) number of predatory animals present
D) availability of autotrophic organisms
32. An important abiotic factor affecting a shrub
community is the
A) the abiotic factor
B) the biotic factor
C) the growth factor
D) the limiting factor
33. Requirements of some submerged aquatic plants in a
pond include oxygen and carbon dioxide dissolved
in the water as well as nitrates and magnesium in the
mud where the plants grow. What term would be
used to describe the resource which is in shortest
supply?
A) The community within this ecosystem consists
of seven guppies and one catfish.
B) The energy source for this ecosystem is the gas
from the air stone.
C) A population within this ecosystem is the
three snails.
D) Cycling of materials is not necessary in this
self-sustaining ecosystem.
34. Which statement regarding the ecosystem shown in
the diagram below is correct?
A) a population
B) an ecosystem
C) an abiotic condition
D) an aquatic biome
35. A particular species of freshwater mussel (a small
clam-like animal) inhabits the shallow water of a
large lake, where it lives and breeds. These mussels
are referred to as
11. A) members of a single species in the biosphere
B) members of a given genus inhabiting a given
area
C) members of a single species inhabiting a
given area
D) abiotic and biotic factors in a given location
36. In ecology, a population is defined as all the
A) drastic modifications to the environment
B) interrelationships and interdependencies
among organisms
C) limited biodiversity
D) gradual changes in the climate
37. In order for an ecosystem to remain stable there must
be
A) plants and gravel
B) fish, water, and snails
C) fish, plants, and snails
D) water and gravel
38. An aquarium ecosystem is shown below.
A community in this aquarium consists of the
A) They are all of the same species.
B) They all require the same type of food.
C) They are part of a community.
D) They are abiotic factors in a forest.
39. A moss-covered log is overturned by a hungry bear
looking for insects to eat. The bear disturbs an ant
colony, and some chipmunks leave the hollow log to
search for another home in the forest. Which
relationship do these organisms have with each
other?
A) community B) population
C) biosphere D) species
40. All the plants and animals interacting in a given area
make up a
A) biosphere, ecosystem, community
B) biosphere, community, ecosystem
C) community, ecosystem, biosphere
D) ecosystem, biosphere, community
41. Which sequence shows increasing complexity of
levels of ecological organization?
A) hiding from predators
B) greater reproductive success
C) locating new sources of food
D) reduced population growth
42. A male frigatebird displays to the female by inflating
its large red throat sac, throwing its head back,
vibrating its wings, and producing a "drumming"
sound with its throat sac. For the frigatebird, this
behavior has most likely resulted in
A) A deer outruns an attacking wolf.
B) A deer, during the winter, consumes tree bark.
C) A deer and rabbit consume grass in a field.
D) A deer and a rabbit are both startled by a hawk
flying overhead.
43. Which statement best describes a situation where
competition occurs in an ecosystem?
A) Organisms that feed on different foods in the
same area of an ecosystem fill the same niche.
B) Organisms that live in the same ecosystem
can occupy different niches in the ecosystem.
C) Different species feeding in the same
ecosystem will eventually compete with each
other, eliminating all the species except one.
D) Different species living in the same area of an
ecosystem usually have the same physical
characteristics.
44. Members of a bird-watching club observed the
activities of three species of birds for an entire
spring and summer. They noticed that the different
species fed at different heights in the same pine tree.
Which ecological concept is supported by this
observation?
12. A) niches
B) ecosystems
C) methods of asexual reproduction
D) methods of selective breeding
45. In a pine forest, there are different species of birds
known as warblers that are able to coexist on the
same pine trees. The Cape May warblers feed on
insects located on the tips of the highest pine
branches. The yellow-rumped warblers feed on
insects on lower branches of the same trees. The
different feeding locations for these two species of
warblers indicate that they have different
A) successfully compete with native herbivores for
food
B) serve as an excellent food source for native
herbivores
C) successfully compete with native plants for
space
D) prevent the migration of native plants
46. The wetland plant purple loosestrife was imported to
North America from Europe. Since its introduction,
the loosestrife has spread, which has resulted in a
dramatic decline in the biological diversity of native
wetland plants. A likely reason for the spread of the
purple loosestrife is that it can
A) change their nesting behaviors
B) not affect one another
C) interbreed to form a new species
D) compete with one another
47. When two different bird species temporarily occupy
the same niche, they would most likely
A) They will usually develop different
requirements.
B) One species may adapt to a different
environment.
C) One species may be eliminated from that
ecosystem.
D) They will alter the environment so that they can
both survive in that ecosystem.
48. What will most likely occur if two different plant
species compete for the same requirements in an
ecosystem?
A) were able to prey on native herbivores
B) reproduced more slowly than the native animals
C) successfully competed with native herbivores
for food
D) could interbreed with the native animals
49. Rabbits are herbivores that are not native to
Australia. Their numbers have increased steadily
since being introduced into Australia by European
settlers. One likely reason the rabbit population was
able to grow so large is that the rabbits
A) Certain organisms may compete for vital
resources.
B) All these organisms rely on energy from
decomposers.
C) Organisms synthesize energy.
D) All organisms occupy the same niche
50. Some interactions in a desert community are shown
in the diagram below.
Which statement is a valid inference based on the
diagram?
13. A) They most likely do not compete for nesting
sites because they occupy different niches.
B) They do not compete for nesting sites because
they have the same reproductive behavior.
C) They compete for nesting sites because they
build the same type of nest.
D) They compete for nesting sites because they
nest in the same tree at the same time.
51. Information concerning nests built in the same tree
by two different bird species over a ten-year period
is shown in the table below.
What inference best describes these two bird
species?
A) Both species evolved through the process of ecological succession.
B) Each species occupies a different niche.
C) The two species can interbreed.
D) Species A is a scavenger and species B is a carnivore.
52. A scientist studied iguanas inhabiting a chain of small ocean islands. He discovered two species that
live in different habitats and display different behaviors. His observations are listed in the table
below.
Which statement best describes these two species of iguanas?
14. A) biodiversity
B) competition
C) interaction between species
D) solar radiation reaching the area
53. When habitats are destroyed, there are usually fewer
niches for animals and plants. This action would
most likely not lead to a change in the amount of
A) each occupies a different niche
B) they interbreed
C) they use different methods of reproduction
D) birds compete for food
54. Two closely related species of birds live in the same
tree. Species A feeds on ants and termites, while
species B feeds on caterpillars. The two species
coexist successfully because
A) less competition for food
B) fewer abiotic resources for each bird species
C) fewer biotic resources for each bird species
D) less energy available as the birds feed higher in
the tree
55. The feeding niches of three bird species are shown in
the diagram below.
What is the advantage of these different feeding
niches for the birds?
A) As the birds feed higher in the tree, available
energy increases.
B) More abiotic resources are available for each
bird.
C) Predators are less likely to feed on birds in a
variety of locations.
D) There is less competition for food.
56. The ecological niches of three bird species are
shown in the diagram below.
What is the advantage of each bird species having a
different niche?
A) variations within a species
B) dynamic equilibrium
C) random recombination
D) competition between species
57. Cattail plants in freshwater swamps in New York
State are being replaced by purple loosestrife plants.
The two species have very similar environmental
requirements. This observation best illustrates
15. A) recycling B) equilibrium
C) competition D) decomposition
58. The graph below shows the growth of two
populations of paramecia grown in the same culture
dish for 14 days.
Which ecological concept is best represented by the
graph?
A) the same habitat, but different niches
B) the same niche, but different habitats
C) the same niche and the same habitat
D) different habitats and different niches
59. In a forest community, a shelf fungus and a slug live
on the side of a decaying tree trunk. The fungus
digests and absorbs materials from the tree, while
the slug eats algae growing on the outside of the
trunk. These organisms do not compete with one
another because they occupy
A) a biosphere B) an ecosystem
C) a habitat D) a niche
60. Male grizzly bears can maintain territorial control
over many square miles. What is this role as a top
predator in the territory known as?
A) nesting site B) territorial range
C) biomass D) niche
61. Knowing the type of food consumed by an organism
helps to identify the role of the organism in the
community. This role is known as its
A) an epidemic of rabies among squirrels
B) an increase in the number of squirrels killed on
the highways
C) an increase in the number of hawks that prey on
squirrels
D) a temporary increase in the squirrel
reproduction rate
62. Which change would usually increase competition
among the squirrel population in a certain area?
A) isolation B) succession
C) competition D) segregation
63. In a given habitat, different species use the same
limited resources. This situation usually leads to
A) an increase in the owl population
B) an increase in the mouse population
C) a decrease in the hawk population
D) a decrease in the owl population
64. Hawks and owls living in the same area compete for
the same type of mouse for food. Which situation
would lead to the greatest problem in food supply?
A) plentiful resources within the environment
occupied by the species
B) increased genetic variation within the species
C) changes in the environment of the species
D) the ability of the species to increase its numbers
by sexual reproduction
65. Which factor would be least likely to contribute to
the development of a new species?
A) increase the destruction of environments
B) continue the deforestation of world ecosystems
C) decrease the dependence on plants for food
D) preserve the diversity of plant species
66. Some scientists have collected and stored seeds for
many types of food-producing plants. The purpose
of this is to
16. A) crabgrass and horseweed B) oak and hickory trees
C) broomsedge and pine seedlings D) mature pine and young deciduous trees
67. The diagram below represents a process that occurs in nature.
If the oak and hickory trees were burned in a forest fire, leaving bare soil, which group of plants
would most likely be the first to grow back?
A) direct harvesting
B) genetic engineering
C) evolutionary change
D) ecological succession
68. Shawangunk Grasslands National Wildlife Refuge
has been developed from an abandoned airport to
restore habitat for six species of birds that require an
area rich in tall grasses. Workers must continually
remove trees that are beginning to invade the area as
a result of
A) a decrease in the amount of organic material
present
B) decreased levels of carbon dioxide in the area
C) the lack of abiotic factors in the area
D) the process of ecological succession
69. A new island formed by volcanic action may
eventually become populated with biotic
communities as a result of
A) a climax community
B) a dominant species
C) secondary consumers
D) pioneer organisms
70. A slab of bare rock is covered with lichens. In time,
mosses cover the rock, followed by grasses, and
finally by small shrubs and tree saplings. In this
example, the lichens represent
71. Base your answer to the following question on the
diagram below and on your knowledge of biology
A) a pioneer community
B) abiotic factors
C) a climax community
D) a population
The lichens and mosses can be classified as
72. Base your answer to the following question on the
information below and on your knowledge of
biology.
Years after the lava from an erupting volcano
destroyed an area, lichens started to grow in that
area. These were gradually replaced by grasses,
shrubs, conifers, and finally, by a deciduous
forest.
A) primary consumers
B) climax organisms
C) abiotic factors
D) pioneer organisms
In this sequence of events, the lichens functioned as
17. A) stable ecosystem that can last for many years
B) loss of heterotrophs that cannot be recovered
C) long-term rise in environmental temperatures
D) forest consisting of only producers and
decomposers
73. Changes in an ecosystem over a long period of time
are shown in the diagram below.
These changes will most likely lead to a
A) species interdependence is absent
B) there is a lack of variety in the species
C) no competition exists between the species
D) there are natural checks on species
74. An established ecosystem may remain stable over
hundreds of years because
A) It usually contains only one type of producer.
B) It usually contains a great diversity of
species.
C) It contains simple food chains that have more
consumers than producers.
D) It contains complex food webs that have more
heterotrophs than autotrophs.
75. What is a characteristic of a stable environment?
A) climatic limitations of the geographic area of
the pond
B) number of carnivores present within the
geographic area of the pond
C) concentration of nitrogen dissolved in the pond
water
D) rate of photosynthesis in autotrophs growing in
the pond water
76. A pond ecosystem may be replaced by a terrestrial
ecosystem over a period of time. The type of
terrestrial ecosystem that will be established depends
on the
A) heterotroph community
B) pioneer stage
C) biotic stage
D) climax community
77. The stable stage that is established in an area as a
result of the process of ecological succession is
known as the
A) populations B) decomposers
C) ecosystems D) communities
78. The mass of plants shown in the graph refers to the
mass of a number of
18. 79. Base your answer to the following question on the graph below and on your knowledge of biology.
The graph shows the masses of different types of plants found in an area of the Adirondack
Mountains after a forest fire occurred.
A) ecological succession B) biological evolution
C) selective breeding D) genetic engineering
Based on the information provided in the graph, the process that is occurring is
A) evolution B) feedback
C) ecological succession D) direct harvesting
80. The diagram represents the changes in an area over time.
This series of changes in the area over hundreds of years is known as
A) random mutations B) ecological succession
C) genetic engineering D) direct harvesting
81. Which concept is best represented in the diagram below?
19. A) circulation and coordination
B) respiration and coordination
C) respiration and photosynthesis
D) photosynthesis and circulation
82. Which two processes are responsible for keeping the
percentage of atmospheric oxygen at relatively
constant levels?
A) respiration and photosynthesis
B) the ozone shield
C) synthesis and digestion
D) energy recycling in ecosystems
83. Carbon dioxide makes up less than 1 percent of
Earth's atmosphere, and oxygen makes up about 20
percent. These percentages are maintained most
directly by
A) a decrease in the amount of nitrogen released
into the atmosphere
B) an increase in the amount of oxygen present in
the lake
C) an increase in the amount of water vapor
present in the atmosphere
D) a decrease in the amount of oxygen released
into the lake
84. A five-year study was carried out on a population of
algae in a lake. The study found that the algae
population was steadily decreasing in size. Over the
five-year period this decrease most likely led to
20. A) succession and transpiration
B) photosynthesis and cellular respiration
C) artificial selection and deamination
D) enzymatic hydrolysis and regeneration
85. The diagram below shows some pathways in the cycling of materials in the environment.
Which two processes are involved in the cycling shown in the diagram?
A) carbon B) nitrogen
C) oxygen D) hydrogen
86. Respiration and photosynthesis have the least effect
on the cycling of
21. A) A-deamination; B-transpiration; C
-condensation; D evaporation
B) A-transpiration; B-evaporation; C
-condensation; D-precipitation
C) A-condensation; B-precipitation; C
-transpiration; D evaporation
D) A-transpiration; B-deamination; C
-condensation; D-precipitation
87. Processes involved in the water cycle are represented
by letters in the diagram below.
In which group are these processes correctly
identified?
A) digestion and regulation
B) synthesis and locomotion
C) respiration and excretion
D) reproduction and growth
88. Which two life functions of animals help maintain
the water cycle by recycling water back into the
environment?
A) the food web would be disrupted because
there would be little recycling of nutrients
B) fewer animals would suffer from disease such
as cancer
C) there would be more energy available for
insects and worms that live in the soil
D) the diversity of plants and animals present
would increase
89. Researchers have discovered a chemical that
sterilizes soil by killing all of the bacteria that are
normally present. If this chemical were released in a
forest ecosystem, the most likely result would be that
A) predators B) decomposers
C) pathogens D) parasites
90. An ecosystem is self-sustaining as long as organisms
have sufficient quantities of energy, oxygen,
minerals, and water. When organisms die, some of
these materials are recycled back to plants in the
ecosystem primarily through the activity of
A) plant parasites
B) autotrophs
C) bacteria and fungi
D) scavengers and viruses
91. Many families now use compost to make the soil in
their gardens more fertile. They collect vegetable
scraps and yard trimmings, place them in a compost
pile or special container, and let them decompose.
The organisms primarily responsible for
decomposing the vegetable scraps and yard
trimmings are
A) herbivore B) decomposer
C) producer D) carnivore
92. Which type of organism can obtain energy directly
from any of the other organisms in an ecosystem?
22. 93. Base your answer to the following question on the
diagram of the nitrogen cycle below and on your the
key below.
A) It is converted to atmospheric nitrogen.
B) It is used by animals for carbohydrate synthesis.
C) It is used by plants for protein synthesis.
D) It is used by bacteria to synthesize ammonia.
What is the role of NO3 in the cycle?
23. 94. Base your answer to the following question on the diagram of the nitrogen cycle below and on your
knowledge of biology. In the diagram, letters A through E represent organism carrying on a process at
that particular point in the cycle.
A) A B) E C) C D) D
Nitrifying bacteria are represented by letter
95. Base your answer to the following question on the
diagram below and on your knowledge of biology.
A) denitrifying bacteria
B) nitrifying bacteria
C) nitrogen-fixing bacteria
D) decomposers
Nitrogen in the cells of plants and animals is first
released to other organisms with the help of
24. 96. Base your answer to the following question on the diagram below and on your knowledge of biology.
A) as the wolf population decreases, the moose population increases
B) as the wolf population decreases, the moose population decreases
C) the numbers of wolves and moose are relatively constant
D) the numbers of wolves and moose appear to be unrelated
An observable trend in the wolf and moose data between 1980 and 1995 is
A) Species A is a producer and species B is its consumer.
B) Species A is a host and species B is its parasite.
C) Species A is a predator and species B is its prey.
D) Species A is a scavenger and species B is its decomposer.
97. The graph below shows changes in the populations of two species that interact only with each other
over a period of time.
Which statement best describes these two species?
25. A) predator — prey
B) producer — consumer
C) parasite — host
D) decomposer — scavenger
98. Which relationship best describes the interactions
between lettuce and a rabbit?
A) parasite and host
B) predator and prey
C) producer and decomposer
D) consumer and scavenger
99. Dodder, a plant with no chlorophyll, grows on a
living plant of a different species from which it
obtains nutrients. Which pair of terms describes this
relationship?
Base your answers to questions 100 through 102 on
the diagram below and on your knowledge of
biology.
A) nitrogen-fixing bacteria
B) nitrifying bacteria
C) denitrifying bacteria
D) autotrophic bacteria
100. Bacteria responsible for process X are known as
A) NO3 B) NH3 C) N2 D) O2
101. Which gas is released when the tissues of dead
plants and animals are broken down by bacteria?
A) commensalism B) mutualism
C) parasitism D) saprophytism
102. The American dogwood, a flowering tree of New
York State's woodlands, has been attacked by a
fungal disease specific to this tree species. Many
dogwoods have died because fungicides have not
proven effective in fighting the spread of this
disease. Which term best describes the relationship
between the dogwood trees and the fungus?
A) a parasite B) a producer
C) an herbivore D) a saprophyte
103. An organism that feeds on the blood of a live rabbit
is known as
A) parasitism B) commensalism
C) saprophytism D) mutualism
104. Which type of relationship is illustrated by a
protozoan causing the disease malaria in a human
host?
A) birds B) worms
C) mammals D) algae
105. The diagram below represents an energy pyramid.
Which organisms would most likelybe found at
level A?
26. 106. Base your answer to the following question on the
information below and on your knowledge of
biology.
An aquarium container is filled with water and
colonies of aquatic plants and animals. Various
protists are added and the aquarium is then
sealed and placed on a window ledge. After a
period of time the aquarium appears to reach a
state of balance
A) primary consumers
B) secondary consumers
C) producers
D) herbivores
Which group of organisms in the aquarium contains
the largest amount of energy?
A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4
107. Which row in the chart below best describes decomposers?
108. Base your answer to the following question on the passage below which describes an ecosystem in
New York State and on your knowledge of biology.
The Pine Bush ecosystem near Albany, New York, is one of the last known habitats of the nearly
extinct Karner Blue butterfly. The butterfly's larvae feed on the wild green plant, lupine. The larvae
are in turn consumed by predatory wasps. The four groups below represent other organisms living in
this ecosystem.
A) A B) B C) C D) D
The Karner Blue larvae belong in which group?
27. A) biotic factors
B) abiotic factors
C) inorganic compounds
D) finite resources
109. Which group would most likely be represented in a
food chain?
A) an increase in the number of deer
B) a decrease in the amount of grasses
C) an increase in the number of snakes
D) a decrease in the amount of trees
110. The diagram below represents interactions that
occur between some organisms in an ecosystem.
Which factor would most likely cause an increase
in the number of frogs?
A) ecosystems are shaped by nonliving factors
B) autotrophs convert solar energy into food
C) grasshoppers are producers that are essential
for ecosystem stability
D) populations are linked with many others in
the ecosystem
111. The diagram below represents relationships in a
community. After a pathogen reduced the
population of grasshoppers, the number of mice
increased, while the numbers of toads and rabbits
decreased.
These changes in the community demonstrate that
28. A) There would be more snakes than pocket
gophers.
B) There would be more coyotes than rabbits.
C) There would be more insects than insect
eating birds.
D) There would be more hawks than seed eating
birds.
112. The diagram below represents a food web.
Which statement regarding organisms in this food
web is correct?
113. Base your answer to the following question on the diagram below and on your knowledge of
biology. The diagram represents various levels of interaction between organisms in a prairie
ecosystem.
A) hawks B) wheat C) locusts D) molds
If the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere were to decrease, which organism in the diagram
would be one of the first affected by this change?
29. A) Sun green plants herbivores
carnivores
B) Sun herbivores producers consumers
C) green plants carnivores consumers
herbivores
D) consumers carnivores herbivores
producers
114. Which sequence best represents the flow of energy
through an ecosystem?
A) recycle energy
B) recycle nutrients
C) maintain atmospheric pH
D) reduce biodiversity
115. The overuse of chemical fertilizers has resulted in
the growth of some lawns in which decomposers
cannot live. This would interfere most directly with
the ability of the lawn ecosystem to
116. Base your answer to the following question on the
information below and on your knowledge of
biology.
A small village was heavily infested with
mosquitoes. The village was sprayed weekly with
an insecticide for a period of several months. The
results of daily counts of the mosquito population
are shown in the graph below.
A) The insecticide caused mutations that resulted
in immunity in the mosquito.
B) Mosquitoes resistant to the insecticide lived
and produced offspring.
C) The insecticide reacted chemically with the
DNA of the mosquitoes and was destroyed.
D) All of the mosquitoes produced antibodies that
activated the insecticide.
Which statement best explains the decreased
effectiveness of the insecticide?
A) draining the swamps where mosquitoes breed
B) spraying swamps with chemical pesticides to
kill mosquitoes
C) spraying oil over swamps to suffocate
mosquito larvae
D) increasing populations of native fish that
feed on mosquito larvae in the swamps
117. Communities have attempted to control the size of
mosquito populations to prevent the spread of
certain diseases such as malaria and encephalitis.
Which control method is most likely to cause the
least ecological damage?
30. A) using pesticides to decrease populations of
birds of prey
B) increasing emissions into the atmosphere to
decrease the pH of lakes
C) using parasites for biological control of
pests to increase crop yields
D) engaging in uncontrolled hunting and trapping
to reduce populations of carnivores
118. Which human activity would most likely have a
positive impact on the environment?
A) using reforestation and cover cropping to
control soil erosion
B) using insecticides to kill insects that
compete with humans for food
C) developing research aimed toward the
preservation of endangered species
D) investigating the use of biological controls for
pests
119. Which human activity would be more likely to have
a negative impact on the environment than the other
three?
A) saprophytic relationships
B) biocides
C) biological controls
D) herbicides
120. Many people place bat boxes on their property to
provide housing that attracts insect-eating bats.
This activity has a positive effect on the
environment because it represents an increased use
of
A) an increase in the numbers and kinds of
organisms worldwide
B) a decrease in the availability of natural
resources
C) a decrease in deforestation due to
technological improvements
D) an increase in biosphere stability
121. The graph below shows changes in human
population numbers over time.
A consequence of these changes is
31. A)
B)
C)
D)
122. Which graph best illustrates the change in the
human population over the past 2000 years?
A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4
123. In which row in the chart below is a human action correctly paired with its environmental impact?
32. A) increased fossil fuel consumption
B) destruction of the ozone shield
C) increased industrialization
D) destruction of natural habitats
124. Which change is a cause of the other three?
A) an increase in global warming
B) destruction of the ozone shield
C) a decrease in the average temperature of the
atmosphere
D) an increase in biodiversity of the deforested
areas
125. In some parts of the world, forests are being cut
down and burned to clear land for new homes and
new farmland. A negative effect of these activities
might be
A) recycle more nutrients
B) reduce biodiversity
C) reduce global warming
D) increase the growth rates of forests
126. In New York State, cars are inspected to be sure
they are not releasing excessive amounts of several
gases into the atmosphere. This is done in an effort
to
A) a decrease in rainfall in the area
B) a decrease in available carbon dioxide
C) an increase in air pollution in the area
D) an increase in the supply of fossil fuels
127. The diagram below represents factors that affect
New York State ecosystems.
An increase in human activity at X would most
likely result in
A) the chemical composition of the upper
atmosphere
B) emissions from vehicles and industrial
processes
C) the extinction of certain animal species
D) a greater use of nuclear fuel
128. The release of products of combustion into the air
often causes the formation of ozone near the
surface of Earth. This ground-level ozone damages
plants and affects their ability to absorb carbon
dioxide. The doubling of ground-level ozone since
1850 is most likely due to
33. Answer Key
Ecology
1. D
2. D
3. D
4. A
5. B
6. D
7. D
8. A
9. B
10. C
11. C
12. D
13. B
14. D
15. C
16. D
17. B
18. A
19. D
20. C
21. B
22. B
23. A
24. A
25. B
26. A
27. C
28. C
29. A
30. D
31. A
32. B
33. D
34. C
35. A
36. C
37. B
38. C
39. C
40. A
41. C
42. B
43. C
44. B
45. A
46. C
47. D
48. C
49. C
50. A
51. A
52. B
53. D
54. A
55. A
56. D
57. D
58. C
59. A
60. D
61. D
62. D
63. C
64. A
65. A
66. D
67. A
68. D
69. D
70. D
71. A
72. D
73. A
74. D
75. B
76. A
77. D
78. A
79. A
80. C
81. B
82. C
83. A
84. D
85. B
86. B
87. B
88. C
89. A
90. B
91. C
92. B
93. C
94. C
95. D
96. A
97. C
98. B
99. A
100. A
101. C
102. C
103. A
104. A
105. D
106. C
107. B
108. B
109. A
110. C
111. D
112. C
113. B
114. A
115. B
116. B
117. D
118. C
119. B
120. C
121. B
122. A
123. C
124. C
125. A
126. C
127. C
128. B