SCI 256 Final Exam Answers
FINAL EXAM TEST
1. According to the Environmental Science text, the environmental statement of the
1990s was “saving our planet”. Is earth’s very survival really in danger?
A) no, because in the long view, the changes humans have made to earth will be
cleansed by natural processes
B)
1) If atmospheric carbon dioxide was eliminated from our atmospher.docxhirstcruz
1) If atmospheric carbon dioxide was eliminated from our atmosphere, we would expect that the
Earth would:
A) cool considerably and photosynthesis would dramatically increase
B) cool considerably and photosynthesis would dramatically decrease
C) heat up considerably and photosynthesis would dramatically increase
D) heat up considerably and photosynthesis would dramatically decrease
2) Which of the following is a correlation that is causing widespread concern?
A) As atmospheric oxygen levels decline, the ozone layer is being destroyed.
B) As atmospheric carbon dioxide levels decline, the ozone layer is being destroyed.
C) As levels of methane decline, average global temperatures are increasing.
D) As levels of carbon dioxide increase, average global temperatures are increasing.
3) Which of the following is part of natural capital but not ecosystem capital?
A) solar energy used to drive photosynthesis throughout the biosphere
B) coal and oil reserves
C) the production of electrical energy from wind turbines and dams
D) the genetic diversity of all plants and animals used in modern agriculture
4) From an ecological economist’s perspective, without sustainability, as economies grow:
A) gross national product grows too
B) natural resources are renewed
C) the natural world is depleted
D) natural ecosystems are replenished
5) Natural capital includes ecosystem capital plus:
A) natural forms of energy, such as solar, wind, and flowing water
B) nonrenewable resources such as fossil fuels
C) money available to invest in growing industry
D) all of the products of photosynthesis in the biosphere
6) The concept of sustainability requires that:
A) economic growth does not exceed the renewal of natural capital
B) all sources of energy used in an economy must come from the sun
C) global economic systems are based on the harvesting of natural products
D) economies use equal portions of land, labor, and capital
7) Uncertain about the best way to keep his new lizard alive, Jerome places a heat lamp at one
end of the long lizard cage. Over several days, Jerome notices that the lizard tends to sit in a
certain place when the lamp is on. The lizard’s selection of a particular place to stay
represents its:
A) range of tolerance
B) temperature optimum
C) biotic conditioning
D) use of a limited resource
8) As global climate change warms certain mountain ranges, the temperature optima for the insect
species living on the mountain is causing these insects to:
A) move higher up the mountain
B) move down the mountain
C) move to a new biome
D) become parasitic
9) Energy is lost as it moves from one trophic level to the next because:
A) one trophic level does not consume the entire trophic level below it
B) some of the calories consumed drive cellular activities and do not add mass
C) some ingested materials are undigested and eliminated
D) All of the above.
10) In general, biomes at.
1) The Millennium Ecosystem Assessment primarily characterized human.docxNarcisaBrandenburg70
1) The Millennium Ecosystem Assessment primarily characterized human impact on:
A) atmospheric carbon dioxide levels
B) degradation of the ozone layer
C) ecosystem services
D) plate tectonics
2) The Fourth Assessment Report, released in 2007 concluded that global climate change is
caused at least in part by the:
A) human use of fossil fuels to generate electricity and power engines
B) human use of chlorofluorocarbons in refrigeration systems
C) harvesting of millions of acres of corn, wheat, and soybeans around the world every year
D) depletion of groundwater supplies
3) Carbon dioxide in the atmosphere contributes to global warming by:
A) transmitting visible light and absorbing infrared radiation
B) transmitting infrared radiation and absorbing visible light
C) transmitting infrared radiation and visible light
D) absorbing infrared radiation and visible light
4) The Doha Round of WTO meetings have failed to reach agreement about:
A) currency exchange
B) converting the economies of developed nation from green to brown
C) farm subsidies and trade barriers
D) how to control public protests at future WTO meetings
5) The classical economic paradigm and the new ecological economic paradigm differ in the way
that:
A) each views the land, either as a resource within the human economy (classical) or as
something that encompasses the economy (ecological)
B) the value of capital is assessed, either in dollars (classical) or as resources that can
be mined from the Earth (ecological)
C) labor is determined, either as the number of people who are unemployed, not
counting farmers (classical), or the number of people who are unemployed counting
farmers (ecological)
D) labor and capital are assessed, either counting the total labor and capital resources
available (classical) or that which is in use in operations (ecological)
6) The ecological economic paradigm argues that the environment encompasses the economy
because the environment is essential to provide:
A) the energy necessary to run our homes and factories.
B) solar energy needed for plants and to light our environment during the day.
C) transportation along highways, railways, rivers, and oceans.
D) vital raw materials and ecosystem services and absorb wastes.
7) The ecological economists’ view emphasizes the role of:
A) amount and quality of capital available to industry.
B) abundance of well-trained, well-educated labor that is available.
C) natural ecosystems.
D) public’s understanding of the natural environment.
8) In some deserts, there are mice and lizards that are about the same size. The mice eat grains
and the lizards feed on insects. Given this information, we would expect that the biomass of the:
A) lizards would be about the same as the mice.
B) lizards would be greater than the mice.
C) mice would be greater than the lizards.
D) lizards and mice would be about 10 times greater than the organisms that they consume.
9) Why are there so fe.
Unit 1 Examination38GED 108 Environmental ScienceM.docxmarilucorr
Unit 1 Examination
38
GED 108 Environmental Science
Multiple Choice Questions (Enter your answers on the enclosed answer sheet)
1) Most of the world population growth in the near future will be in:
A) Europe
B) North America
C) developing countries
D) developed countries
2) If the Millennium Development Goals are achieved by 2015:
A) at least 30 developing countries will move into the developed category.
B) more than 400 million people will be lifted out of extreme poverty.
C) the population of the world will stop increasing.
D) people in the developing world will all have basic medical coverage.
3) The economic gap between developing and industrialized countries may best be narrowed by:
A) the adoption of democratic forms of government in developing countries
B) industrialized countries increasing shipments of food supplies to developing countries
C) industrialized countries harvesting more natural resources in developing countries
D) stabilizing population growth in developing countries
4) Which of the following ecosystem service degradations is not a major environmental concern for
sustainable development?
A) overfishing the oceans
B) degrading agricultural soils
C) depleting supplies of coal
D) cutting forests faster than they can regrow
5) Ecosystem capital includes:
A) erosion control
B) decreased in the amount of crops grown
C) increase in the number of cars traveling in a particular region
D) All of the above.
6) The “Environmentalist’s Paradox” is:
A) As human population decreases, ecosystem health also decreases.
B) As human well-being increases, natural ecosystem decreases.
C) The more non-renewable resources we use, the more new resources we discover.
D) As biodiversity decreases, ecosystem health increases.
Unit 1 Examination
39
GED 108 Environmental Science
7) World population growth over the past 500 years has most resembled the letter:
A) M
B) U
C) S
D) J
8) Which one of the following ecosystem services has been enhanced most by human use?
A) capture fisheries
B) pollination
C) crops
D) wood fuel
9) Centrally planned and free-market economies both:
A) function best without government regulations
B) rely upon the self-interests of individuals
C) represent ideals not found in pure form in any country
D) depend upon free access to the market
10) In a free-market society:
A) the needs of the poor are best met by the interests of business.
B) the interests of the poor, labor and business are the same
C) governments ensure the free flow of goods and services in international trade
D) the needs of the poor are often not met by business interests but by government
programs
11) The World Trade Organization:
A) mainly regulates the use of global environmental resources
B) guards human rights and the environmental resources of the world
C) is widely recognized as the leader of global trade regulation
D) has steadily lost the power to regulate internati ...
Please write your answers in the spaces following the questions. .docxLeilaniPoolsy
Please write your answers in the spaces following the questions.
You may use your text book for this exam. But please work individually.
It is due on Monday the last day of class.
Name
1) According to the Environmental Science text, the underlying issue underlying all environmental problems is:
a) the rapid growth in human population
b) the refusal of developing nations to stop using CFCs
c) the Greenhouse Effect
d) contaminated soil and drinking water
e) our generation does not have a global perspective on environmental problems and how to solve them
Answer
2) List the six unifying themes in environmental science introduced in the first chapter of the textbook.
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
3) One distinction between (A) science and (B) religion, ethics, and morals is that scientific statements are:
a) disprovable
b) universally accepted
c) inference
d) deductive
e) numerical
Answer
4) Like the Scientific Method, the process of making decisions can be presented as a series of steps. List these steps, as enumerated in the textbook.
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
5)
The flooding disaster of the Missouri River is a good example of
a) a materially closed system
b) a human attempt to control a natural ecological system
c) misuse of the carrying capacity of the environment
d) overpopulation of an environment
e) a natural fixed ecological system
Answer
6) The growth rate at which the amount increases at a constant rate for a fixed unit of time is called:
a) linear growth
b) negative feedback
c) exponential growth
d) positive feedback
e) equilibrium
Answer
7) Which of the following examples describes the maximum number of a particular species that an environment can support without degrading the environment?
a) demographic transition
b) replacement fertility curve
c) logistic growth curve
d) sustainability
e) carrying capacity
Answer
8) Which of the following examples describes the movement of a nation from a high population growth to a low population growth?
a) demographic transition
b) replacement fertility curve
c) logistic growth curve
d) sustainability
e) carrying capacity
Answer
9) An ecological community is:
a) a set of interacting species that occur in the same place
b) a system of interdependent living and nonliving components in a given area over a given period of time
c) a system based on the living environment
d) the smallest group that has all characteristics necessary to sustain life
e) the total physical and chemical environment of a continent
Answer
10)
The most basic processes in an ecosystem are:
a) photosynthesis and respiration
b) transport and storage of food
c) trophic chains and storage of food
d) flow of energy and cycling of chemical elements
e) waste decomposition and cycling of energy
Answer
11) The reservoirs and pathways that any chemical element follows through the Earth’s system is called the:
a) carbon cycle
b) nitrogen cycle
c) hydrologic cycle
d) geological cycle
e) biogeochemical cycle
Answe.
1) If atmospheric carbon dioxide was eliminated from our atmospher.docxhirstcruz
1) If atmospheric carbon dioxide was eliminated from our atmosphere, we would expect that the
Earth would:
A) cool considerably and photosynthesis would dramatically increase
B) cool considerably and photosynthesis would dramatically decrease
C) heat up considerably and photosynthesis would dramatically increase
D) heat up considerably and photosynthesis would dramatically decrease
2) Which of the following is a correlation that is causing widespread concern?
A) As atmospheric oxygen levels decline, the ozone layer is being destroyed.
B) As atmospheric carbon dioxide levels decline, the ozone layer is being destroyed.
C) As levels of methane decline, average global temperatures are increasing.
D) As levels of carbon dioxide increase, average global temperatures are increasing.
3) Which of the following is part of natural capital but not ecosystem capital?
A) solar energy used to drive photosynthesis throughout the biosphere
B) coal and oil reserves
C) the production of electrical energy from wind turbines and dams
D) the genetic diversity of all plants and animals used in modern agriculture
4) From an ecological economist’s perspective, without sustainability, as economies grow:
A) gross national product grows too
B) natural resources are renewed
C) the natural world is depleted
D) natural ecosystems are replenished
5) Natural capital includes ecosystem capital plus:
A) natural forms of energy, such as solar, wind, and flowing water
B) nonrenewable resources such as fossil fuels
C) money available to invest in growing industry
D) all of the products of photosynthesis in the biosphere
6) The concept of sustainability requires that:
A) economic growth does not exceed the renewal of natural capital
B) all sources of energy used in an economy must come from the sun
C) global economic systems are based on the harvesting of natural products
D) economies use equal portions of land, labor, and capital
7) Uncertain about the best way to keep his new lizard alive, Jerome places a heat lamp at one
end of the long lizard cage. Over several days, Jerome notices that the lizard tends to sit in a
certain place when the lamp is on. The lizard’s selection of a particular place to stay
represents its:
A) range of tolerance
B) temperature optimum
C) biotic conditioning
D) use of a limited resource
8) As global climate change warms certain mountain ranges, the temperature optima for the insect
species living on the mountain is causing these insects to:
A) move higher up the mountain
B) move down the mountain
C) move to a new biome
D) become parasitic
9) Energy is lost as it moves from one trophic level to the next because:
A) one trophic level does not consume the entire trophic level below it
B) some of the calories consumed drive cellular activities and do not add mass
C) some ingested materials are undigested and eliminated
D) All of the above.
10) In general, biomes at.
1) The Millennium Ecosystem Assessment primarily characterized human.docxNarcisaBrandenburg70
1) The Millennium Ecosystem Assessment primarily characterized human impact on:
A) atmospheric carbon dioxide levels
B) degradation of the ozone layer
C) ecosystem services
D) plate tectonics
2) The Fourth Assessment Report, released in 2007 concluded that global climate change is
caused at least in part by the:
A) human use of fossil fuels to generate electricity and power engines
B) human use of chlorofluorocarbons in refrigeration systems
C) harvesting of millions of acres of corn, wheat, and soybeans around the world every year
D) depletion of groundwater supplies
3) Carbon dioxide in the atmosphere contributes to global warming by:
A) transmitting visible light and absorbing infrared radiation
B) transmitting infrared radiation and absorbing visible light
C) transmitting infrared radiation and visible light
D) absorbing infrared radiation and visible light
4) The Doha Round of WTO meetings have failed to reach agreement about:
A) currency exchange
B) converting the economies of developed nation from green to brown
C) farm subsidies and trade barriers
D) how to control public protests at future WTO meetings
5) The classical economic paradigm and the new ecological economic paradigm differ in the way
that:
A) each views the land, either as a resource within the human economy (classical) or as
something that encompasses the economy (ecological)
B) the value of capital is assessed, either in dollars (classical) or as resources that can
be mined from the Earth (ecological)
C) labor is determined, either as the number of people who are unemployed, not
counting farmers (classical), or the number of people who are unemployed counting
farmers (ecological)
D) labor and capital are assessed, either counting the total labor and capital resources
available (classical) or that which is in use in operations (ecological)
6) The ecological economic paradigm argues that the environment encompasses the economy
because the environment is essential to provide:
A) the energy necessary to run our homes and factories.
B) solar energy needed for plants and to light our environment during the day.
C) transportation along highways, railways, rivers, and oceans.
D) vital raw materials and ecosystem services and absorb wastes.
7) The ecological economists’ view emphasizes the role of:
A) amount and quality of capital available to industry.
B) abundance of well-trained, well-educated labor that is available.
C) natural ecosystems.
D) public’s understanding of the natural environment.
8) In some deserts, there are mice and lizards that are about the same size. The mice eat grains
and the lizards feed on insects. Given this information, we would expect that the biomass of the:
A) lizards would be about the same as the mice.
B) lizards would be greater than the mice.
C) mice would be greater than the lizards.
D) lizards and mice would be about 10 times greater than the organisms that they consume.
9) Why are there so fe.
Unit 1 Examination38GED 108 Environmental ScienceM.docxmarilucorr
Unit 1 Examination
38
GED 108 Environmental Science
Multiple Choice Questions (Enter your answers on the enclosed answer sheet)
1) Most of the world population growth in the near future will be in:
A) Europe
B) North America
C) developing countries
D) developed countries
2) If the Millennium Development Goals are achieved by 2015:
A) at least 30 developing countries will move into the developed category.
B) more than 400 million people will be lifted out of extreme poverty.
C) the population of the world will stop increasing.
D) people in the developing world will all have basic medical coverage.
3) The economic gap between developing and industrialized countries may best be narrowed by:
A) the adoption of democratic forms of government in developing countries
B) industrialized countries increasing shipments of food supplies to developing countries
C) industrialized countries harvesting more natural resources in developing countries
D) stabilizing population growth in developing countries
4) Which of the following ecosystem service degradations is not a major environmental concern for
sustainable development?
A) overfishing the oceans
B) degrading agricultural soils
C) depleting supplies of coal
D) cutting forests faster than they can regrow
5) Ecosystem capital includes:
A) erosion control
B) decreased in the amount of crops grown
C) increase in the number of cars traveling in a particular region
D) All of the above.
6) The “Environmentalist’s Paradox” is:
A) As human population decreases, ecosystem health also decreases.
B) As human well-being increases, natural ecosystem decreases.
C) The more non-renewable resources we use, the more new resources we discover.
D) As biodiversity decreases, ecosystem health increases.
Unit 1 Examination
39
GED 108 Environmental Science
7) World population growth over the past 500 years has most resembled the letter:
A) M
B) U
C) S
D) J
8) Which one of the following ecosystem services has been enhanced most by human use?
A) capture fisheries
B) pollination
C) crops
D) wood fuel
9) Centrally planned and free-market economies both:
A) function best without government regulations
B) rely upon the self-interests of individuals
C) represent ideals not found in pure form in any country
D) depend upon free access to the market
10) In a free-market society:
A) the needs of the poor are best met by the interests of business.
B) the interests of the poor, labor and business are the same
C) governments ensure the free flow of goods and services in international trade
D) the needs of the poor are often not met by business interests but by government
programs
11) The World Trade Organization:
A) mainly regulates the use of global environmental resources
B) guards human rights and the environmental resources of the world
C) is widely recognized as the leader of global trade regulation
D) has steadily lost the power to regulate internati ...
Please write your answers in the spaces following the questions. .docxLeilaniPoolsy
Please write your answers in the spaces following the questions.
You may use your text book for this exam. But please work individually.
It is due on Monday the last day of class.
Name
1) According to the Environmental Science text, the underlying issue underlying all environmental problems is:
a) the rapid growth in human population
b) the refusal of developing nations to stop using CFCs
c) the Greenhouse Effect
d) contaminated soil and drinking water
e) our generation does not have a global perspective on environmental problems and how to solve them
Answer
2) List the six unifying themes in environmental science introduced in the first chapter of the textbook.
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
3) One distinction between (A) science and (B) religion, ethics, and morals is that scientific statements are:
a) disprovable
b) universally accepted
c) inference
d) deductive
e) numerical
Answer
4) Like the Scientific Method, the process of making decisions can be presented as a series of steps. List these steps, as enumerated in the textbook.
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
5)
The flooding disaster of the Missouri River is a good example of
a) a materially closed system
b) a human attempt to control a natural ecological system
c) misuse of the carrying capacity of the environment
d) overpopulation of an environment
e) a natural fixed ecological system
Answer
6) The growth rate at which the amount increases at a constant rate for a fixed unit of time is called:
a) linear growth
b) negative feedback
c) exponential growth
d) positive feedback
e) equilibrium
Answer
7) Which of the following examples describes the maximum number of a particular species that an environment can support without degrading the environment?
a) demographic transition
b) replacement fertility curve
c) logistic growth curve
d) sustainability
e) carrying capacity
Answer
8) Which of the following examples describes the movement of a nation from a high population growth to a low population growth?
a) demographic transition
b) replacement fertility curve
c) logistic growth curve
d) sustainability
e) carrying capacity
Answer
9) An ecological community is:
a) a set of interacting species that occur in the same place
b) a system of interdependent living and nonliving components in a given area over a given period of time
c) a system based on the living environment
d) the smallest group that has all characteristics necessary to sustain life
e) the total physical and chemical environment of a continent
Answer
10)
The most basic processes in an ecosystem are:
a) photosynthesis and respiration
b) transport and storage of food
c) trophic chains and storage of food
d) flow of energy and cycling of chemical elements
e) waste decomposition and cycling of energy
Answer
11) The reservoirs and pathways that any chemical element follows through the Earth’s system is called the:
a) carbon cycle
b) nitrogen cycle
c) hydrologic cycle
d) geological cycle
e) biogeochemical cycle
Answe.
ECS111 P SEALEY EXAM 2 STUDY QUESTIONS 2019 1 .docxtidwellveronique
ECS111 P SEALEY EXAM 2 STUDY QUESTIONS 2019
1
EXAM 2 IS TUESDAY APRIL 9th, 2019
REVIEW ESFCW CHAPTERS 5 and 6
EXAM 2 is worth 15 POINTS
1. Which of the following statements is an example of climate?
a. The temperature today is unusually cold for this time of year.
b. Heavy local rains caused flooding in low-lying areas.
c. Long winters and hot, humid summers are typical of the upper Midwest.
d. If the drought in Oklahoma continues next year, it will be the worst since the Dust Bowl.
e. High humidity intensifies the oppressive heat.
2. The evolution of the average behavior of the Earth’s atmosphere over time is called
a. weather. b. climate.
c. climate change. d. hurricanes.
e. stratospheric migration.
3. Components of the climate system do not include
a. the sun. b. oceans.
c. glaciers. d. the atmosphere.
e. cosmic rays.
4. What is e-waste and why is it a concern?
5. Which of the following is not a driver in Earth’s climate?
a. The gravitational pull of the moon b. The sun
c. Ocean currents d. Carbon dioxide in the atmosphere
e. Clouds
6. Which of the following statements concerning the composition of the atmosphere is true?
a. Water consistently is the gas present in the highest concentrations.
b. N2 and O2 concentrations tend to be variable.
c. CO2 is present in the lowest concentration of all gases.
d. Methane concentration is about 17 parts per million by volume.
e. Carbon monoxide concentration is 388 parts per million.
7. What is the difference between a sanitary land fill and an open dump? Does garbage decompose more quickly in a
sanitary landfill?
8. If you were to measure the composition of the atmosphere across the globe, the composition would be relatively
constant except for
a. nitrogen and oxygen.
b. oxygen and helium.
c. helium and carbon dioxide.
d. carbon dioxide and water vapor.
e. water vapor and ozone.
9. Ozone exists mostly
a. in the stratosphere. b. underground in reservoirs.
c. dissolved in water. d. in the cryosphere.
e. None of the above
ECS111 P SEALEY EXAM 2 STUDY QUESTIONS 2019
2
10. Incident ultraviolet radiation from the sun is blocked by
a. clouds. b. sulfur dioxide.
c. chlorofluorocarbons. d. methane.
e. ozone.
11. Are most plastics degradable, biodegradable or non-degradable waste? How well do plastics break down?
12. The greatest quantity of fresh water is held in
a. rivers. b. lakes. c. ground water. d. oceans. e. glaciers and ice caps.
13. Which of the following does not play a role in reflecting incident sunlight back into space?
a. Methane b. Ice
c. Clouds d. Sulfur oxides
e. Particulate matter suspended in the atmosphere
14. Other than CO2, what greenhouse gas has the longest lifetime in the atmosphere?
a. Nitrous oxide b. Ozone
c. CFCs d. Methane
e. Both a and c
15. Without the greenhouse effect, the atm.
BIOL 143
Exam 3 (ch13, 18, 28)
Chapter 13
1) Natural selection can be defined as ______.
A) the evolution of a population of organisms
B) a process in which changes in gene frequencies result from evolution
C) the production of more offspring than can survive in a given environment
D) a process in which organisms with certain inherited traits are more likely to survive and reproduce than individuals with other traits
2) What did Darwin find in South America that suggested that the Andes mountains had been gradually lifted up over millions of years?
A) bird fossils at the top of mountains in Argentina
B) dinosaur bones in the Amazon basin
C) marine snail fossils high up in the Andes mountains
D) impressions of ocean waves at the top of a mountain
3) Which of the following is a component of the fossil record?
A) the distribution of murid rodents in Australia and Asia
B) the similarity of the forelimbs of cats and bats
C) molecular sequences
D) bones of extinct whales
4) The oldest known fossils are from about ______ years ago.
A) 3.5 billion
B) 6,000
C) 4.0 million
D) 1.0 billion
5) Homology is evidence of ______.
A) biogeography
B) convergent evolution
C) natural selection
D) common ancestry
6) Which of the following is a population?
A) the termites infesting your house along with the microorganisms living in their guts
B) all of the termites that have ever lived
C) all organisms living in your house
D) the termites infesting your house
7) Which of the following is likely to be the result of polygenic inheritance?
A) freckles
B) an extra finger
C) human height
D) ABO blood type
8) Genetic drift is the result of ______.
A) natural selection
B) chance
C) a large gene pool
D) environmental variation
9) Gene flow is accomplished by ______.
A) migration
B) sexual recombination
C) mutation
D) natural selection
10) What does evolutionary fitness measure?
A) physical health
B) longevity
C) relative reproductive success
D) population size
11) Which of the following is an example of directional selection?
A) The birth weight at which newborn humans are most likely to survive and the average weight of newborn humans are about the same.
B) There is an increase in antibiotic-resistant strains of bacteria.
C) There is an increase in the number of different breeds of dog.
D) Garter snakes with different coloration patterns behave differently when threatened.
12) Which of the following is an example of disruptive selection?
A) The birth weight at which newborn humans are most likely to survive and the average weight of newborn humans are about the same.
B) There is an increase in antibiotic-resistant strains of bacteria.
C) There is an increase in the number of different breeds of dog.
D) Garter snakes with different coloration patterns behave differently when threatened.
13) Which of the following is most likely to decrease genetic variation?
A) directional selection
B) mutation
C) stabilizing ...
See this link for associated lesson plan in HotRock module Global Warming, Global Warning
http://www.thehotrock.org.au/hotrockcatalogue/society--environment/year-8/global-warming,-global-warning.aspx
EXAM 1 STUDY GUIDE CONSIDER LECTURES UP TO 26 FEB and TEXT Bgalinagrabow44ms
EXAM 1 STUDY GUIDE
CONSIDER LECTURES UP TO 26 FEB and TEXT BOOK CHAPTERS UP THOURGH MODULE 4.1 (Through HUMAN POPULATIONS)
1.
Give a basic definition of biodiversity.
2.
Which of the following accurately reflects the connection between science, decision-making, and environmental science? a. Science and environmental science rely on evidence; good decision-making only sometimes relies on evidence.
b. Science and good decision-making rely on evidence; environmental science does not always rely on evidence.
c. Science relies on good decision-making and environmental science relies on evidence.
d. Science and good decision-making relies on evidence; environmental science relies on good decision-making.
e. Science and good decision-making rely on evidence; environmental science relies on evidence.
3.
Compare the life history strategy of a deer mouse with that of a bear, and identify each as either an r- or K-selected species.
4.
Why are tertiary information sources considered less reliable than primary and secondary sources? What is a primary source?
5.
What is an environmental footprint? How is this used to measure sustainability?
6.
Scientists have studied the impact of clear cutting forests on erosion and waterways. They know that clear cutting will cause erosion and waterways will suffer the impact of sediment loading. Evaluate the situation and choose the statement that best explains how humans may perceive the risks involved.
a. Since the chance of disaster is low humans will not have biases about this situation.
b. Although the seriousness of the impact is well known people’s judgment may still vary dramatically.
c. All people understand this situation and will work together on a solution. d. Both a and c
e. None of the above
7.
Why are some people more vulnerable to toxic substances than other people, even if exposed to the same dose?
8.
Explain how a composting toilet works. Use a diagram to explain the cycling of water and organic matter.
9.
Distinguish between chronic and acute effects cuased by exposure to toxic substances.
10.
List THREE abiotic parameters and THREE biotic parameters: ABIOTIC
1
2
3
BIOTIC
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11.
Which of the following best describes ecosystem capital? a. mineral and living resources of the earth.
b. living organisms and other renewable resources of the earth.
c. natural resources such as forests and fisheries.
d. natural resources (goods) and services provided by ecosystems
e. ecosystem services that support life on earth
12.
Refer to the figure below to determine which country has the lowest population size but the highest density?
a. Asia
b. South Africa
c. Eastern Europe
d. Western Europe
e. Oceania
13.
List three of the things you might measure to determine your ecolo ...
How to Create Map Views in the Odoo 17 ERPCeline George
The map views are useful for providing a geographical representation of data. They allow users to visualize and analyze the data in a more intuitive manner.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
The Indian economy is classified into different sectors to simplify the analysis and understanding of economic activities. For Class 10, it's essential to grasp the sectors of the Indian economy, understand their characteristics, and recognize their importance. This guide will provide detailed notes on the Sectors of the Indian Economy Class 10, using specific long-tail keywords to enhance comprehension.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology:
Ethnobotany in herbal drug evaluation,
Impact of Ethnobotany in traditional medicine,
New development in herbals,
Bio-prospecting tools for drug discovery,
Role of Ethnopharmacology in drug evaluation,
Reverse Pharmacology.
How to Split Bills in the Odoo 17 POS ModuleCeline George
Bills have a main role in point of sale procedure. It will help to track sales, handling payments and giving receipts to customers. Bill splitting also has an important role in POS. For example, If some friends come together for dinner and if they want to divide the bill then it is possible by POS bill splitting. This slide will show how to split bills in odoo 17 POS.
The Art Pastor's Guide to Sabbath | Steve ThomasonSteve Thomason
What is the purpose of the Sabbath Law in the Torah. It is interesting to compare how the context of the law shifts from Exodus to Deuteronomy. Who gets to rest, and why?
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
1. SCI 256 Final Exam
Link : http://uopexam.com/product/sci-256-final-exam/
SCI 256 Final Exam Answers
FINAL EXAM TEST
1. According to the Environmental Science text, the environmental statement of the
2. 1990s was “saving our planet”. Is earth’s very survival really in danger?
A) no, because in the long view, the changes humans have made to earth will be
cleansed by natural processes
B) no, because sustainability refers only to the next 2 generations of humans
C) yes, because resources are becoming really sparse
D) yes, because energy will run out
E) none of these
2. The total amount of food produced each year worldwide is sufficient to feed all th
e
world’s people today. Why do famines nevertheless occur?
A) food production is insufficient in some local areas
B) logging destroys agricultural land
C) worldwide transportation of food is inadequate
D) severe local shortage of firewood affects the ability to cook
E) food production is insufficient in some local areas and worldwide
transportation of food is inadequate
Page 1
3. An observation that is agreed upon by the majority of scientists is called a
A) hypothesis
3. B) controlled experiment
C) technology
D) theory
E) fact
4. Which of the following is the correct sequence of steps, from beginning to end, in
the Scientific Method:
A) hypothesis –> controlled experiment –> inferences –> conclusions
B) conclusions –> controlled experiment –> observations –> hypothesis
C) controlled experiment –> inferences –> deductive proof –> hypothesis
D) observations –> hypothesis –> controlled experiment –> conclusions
E) conclusions –> observations –> alter observations to fit conclusions –
> future
research grants and awards
Page 2
5. A chemical spill has occurred on the shore of a lake in an area where the
underlying aquifer is widely used as a drinking water supply. The pollutants
threaten to flow into both the surface water and the groundwater. The residence
time of water in the lake is short, and the residence time in the groundwater is
long. Which of the following statements is correct?
A) pollutants will quickly invade the lake and will linger there the longest
4. B) pollutants will quickly invade the groundwater and will linger there the
longest
C) pollutants will quickly invade the groundwater, but will linger longest in the
lake
D) pollutants will quickly invade the lake, but will linger longest in the
groundwater
E) there is no cause for alarm
6. The region of the Earth where life exists is known as:
A) the biota
B) the crust
C) the biosphere
D) the biozone
E) Gaia
Page 3
7. Epidemic diseases include all of the following except:
A) influenza
B) measles
C) cholera
D) cancer
5. E) plague
8.Decreased death rate and the accelerated rate of human population growth are
related to: I. improved sanitation and health
II. increased food supply
III. control of disease-spreading organisms
A) I only
B) II only
C) III only
D) I and II
E) I, II and III
Page 4
9. Which of the following cycles involves the movement of water from the surface of
the Earth through the atmosphere back to the surface of the Earth?
A) carbon cycle
B) nitrogen cycle
C) hydrologic cycle
D) geological cycle
E) biochemical cycle
10. The substance with the greatest significance for the global carbonate-
silicate cycle
6. is:
A) limestone
B) carbon dioxide
C) quartz minerals
D) water
E) fossil fuels
Page 5
11. According to the Environmental Science text, an ecosystem:
A) introduces life to the environment
B) is the smallest system that includes and sustains life
C) is a set of interacting species that occur at the same place
D) is equivalent to an ecological community
E) is equivalent to an ecological community but excludes natural resources
12. Which of the following statements is true about omnivores?
A) omnivores only feed on dead animals
B) omnivores feed on several on trophic levels
C) omnivores feed on dead organic material
D) omnivores are aquatic animals that feed on algae
E) omnivores bacteria using chemosynthesis for food production
7. 13. In the open ocean, the first trophic level is composed primarily of:
A) small fish
B) zooplankton
C) whales
D) mussels
E) phytoplankton
Page 6
14. Firewood is the primary source of fuel for cooking and heating in many cultures.
Approximately what percentage of the world’s total energy use involves fire
wood?
A) 25%
B) 20%
C) 15%
D) 10%
E) 5%
15. Gradual, sequential changes in the composition of an ecosystem, particularly
following an initial disturbance is called:
A) tolerance
B) succession
8. C) facilitation
D) interference
E) reforestation
Page 7
16. Since the extensive fires in Yellowstone National Park in 1988, the park often h
as
been cited as an example of the connection between forest fire and natural
succession. An important part of understanding the danger of wildfire in
Yellowstone is understanding its history. From the time of the founding of the park
in 1872 until 1963, what was the policy regarding wildfires?
A) to suppress all fires
B) to allow all fires started naturally to burn naturally
C) park officials set annual control burns
D) seasonal control – suppress fires during the tourist season
E) to allow fires in areas with species that need fire to reproduce
17. What is the most important cause of starvation worldwide?
A) droughts
B) inadequate distribution of food resources
C) floods
D) global warming
9. E) genetically engineered crops replacing local crops
Page 8
18. Aquaculture refers to:
A) the production of flood-resistant crops
B) the production of rice and other water-growing crops
C) the production of aquatic animals for food
D) open-ocean fishing
E) the development of coastal tourist resorts
19. Deserts occur naturally where:
A) there is low temperature and low rainfall throughout the year
B) there is too little water for substantial plant growth
C) overgrazing removes water-holding vegetation
D) sand supply exceeds the ability of wind to transport it away
E) there is insufficient soil to grow plants
20. What is the main reason that DDT is still being used in large areas of the world
?
A) need to maximize crop yields in populous developing countries
B) coercion by U.S. chemical manufacturers
C) the chemical breaks down in tropical climates to a benign form
10. D) pests have developed a resistance to it
E) to combat malaria
Page 9
21. Which of the terms below refers to the phenomenon in which many species esc
ape
from a cut area and seek refuge in the border of the forest:
A) subsistence use
B) shelterwood cutting
C) selective cutting
D) edge effect
E) rotation use
22. The most fundamental difference between a park and a true wilderness area is:
A) a park is managed
B) a park has defined boundaries
C) conservation of species takes place
D) fewer species are found in a park
E) human access is excluded in wilderness areas
Page 10
23. As people clear land and modify the environment, species which _____ are esp
ecially
11. vulnerable to extinction.
A) are generalists
B) have highly specific habitats
C) are mammals
D) can adapt to a different environment
E) live in diverse ecosystems
24. Carrying capacity is the:
A) largest-sized individual that can survive in a given ecosystem
B) maximum number of a species that an environment can support without
degradation to the environment
C) maximum number of a species that can live in an environment without
competition among individuals
D) maximum number of a species confined to a specific area
E) variety of species that can live in one habitat without going extinct
Page 11
25. Which of the following are the three main energy sources used in the U.S?
A) petroleum, coal, and nuclear
B) wood, petroleum, and nuclear
C) hydroelectric, natural gas, and coal
12. D) coal, gasoline, and nuclear
E) petroleum, natural gas, and coal
26. The majority of Earth’s energy input comes from:
A) geothermal heat from the Earth’s interior
B) the Earth’s albedo
C) sunlight
D) combustion of fossil fuels
E) photolysis of ozone in the stratosphere
Page 12
27. _________ is an example of a fossil fuel; _________ is an example of an altern
ative
energy source; and _________ is an example of a renewable energy source:
A) coal; nuclear; solar
B) nuclear; solar; natural gas
C) nuclear; natural gas; hydroelectric
D) petroleum; solar; coal
E) hydroelectric; wind; solar
28. The Alaska National Wildlife Refuge (ANWR) has made headlines because of:
A) it is the leading source of coal in North America
B) proposals to explore for oil there
13. C) it is the proposed site for disposal of high-level nuclear waste
D) the Exxon Valdez oil spill occurred there
E) further oil migration there is blocked by a trap
Page 13
29. Which of the following is the strongest argument in favor of pollution allowance
trading:
A) it involves the greatest change in the existing marketplace
B) it is the best way to reduce or eliminate all local pollution problems
C) it is the option favored by the Sierra Club and other wilderness groups
D) individual businesses are given a range of options for complying with the law
E) allowance trading creates the greatest government control of pollution
emissions
30. Oil is:
A) organic matter transformed into liquid and gaseous hydrocarbons
B) inorganic matter transformed into liquid hydrocarbons
C) bituminous coals transformed into liquid and gaseous hydrocarbons
D) a variety of natural gases compressed by pressure
E) organic particles in water
Page 14
14. 31. Which of the following terms refers to energy produced from any source other
than fossil fuels:
A) power tower
B) alternative energy
C) fuel cell
D) biofuel
E) renewable energy
32. What is geothermal energy?
A) a thermal spring
B) heat energy in the core of the earth
C) the rate of temperature increase with depth in the Earth
D) heat derived from a geothermal power plant
E) useful conversion of natural heat from the interior of the Earth
Page 15
33. What one factor, more than others, determines the suitability of tidal power for
a
coastal site?
A) the cost of building the plant
B) sediment supply and transport
C) the frequency of tides
15. D) large tidal range
E) size and frequency of storm events
34. The worst accident in the history of commercial nuclear power happened in 198
6
at Chernobyl, where a uranium fuel meltdown occurred. According to the
Environmental Science text, in the next 20 to 30 years, there will be an increase in
cancer:
A) worldwide
B) in the northern hemisphere
C) in northern Europe
D) within 100-200 km of the reactor side
E) in workers at the plant the day of the accident
Page 16
35. The Energy Policy Act of 2005 considered the role of nuclear power in the U.S.
energy mix. Its recommendation was to:
A) resume building new nuclear power plants in the U.S.
B) halt to construction of all new nuclear power plants in the U.S.
C) temporarily hold construction of new nuclear power plants until the Yucca
Mountain site is operational
16. D) transition from fission to fusion power
E) replace all existing nuclear reactors in the U.S. by pebble-
bed reactors by 2010
36. What is an aquifer?
A) a canal or system to transport water over long distances
B) a zone of hot, pressurized groundwater
C) a rock that holds and transmits water
D) a rock in which permeability is low
E) the area of a drainage basin which recharges water into the system
Page 17
37. “Instream use” refers to:
A) water removed from a river and eventually returned to the river
B) use for agricultural purposes
C) evaporation during transport in pipes or canals
D) use by cities or agriculture in the close vicinity of the river
E) uses of the river or lake itself, without removing water
38. Desalination is a promising source of water for some locations because:
A) desalinated water can be delivered at a lower cost than many water sources
B) desalination produces water purer than surface water and approaching the
purity of groundwater
17. C)
desalination requires less energy than transporting water over long distance
s
D) desalination is a potential water source for even the most arid coastal area
E) all of these
Page 18
39. The amount of phosphorus and nitrogen in groundwater probably would be
greatest:
A) in undisturbed forest land
B) in agricultural land in the developed world
C) in agricultural land in the developing world
D) downhill from a petroleum refinery
E) downhill from an urban population center
40. According to the Environmental Science text, what is the most critical water
pollution problem in the world?
A) lack of clean, disease-free drinking water
B) thermal pollution
C) municipal sewage
D) sediment polluted waters
E) industrial effluent
Page 19
18. 41. During the last two million years or so, the climate of the Earth has:
A) been very nearly constant
B) swung sharply both up and down in temperature
C) slowly decreased in humidity
D) slowly increased in temperature
E) seen a steady decrease in precipitation worldwide
42. Large volcanic eruptions appear to make the Earth’s climate ________
_, at least
temporarily.
A) drier
B) more stormy
C) wetter
D) cooler
E) less stormy
Page 20
43. Carbon monoxide is particularly dangerous to humans because:
A) it damages the nervous system
B) low concentrations affect healthy and sickly people equally
C) its deleterious effects increase with decreasing altitude
19. D) it prevents O2 from reaching vital tissues
E) all of these
44. Atmospheric inversion conditions over urban areas pose a problem primarily
because:
A) the conditions are conducive to photochemical smog
B) pollutants are trapped and concentrated
C) the inhabitants can be cut off from oxygen
D) many sensitive plants and animals freeze to death
E) CFCs are concentrated and destroy protective ozone
Page 21
45. This is an ailment caused by long-
term exposure to air with high concentrations of
soot or carbon-rich dust:
A) formaldehyde
B) sick building syndrome
C) chimney effect
D) black lung disease
E) radon
46. The number of deaths caused by lung cancer due to exposure to radon is
20. comparable to the number of deaths caused by ______________ in the U.S. each
year.
A) plane crashes
B) lightening
C) car accidents
D) volcanic eruptions
E) old age
Page 22
47. The field of environmental economics seeks to:
A) find the most effective way to achieve rational solutions for environmental
problems
B) treat environmental problems no matter how expensive they might be
C) solve environmental problems by government fiscal policies
D) understand the purpose of scientific and technical solutions to environmental
problems
E) bear the burden and the cost of environmental catastrophes
48. Many natural organisms and ecosystems perform service functions that are
beneficial to humans. These include all of the following except:
A) bees pollinating crops
B) bacteria fixing nitrogen in the ocean
21. C) salt marshes convert toxic compounds to nontoxic forms
D) biological degradation of toxic material applied to land
E) water in the atmosphere combines with sulfurous pollutants and rains to the
ground
Page 23
49. Before modern sanitation and medicine, a major control on population density i
n
European cities (and cities elsewhere) was:
A) cockroaches in kitchens, which limited the food supply
B) termites, which damaged wooden houses
C) fleas, which carried infectious diseases
D) pigeons, which spread excrement
E) mice and rats
50. Love Canal, near Niagara Falls, New York, illustrates which of the following
principles or problems?
A) disposal of hazardous chemical waste in an uncontrolled site
B) economic mineral reserves from sewage sludge
C) wild species re-establishing themselves in an urban setting
D) poor understanding of flood hazard
22. E) the difficulty in finding new solid waste sites as old dumps are filled to
capacity
Page 24
Answer Key
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