This document summarizes Brady Yano's presentation on advancing open educational resources (OER) in Ontario. It discusses how the high cost of textbooks presents a market failure and barrier to education. OER provide free and openly licensed alternatives that can be retained, reused, revised and redistributed. The document provides examples of OER being put into practice, including a degree at Tidewater Community College based entirely on OER. It also discusses open access to research and how self-archiving papers or publishing in open access journals can help make scholarship freely available. Key to advancing OER is open collaboration.

1. Advancing OER in Ontario
Brady Yano (@bradyyano)
Assistant Director of Open Education, SPARC
eCampus Ontario Student Engagement Seminar
18/10/2016 | Toronto, Ontario

2. @bradyyano
www.slideshare.com/bradyyano
www.sparcopen.org

3. Advanced education
is important

4. Advanced education
is expensive

6. Figure 1: Estimated Increases in New College Textbook Prices, College Tuition and
Fees, and Overall Consumer Price Inflation, 2002 to 2012
prices grew by 28 percent.
Source: GAO

7. Average Estimated Undergraduate Budgets, 2014-15
Source: College Board
Books & Supplies = $1,249

11. Market Failure

12. Market Failure
5 major
publishers hold
nearly 90% of
the market
Source: Turning the Page by James Koch

13. Market Failure
Source: NACS.org

14. students are
captives, not
consumers

15. 2 in 3
Students say they decided against buying a
textbook because the cost is too high
Source: Student PIRGs

16. 1 in 2
Students say they have at some point taken
fewer courses due to the cost of textbooks
Source: Florida Virtual Campus

17. <1 in 2
Students purchase a current
edition of their textbook
Source: Book Industry Study Group

18. we can do better.

19. OPEN
EDUCATIONAL
RESOURCES

20. Hewlett Foundation Definition:
“OER are teaching, learning, and research
resources that reside in the public domain or
are released under an intellectual property
license that permits their free use and
repurposing by others”

21. OPEN
EDUCATIONAL
RESOURCES
Free + Reuse Rights
• Retain
• Reuse
• Revise
• Remix
• Redistribute

22. “some rights reserved”
www.creativecommons.org

23. most
open
least
open
OER

24. where are the OER?

27. open.umn.edu

28. • Higher or equivalent grades
• Higher average credit load
• Higher or equivalent completion rates

29. Putting open into
action

31. I wanted my students to gain hands on experience
managing a project… So I asked my students to
engage in a very large scale revise / remix project.”
- @opencontent

32. The cost of college textbooks has risen 812% since 1978, more
than the rates of inflation, health care, new home prices, and
college tuition.
More and more, college students are unable to afford their
textbooks, and as many as 70% of students have reported
avoiding buying at least one textbook for their courses. Not
surprisingly, these students do not do as well academically.
As of May 2013, if a TCC student purchased all of the textbooks
required for a business administration degree, that student would
spend $3,678.95 on new books. While used textbooks may lower
this price, their availability is, at best, uneven.
But the problem with printed textbooks goes beyond financial cost; textbooks “ cost” students and teachers
in other ways as well.
Because textbooks are frequently written for broad audiences in the hopes that they will fill the learning
support needs and be adopted by large numbers of faculty and departments, they are filled with content
and exercises that are superfluous to a specific course’ s learning outcomes. The cost here is in teaching
efficiency and effectiveness.
Fortunately a solution to both problems exists.
Beginning in Fall 2013, TCC became the first college in the U.S. to create an Associate of Science degree
based solely on open educational resources (OER), academically vetted and publicly licensed content. After
Tidewater CommunityCollege
ismakingcollegemoreaffordable.

33. #textbookbrokeBC

41. http://www.phdcomics.com/comics/archive.php?comicid=1200
www.sparcopen.org

42. Source: Bohannon, John. Who’s Downloading Pirated Papers? Everyone. Science. April 2016. URL:
http://www.sciencemag.org/news/2016/04/whos-downloading-pirated-papers-everyone
www.sparcopen.org

44. Free, immediate online access
to scientific & scholarly articles
with full reuse rights
Budapest Open Access Initiative
www.sparcopen.org

45. Two paths to Open Access
Self-
archiving
Open Access
Journals
www.sparcopen.org

46. 1. Publish in an open-access journal
X 9,000
Source: Directory of Open Access Journals: www.doaj.org
www.sparcopen.org

47. X 2,000
2. Publish (most) anywhere,
deposit into an open-access repository
www.sparcopen.org

48. Institutional Policy

49. Institutional Open Access Policies
270 Institutions in 45 countries
Datafromroarmap.eprints.org.AccessedonDecember2,2014

51. Key to success?

52. Key to success?
open collaboration

53. Brady Yano
brady@sparcopen.org
@bradyyano
www.sparcopen.org