Eating disorder glossary (part i)
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This document provides definitions for various terms related to eating disorders. It defines and describes key concepts such as anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, binge eating, purging, amenorrhea, diuretics, and others. The definitions are intended to help understand the medical aspects and behaviors associated with different eating disorders.
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Eating disorder glossary (Part I)
This document defines various terms related to eating disorders including:
- Anorexia nervosa, which is self-induced starvation resulting in at least a 15% reduction in normal body weight along with amenorrhea and a distorted body image.
- Bulimia nervosa, which involves cycles of binge eating followed by purging through vomiting, laxative abuse, or excessive exercise to control weight.
- Binge eating disorder, where people engage in episodes of uncontrolled eating without purging.
- Other terms defined include purging, amenorrhea, aerobic exercise, and set point theory regarding weight regulation.
Constipation in hospitalized patients
Constipation is the symptom and is associated with primary & Secondary causes. Constipation is defined as occurrence of >3 episodes of bowel movements. the Rome III criteria defines the objective classification and bristol stool chart helps in assessing the type of stools passed. Management of constipation deals with early assess, treating the cause, adjuvant management, Pharmacological Management (laxatives, suppositories & enemas) and following constipation prevention bundle.
Constipation
This document describes a case of a 33-year-old female accountant experiencing worsening constipation. On examination, she was found to have paradoxical anal contractions and increased perineal descent on straining. Anorectal manometry confirmed these findings and showed she was unable to expel a balloon in two minutes, indicating pelvic floor incoordination as the likely cause of her constipation. She was referred for biofeedback training, which has a 70% success rate for resolving constipation.
Constipation & diarrhea
1. The document defines constipation as infrequent and/or unsatisfactory bowel movements of less than 3 times per week. Constipation is a symptom rather than a disease and can be caused by slow colonic transit time, pelvic floor dysfunction, or functional issues.
2. Most cases of primary constipation are caused by slow colonic transit time. Risk factors include low fiber diet, low fluid intake, inactivity, ignoring the urge to defecate, and certain medications. Diagnosis involves history and physical; testing may include bloodwork and imaging if red flags are present.
3. Treatment involves non-drug approaches like diet, exercise and toilet habits or drug approaches including bulk-forming agents, osmot
CONSTIPATION PPT.DR SREEJOY PATNAIK
Constipation refers to bowel movements that are infrequent or hard to pass. Constipation is a common cause of painful defecation. Severe constipation includes obstipation (failure to pass stools or gas) and fecal impaction, which can progress to bowel obstruction and become life-threatening.
Constipation is a symptom with many causes. These causes are of two types: obstructed defecation and colonic slow transit (or hypo mobility). About 50 percent of people evaluated for constipation at tertiary referral hospitals have obstructed defecation. This type of constipation has mechanical and functional causes. Causes of colonic slow transit constipation include diet, hormonal disorders such as hypothyroidism, side effects of medications, and rarely heavy metal toxicity. Because constipation is a symptom, not a disease, effective treatment of constipation may require first determining the cause. Treatments include changes in dietary habits, laxatives, enemas, biofeedback, and in particular situations surgery may be required.
Constipation is common; in the general population rates of constipation varies from 2–30 percent. In elderly people living in care homes the rate of constipation is 50–75 percent.[4] In the United States expenditures on medications for constipation are greater than US$250 million per year.
The definition of constipation includes the following:
infrequent bowel movements (typically three times or fewer per week)
difficulty during defecation (straining during more than 25% of bowel movements or a subjective sensation of hard stools; straining in this context is a strong effort to push out stool often by holding one's breath and by pushing the respective muscles in the abdominal area hard), or
the sensation of incomplete bowel evacuation.
The Rome III criteria are widely used to diagnose chronic constipation, and are helpful in separating cases of chronic functional constipation from less-serious instances.
Another definition states that less than three bowel movements per week and straining on more than 75% of occasions represents constipation in clinical surveys.
Approach to constipation
Chronic constipation is a worldwide problem that can be primary or secondary. It involves two or more symptoms including difficult stool passage, decreased stool frequency of less than three times per week, and a sensation of incomplete evacuation or straining. The causes of constipation are complex and multifaceted. Treatment involves dietary changes with increased fluids and fiber intake, fiber supplements, laxatives, prokinetics, pelvic floor rehabilitation, sacral nerve stimulation or anorectal surgery depending on the severity and underlying cause. Complications can include hemorrhoids, anal fissures, rectal bleeding and impaction.
Symptomatic treatment of Constipation
This document provides guidelines for treating constipation and discusses various treatment options. It defines constipation and lists its common causes such as inadequate water/fiber intake, lack of exercise, and certain medications. Symptoms include infrequent and difficult bowel movements. Treatment focuses on lifestyle changes like increasing physical activity and fiber/water intake. Herbal remedies and over-the-counter laxatives provide short-term relief but should not be used long-term. Prescription laxatives may be used under a doctor's guidance. Special considerations are given for treating constipation during pregnancy and for older individuals.
Constipation Definition and causes
1. The document discusses constipation, summarizing its definition, symptoms, and causes. It answers questions about determining if a patient is constipated based on stool frequency, risk factors for the elderly, and factors that can predispose pregnancy to constipation.
2. Health problems like IBS, diabetes, renal failure and medications can lead to constipation by impacting bowel motility. Prolonged colon transit time can cause a condition called colonic inertia.
3. Hard stool can cause anal wounds and abscesses due to infection from the presence of feces in the rectal area. Diet and medications can both impact colon motility and the risk of constipation.
Recommended
Eating disorder glossary (Part I)
This document defines various terms related to eating disorders including:
- Anorexia nervosa, which is self-induced starvation resulting in at least a 15% reduction in normal body weight along with amenorrhea and a distorted body image.
- Bulimia nervosa, which involves cycles of binge eating followed by purging through vomiting, laxative abuse, or excessive exercise to control weight.
- Binge eating disorder, where people engage in episodes of uncontrolled eating without purging.
- Other terms defined include purging, amenorrhea, aerobic exercise, and set point theory regarding weight regulation.
Constipation in hospitalized patients
Constipation is the symptom and is associated with primary & Secondary causes. Constipation is defined as occurrence of >3 episodes of bowel movements. the Rome III criteria defines the objective classification and bristol stool chart helps in assessing the type of stools passed. Management of constipation deals with early assess, treating the cause, adjuvant management, Pharmacological Management (laxatives, suppositories & enemas) and following constipation prevention bundle.
Constipation
This document describes a case of a 33-year-old female accountant experiencing worsening constipation. On examination, she was found to have paradoxical anal contractions and increased perineal descent on straining. Anorectal manometry confirmed these findings and showed she was unable to expel a balloon in two minutes, indicating pelvic floor incoordination as the likely cause of her constipation. She was referred for biofeedback training, which has a 70% success rate for resolving constipation.
Constipation & diarrhea
1. The document defines constipation as infrequent and/or unsatisfactory bowel movements of less than 3 times per week. Constipation is a symptom rather than a disease and can be caused by slow colonic transit time, pelvic floor dysfunction, or functional issues.
2. Most cases of primary constipation are caused by slow colonic transit time. Risk factors include low fiber diet, low fluid intake, inactivity, ignoring the urge to defecate, and certain medications. Diagnosis involves history and physical; testing may include bloodwork and imaging if red flags are present.
3. Treatment involves non-drug approaches like diet, exercise and toilet habits or drug approaches including bulk-forming agents, osmot
CONSTIPATION PPT.DR SREEJOY PATNAIK
Constipation refers to bowel movements that are infrequent or hard to pass. Constipation is a common cause of painful defecation. Severe constipation includes obstipation (failure to pass stools or gas) and fecal impaction, which can progress to bowel obstruction and become life-threatening.
Constipation is a symptom with many causes. These causes are of two types: obstructed defecation and colonic slow transit (or hypo mobility). About 50 percent of people evaluated for constipation at tertiary referral hospitals have obstructed defecation. This type of constipation has mechanical and functional causes. Causes of colonic slow transit constipation include diet, hormonal disorders such as hypothyroidism, side effects of medications, and rarely heavy metal toxicity. Because constipation is a symptom, not a disease, effective treatment of constipation may require first determining the cause. Treatments include changes in dietary habits, laxatives, enemas, biofeedback, and in particular situations surgery may be required.
Constipation is common; in the general population rates of constipation varies from 2–30 percent. In elderly people living in care homes the rate of constipation is 50–75 percent.[4] In the United States expenditures on medications for constipation are greater than US$250 million per year.
The definition of constipation includes the following:
infrequent bowel movements (typically three times or fewer per week)
difficulty during defecation (straining during more than 25% of bowel movements or a subjective sensation of hard stools; straining in this context is a strong effort to push out stool often by holding one's breath and by pushing the respective muscles in the abdominal area hard), or
the sensation of incomplete bowel evacuation.
The Rome III criteria are widely used to diagnose chronic constipation, and are helpful in separating cases of chronic functional constipation from less-serious instances.
Another definition states that less than three bowel movements per week and straining on more than 75% of occasions represents constipation in clinical surveys.
Approach to constipation
Chronic constipation is a worldwide problem that can be primary or secondary. It involves two or more symptoms including difficult stool passage, decreased stool frequency of less than three times per week, and a sensation of incomplete evacuation or straining. The causes of constipation are complex and multifaceted. Treatment involves dietary changes with increased fluids and fiber intake, fiber supplements, laxatives, prokinetics, pelvic floor rehabilitation, sacral nerve stimulation or anorectal surgery depending on the severity and underlying cause. Complications can include hemorrhoids, anal fissures, rectal bleeding and impaction.
Symptomatic treatment of Constipation
This document provides guidelines for treating constipation and discusses various treatment options. It defines constipation and lists its common causes such as inadequate water/fiber intake, lack of exercise, and certain medications. Symptoms include infrequent and difficult bowel movements. Treatment focuses on lifestyle changes like increasing physical activity and fiber/water intake. Herbal remedies and over-the-counter laxatives provide short-term relief but should not be used long-term. Prescription laxatives may be used under a doctor's guidance. Special considerations are given for treating constipation during pregnancy and for older individuals.
Constipation Definition and causes
1. The document discusses constipation, summarizing its definition, symptoms, and causes. It answers questions about determining if a patient is constipated based on stool frequency, risk factors for the elderly, and factors that can predispose pregnancy to constipation.
2. Health problems like IBS, diabetes, renal failure and medications can lead to constipation by impacting bowel motility. Prolonged colon transit time can cause a condition called colonic inertia.
3. Hard stool can cause anal wounds and abscesses due to infection from the presence of feces in the rectal area. Diet and medications can both impact colon motility and the risk of constipation.
Management of constipation in adults 2.0
This document discusses the management of constipation in adults. Constipation is defined using Rome III criteria as having two of the following: straining, lumpy hard stools, incomplete evacuation, use of digital maneuvers, or less than three bowel movements per week. Therapy includes lifestyle modifications like increased fluid/fiber intake and exercise, as well as laxatives such as stimulants, osmotics, and bulk formers. For the case presented, an appropriate treatment would be the osmotic laxative lactulose.
Constipation
Constipation is a common digestive complaint characterized by infrequent and difficult bowel movements. It can be caused by factors within the colon like slow motility or blockages, or external factors like diet, medications, and medical conditions. Chronic constipation significantly reduces quality of life and may lead to complications like hemorrhoids, anal fissures, or impaction if left untreated. Treatment involves increasing fiber intake, hydration, exercise, stool softeners, and in severe cases newer medications or surgery to correct structural issues. With lifestyle changes and proper management, most patients' constipation can be effectively controlled.
Constipation & Diarrhoea
Constipation is generally defined as infrequent and/or unsatisfactory defecation fewer than 3 times per week.
Patients may define constipation as passing hard stools or straining, incomplete or painful defecation. It's a symptom NOT a disease.
Constipation has many causes and may be a sign of undiagnosed disease.
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A 55-year-old woman presented with a 6-month history of infrequent and hard bowel movements but no diarrhea or bleeding. She eats 3 meals per day but consumes little fiber. Her weight is stable. Further issues needing clarification include determining if she meets Rome III criteria for constipation and identifying any medications, diet changes, or medical conditions contributing to her symptoms. On physical exam, the abdomen and rectal exam would be expected to be normal, though hemorrhoids could potentially be present.
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This document discusses chronic constipation and provides information about Prulitop, a new treatment option. It summarizes that chronic constipation is a common issue, with various causes and symptoms. Current treatment options include laxatives, but these have risks if abused. Prulitop contains prucalopride, which works by agonizing 5HT4 receptors in the gut to increase fluid secretion and speed up transit time, providing an alternative to removed treatments. The document outlines the market for constipation drugs, target doctors and indications, and dosage recommendations for Prulitop.
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This document summarizes a case presentation of a 33-year-old male complaining of abdominal pain and diarrhea episodes. His symptoms meet the diagnostic criteria for irritable bowel syndrome. Through blood tests and modifying his poor diet and lifestyle, his symptoms improved significantly. The literature discussed notes IBS is a functional gastrointestinal disorder diagnosed through symptom criteria. Management involves addressing stressors and dietary triggers through diet modification and medication.
Chronic constipation
This document discusses chronic constipation. It notes that constipation prevalence increases with age and is affected by diet, lifestyle, and medical conditions. Diagnosis involves assessing symptoms, medical history, and tests of colon function. Treatment focuses on dietary fiber, laxatives, newer medications like lubiprostone and linaclotide, biofeedback therapy, and potentially surgery for severe cases not helped by other options.
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This document discusses the management of constipation in adults. Constipation is defined using Rome III criteria as having two of the following: straining, lumpy hard stools, incomplete evacuation, use of digital maneuvers, or less than three bowel movements per week. Therapy includes lifestyle modifications like increased fluid/fiber intake and exercise, as well as laxatives such as stimulants, osmotics, and bulk formers. For the case presented, an appropriate treatment would be the osmotic laxative lactulose.
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Constipation is a common digestive complaint characterized by infrequent and difficult bowel movements. It can be caused by factors within the colon like slow motility or blockages, or external factors like diet, medications, and medical conditions. Chronic constipation significantly reduces quality of life and may lead to complications like hemorrhoids, anal fissures, or impaction if left untreated. Treatment involves increasing fiber intake, hydration, exercise, stool softeners, and in severe cases newer medications or surgery to correct structural issues. With lifestyle changes and proper management, most patients' constipation can be effectively controlled.
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Constipation is generally defined as infrequent and/or unsatisfactory defecation fewer than 3 times per week.
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This document summarizes a case presentation of a 33-year-old male complaining of abdominal pain and diarrhea episodes. His symptoms meet the diagnostic criteria for irritable bowel syndrome. Through blood tests and modifying his poor diet and lifestyle, his symptoms improved significantly. The literature discussed notes IBS is a functional gastrointestinal disorder diagnosed through symptom criteria. Management involves addressing stressors and dietary triggers through diet modification and medication.
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This document discusses chronic constipation. It notes that constipation prevalence increases with age and is affected by diet, lifestyle, and medical conditions. Diagnosis involves assessing symptoms, medical history, and tests of colon function. Treatment focuses on dietary fiber, laxatives, newer medications like lubiprostone and linaclotide, biofeedback therapy, and potentially surgery for severe cases not helped by other options.
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Constipation in Elderly
Ms. C.J. is a 71-year-old woman who presents with hard, dry stools for weeks despite trying fiber and increased fluids. Her medical history includes hypertension, chronic renal insufficiency, and a stroke one year ago. Differential diagnoses include medication-induced constipation, colon cancer, or inadequate food intake. Treatment goals are to investigate the cause, educate the patient, and restore normal bowel movements. The treatment plan includes lifestyle modifications, probiotics, bulk laxatives, and osmotic laxatives if needed. She is prescribed PEG 17g daily for one week and asked to follow up if constipation is not resolved.
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Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a chronic functional disorder characterized by abdominal pain and changes in bowel habits without any underlying structural abnormality. The ROME IV criteria are used to diagnose IBS based on recurrent abdominal pain associated with changes in stool frequency or appearance. IBS is very common, affecting up to 21% of the population, and is more prevalent in women. While the exact cause is unknown, factors like altered gut motility, microbiome changes, and visceral hypersensitivity are thought to play a role. Evaluation focuses on excluding other potential causes through medical history, examination, and initial lab tests and imaging only if indicated.
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The document discusses dossier management for regulatory affairs. It defines a dossier as a collection of detailed information about a subject. Effective dossier management involves planning, formatting, compilation, and review. Key aspects include understanding regulatory requirements, compiling information in a clear format, and cross-checking for errors before submission. Proficiency with software like MS Office and Adobe Acrobat is important for dossier management.
EQUIPMENT VALIDATION
A validation programme involves various components in pharmaceutical organisation related to process, equipment and product.
It is a regulatory requirement for pharmaceutical companies to perform Instrument Validation on all new instruments.
Instrument Validation requires detailed knowledge of the instrumentation system being validated and is therefore usually performed by the company supplying the instrument.
Generic drug regulations for beginners.
This presentation is compiled by “ Drug Regulations” a not for profit organization from publicly available material from the world wide web.
Abbreviated New Drug Application [ANDA]
An Abbreviated New Drug Application (ANDA) contains data which when submitted to FDA's CDER, Office of Generic Drugs, provides for the review and ultimate approval of a generic drug product.
Lecture # 01, introduction to pharmacy
This lecture provides an introduction to the field of pharmacy. It defines pharmacy as both an art and a science focused on preparing and providing information about medications. It discusses the differences between drugs and medicines and outlines the roles and responsibilities of pharmacists. The lecture also covers common symbols used in pharmacy and provides overviews of key topics like pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, dosage form design, analysis of pharmaceutical products, and quality assurance/quality control.
Compliance by Design and Compliance Master Plan
In this presentation from IVT's GMP Week, Journal of Validation Technology Editor-in-Chief, Paul Pluta, Ph.D., asks "can compliance be improved by using quality by design [QbD] concepts?" Pluta discussed the QbD application, development of validation master plans, and the lifecycle approach to process validation. Furthermore, he discusses how to incorporate these essential parts of the validation process to implement effective, and efficient, compliance by design into the quality system.
Incorporate Domestic and International Regulations for Effective GMP Auditing
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In this presentation from, Janeen Santorosa discusses the best practices for harmonization of GMP auditing, domestic and international regulations for supplier auditing, integration of risk-based practices, and supplier audit practice tools.ABBREVIATED NEW DRUG APPLICATION (ANDA) by Anthony crasto
This document provides an overview of Abbreviated New Drug Applications (ANDAs) in 3 sentences or less:
The document introduces ANDAs as applications submitted to FDA to review and approve generic drug products once approved, allowing manufacturers to market safe and effective low-cost alternatives, and discusses various topics related to ANDA guidelines, requirements, review process, and regulations. It is dedicated to the author's son and aims to provide information to both academia and industry through free websites and articles to support millions of readers.
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This session from the Institute of Validation Technology's 14th Annual CSV Conference looks at B. Braun’s journey in moving from an in-house validated training tracking system to learning management in the cloud.Viewers also liked (20)
Generic drug approval in the United States - ANDA regulations
Generic drug approval in the United States - ANDA regulations
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regulatory requirement for validation in pharma industry
regulatory requirement for validation in pharma industry
Incorporate Domestic and International Regulations for Effective GMP Auditing
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Similar to Eating disorder glossary (part i)
Dying to be thin eating disorders overview
This document discusses eating disorders and provides an overview. The key points are:
1. Eating disorders have increased threefold in the last 50 years and affect about 10% of the population, with 90% of cases being young women and girls.
2. Eating disorders include conditions like anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, binge eating disorder, and other specified feeding or eating disorders.
3. Anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa have the highest mortality rates of any mental illness according to studies, with crude mortality rates of 4-5.2%.
Biological foundation of behaviour- hunger
This document discusses theories of hunger and eating behaviors. It covers brain processes involved in hunger, theories like glucostatic and lipostatic set points, and positive incentive perspectives. Conditions like obesity and anorexia nervosa are examined in terms of causes, definitions, and treatments. Leptin's role in regulating body fat is described.
Disease associated with gastrointestinal tract and its treatment.docx
Disease associated with gastrointestinal tract and its treatment
Imtiaj Hossain Chowdhury
B’Pharm (Jahangirnagar University), M’Pharm (Jahangirnagar University)
Master’s in Public Health (American International University Bangladesh)
Psychiatry 5th year, 7th lecture (Dr. Nazar M. Mohammad Amin)
- Eating disorders like anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa are multifactorial conditions influenced by genetic, environmental, and sociocultural factors. They are characterized by distorted body image and unhealthy behaviors around food and weight loss.
- Anorexia nervosa involves severe calorie restriction and weight loss, while bulimia nervosa involves binge eating followed by purging. Both can have serious physical and psychological complications if left untreated.
- Obesity is influenced by genetic and environmental factors like diet and exercise habits. It is an epidemic condition associated with health issues like cardiovascular disease and diabetes. Treatment involves lifestyle changes as well as potential medication or surgery for severe cases.
Eating Disorders Part 1
Eating disorders develop due to a combination of societal, familial, and individual factors that influence self-image and identity. People with eating disorders use disordered eating behaviors as an unhealthy coping mechanism to deal with emotions and feel a sense of control. Eating disorders are serious mental illnesses characterized by extreme concern with body weight and shape that can significantly interfere with daily life activities and well-being. Common eating disorders include anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, binge eating disorder, and compulsive overeating. Warning signs include low self-esteem, social withdrawal, preoccupation with food and weight, and denial of the problem's severity.
Eating disorders - Malnutrition for women
Increasing number of individuals is being diagnosed with eating disorders, as social media and western culture portray thinness as signs of happiness and well-being. Individuals with eating disorders are obsessed with food, body image, and weight loss. Depending on the severity and duration of their illness, they may display physical symptoms such as weight loss, amenorrhea, loss of interest in sex, low blood pressure, depressed body temperature, chronic and unexplained vomiting and the growth of soft, fine hair on the body and face.
Bulimia Nervosa Comparison
Bulimia nervosa is an eating disorder characterized by binge eating and purging behaviors. It can have serious physical and mental health impacts. Two of the most common treatments for bulimia nervosa are cognitive behavioral therapy and antidepressant medications. Research has found that cognitive behavioral therapy is highly effective at treating bulimia nervosa, as it aims to change unhealthy thoughts and behaviors. Medications like fluoxetine have also shown success in reducing binge eating and purging, but they work best as part of a comprehensive treatment plan including therapy. Overall, cognitive behavioral therapy has stronger evidence and better long term outcomes for treating bulimia nervosa compared to medication alone.
Power Point Presentation Eating Disorders
The document discusses eating disorders such as anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, binge eating disorder, and obesity. It outlines the biological, psychological, developmental, and social risk factors for developing eating disorders. It also describes the signs and symptoms, medical consequences, and treatment approaches for anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa. The conclusion emphasizes the importance of seeking treatment early and provides suggestions for recovery such as making a support system, focusing on solutions, and trying new behaviors.
Eating disorders [ Anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, beinge eating]
This document provides information about various eating disorders including anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, binge eating disorder, and obesity. It discusses the characteristics, warning signs, health risks, and predisposing factors for each disorder. Treatment involves behavior and cognitive therapies to address irrational thoughts and modify behaviors. Nursing interventions focus on addressing nutritional imbalances and psychosocial stressors.
Hunger Slides
The physiology of hunger is regulated by homeostatic systems in the body designed to maintain a normal weight. Studies in the 1950s showed that volunteers who were deprived of food experienced lethargy and their weight dropped and stabilized at 75% of normal. Hormones like ghrelin, insulin, and leptin influence hunger levels by regulating glucose levels and fat storage. The lateral hypothalamus increases hunger while the ventromedial hypothalamus decreases hunger. Taste preference is influenced by both biological factors like a genetic preference for sweet tastes and cultural factors as people tend to prefer familiar foods.
Psych 12 (2 11)
There is societal pressure for women to be thin that has increased over recent decades. This document discusses bulimia nervosa, an eating disorder characterized by binge eating followed by compensatory behaviors like vomiting. It affects mostly young women and has increased in prevalence. Risk factors include sociocultural standards of beauty that emphasize thinness as well as individual susceptibility in careers like modeling that value thinness.
Nutrition
The document provides an overview of nutrition, including definitions, terminology, nutrients, factors affecting nutritional needs, types of diets served in hospitals, altered nutrition like malnutrition, and components of a nutritional assessment. It defines nutrition as the process of providing food for health and growth. Key terms are explained, major nutrients listed, and factors influencing nutritional needs described, such as development, gender, beliefs, and health status. Special diets and malnutrition are also outlined. Nutritional assessment involves anthropometric, biochemical, clinical, and dietary evaluations.
Eating Disorders - a mental health condition where you use the control of fo...
Eating disorders are serious mental illnesses characterized by severe disturbances in eating behaviors and thoughts about food and body weight. The document discusses three eating disorders: anorexia nervosa, where individuals fear gaining weight and limit food intake; bulimia, where individuals engage in binge eating followed by purging; and compulsive eating disorder, where individuals lose control over food intake leading to episodes of massive eating. Effective treatment for all three disorders involves counseling to address perceptions of body image and cognitive behavioral therapy. Maintaining a healthy weight and self-acceptance are important for recovery.
Eating disorders
Eating disorders are serious medical illnesses involving severe disturbances in eating behavior and weight regulation. The three main types are anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and binge-eating disorder, which are characterized by extreme efforts to control weight and shape that can become life-threatening without treatment. Eating disorders frequently co-occur with other illnesses and have high rates of mortality. While the causes are complex and involve genetic, biological, psychological, and social factors, treatment aims to restore nutrition, weight, and stop disordered behaviors through psychotherapy and sometimes medication. Researchers continue studying these illnesses to better understand risk factors and develop more targeted treatments.
Anarexia nervosa (A Psychological Eating Disorder)
Introduction to Anarexia nervosa
Types of Anarexia nervosa
Symptoms of Anarexia nervosa
Clinical features of of Anarexia nervosa
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Hunger, Eating, and HealthWhy Do Many People Eat Too Muc.docx
Hunger, Eating,
and Health
Why Do Many People
Eat Too Much?
12.1 Digestion, Energy Storage, and
Energy Utilization
12.2 Theories of Hunger and Eating: Set Points
versus Positive Incentives
12.3 Factors That Determine What, When, and
How Much We Eat
12.4 Physiological Research on Hunger and Satiety
12.5 Body Weight Regulation: Set Points
versus Settling Points
12.6 Human Obesity: Causes, Mechanisms,
and Treatments
12.7 Anorexia and Bulimia Nervosa
12
IS
B
N
0-558-78571-9
Biopsychology, Eighth Edition, by John P.J. Pinel. Published by Allyn & Bacon. Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc.
source of serious personal and health problems.
Most eating-related health problems in industrialized
nations are associated with eating too much—the average
American consumes 3,800 calories per day, about twice
the average daily requirement (see Kopelman, 2000). For
example, it is estimated that
65% of the adult U.S. popu-
lation is either overweight or
clinically obese, qualifying
this problem for epidemic status (see Abelson & Kennedy,
2004; Arnold, 2009). The resulting financial and personal
costs are huge. Each year in the United States, about $100
billion is spent treating obesity-related disorders (see Ol-
shansky et al., 2005). Moreover, each year, an estimated
300,000 U.S. citizens die from disorders caused by their
excessive eating (e.g., diabetes, hypertension, cardiovas-
cular diseases, and some cancers). Although the United
States is the trend-setter when it comes to overeating and
obesity, many other countries are not far behind (Sofsian,
2007). Ironically, as overeating and obesity have reached
epidemic proportions, there has been a related increase in
disorders associated with eating too little (see Polivy &
Herman, 2002). For example, almost 3% of American
adolescents currently suffer from anorexia or bulimia,
which can be life-threatening in extreme cases.
The massive increases in obesity and other eating-
related disorders that have occurred over the last few
decades in many countries stand in direct opposition to
most people’s thinking about hunger and eating. Many
people—and I assume that this includes you—believe
that hunger and eating are normally triggered when the
body’s energy resources fall
below a prescribed optimal
level, or set point. They ap-
preciate that many factors in-
fluence hunger and eating, but they assume that the
hunger and eating system has evolved to supply the body
with just the right amount of energy.
This chapter explores the incompatibility of the set-
point assumption with the current
epidemic of eating disorders. If we
all have hunger and eating systems
whose primary function is to maintain energy resources
at optimal levels, then eating disorders should be rare.
The fact that they are so prevalent suggests that hunger
and eating are regulated in some other way. This chapter
will repeatedly challenge you to think in new ways about
issues that impact your health and longevity and w.
xenixal presentation done by heba to al razi team
Xenical is a medication used to aid weight loss and maintain weight loss when taken along with a reduced-calorie diet. It works by inhibiting the absorption of dietary fat in the stomach and intestines. Common side effects include oily or fatty stools but are generally mild. Studies show Xenical leads to 5-10% weight loss over one year when combined with lifestyle changes and helps improve obesity-related conditions like diabetes.
Anorexia Nervosa By Kevin Feng
Anorexia nervosa is a psychological eating disorder characterized by an intense fear of weight gain and a preoccupation with being thin. People with anorexia nervosa starve themselves and excessively exercise in an attempt to lose weight. Symptoms include significant weight loss, yellow skin, low blood pressure, and depression. Treatment involves antidepressant medication, behavioral therapy, psychotherapy, and supportive care. The exact causes are unknown but genetics, social attitudes, and cultural factors may play a role.
Anorexia Nervosa By Kevin Feng
Anorexia nervosa is a psychological eating disorder characterized by an intense fear of weight gain and a preoccupation with being thin. People with anorexia nervosa starve themselves and excessively exercise in an attempt to lose weight. Symptoms include significant weight loss, yellow skin, low blood pressure, and depression. Treatment involves antidepressant medication, behavioral therapy, psychotherapy, and supportive care. The exact causes are unknown but genetics and social attitudes may play a role.
Editorial- How to deal with dietary changes
This document provides tips for dealing with dietary changes to manage hunger while losing weight, including eating more lean protein, fruit, and fiber which are filling and help blunt hunger. It suggests exercising in moderation as it can increase, decrease, or not affect hunger, and considering intermittent fasting by restricting eating times. Using appetite suppressants or being flexible in dieting by allowing an occasional non-diet meal or refeed can help avoid rigid dieting that often backfires. Managing food cravings by including them in moderation is also advised.
Similar to Eating disorder glossary (part i) (20)
Disease associated with gastrointestinal tract and its treatment.docx
Disease associated with gastrointestinal tract and its treatment.docx
Psychiatry 5th year, 7th lecture (Dr. Nazar M. Mohammad Amin)
Psychiatry 5th year, 7th lecture (Dr. Nazar M. Mohammad Amin)
Eating disorders [ Anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, beinge eating]
Eating disorders [ Anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, beinge eating]
Eating Disorders - a mental health condition where you use the control of fo...
Eating Disorders - a mental health condition where you use the control of fo...
Anarexia nervosa (A Psychological Eating Disorder)
Anarexia nervosa (A Psychological Eating Disorder)
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Basavarajeeyam is an important text for ayurvedic physician belonging to andhra pradehs. It is a popular compendium in various parts of our country as well as in andhra pradesh. The content of the text was presented in sanskrit and telugu language (Bilingual). One of the most famous book in ayurvedic pharmaceutics and therapeutics. This book contains 25 chapters called as prakaranas. Many rasaoushadis were explained, pioneer of dhatu druti, nadi pareeksha, mutra pareeksha etc. Belongs to the period of 15-16 century. New diseases like upadamsha, phiranga rogas are explained.
The Best Ayurvedic Antacid Tablets in India
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Local Advanced Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex Sys...
Overall life span (LS) was 1671.7±1721.6 days and cumulative 5YS reached 62.4%, 10 years – 50.4%, 20 years – 44.6%. 94 LCP lived more than 5 years without cancer (LS=2958.6±1723.6 days), 22 – more than 10 years (LS=5571±1841.8 days). 67 LCP died because of LC (LS=471.9±344 days). AT significantly improved 5YS (68% vs. 53.7%) (P=0.028 by log-rank test). Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: N0-N12, T3-4, blood cell circuit, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells-CC and blood cells subpopulations), LC cell dynamics, recalcification time, heparin tolerance, prothrombin index, protein, AT, procedure type (P=0.000-0.031). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and N0-12 (rank=1), thrombocytes/CC (rank=2), segmented neutrophils/CC (3), eosinophils/CC (4), erythrocytes/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), stick neutrophils/CC (8), leucocytes/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (error=0.000; area under ROC curve=1.0).
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Abdominal trauma in pediatrics refers to injuries or damage to the abdominal organs in children. It can occur due to various causes such as falls, motor vehicle accidents, sports-related injuries, and physical abuse. Children are more vulnerable to abdominal trauma due to their unique anatomical and physiological characteristics. Signs and symptoms include abdominal pain, tenderness, distension, vomiting, and signs of shock. Diagnosis involves physical examination, imaging studies, and laboratory tests. Management depends on the severity and may involve conservative treatment or surgical intervention. Prevention is crucial in reducing the incidence of abdominal trauma in children.
Physiology of Chemical Sensation of smell.pdf
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
Identification and nursing management of congenital malformations .pptx
Identification and nursing management of congenital malformations .pptxMGM SCHOOL/COLLEGE OF NURSING
Identification and nursing management of congenital malformations The Electrocardiogram - Physiologic Principles
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of the physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar lead (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
6. Describe the flow of current around the heart during the cardiac cycle
7. Discuss the placement and polarity of the leads of electrocardiograph
8. Describe the normal electrocardiograms recorded from the limb leads and explain the physiological basis of the different records that are obtained
9. Define mean electrical vector (axis) of the heart and give the normal range
10. Define the mean QRS vector
11. Describe the axes of leads (hexagonal reference system)
12. Comprehend the vectorial analysis of the normal ECG
13. Determine the mean electrical axis of the ventricular QRS and appreciate the mean axis deviation
14. Explain the concepts of current of injury, J point, and their significance
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. Chapter 3, Cardiology Explained, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK2214/
7. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
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Novas diretrizes da OMS para os cuidados perinatais de mais qualidade
Novas diretrizes da OMS para os cuidados perinatais de mais qualidadeProf. Marcus Renato de Carvalho
Recomendações da OMS sobre cuidados maternos e neonatais para uma experiência pós-natal positiva.
Em consonância com os ODS – Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a Estratégia Global para a Saúde das Mulheres, Crianças e Adolescentes, e aplicando uma abordagem baseada nos direitos humanos, os esforços de cuidados pós-natais devem expandir-se para além da cobertura e da simples sobrevivência, de modo a incluir cuidados de qualidade.
Estas diretrizes visam melhorar a qualidade dos cuidados pós-natais essenciais e de rotina prestados às mulheres e aos recém-nascidos, com o objetivo final de melhorar a saúde e o bem-estar materno e neonatal.
Uma “experiência pós-natal positiva” é um resultado importante para todas as mulheres que dão à luz e para os seus recém-nascidos, estabelecendo as bases para a melhoria da saúde e do bem-estar a curto e longo prazo. Uma experiência pós-natal positiva é definida como aquela em que as mulheres, pessoas que gestam, os recém-nascidos, os casais, os pais, os cuidadores e as famílias recebem informação consistente, garantia e apoio de profissionais de saúde motivados; e onde um sistema de saúde flexível e com recursos reconheça as necessidades das mulheres e dos bebês e respeite o seu contexto cultural.
Estas diretrizes consolidadas apresentam algumas recomendações novas e já bem fundamentadas sobre cuidados pós-natais de rotina para mulheres e neonatos que recebem cuidados no pós-parto em unidades de saúde ou na comunidade, independentemente dos recursos disponíveis.
É fornecido um conjunto abrangente de recomendações para cuidados durante o período puerperal, com ênfase nos cuidados essenciais que todas as mulheres e recém-nascidos devem receber, e com a devida atenção à qualidade dos cuidados; isto é, a entrega e a experiência do cuidado recebido. Estas diretrizes atualizam e ampliam as recomendações da OMS de 2014 sobre cuidados pós-natais da mãe e do recém-nascido e complementam as atuais diretrizes da OMS sobre a gestão de complicações pós-natais.
O estabelecimento da amamentação e o manejo das principais intercorrências é contemplada.
Recomendamos muito.
Vamos discutir essas recomendações no nosso curso de pós-graduação em Aleitamento no Instituto Ciclos.
Esta publicação só está disponível em inglês até o momento.
Prof. Marcus Renato de Carvalho
www.agostodourado.com
ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY OF URINARY SYSTEM.pptx
Valuable Content of Human Anatomy and Physiology of Urinary system as per PCI Syllabus for Pharmacy and PharmD Students.
TEST BANK For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition by...
TEST BANK For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition by Stamler, Verified Chapters 1 - 33, Complete Newest Version Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition by Stamler, Verified Chapters 1 - 33, Complete Newest Version Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition by Stamler Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition TEST BANK by Stamler Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Pdf Chapters Download Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Pdf Download Stuvia Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Study Guide Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Ebook Download Stuvia Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Questions and Answers Quizlet Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Studocu Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Quizlet Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Stuvia Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Pdf Chapters Download Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Pdf Download Course Hero Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Answers Quizlet Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Ebook Download Course hero Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Questions and Answers Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Studocu Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Quizlet Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Stuvia Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Pdf Chapters Download Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Pdf Download Stuvia Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Study Guide Questions and Answers Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Ebook Download Stuvia Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Questions Quizlet Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Studocu Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Quizlet Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Stuvia
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Eating disorder glossary (part i)
- 1. Eating Disorder Glossary (Part I) Mersedeh Arvaneh, Irvine CA, July 2010 References: National Institutes of Health (NIH), National Mental Health Information Center Ohio State University, The University of Chicago Medical Center Robert Wood Johnson University Hospital
- 2. Adipose Tissue: Fat tissue.
- 3. Aerobic: Fat-fueled; aerobic exercise increased basal metabolic rate, reduces appetite, firms muscles, improves cardiac and respiratory function, and burns flab.
- 4. Adult-Onset: Occurring for the first time in those who have reached maturity.
- 5. Amenorrhea: The loss of the menstrual cycle. In terms of eating disorders this is usually the result of excessive weight loss and often accompanied by excessive exercise.
- 6. Anorectic: A name frequently used for diet medications that cub appetite.
- 7. Anorexia Nervosa: Self-induced starvation with at least 15 percent of original body weight lost. Victims also have amenorrhea, fat phobia, and a severe distortion of body image.
- 8. anorexia nervosa (Also called anorexia.) (2): An eating disorder in which people intentionally starve themselves. It causes extreme weight loss, which the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), part of the National Institutes of Health (NIH), defines as at least 15 percent below the individual's normal body weight.
- 9. Binge Eating Disorder: A disorder that resembles bulimia nervosa and is characterized by episodes of uncontrolled eating (or bingeing). It differs from bulimia, however, because its sufferers do not purge their bodies of the excess food, via vomiting, laxative abuse, or diuretic abuse.
- 10. Bingeing : persons with bulimia nervosa engage in a destructive pattern of excessively overeating, called bingeing.
- 11. Bulimia Nervosa: Uncontrolled eating in the presence of a strong desire to lose weight.
- 12. Diuretic: A chemical that stimulates the production of urine. Also known as a water pill.
- 13. Enema: The injection of a liquid into the lower bowel through the rectum to compel elimination.
- 14. Gastroplasty: A surgical procedure used to reduce the digestive capacity by shortening the small intestine or shrinking the effective side of he stomach.
- 15. Hunger: The physical urge to eat that is prompted by immediate need or energy.
- 16. Juvenile-Onset: Occurring between infancy to young adulthood.
- 17. Obesity: This controversial term is often used to describe individuals at least 20 percent above the weight recommended for one's height.
- 18. Oral Expulsion Syndrome (OES): The chewing but avoidance of swallowing food. OES is a diet technique in some people, but the reflection of emotional disturbance and eating disorders in most.
- 19. Pathorexia: Disordered appetite. It refers to the whole spectrum of food disorder problems
- 20. Purgatives: A substance or method used to eliminate food before it can be digested.
- 21. Purging: A forced cleansing or release. In terms of eating disorders this is usually done by vomiting or laxative abuse.
- 22. Purging (2): persons with bulimia nervosa engage in a destructive pattern of ridding their bodies of the excess calories (to control their weight) by vomiting, abusing laxatives or diuretics, taking enemas, and/or exercising obsessively - a process called purging.
- 23. Rumination: The apparently voluntary regurgitation, chewing, and re-swallowng of food.
- 24. Set point (Theory): The weight a person or an animal maintains and returns to after dieting or overfeeding. Set point varies with age and activity levels, and may be raised if the organism is subject to chronic deprivation.
- 25. Thermo genesis: The generation of heat, particularly in brown fat deposits, that provides necessary warmth, and may also be a way the body burns excess food and so avoids eight gain.