The cardiovascular system consists of the heart, blood vessels, and blood. The heart has four chambers and is divided into right and left sides by the septum. It pumps blood through two circuits - the pulmonary circuit and the systemic circuit. Blood travels to the lungs to receive oxygen and release carbon dioxide, then back to the heart to be pumped through arteries and veins throughout the body, delivering oxygen and nutrients to tissues and removing waste. Capillaries are the smallest blood vessels that allow for exchange of materials between blood and body cells. The cardiovascular system functions to transport these materials to sustain life.
This system has three main components: the heart, the blood vessel and the blood itself. The heart is the system's pump and the blood vessels are like the delivery routes. Blood can be thought of as a fluid which contains the oxygen and nutrients the body needs and carries the wastes which need to be removed.
✓Heart
✓Anatomy of heart
✓Blood circulation
✓Blood Vessels
✓Structure and function of artery, vein and capillaries
✓Elements of conduction system of heart and heart beat
✓Its regulation by nervous system
✓Cardiac output
✓Cardiac cycle
✓Regulation of bood pressure
✓Pulse
✓Electrocardiogram
✓Disorder of heart
A powerpoint designed for the South African Life Sciences syllabus for grade 11. Includes information about blood and it's transportation, the human heart, the lymph system etc. Hope it helps :)
This system has three main components: the heart, the blood vessel and the blood itself. The heart is the system's pump and the blood vessels are like the delivery routes. Blood can be thought of as a fluid which contains the oxygen and nutrients the body needs and carries the wastes which need to be removed.
✓Heart
✓Anatomy of heart
✓Blood circulation
✓Blood Vessels
✓Structure and function of artery, vein and capillaries
✓Elements of conduction system of heart and heart beat
✓Its regulation by nervous system
✓Cardiac output
✓Cardiac cycle
✓Regulation of bood pressure
✓Pulse
✓Electrocardiogram
✓Disorder of heart
A powerpoint designed for the South African Life Sciences syllabus for grade 11. Includes information about blood and it's transportation, the human heart, the lymph system etc. Hope it helps :)
Similar to E - Notes - Physiology of the Heart.ppt (20)
How many patients does case series should have In comparison to case reports.pdfpubrica101
Pubrica’s team of researchers and writers create scientific and medical research articles, which may be important resources for authors and practitioners. Pubrica medical writers assist you in creating and revising the introduction by alerting the reader to gaps in the chosen study subject. Our professionals understand the order in which the hypothesis topic is followed by the broad subject, the issue, and the backdrop.
https://pubrica.com/academy/case-study-or-series/how-many-patients-does-case-series-should-have-in-comparison-to-case-reports/
CHAPTER 1 SEMESTER V PREVENTIVE-PEDIATRICS.pdfSachin Sharma
This content provides an overview of preventive pediatrics. It defines preventive pediatrics as preventing disease and promoting children's physical, mental, and social well-being to achieve positive health. It discusses antenatal, postnatal, and social preventive pediatrics. It also covers various child health programs like immunization, breastfeeding, ICDS, and the roles of organizations like WHO, UNICEF, and nurses in preventive pediatrics.
Welcome to Secret Tantric, London’s finest VIP Massage agency. Since we first opened our doors, we have provided the ultimate erotic massage experience to innumerable clients, each one searching for the very best sensual massage in London. We come by this reputation honestly with a dynamic team of the city’s most beautiful masseuses.
R3 Stem Cells and Kidney Repair A New Horizon in Nephrology.pptxR3 Stem Cell
R3 Stem Cells and Kidney Repair: A New Horizon in Nephrology" explores groundbreaking advancements in the use of R3 stem cells for kidney disease treatment. This insightful piece delves into the potential of these cells to regenerate damaged kidney tissue, offering new hope for patients and reshaping the future of nephrology.
Antibiotic Stewardship by Anushri Srivastava.pptxAnushriSrivastav
Stewardship is the act of taking good care of something.
Antimicrobial stewardship is a coordinated program that promotes the appropriate use of antimicrobials (including antibiotics), improves patient outcomes, reduces microbial resistance, and decreases the spread of infections caused by multidrug-resistant organisms.
WHO launched the Global Antimicrobial Resistance and Use Surveillance System (GLASS) in 2015 to fill knowledge gaps and inform strategies at all levels.
ACCORDING TO apic.org,
Antimicrobial stewardship is a coordinated program that promotes the appropriate use of antimicrobials (including antibiotics), improves patient outcomes, reduces microbial resistance, and decreases the spread of infections caused by multidrug-resistant organisms.
ACCORDING TO pewtrusts.org,
Antibiotic stewardship refers to efforts in doctors’ offices, hospitals, long term care facilities, and other health care settings to ensure that antibiotics are used only when necessary and appropriate
According to WHO,
Antimicrobial stewardship is a systematic approach to educate and support health care professionals to follow evidence-based guidelines for prescribing and administering antimicrobials
In 1996, John McGowan and Dale Gerding first applied the term antimicrobial stewardship, where they suggested a causal association between antimicrobial agent use and resistance. They also focused on the urgency of large-scale controlled trials of antimicrobial-use regulation employing sophisticated epidemiologic methods, molecular typing, and precise resistance mechanism analysis.
Antimicrobial Stewardship(AMS) refers to the optimal selection, dosing, and duration of antimicrobial treatment resulting in the best clinical outcome with minimal side effects to the patients and minimal impact on subsequent resistance.
According to the 2019 report, in the US, more than 2.8 million antibiotic-resistant infections occur each year, and more than 35000 people die. In addition to this, it also mentioned that 223,900 cases of Clostridoides difficile occurred in 2017, of which 12800 people died. The report did not include viruses or parasites
VISION
Being proactive
Supporting optimal animal and human health
Exploring ways to reduce overall use of antimicrobials
Using the drugs that prevent and treat disease by killing microscopic organisms in a responsible way
GOAL
to prevent the generation and spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Doing so will preserve the effectiveness of these drugs in animals and humans for years to come.
being to preserve human and animal health and the effectiveness of antimicrobial medications.
to implement a multidisciplinary approach in assembling a stewardship team to include an infectious disease physician, a clinical pharmacist with infectious diseases training, infection preventionist, and a close collaboration with the staff in the clinical microbiology laboratory
to prevent antimicrobial overuse, misuse and abuse.
to minimize the developme
CRISPR-Cas9, a revolutionary gene-editing tool, holds immense potential to reshape medicine, agriculture, and our understanding of life. But like any powerful tool, it comes with ethical considerations.
Unveiling CRISPR: This naturally occurring bacterial defense system (crRNA & Cas9 protein) fights viruses. Scientists repurposed it for precise gene editing (correction, deletion, insertion) by targeting specific DNA sequences.
The Promise: CRISPR offers exciting possibilities:
Gene Therapy: Correcting genetic diseases like cystic fibrosis.
Agriculture: Engineering crops resistant to pests and harsh environments.
Research: Studying gene function to unlock new knowledge.
The Peril: Ethical concerns demand attention:
Off-target Effects: Unintended DNA edits can have unforeseen consequences.
Eugenics: Misusing CRISPR for designer babies raises social and ethical questions.
Equity: High costs could limit access to this potentially life-saving technology.
The Path Forward: Responsible development is crucial:
International Collaboration: Clear guidelines are needed for research and human trials.
Public Education: Open discussions ensure informed decisions about CRISPR.
Prioritize Safety and Ethics: Safety and ethical principles must be paramount.
CRISPR offers a powerful tool for a better future, but responsible development and addressing ethical concerns are essential. By prioritizing safety, fostering open dialogue, and ensuring equitable access, we can harness CRISPR's power for the benefit of all. (2998 characters)
Global launch of the Healthy Ageing and Prevention Index 2nd wave – alongside...ILC- UK
The Healthy Ageing and Prevention Index is an online tool created by ILC that ranks countries on six metrics including, life span, health span, work span, income, environmental performance, and happiness. The Index helps us understand how well countries have adapted to longevity and inform decision makers on what must be done to maximise the economic benefits that comes with living well for longer.
Alongside the 77th World Health Assembly in Geneva on 28 May 2024, we launched the second version of our Index, allowing us to track progress and give new insights into what needs to be done to keep populations healthier for longer.
The speakers included:
Professor Orazio Schillaci, Minister of Health, Italy
Dr Hans Groth, Chairman of the Board, World Demographic & Ageing Forum
Professor Ilona Kickbusch, Founder and Chair, Global Health Centre, Geneva Graduate Institute and co-chair, World Health Summit Council
Dr Natasha Azzopardi Muscat, Director, Country Health Policies and Systems Division, World Health Organisation EURO
Dr Marta Lomazzi, Executive Manager, World Federation of Public Health Associations
Dr Shyam Bishen, Head, Centre for Health and Healthcare and Member of the Executive Committee, World Economic Forum
Dr Karin Tegmark Wisell, Director General, Public Health Agency of Sweden
Navigating Challenges: Mental Health, Legislation, and the Prison System in B...Guillermo Rivera
This conference will delve into the intricate intersections between mental health, legal frameworks, and the prison system in Bolivia. It aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the current challenges faced by mental health professionals working within the legislative and correctional landscapes. Topics of discussion will include the prevalence and impact of mental health issues among the incarcerated population, the effectiveness of existing mental health policies and legislation, and potential reforms to enhance the mental health support system within prisons.
3. Review
What are the 3 parts of the cardiovascular system?
heart – blood – blood vessels
What do arteries do?
Take blood AWAY from the heart
What are the 3 layers of an artery?
What do veins do?
Bring blood TOWARD the heart
What do veins have that arteries don’t?
VALVES – (veins & arteries both have the same layers
except the muscular layer is smaller)
Tunica externa /connective tissue (elastin) – tunica
media/smooth muscle – tunica intima/endothelium
4. What exchanges material between blood and the body’s cells?
CAPILLARIES
How big are they?
microscopic in size
What is the outer membrane of the heart called?
Pericardium
What is the function of the pericardium? (there are 3)
1. protection
2. anchors heart to other structures
3. provides lubrication for heartbeat
5. What are the 3 layers of the heart wall?
1. Epicardium – outside layer
2. Myocardium – middle layer (cardiac muscle)
3. Endocardium – inner layer
What are the 4 chambers of the heart?
1. Right Atria
2. Left Atria
3. Right Ventricle
4. Left Ventricle
What does the septum do?
Divides the heart into right and left sides
6. What is the function of the right atria?
receives blood from inferior & superior vena cava (oxygen poor)
What is the function of the left atria?
receives blood from pulmonary veins (oxygen rich blood from
the lungs)
What does the function of the left ventricle ?
receives blood from left atria & pumps it to the body (through
the aorta)
What is the function of the right ventricle?
receives blood from the right atria and pumps it to the lungs
(through the pulmonary arteries)
7. Where is the tricuspid valve located?
between right atria and right ventricle
Where is the bicuspid (mitral) valve located?
between left atria and left ventricle
Where is the pulmonary semilunar valve located?
between pulmonary artery and right ventricle
Where is the aortic semilunar valve located?
between aorta and left ventricle
8. • PHYSIOLOGY OF THE
HEART
• The Conducting
System (electric)
1. Sinoatrial Node (SA) • PACEMAKER OF HEART – starts
each heartbeat
• located in wall of right atrium
• made of specialized myocardial
cells
• sends impulse to both atria,
causing them to contract
• called an intrinsic conduction or
“nodal” system of specialized tissue
9. 2. Atrioventricular
Node (AV node)
• located at base of right atrium –
receives impulse from SA node
SA Node
AV Node
10. • Atrioventricular
Bundle
• Location: middle of septum
• Direction of Heart
Beat
• impulse from AV node goes down
bundle to base of heart
• it then travels up the sides of the
ventricles through the PURKINJE
NETWORK causing the ventricles to
contract from the bottom up
Atrioventricular
Bundle
11. • RATE OF HEART
BEAT
• Factors affecting
heart rate
• age, sex, physical activity,
temperature, thought processes,
chemicals (natural and otherwise)
• rate high at birth (100 – 140 bpm) –
then declines steadily until average is
reached (70 – 80 bpm)
• heart rate faster in females –
slower in trained athletes
12. • CARDIAC CYCLE • the events of one complete heartbeat
• length of cycle (heartbeat) is about
0.8 sec
• atria contract at the same time – as
they relax, the ventricles contract
• SYSTOLE • contraction of ventricle
• DIASTOLE • relaxation of ventricle
• Cardiac Output • amount of blood pumped out of each
side of the heart in 1 minute
• heart rate X stroke volume
13. • PULSE & BLOOD
PRESSURE
• Pulse
• expansion & contraction
of an artery as the left
ventricle contracts
• normal is 70 – 80 bpm
(there are exceptions to
this)
• pulse can be found at
many sites on the body
14. • Blood Pressure • pressure blood exerts on the inner
walls of blood vessels
• Measuring BP • BP is a measure of the systolic
pressure (ventricles contracting) OVER
the diastolic pressure (ventricles relaxing)
• Example: • 110/70 is in normal range
• Factors affecting
BP
• nervous system, blood volume
(kidneys), temp, chemicals, diet, exercise