This presentation contains my work on Designer drugs.
Since 2009 designer drugs are growing in popularity, from spice to DMT, the number one choice for many recreational users are designer drugs.
These drugs benefit from a quasi-legal status and sometimes the harm and effects are often over-looked.
The aim of this presentation is to inform Parents, teachers, drug workers and anyone else who may encounter these drugs and their users.
This presentation is free for you to review and learn from but please do not take any bits directly from it without consulting me first.
This presentation provides information about synthetic drugs, including Bath Salts and K2/Spice, and identifies resources from The Partnership at Drugfree.org
Presentation on Bath Salts & Spice - Synthetic Drugs. Synthetic Drugs are very dangerous and are legal in many states. This PowerPoint explains why we need to work to make these street drugs illegal to manufacture, distribute, possess and use.
Death has occurred on the first use and are available legally to kids of any age. Help us pass laws to make synthetic drugs illegal.
Synthetic Cathinone Drugs of Abuse Undergraduate LectureRyan Gregg
This is a presentation about the "bath salts" synthetic cathinone drugs of abuse given as part of an upper-level undergraduate psychology course at Temple University titled "Investigation of Addiction Disorders". I was invited to give this presentation by the course director, Dr. Rani Vasudeva. This class involved both an introductory and final discussion with questions listed in the second and final slide, which was both lively and enjoyable to be a part of. Special thanks for Dr. Vasudeva for the opportunity to teach in her course.
This presentation provides information about synthetic drugs, including Bath Salts and K2/Spice, and identifies resources from The Partnership at Drugfree.org
Presentation on Bath Salts & Spice - Synthetic Drugs. Synthetic Drugs are very dangerous and are legal in many states. This PowerPoint explains why we need to work to make these street drugs illegal to manufacture, distribute, possess and use.
Death has occurred on the first use and are available legally to kids of any age. Help us pass laws to make synthetic drugs illegal.
Synthetic Cathinone Drugs of Abuse Undergraduate LectureRyan Gregg
This is a presentation about the "bath salts" synthetic cathinone drugs of abuse given as part of an upper-level undergraduate psychology course at Temple University titled "Investigation of Addiction Disorders". I was invited to give this presentation by the course director, Dr. Rani Vasudeva. This class involved both an introductory and final discussion with questions listed in the second and final slide, which was both lively and enjoyable to be a part of. Special thanks for Dr. Vasudeva for the opportunity to teach in her course.
There is an epademic of cocaine and other drugs use in our schools. This presentation was created to be used at High Schools to explain and illustrate to the students about the bad affects of using drugs.
International Day Against Drug Abuse and Illicit Trafficking, 26th June, 2015Kingsley Okonoda
Drugs are chemicals that alter, block, or mimic chemical reactions in the brain. Drug are abused when they are used for unintended purposes or in an excessive amount.
All drugs (substances), whether legal or illegal, have an impact on health when used in the wrong way. Different sub-stances have different effects on the body.
June 26 is the International Day against Drug Abuse and Illicit Trafficking. Established by the United Nations General Assembly in 1987, this day serves as a reminder of the goals agreed to by Member States of creating an international society free of drug abuse.
There is an epademic of cocaine and other drugs use in our schools. This presentation was created to be used at High Schools to explain and illustrate to the students about the bad affects of using drugs.
International Day Against Drug Abuse and Illicit Trafficking, 26th June, 2015Kingsley Okonoda
Drugs are chemicals that alter, block, or mimic chemical reactions in the brain. Drug are abused when they are used for unintended purposes or in an excessive amount.
All drugs (substances), whether legal or illegal, have an impact on health when used in the wrong way. Different sub-stances have different effects on the body.
June 26 is the International Day against Drug Abuse and Illicit Trafficking. Established by the United Nations General Assembly in 1987, this day serves as a reminder of the goals agreed to by Member States of creating an international society free of drug abuse.
A slide show presentation geared to parents to raise awareness of drugs of abuse and patterns in teenage substance use, as well as preventive suggestions.
Similar to Dylan Kerr's designer drugs presentation . (12)
What’s the difference?
Meditation – comes from Buddhist practice and is based on the monastic tradition of looking inward, focus inwardly on body
Mindfulness – values not monastic, related to rational thought and is easier to integrate with life. A bigger field of attention – actions, thoughts, emotions, state of mind
Basic training on the types of drugs concerned with the private rehab sector.
This slide show was written by Dylan Kerr . It contains no private information.
Here is a slide show about core values in recovery from Drug and Alcohol addiction. In order to maintain a successful recovery clients must think carefully about what do they value in their life and what actions must they take to ensure that these values are upheld?
Recomendações da OMS sobre cuidados maternos e neonatais para uma experiência pós-natal positiva.
Em consonância com os ODS – Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a Estratégia Global para a Saúde das Mulheres, Crianças e Adolescentes, e aplicando uma abordagem baseada nos direitos humanos, os esforços de cuidados pós-natais devem expandir-se para além da cobertura e da simples sobrevivência, de modo a incluir cuidados de qualidade.
Estas diretrizes visam melhorar a qualidade dos cuidados pós-natais essenciais e de rotina prestados às mulheres e aos recém-nascidos, com o objetivo final de melhorar a saúde e o bem-estar materno e neonatal.
Uma “experiência pós-natal positiva” é um resultado importante para todas as mulheres que dão à luz e para os seus recém-nascidos, estabelecendo as bases para a melhoria da saúde e do bem-estar a curto e longo prazo. Uma experiência pós-natal positiva é definida como aquela em que as mulheres, pessoas que gestam, os recém-nascidos, os casais, os pais, os cuidadores e as famílias recebem informação consistente, garantia e apoio de profissionais de saúde motivados; e onde um sistema de saúde flexível e com recursos reconheça as necessidades das mulheres e dos bebês e respeite o seu contexto cultural.
Estas diretrizes consolidadas apresentam algumas recomendações novas e já bem fundamentadas sobre cuidados pós-natais de rotina para mulheres e neonatos que recebem cuidados no pós-parto em unidades de saúde ou na comunidade, independentemente dos recursos disponíveis.
É fornecido um conjunto abrangente de recomendações para cuidados durante o período puerperal, com ênfase nos cuidados essenciais que todas as mulheres e recém-nascidos devem receber, e com a devida atenção à qualidade dos cuidados; isto é, a entrega e a experiência do cuidado recebido. Estas diretrizes atualizam e ampliam as recomendações da OMS de 2014 sobre cuidados pós-natais da mãe e do recém-nascido e complementam as atuais diretrizes da OMS sobre a gestão de complicações pós-natais.
O estabelecimento da amamentação e o manejo das principais intercorrências é contemplada.
Recomendamos muito.
Vamos discutir essas recomendações no nosso curso de pós-graduação em Aleitamento no Instituto Ciclos.
Esta publicação só está disponível em inglês até o momento.
Prof. Marcus Renato de Carvalho
www.agostodourado.com
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
New Drug Discovery and Development .....NEHA GUPTA
The "New Drug Discovery and Development" process involves the identification, design, testing, and manufacturing of novel pharmaceutical compounds with the aim of introducing new and improved treatments for various medical conditions. This comprehensive endeavor encompasses various stages, including target identification, preclinical studies, clinical trials, regulatory approval, and post-market surveillance. It involves multidisciplinary collaboration among scientists, researchers, clinicians, regulatory experts, and pharmaceutical companies to bring innovative therapies to market and address unmet medical needs.
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
Thyroid Gland- Gross Anatomy by Dr. Rabia Inam Gandapore.pptx
Dylan Kerr's designer drugs presentation .
1. DESIGNER DRUGS
An Overview of harm by Dylan Kerr
Written by Dylan Kerr originally in 2011, revised in 2016
2. Who?What?Why? How?
■ This guide was originally written to meet the needs of people who encounter
“designer drugs” in their day to day life:
-SchoolTeachers
-YouthWorkers
-HostelWorkers
-Addiction Professions
-HealthcareWorkers
-Parents
-Users
Written by Dylan Kerr originally in 2011, revised in 2016
3. What is a designer drug?
This guide was written in response to the growing numbers of “Designer Drugs” that have
been flooding the market in recent years.
To contain every fact and detail in about every single drug would run into the realms of
creating something akin to the British National Formulary – a medications reference book
for doctors.
Not every fact or detail is in this guide, but it is a good detailed starting point for any
member of staff who is concerned or interested in understanding “Designer Drugs” better.
As I have began to write this guide there has been many changes concerning law, findings
and information published.This has led me to review and rewrite some sections of this
piece of work as I have gone along
Written by Dylan Kerr originally in 2011, revised in 2016
4. Over recent years, there has been lot a press about new drugs that have
found their way on to the market. With varied names, ranging from the
complex to the baffling and with some with rather worrying or unusual side
effects. It is often quite hard to keep up with what is going on. Some drugs
are sold under the guise of different products like plant feeder and industrial
cleaners. Some of these new drugs are even sold under the guise of illicit
drugs such as Ecstasy (MDMA) or Cocaine – as in the case of BZP
(Benzylpiperazine).
Written by Dylan Kerr originally in 2011, revised in 2016
5. Whatever the drug, if dependency occurs it will
usually always affect a person’s health (physically and
mentally), wealth (drugs always cost something or
effect people’s ability to work), relations (family and
friends) and possibly have some impact on the law.
Written by Dylan Kerr originally in 2011, revised in 2016
6. So, why designer drugs?
■ The term “Designer drug” is an umbrella term means that the drug is specifically
designed to produce a certain effect, whether that is hallucinogenic, exciting or
sedating. Most designer drugs and legal highs are not medicinal drugs (drugs used in
medicine), sometimes they have other uses such as industrial cleaning agents.
Designer drugs are sometimes called “Research Chemicals”, “Legal Highs”,
“Supplements”
Written by Dylan Kerr originally in 2011, revised in 2016
7. How?
■ So why is it that these drugs are gaining so much popularity now? Some were synthesized many years
ago, for example mephedrone was first synthesized in 1929, so why has it only just emerged as a
favourite recreational drug of choice? [2] A common reason for a lot of these drugs appearing in the
first place is the legality of these drugs, the drugs appear on the market firstly as legal highs, which
means that there is currently (as of 2011) no law governing the sale of these drugs if they are not sold
specifically for human consumption. These means the market has a great potential to grow. There
have been reports of people becoming millionaires through investing in mephedrone when it was
legal (mephedrone was made illegal in 2010 and is now a class B drug). During this period of legality
the drug will be sampled by many who are seeking new highs and those who are looking to avoid
legal repercussions for their actions. Sometimes, as in the case of some of Phenethylamines (which I
will introduce later), the new drugs will offer a new experience to the user that is unlike previous drugs
used.
■ On 3rd November 2010 Professor Les Iversen, Interim Chair,Advisory Council on Misuse of Drugs
revealed in a conference that although not a great number of people had been come forward for drug
treatment for new designer drugs, frank the national drug helpline had received an increase in volume
of people calling up who had ingested the drug. Many, according to anecdotal information collected
had never tried drugs of that nature before and had become alarmed at the powerful effects of the
drug. However the Scottish Drugs forum in June 2010 that questioned the drug habits of young
people in schools returned that 7.1% of those who’d taken legal highs had never taken an illicit drug
before[3]
Written by Dylan Kerr originally in 2011, revised in 2016
9. GBL
■ Status: Class C controlled drug – Made Illegal in 2010 (criminal offence to supply or
possess under the Misuse of Drugs Act 1971)
■ Appearance: Clear white liquid with a strong solvent smell, usually stored in a small
plastic bottle with a dropper.
■ Cost: 50p - £15
■ Method of taking: Usually always served in a drink or taken orally directly from bottle
■ Type of drug: Depressant (similar to alcohol), also has hallucinogenic properties
similar to ketamine
■ GBL commonly called “G” it is most popular amongst the gay community and most
commonly seen in raves/nightclubs.Although seen in nightclubs it is not as popular as
drugs like ketamine, mephedrone, amphetamine-like drugs and ecstasy.
Written by Dylan Kerr originally in 2011, revised in 2016
10. GBL■ Effects:
■ GBL can cause loss of consciousness with strong doses, sometimes first time users can lose consciousness due to strong
biological reaction and rapid absorption into the body. The drug overwhelms the user and they are rendered unconscious. It
is not uncommon for people who regularly use the drug to have experienced an over-dose at some point. Loss of
consciousness is potentially very dangerous; it can cause injury, induce a coma and potentially kill.
■ Harm reduction: Generally speakingGBL is best not consumed at all. It poses a great risk to those who have never
ingested the drug before. It should not be consumed with alcohol as this increases the sedative effects of the drug and puts
the user at greater risk of overdose. If someone is consumingGBL they should consider the following:
■ - Be aware of the sedative effects of the drug.
■ - Not use the drug when no one else is around, make sure that someone is watching out for them.
■ - Be aware that GBL can cause delusions
■ - Do not mix with alcohol
■ - If consumed with alcohol stop drinking and switch to soft drink or water
■ - Be aware that sedative effect can alter ability to move/function
■ - If someone is unresponsive call an ambulance immediately.
■ - Be aware that GBL can cause anxiety following usage
Written by Dylan Kerr originally in 2011, revised in 2016
11. GBL
■ Why do people use the drug?
■ The experience is generally regarded as being “fun”, people find the sensation enjoyable
and rewarding. In higher doses GBL can cause introspective delusions similar to drugs like
ketamine and LSD. Some people find the dream-like state of these delusions interesting
and enjoyable. A lot of users say there is no come down from a taking “G”, some users
enjoy the fact they can take it during the week, sleep on in and then go to work the
following day with little immediate consequences. However this can lure users into a false
sense of security whereby they feel they can cope with the drug and begin using heavier
amounts which can result in severe side effects.
■ When dependency starts to form people are usually using the drug to escape certain things
they find very difficult to deal with.The sedative effect reduces anxiety, memories of
trauma and severe depression. When people start using GBL for these reasons they will
find it very difficult to give up the drug, as this becomes their only way to cope with these
feelings. GBL also causes insomnia, loss of appetite, anxiety, shaking involuntarily and
drug induced psychosis.
Written by Dylan Kerr originally in 2011, revised in 2016
12. GBL
■ Where do people get it?
■ GBL isn’t illegal in all countries so it can be purchased via the internet, it is difficult for
customs to stop the drug entering the country as it is often disguised as something
else such as a cleaning product. GBL is used in manufacturing to clean alloy wheels on
cars and other industrial purposes. It can be obtained in nightclubs and from drug
dealers illicitly.
Written by Dylan Kerr originally in 2011, revised in 2016
13. Mephedrone /4-methylmethcathinone
■ Status: Class B controlled drug
■ Appearance: White powder or clear crystals
■ Cost: £10-£25 a gram
■ Method of taking: Chopped into lines and snorted or taken orally in rizla/paper wraps
(bombed). Mephedrone can be injected and smoked but it is very uncommon.
■ Type of drug: Entactogen, Cathinone, Stimulant
■ Mephedrone became popular with young people in 2008 – 2009 due to its availability and
previous legal status. Young people found the drug to be considerably easy to access and
available.At its peak the drug could be delivered by a moped service 24hours a day in cities
like Brighton and London.
■ Mephedrone was sold under the guise of “plant feeder” originally and labelled as “not for
human consumption”, this was to get around laws governing what can be ingested by.
■ Since mephedrone became popular, there are a lot myths attached to the drug, mostly
publicised by the media.
Written by Dylan Kerr originally in 2011, revised in 2016
15. Mephedrone /4-methylmethcathinone
■ Mephedrone became popular with young people in 2008 – 2009 due to its availability
and previous legal status. Young people found the drug to be considerably easy to
access and available.At its peak the drug could be delivered by a moped service
24hours a day in cities like Brighton and London.
■ Mephedrone was sold under the guise of “plant feeder” originally and labelled as “not
for human consumption”, this was to get around laws governing what can be ingested
by.
■ Since mephedrone became popular, there are a lot myths attached to the drug, mostly
publicised by the media.
Written by Dylan Kerr originally in 2011, revised in 2016
16. Mephedrone /4-methylmethcathinone
■ Effects:
■ Mephedrone has a similar effect to cocaine and ecstasy; the user will feel excited,
more awake and more alert. In larger doses the user can experience a state of intense
euphoria where they will feel at ease with the world and more sociable.
Written by Dylan Kerr originally in 2011, revised in 2016
17. Mephedrone /4-methylmethcathinone
■ Negative effects:
■ Since mephedrone is so new there is little known about the long-term effects. Mephedrone was originally linked to 52 deaths in 2010
however; it now thought that only two of these deaths were a direct result of taking Mephedrone, one was a 46-year male who
repeatedly injected the drug. Mephedrone has been recognised as drug of addiction, although people do not form a physical
addiction it is mentally addictive. Many users have self reported that they do the drug in excessive amounts which increases the
likelihood of suffering from negative side effects.
■ Mephedrone is a vasoconstrictor – this means that it narrows your veins and reduces blood flow. Some users have reported they feel
chest pains and tight sensation in their chest. This could lead to eventual heart damage over time or cardiac arrest. Anyone with a
pre-existing heart condition should avoid taking this drug. Some users report feeling pains in their arms and legs as a result of taking
the drug, this is thought to be down to decreased flow of blood caused by the vasoconstrictive effects of the drug.
■ In the research and questionnaire carried out in researching this guide, Mephedrone was one of the most common and popular
designer drugs cited. During the questionnaire I asked people to comment on the negative side effects they experienced by their use
of designer drugs, more than half of the people said they encountered some feeling of discomfort associated with their heart or
blood flow whilst on the drug. 80% of those who answered the survey were under the age of 35 years old (with the other 20% in the
age 35 to 45-year-old category), this is a remarkably young age group to be experiencing feeling of discomfort of the heart. Whilst
52.5% of the people asked said they only felt the negative symptoms rarely (45% said they never experienced negative side effects) it
is nevertheless a sign for concern that such a relatively young age group should be experiencing these problems at all.With continued
persistent use, users may see the onset of cardiac problems prematurely in their life – as has already been documented with
cigarette, alcohol, amphetamine, and cocaine usage.
■ Mephedrone has been cited as being a neurotoxin, which can cause some damage to functioning of the nervous system. Users self
report that they do have memory recall problems whilst on the drug and some report that they feel they are unable to concentrate
well for periods following mephedrone usage. The full extent the neurotoxicity is not fully yet known due to limited number of tests.
Early tests suggest it is similar to that of amphetamines, but not as toxic as MDMA.
■ Mephedrone can be addictive for some people, there is no physical addiction currently associated with the drug – however people
quickly become accustomed to the feeling of stimulant drugs and can often feel exceptionally withdrawn and tired in days after the
drug usage which can cause users to re-dose to combat the feelings of exhaustion or tiredness, thus re-enforcing addiction.
■ It has also been indicated in recent studies that mephedrone may cause liver and kidney damage.
Written by Dylan Kerr originally in 2011, revised in 2016
18. Mephedrone /4-methylmethcathinone
■ Harm reduction:
■ Since there is still a lot unknown about the harmful effects the best advice would be not to do at all or
take very infrequent. Like all drugs, the increase of the dose is likely to increase the negative effects.
■ Stimulant-type drugs can generally make people behave in a compulsive way, feeling the need to re-
dose frequently; this can lead to addiction for some people – especially if they have easy access to
large amounts of the drug. It is best advised that people who wish to experience the drug do not
horde large amounts of the drug, as there are many anecdotal experiences reported how people have
lost their ability to control their intake.Their tolerance to the drug rises within weeks and they find
themselves at a point whereby they are doing up to four times as much over the same period.This is
much more likely to accelerate the harmful effects of mephedrone.
■ Some people seem to have less control over their ability to control their substance use than others –
whether it is alcohol, cocaine, cigarettes or any other drugs that can be consumed compulsively. It is
important for people who have already experienced control issues or addiction to substances to
evaluate their ability to cope with drugs like mephedrone which is already showing psychological
addictive properties.
■ Since some of the drug-deaths associated with mephedrone have been in combination with other
drugs and alcohol it should be recommended that mephedrone is not taken with other drugs,
especially other stimulants. If a person exceeds more than 600mg (just more than half a gram) in two
hours they are likely to suffer from the negative side effects moreso.
Written by Dylan Kerr originally in 2011, revised in 2016
19. Mephedrone /4-methylmethcathinone
■ Why do people use the drug?
■ Feels good
■ Stimulating experience
■ Exploring their own mind
■ Feeling of closeness
■ Ability to stay awake for hours
■ Avoid social awkwardness
Written by Dylan Kerr originally in 2011, revised in 2016
20. 2Ci, 2Cb, 2Ct7 and other “Psychedelic
Phenethylamines”
■ Status: ClassA controlled drugs – All 2C drugs are classified as classA drugs
■ Appearance: White powder, small shards of crystals, various coloured pills, white
powder inside gel caps
■ Cost: £5 - £10 a dose (sometimes more)
■ Method of taking: Usually swallowed but sometimes snorted. Can be prepared for
injection but very uncommon
■ Type of drug: Phenylethylamine, psychedelic-stimulant
Written by Dylan Kerr originally in 2011, revised in 2016
21. 2Ci, 2Cb, 2Ct7 and other “Psychedelic
Phenethylamines”
■ If you do not know who Alexander Shulgin is or what a psychonaut does
on the weekend then you may not have heard of any of the 2C drugs.
2C drugs are psychedelic stimulants; they are rare but have gained
popularity amongst those looking to explore new highs and hedonistic
drug users.They offer the user an experience of hallucinations coupled
with feelings of euphoria. Some 2C drugs are more popular than others
are drugs due to the array of effects they cause. 2Ci and 2Cb remain the
most popular because the experiences are generally considered more
pleasurable.
Written by Dylan Kerr originally in 2011, revised in 2016
22. 2Ci, 2Cb, 2Ct7 and other “Psychedelic
Phenethylamines”
■ If you do not know who Alexander Shulgin is or what a psychonaut does
on the weekend then you may not have heard of any of the 2C drugs.
2C drugs are psychedelic stimulants; they are rare but have gained
popularity amongst those looking to explore new highs and hedonistic
drug users.They offer the user an experience of hallucinations coupled
with feelings of euphoria. Some 2C drugs are more popular than others
are drugs due to the array of effects they cause. 2Ci and 2Cb remain the
most popular because the experiences are generally considered more
pleasurable.
Written by Dylan Kerr originally in 2011, revised in 2016
23. 2Ci, 2Cb, 2Ct7 and other “Psychedelic
Phenethylamines”
■ Effects:
■ The effects vary depending on the amount and the type of 2C drug taken and some 2C
drugs have known have fatal consequences, especially when snorted.
■ A common description of these types of drugs is Users often report a feeling of
euphoria, a feeling of light-headedness and observance of patterns, colours and
objects appearing more vividly.
Written by Dylan Kerr originally in 2011, revised in 2016
24. 2Ci, 2Cb, 2Ct7 and other “Psychedelic
Phenethylamines”
■ Harm reduction:
■ 2C drugs are dose specific, check the dosages and do not exceed the doses, this can be very hard to check
these drugs are manufactured illicitly and you have no real way of checking the dose.
■ You should never snort 2C drugs, it is safer to ingest the drugs rather than snort them
■ Avoid mixing 2C drugs with any other substances, mixing substance with drugs like MDMA and prescribed
medication can be fatal
■ Avoid taking 2C drugs if you have asthma, high blood pressure, heart disease or known history of mental
illnesses.
■ Be aware of the setting that the drug is being taken. Some of the experiences on 2C drugs can be very
disorientating and mentally disturbing, although these experiences are rare they are down to individual
interpretations.
■ Be aware that once a drug is ingested you will have to deal with the effects for a long period of time, some
new research chemicals can last for a period of over 12 hours with very strong effects. Once ingested there
is little you can do to counter-act the effects. DOC, 2,5-Dimethoxy-4-chloroamphetamine (you can see why
I didn’t list them all with names like that) last for a period of 24 hours and the peak of the trip (highest point
of intensity) doesn’t fade away.
Written by Dylan Kerr originally in 2011, revised in 2016
25. DMT - N, N DIMETHYLTRYPTAMINE
■ Status: Schedule I Class A controlled drug
■ Appearance: Yellowish crystals, sometimes bright yellow, sometimes duller. Can be
large crystals or very power-like
■ Cost: £50 - £200 a gram (DMT is especially rare and very hard to obtain, hence the
high prices)
■ Method of taking: Usually smoked, intranasal (snorted), sometimes injected (rarely),
if ingested it has no effect on a person
■ Type of drug: Tryptamine
Written by Dylan Kerr originally in 2011, revised in 2016
26. THANKS FOR
READING
This has been an introduction to my designer drugs presentation. If you would like more
information please contact me via Dylan.rehab@gmail.com You do not have any
permission to replicate or use any of the slide or information within this presentation
without my expressed written permission.
In order to obtain the full presentation please contact me:
Dylan Kerr - +66625098236 Dylan.rehab@gmail.com
Written by Dylan Kerr originally in 2011, revised in 2016