The document provides a detailed critique of the historical inaccuracies in Christopher Nolan's film Dunkirk. In 3 sentences:
The film exaggerates the role of civilian boats and underestimates the crucial role of the Royal Navy in evacuating over 338,000 troops. It also inaccurately portrays the British soldiers as undisciplined and the RAF as overwhelmed, when in reality British forces outnumbered the Germans. Many important aspects of the "Miracle of Dunkirk" evacuation such as national prayer and Hitler's stop order are omitted from the film.
The Battle of Britain took place from July 1940 to May 1941 as Germany sought to gain air supremacy over Britain in preparation for Operation Sea Lion, a planned invasion of the island country. The battle was the first major campaign fought entirely by air forces and saw intense aerial battles between the German Luftwaffe and British Royal Air Force over southern England throughout the summer and fall of 1940, until the Germans were forced to abandon their plans for invasion due to heavy losses.
The Battle of Midway was an important naval battle between the United States and Japan in June 1942. Though Japan had a larger naval force, the U.S. had broken Japan's naval code and knew of their plan to attack Midway Island. In the resulting battle, the U.S. sank four Japanese aircraft carriers and damaged Japan's navy and confidence severely. This major Allied victory marked a turning point in the Pacific theater, strengthening U.S. power and allowing them to begin taking back territory from Japan.
The Battle of Britain was an air battle fought between the German Luftwaffe and the British Royal Air Force in 1940. The Luftwaffe aimed to destroy Britain's air defenses to enable a German invasion, but were unable to gain air superiority due to superior British equipment and the courage of 2,900 pilots who fought against overwhelming odds. Although Churchill played a limited direct military role, his speeches boosted morale. Germany's failure to gain air superiority, combined with British technological advantages like radar, led to Germany abandoning its invasion plans after four months.
The War in the Pacific 1941-1945 saw the United States and its allies including England, Australia, New Zealand, and China engage in a brutal conflict against the imperialist forces of Japan. After Japan's surprise attack on Pearl Harbor in 1941, the US was left with a crippled Pacific fleet and was forced to engage in a strategy of island hopping to reclaim lost territory from Japan. This strategy involved clearing Japanese forces from islands one by one to build up bases closer to Japan. Major battles included the Battle of Midway in 1942 which marked a turning point, as well as the long campaign to retake Guadalcanal from the Japanese that year. Fighting was intense as the Japanese refused to surrender and the Allies
The document summarizes key tanks and airplanes used during World War II by the United States, Germany, France, and Soviet Union. The M4 Sherman was the main U.S. tank, with over 49,000 produced. The Soviet T-34 was considered the best overall tank, with its effective armament, armor protection, and balance of firepower and mobility. Key U.S. planes mentioned include the P-38 Lightning, P-40 Warhawk, P-47 Thunderbolt, P-51 Mustang, B-17 Flying Fortress, B-24 Liberator, and B-29 Superfortress, including the Enola Gay which dropped the atomic bomb on Hiroshima
The war at sea played a major role in World War 1 and evolved significantly over the course of the war. New technologies like submarines, mines, and torpedoes introduced unpredictable threats and made naval warfare more unpredictable. While great sea battles between large surface fleets were expected, the submarine came to dominate naval warfare, with Germany becoming a master of submarine technology. The British maintained control of key trade routes through use of blockades and their larger naval fleet, though the German submarine campaigns had some successes in sinking merchant ships. Over time, both sides developed countermeasures like depth charges, Q-ships, and ultimately the convoy system to combat the submarine threat.
Operation Barbarossa was the largest military invasion in human history, launched by Nazi Germany against the Soviet Union on June 22, 1941. Over 3 million German troops invaded in an attempt to defeat the Red Army and annex Soviet territories for Lebensraum. The operation involved over 15 million soldiers and resulted in over 6 million casualties within 5 months. Though early victories allowed Germany to capture vast territories, Hitler's failure to prepare for winter and underestimation of Soviet strength led to Germany's defeat at the Battle of Moscow, marking the failure of Operation Barbarossa.
The playwright Aeschylus fought in the Greco-Persian Wars, and the battle scenes of the naval Battle of Salamis in his play, The Persians, may have been eyewitness accounts. They provide a more enthralling and possibly more accurate account of the battle than Herodotus.
We will also consult Herodotus for the actions the wily Themistocles took to ensure a Greek victory in the Battle of Salamis, tricking the great King Xerxes to defeat, and the Ionian Greek woman General Artemisia.
We also summarize the Greek defeat at the Pass of Thermopylae that preceded the Battle of Salamis.
YouTube video: https://youtu.be/cabAkQwHnlk
Please support our channel, if you wish to purchase these Amazon books we receive a small affiliate commission:
The Histories, by Herodotus, Aubrey de Sélincourt, Translator
https://amzn.to/3EQAHID
Herodotus: The Father of History, Audible Audiobook, by Elizabeth Vandiver, The Great Courses
https://amzn.to/38Sh051
The Ancient Greek Historians (Harvard Lectures), by John Bagnell Bury
https://amzn.to/2Z18ZcO
The Greek and Persian Wars, Audible, by John R. Hale, The Great Courses
https://amzn.to/3FrzNCA
Plutarch's Greek Lives, Oxford World Classics, Robin Waterfield, translator
https://amzn.to/32nUYaz
Great Books of The Western World: VOLUME 5 - Aeschylus / Sophocles / Euripides / Aristophanes, by Encylopaedia Britannica, used copies inexpensive
https://amzn.to/3Fy4INJ
Blog: https://wp.me/pachSU-zK
The Battle of Britain took place from July 1940 to May 1941 as Germany sought to gain air supremacy over Britain in preparation for Operation Sea Lion, a planned invasion of the island country. The battle was the first major campaign fought entirely by air forces and saw intense aerial battles between the German Luftwaffe and British Royal Air Force over southern England throughout the summer and fall of 1940, until the Germans were forced to abandon their plans for invasion due to heavy losses.
The Battle of Midway was an important naval battle between the United States and Japan in June 1942. Though Japan had a larger naval force, the U.S. had broken Japan's naval code and knew of their plan to attack Midway Island. In the resulting battle, the U.S. sank four Japanese aircraft carriers and damaged Japan's navy and confidence severely. This major Allied victory marked a turning point in the Pacific theater, strengthening U.S. power and allowing them to begin taking back territory from Japan.
The Battle of Britain was an air battle fought between the German Luftwaffe and the British Royal Air Force in 1940. The Luftwaffe aimed to destroy Britain's air defenses to enable a German invasion, but were unable to gain air superiority due to superior British equipment and the courage of 2,900 pilots who fought against overwhelming odds. Although Churchill played a limited direct military role, his speeches boosted morale. Germany's failure to gain air superiority, combined with British technological advantages like radar, led to Germany abandoning its invasion plans after four months.
The War in the Pacific 1941-1945 saw the United States and its allies including England, Australia, New Zealand, and China engage in a brutal conflict against the imperialist forces of Japan. After Japan's surprise attack on Pearl Harbor in 1941, the US was left with a crippled Pacific fleet and was forced to engage in a strategy of island hopping to reclaim lost territory from Japan. This strategy involved clearing Japanese forces from islands one by one to build up bases closer to Japan. Major battles included the Battle of Midway in 1942 which marked a turning point, as well as the long campaign to retake Guadalcanal from the Japanese that year. Fighting was intense as the Japanese refused to surrender and the Allies
The document summarizes key tanks and airplanes used during World War II by the United States, Germany, France, and Soviet Union. The M4 Sherman was the main U.S. tank, with over 49,000 produced. The Soviet T-34 was considered the best overall tank, with its effective armament, armor protection, and balance of firepower and mobility. Key U.S. planes mentioned include the P-38 Lightning, P-40 Warhawk, P-47 Thunderbolt, P-51 Mustang, B-17 Flying Fortress, B-24 Liberator, and B-29 Superfortress, including the Enola Gay which dropped the atomic bomb on Hiroshima
The war at sea played a major role in World War 1 and evolved significantly over the course of the war. New technologies like submarines, mines, and torpedoes introduced unpredictable threats and made naval warfare more unpredictable. While great sea battles between large surface fleets were expected, the submarine came to dominate naval warfare, with Germany becoming a master of submarine technology. The British maintained control of key trade routes through use of blockades and their larger naval fleet, though the German submarine campaigns had some successes in sinking merchant ships. Over time, both sides developed countermeasures like depth charges, Q-ships, and ultimately the convoy system to combat the submarine threat.
Operation Barbarossa was the largest military invasion in human history, launched by Nazi Germany against the Soviet Union on June 22, 1941. Over 3 million German troops invaded in an attempt to defeat the Red Army and annex Soviet territories for Lebensraum. The operation involved over 15 million soldiers and resulted in over 6 million casualties within 5 months. Though early victories allowed Germany to capture vast territories, Hitler's failure to prepare for winter and underestimation of Soviet strength led to Germany's defeat at the Battle of Moscow, marking the failure of Operation Barbarossa.
The playwright Aeschylus fought in the Greco-Persian Wars, and the battle scenes of the naval Battle of Salamis in his play, The Persians, may have been eyewitness accounts. They provide a more enthralling and possibly more accurate account of the battle than Herodotus.
We will also consult Herodotus for the actions the wily Themistocles took to ensure a Greek victory in the Battle of Salamis, tricking the great King Xerxes to defeat, and the Ionian Greek woman General Artemisia.
We also summarize the Greek defeat at the Pass of Thermopylae that preceded the Battle of Salamis.
YouTube video: https://youtu.be/cabAkQwHnlk
Please support our channel, if you wish to purchase these Amazon books we receive a small affiliate commission:
The Histories, by Herodotus, Aubrey de Sélincourt, Translator
https://amzn.to/3EQAHID
Herodotus: The Father of History, Audible Audiobook, by Elizabeth Vandiver, The Great Courses
https://amzn.to/38Sh051
The Ancient Greek Historians (Harvard Lectures), by John Bagnell Bury
https://amzn.to/2Z18ZcO
The Greek and Persian Wars, Audible, by John R. Hale, The Great Courses
https://amzn.to/3FrzNCA
Plutarch's Greek Lives, Oxford World Classics, Robin Waterfield, translator
https://amzn.to/32nUYaz
Great Books of The Western World: VOLUME 5 - Aeschylus / Sophocles / Euripides / Aristophanes, by Encylopaedia Britannica, used copies inexpensive
https://amzn.to/3Fy4INJ
Blog: https://wp.me/pachSU-zK
The immediate causes of World War II were Adolf Hitler's rise to power in Germany in 1933 and his subsequent violations of the Treaty of Versailles. Hitler invaded Poland on September 1, 1939 without a declaration of war, prompting Britain and France to declare war on Germany. Germany used the innovative "blitzkrieg" tactic of lightning-fast combined arms attacks to quickly defeat Poland, Denmark, Norway, the Netherlands, Belgium, and force France to surrender in 1940. The British rescued 338,000 Allied troops from encirclement at Dunkirk in May-June 1940 in what was considered a "miracle." On June 22, 1940, France signed an armistice with Germany dividing the country into German-occupied and Vich
The Battle of Trafalgar was a decisive naval victory for the British Royal Navy over the combined fleets of the French Navy and Spanish Navy on October 21, 1805 off the coast of Cape Trafalgar in Spain. The battle resulted in a loss of 22 ships for the Franco-Spanish fleet without any British ships lost. British Admiral Lord Nelson aboard HMS Victory led the British fleet to victory over the 33 French and Spanish ships of the line commanded by French Admiral Pierre-Charles Villeneuve. Nelson was fatally wounded during the battle, but the Royal Navy was able to defeat the enemy fleet within three hours, securing British naval supremacy for the remainder of the Napoleonic Wars.
During World War 2, technological advancements were made in radar, atomic weapons, aircraft, computers, and tanks. Radar was first used by Germany and Britain under different names and Britain had widespread radar networks by the mid-1940s. The United States dropped atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki in August 1945, killing over 120,000 people total. Aircraft became more advanced with aluminum construction, powerful engines, and the beginnings of jet technology. Germany and Britain developed early computers to encrypt messages, though Britain was ultimately able to decrypt German systems. Tanks grew larger, faster, and better armored over the course of the war.
The document discusses several weapons and tactics used during World War I, including automatic machine guns, tanks, airplanes, poison gas, barbed wire fences, snipers, animals used for communication, and submarines. It provides brief descriptions of each, noting things like how machine guns allowed a few soldiers to take down waves of enemies, how tanks provided armor protection and helped troops break through defenses, and how poison gas like phosgene could kill or disable soldiers through inhalation.
The document summarizes life in the trenches for soldiers during World War 1. It describes the boredom of daily life in the trenches, punctuated by moments of terror from bombardment and attacks. Trench warfare was characterized by squalid living conditions with rats, lice, and disease. Soldiers suffered from physical ailments like trench foot and shell shock. Christmas 1914 saw a spontaneous ceasefire and fraternization between British and German soldiers in some areas of the front.
George Washington was the first president of the United States and established important precedents for the office. The document discusses Washington's service during the Revolutionary War and asks what five questions an essay about his life should answer. It also discusses conflicts between Alexander Hamilton and Thomas Jefferson that resulted in the emergence of two political parties with differing views on economic policy, foreign policy, and the interpretation of the Constitution.
1) The Battle of Trafalgar in 1805 was a decisive naval battle between British forces led by Admiral Horatio Nelson and the combined French and Spanish fleets under Admiral Villeneuve.
2) Through innovative tactics, Nelson was able to break the enemy line and defeat the larger Franco-Spanish fleet, establishing British naval supremacy.
3) The defeat destroyed Napoleon's plan to invade Britain and forced him to shift to economic warfare instead of direct military confrontation, securing Britain's control of the seas for over a century.
Why was there stalemate on the western frontevansloth
For the first two months of WWI, both sides engaged in mobile warfare in France and Belgium, but by Christmas 1914 the fighting settled into static trench warfare along the Western Front. An initial German plan to quickly defeat France through Belgium failed at the Battle of the Marne in September. This led to a "Race to the Sea" as both sides tried to outflank each other, ultimately resulting in a line of opposing trenches from the North Sea to the Swiss border. The Battle of Verdun, which began in February 1916 as a German effort to bleed France dry defending the symbolic fortress city, became the longest battle of WWI, lasting until December 1916 with enormous casualties on both sides. In an effort to relieve pressure on
The document summarizes some of the major campaigns of World War 2 in Europe. It describes Germany's early success using blitzkrieg tactics to quickly conquer multiple countries. It then discusses the Allied evacuation of Dunkirk which allowed over 300,000 troops to escape capture. Next, it outlines the Battle of Britain where the RAF defended Britain from German air attacks. It also summarizes Operation Barbarossa where Germany broke its pact with the Soviet Union to launch a massive invasion, reaching as far as Stalingrad before being stopped by winter.
The Battle of the Bulge from December 1944 to January 1945 was the largest land battle of World War II in Western Europe involving over 1 million soldiers from the US, Germany, and Britain. It resulted in over 81,000 US casualties including 19,000 killed. The defeat of German forces in this battle was a major turning point that led to the Allied victory in Europe several months later.
Chapter 4 Part Two (Hitler's expansionist policy)Reuben Ong
Hitler took advantage of Britain and France's policy of appeasement to aggressively expand German territory. He first remilitarized the Rhineland, then supported Franco in the Spanish Civil War to test Germany's military. When Britain and France did nothing in response, Hitler grew bolder and annexed Austria to unite German-speaking peoples. After annexing the Sudetenland from Czechoslovakia at Munich, Hitler took the rest of the country. Confident that the Western allies would continue to appease him, Hitler then invaded Poland, prompting Britain and France's declaration of war and the start of World War II.
The Battle of the Bulge was Hitler's last major offensive on the Western Front of World War II, intended to split the Allied forces and capture the port of Antwerp. In December 1944, the Germans launched a surprise attack through the Ardennes forest in Belgium and Luxembourg. After some initial successes, Allied resistance stiffened and German forces were unable to achieve their objectives. By January 1945, lack of fuel and supplies forced Germany to withdraw from the Ardennes, marking the end of major German offensives on the Western Front and bringing their defeat closer.
On June 6, 1944, over 160,000 Allied troops stormed five beaches along the Normandy coastline in Nazi-occupied northern France, marking the largest seaborne invasion in history. Codenamed Operation Overlord, the D-Day invasion involved airborne drops and naval bombardments to support the troops landing on the heavily fortified beaches, where over 9,000 Allied soldiers were killed or wounded that day. However, the invasion succeeded in gaining a foothold for the Allies in Normandy, marking a major turning point in the defeat of Nazi Germany in World War II.
The Gulf of Tonkin incident involved alleged attacks by North Vietnamese torpedo boats on US ships in the Gulf of Tonkin in 1964. This gave President Johnson the justification to escalate US military involvement in Vietnam. Congress passed the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution, allowing Johnson to take any measures seen as necessary to retaliate and prevent further attacks. While at least one attack occurred, the second attack claimed was likely non-existent, but it convinced Congress and increased public support for Johnson's stance against communism in Vietnam. This paved the way for large-scale US bombing of North Vietnam and military escalation.
The document discusses naval warfare during World War 1, which took place globally in every ocean. It describes early German raider successes like the SMS Emden in the Indian Ocean. It also discusses major battles like Germany's defeat of British cruisers off Chile and Britain's subsequent victory over Germany at the Falkland Islands. The blockade strategies of both sides are outlined, as well as the large naval encounter at the Battle of Jutland. Germany turned to submarine warfare with U-boats, launching an unrestricted campaign in 1917 against merchant ships from any nation. New convoy tactics and technology like depth charges helped turn the tide for the Allies. Naval losses were enormous, with over 57,000 British and Commonwealth casualties
Totalitarian governments like those of Hitler, Stalin, and Mussolini are discussed. Hitler invades Poland in 1939 starting WWII. Within a year, Germany conquers much of Western Europe while Britain withstands the Luftwaffe bombing campaign. In 1941, Germany invades the Soviet Union and makes large gains initially. Japan attacks Pearl Harbor in 1941 bringing the US into the war against the Axis powers. With help from allies like the Soviet Union and US, the Allies gain victories over German and Japanese forces in several key battles. Germany surrenders in 1945 after the atomic bombs are dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki, ending WWII.
The Irish Civil War began as divisions grew between those who supported the Anglo-Irish Treaty (Pro-Treaty) and those opposed to it (Anti-Treaty). Fighting broke out in Dublin as Anti-Treaty forces occupied buildings and the Pro-Treaty forces, led by Michael Collins, attacked in response. The Anti-Treaty forces retreated south but were defeated as the Pro-Treaty army cut off supply lines by sea and land. Key leaders on both sides, including Collins and Arthur Griffith, were killed as the bitter fighting continued for over a year until the Anti-Treaty forces surrendered in 1923 after losing their leader Liam Lynch. The Civil War caused deep divisions in
The Weimar Republic was established in Germany after World War 1 ended in 1918. The Treaty of Versailles imposed harsh terms on Germany, including war reparations that severely damaged its economy. In the early 1920s, political unrest grew as extremist groups on the far left and right fought for control. Hyperinflation hit Germany hard in 1923, wiping out savings and causing economic chaos. Though the economy recovered in the late 1920s, the Great Depression led to high unemployment and further political instability. By 1932, Adolf Hitler and the Nazi party had become the largest party in the Reichstag, and Hitler was appointed chancellor in 1933.
The Battle of Okinawa took place from April to June 1945 as Allied forces sought to take the island of Okinawa to use as a base for the planned invasion of Japan. Over 60,000 Allied soldiers landed on Okinawa's beaches on April 1st meeting little resistance at first. However, the Japanese mounted increasingly fierce defenses over the following months. The battle resulted in over 12,000 American deaths, 36,000 wounded, and over 100,000 civilian casualties as the Japanese military encouraged mass suicides rather than surrender. It was one of the bloodiest battles of the Pacific War, but securing Okinawa allowed the Allies to begin preparations for the planned invasion of Japan.
The Battle of the Bulge was a major German offensive launched through the Ardennes Forest in Belgium in December 1944 in an attempt to split the American and British forces. Hitler believed that inflicting a massive defeat would break the Allied coalition. Over 500,000 German soldiers attacked 600,000 Americans and 55,000 British under extreme cold and snowy conditions. Though it caught the Allies by surprise, the German offensive ultimately failed after over a month of fighting, costing them around 100,000 casualties.
This document provides an overview of submarine (or U-boat) geography during World War II. It discusses key aspects such as:
- U.S. and German submarine designs from WWII
- The readiness of the U.S. submarine fleet at the start of the war
- Problems with early U.S. torpedo technology
- Offensive submarine tactics developed by German commander Donitz, including close-range attacks and wolfpack formations
- Defensive measures taken by Allied forces like convoy routes and anti-submarine warfare
- Locations of major German U-boat bunkers constructed during the war
In 3 sentences or less, it summarizes key information about submarine warfare during WWII.
The immediate causes of World War II were Adolf Hitler's rise to power in Germany in 1933 and his subsequent violations of the Treaty of Versailles. Hitler invaded Poland on September 1, 1939 without a declaration of war, prompting Britain and France to declare war on Germany. Germany used the innovative "blitzkrieg" tactic of lightning-fast combined arms attacks to quickly defeat Poland, Denmark, Norway, the Netherlands, Belgium, and force France to surrender in 1940. The British rescued 338,000 Allied troops from encirclement at Dunkirk in May-June 1940 in what was considered a "miracle." On June 22, 1940, France signed an armistice with Germany dividing the country into German-occupied and Vich
The Battle of Trafalgar was a decisive naval victory for the British Royal Navy over the combined fleets of the French Navy and Spanish Navy on October 21, 1805 off the coast of Cape Trafalgar in Spain. The battle resulted in a loss of 22 ships for the Franco-Spanish fleet without any British ships lost. British Admiral Lord Nelson aboard HMS Victory led the British fleet to victory over the 33 French and Spanish ships of the line commanded by French Admiral Pierre-Charles Villeneuve. Nelson was fatally wounded during the battle, but the Royal Navy was able to defeat the enemy fleet within three hours, securing British naval supremacy for the remainder of the Napoleonic Wars.
During World War 2, technological advancements were made in radar, atomic weapons, aircraft, computers, and tanks. Radar was first used by Germany and Britain under different names and Britain had widespread radar networks by the mid-1940s. The United States dropped atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki in August 1945, killing over 120,000 people total. Aircraft became more advanced with aluminum construction, powerful engines, and the beginnings of jet technology. Germany and Britain developed early computers to encrypt messages, though Britain was ultimately able to decrypt German systems. Tanks grew larger, faster, and better armored over the course of the war.
The document discusses several weapons and tactics used during World War I, including automatic machine guns, tanks, airplanes, poison gas, barbed wire fences, snipers, animals used for communication, and submarines. It provides brief descriptions of each, noting things like how machine guns allowed a few soldiers to take down waves of enemies, how tanks provided armor protection and helped troops break through defenses, and how poison gas like phosgene could kill or disable soldiers through inhalation.
The document summarizes life in the trenches for soldiers during World War 1. It describes the boredom of daily life in the trenches, punctuated by moments of terror from bombardment and attacks. Trench warfare was characterized by squalid living conditions with rats, lice, and disease. Soldiers suffered from physical ailments like trench foot and shell shock. Christmas 1914 saw a spontaneous ceasefire and fraternization between British and German soldiers in some areas of the front.
George Washington was the first president of the United States and established important precedents for the office. The document discusses Washington's service during the Revolutionary War and asks what five questions an essay about his life should answer. It also discusses conflicts between Alexander Hamilton and Thomas Jefferson that resulted in the emergence of two political parties with differing views on economic policy, foreign policy, and the interpretation of the Constitution.
1) The Battle of Trafalgar in 1805 was a decisive naval battle between British forces led by Admiral Horatio Nelson and the combined French and Spanish fleets under Admiral Villeneuve.
2) Through innovative tactics, Nelson was able to break the enemy line and defeat the larger Franco-Spanish fleet, establishing British naval supremacy.
3) The defeat destroyed Napoleon's plan to invade Britain and forced him to shift to economic warfare instead of direct military confrontation, securing Britain's control of the seas for over a century.
Why was there stalemate on the western frontevansloth
For the first two months of WWI, both sides engaged in mobile warfare in France and Belgium, but by Christmas 1914 the fighting settled into static trench warfare along the Western Front. An initial German plan to quickly defeat France through Belgium failed at the Battle of the Marne in September. This led to a "Race to the Sea" as both sides tried to outflank each other, ultimately resulting in a line of opposing trenches from the North Sea to the Swiss border. The Battle of Verdun, which began in February 1916 as a German effort to bleed France dry defending the symbolic fortress city, became the longest battle of WWI, lasting until December 1916 with enormous casualties on both sides. In an effort to relieve pressure on
The document summarizes some of the major campaigns of World War 2 in Europe. It describes Germany's early success using blitzkrieg tactics to quickly conquer multiple countries. It then discusses the Allied evacuation of Dunkirk which allowed over 300,000 troops to escape capture. Next, it outlines the Battle of Britain where the RAF defended Britain from German air attacks. It also summarizes Operation Barbarossa where Germany broke its pact with the Soviet Union to launch a massive invasion, reaching as far as Stalingrad before being stopped by winter.
The Battle of the Bulge from December 1944 to January 1945 was the largest land battle of World War II in Western Europe involving over 1 million soldiers from the US, Germany, and Britain. It resulted in over 81,000 US casualties including 19,000 killed. The defeat of German forces in this battle was a major turning point that led to the Allied victory in Europe several months later.
Chapter 4 Part Two (Hitler's expansionist policy)Reuben Ong
Hitler took advantage of Britain and France's policy of appeasement to aggressively expand German territory. He first remilitarized the Rhineland, then supported Franco in the Spanish Civil War to test Germany's military. When Britain and France did nothing in response, Hitler grew bolder and annexed Austria to unite German-speaking peoples. After annexing the Sudetenland from Czechoslovakia at Munich, Hitler took the rest of the country. Confident that the Western allies would continue to appease him, Hitler then invaded Poland, prompting Britain and France's declaration of war and the start of World War II.
The Battle of the Bulge was Hitler's last major offensive on the Western Front of World War II, intended to split the Allied forces and capture the port of Antwerp. In December 1944, the Germans launched a surprise attack through the Ardennes forest in Belgium and Luxembourg. After some initial successes, Allied resistance stiffened and German forces were unable to achieve their objectives. By January 1945, lack of fuel and supplies forced Germany to withdraw from the Ardennes, marking the end of major German offensives on the Western Front and bringing their defeat closer.
On June 6, 1944, over 160,000 Allied troops stormed five beaches along the Normandy coastline in Nazi-occupied northern France, marking the largest seaborne invasion in history. Codenamed Operation Overlord, the D-Day invasion involved airborne drops and naval bombardments to support the troops landing on the heavily fortified beaches, where over 9,000 Allied soldiers were killed or wounded that day. However, the invasion succeeded in gaining a foothold for the Allies in Normandy, marking a major turning point in the defeat of Nazi Germany in World War II.
The Gulf of Tonkin incident involved alleged attacks by North Vietnamese torpedo boats on US ships in the Gulf of Tonkin in 1964. This gave President Johnson the justification to escalate US military involvement in Vietnam. Congress passed the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution, allowing Johnson to take any measures seen as necessary to retaliate and prevent further attacks. While at least one attack occurred, the second attack claimed was likely non-existent, but it convinced Congress and increased public support for Johnson's stance against communism in Vietnam. This paved the way for large-scale US bombing of North Vietnam and military escalation.
The document discusses naval warfare during World War 1, which took place globally in every ocean. It describes early German raider successes like the SMS Emden in the Indian Ocean. It also discusses major battles like Germany's defeat of British cruisers off Chile and Britain's subsequent victory over Germany at the Falkland Islands. The blockade strategies of both sides are outlined, as well as the large naval encounter at the Battle of Jutland. Germany turned to submarine warfare with U-boats, launching an unrestricted campaign in 1917 against merchant ships from any nation. New convoy tactics and technology like depth charges helped turn the tide for the Allies. Naval losses were enormous, with over 57,000 British and Commonwealth casualties
Totalitarian governments like those of Hitler, Stalin, and Mussolini are discussed. Hitler invades Poland in 1939 starting WWII. Within a year, Germany conquers much of Western Europe while Britain withstands the Luftwaffe bombing campaign. In 1941, Germany invades the Soviet Union and makes large gains initially. Japan attacks Pearl Harbor in 1941 bringing the US into the war against the Axis powers. With help from allies like the Soviet Union and US, the Allies gain victories over German and Japanese forces in several key battles. Germany surrenders in 1945 after the atomic bombs are dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki, ending WWII.
The Irish Civil War began as divisions grew between those who supported the Anglo-Irish Treaty (Pro-Treaty) and those opposed to it (Anti-Treaty). Fighting broke out in Dublin as Anti-Treaty forces occupied buildings and the Pro-Treaty forces, led by Michael Collins, attacked in response. The Anti-Treaty forces retreated south but were defeated as the Pro-Treaty army cut off supply lines by sea and land. Key leaders on both sides, including Collins and Arthur Griffith, were killed as the bitter fighting continued for over a year until the Anti-Treaty forces surrendered in 1923 after losing their leader Liam Lynch. The Civil War caused deep divisions in
The Weimar Republic was established in Germany after World War 1 ended in 1918. The Treaty of Versailles imposed harsh terms on Germany, including war reparations that severely damaged its economy. In the early 1920s, political unrest grew as extremist groups on the far left and right fought for control. Hyperinflation hit Germany hard in 1923, wiping out savings and causing economic chaos. Though the economy recovered in the late 1920s, the Great Depression led to high unemployment and further political instability. By 1932, Adolf Hitler and the Nazi party had become the largest party in the Reichstag, and Hitler was appointed chancellor in 1933.
The Battle of Okinawa took place from April to June 1945 as Allied forces sought to take the island of Okinawa to use as a base for the planned invasion of Japan. Over 60,000 Allied soldiers landed on Okinawa's beaches on April 1st meeting little resistance at first. However, the Japanese mounted increasingly fierce defenses over the following months. The battle resulted in over 12,000 American deaths, 36,000 wounded, and over 100,000 civilian casualties as the Japanese military encouraged mass suicides rather than surrender. It was one of the bloodiest battles of the Pacific War, but securing Okinawa allowed the Allies to begin preparations for the planned invasion of Japan.
The Battle of the Bulge was a major German offensive launched through the Ardennes Forest in Belgium in December 1944 in an attempt to split the American and British forces. Hitler believed that inflicting a massive defeat would break the Allied coalition. Over 500,000 German soldiers attacked 600,000 Americans and 55,000 British under extreme cold and snowy conditions. Though it caught the Allies by surprise, the German offensive ultimately failed after over a month of fighting, costing them around 100,000 casualties.
This document provides an overview of submarine (or U-boat) geography during World War II. It discusses key aspects such as:
- U.S. and German submarine designs from WWII
- The readiness of the U.S. submarine fleet at the start of the war
- Problems with early U.S. torpedo technology
- Offensive submarine tactics developed by German commander Donitz, including close-range attacks and wolfpack formations
- Defensive measures taken by Allied forces like convoy routes and anti-submarine warfare
- Locations of major German U-boat bunkers constructed during the war
In 3 sentences or less, it summarizes key information about submarine warfare during WWII.
This document discusses interactions between fishing vessels and submarines, including historical incidents of net snagging, collisions, and sinkings. It provides details on relevant vessel types and areas of submarine activity. Several case studies are described in which fishing vessels disappeared or were damaged in areas where submarines were present, though governments often initially denied involvement before later admissions. International resolutions have called for submarines to avoid interactions with fishing vessels and gear when possible, but implementation remains a challenge.
Sea power session 4-glorious revolution and beachy head for pdfJim Powers
The Second Hundred Years War begins as the Glorious Revolution aligns England and the Netherlands against Louis xiv under the same monarch William iii of Orange. Revised version
We Shall Fight on the Beaches June 4, 1940House of C.docxcelenarouzie
We Shall Fight on the Beaches
June 4, 1940
House of Commons
The position of the B. E.F had now become critical As a result of a most skillfully conducted retreat and German errors, the bulk of the British Forces reached the Dunkirk bridgehead. The peril facing the British nation was now suddenly and universally perceived. On May 26, "Operation Dynamo "--the evacuation from Dunkirk began. The seas remained absolutely calm. The Royal Air Force--bitterly maligned at the time by the Army--fought vehemently to deny the enemy the total air supremacy which would have wrecked the operation. At the outset, it was hoped that 45,000 men might be evacuated; in the event, over 338,000 Allied troops reached England, including 26,000 French soldiers. On June 4, Churchill reported to the House of Commons, seeking to check the mood of national euphoria and relief at the unexpected deliverance, and to make a clear appeal to the United States.
From the moment that the French defenses at Sedan and on the Meuse were broken at the end of the second week of May, only a rapid retreat to Amiens and the south could have saved the British and French Armies who had entered Belgium at the appeal of the Belgian King; but this strategic fact was not immediately realized. The French High Command hoped they would be able to close the gap, and the Armies of the north were under their orders. Moreover, a retirement of this kind would have involved almost certainly the destruction of the fine Belgian Army of over 20 divisions and the abandonment of the whole of Belgium. Therefore, when the force and scope of the German penetration were realized and when a new French Generalissimo, General Weygand, assumed command in place of General Gamelin, an effort was made by the French and British Armies in Belgium to keep on holding the right hand of the Belgians and to give their own right hand to a newly created French Army which was to have advanced across the Somme in great strength to grasp it.
However, the German eruption swept like a sharp scythe around the right and rear of the Armies of the north. Eight or nine armored divisions, each of about four hundred armored vehicles of different kinds, but carefully assorted to be complementary and divisible into small self-contained units, cut off all communications between us and the main French Armies. It severed our own communications for food and ammunition, which ran first to Amiens and afterwards through Abbeville, and it shore its way up the coast to Boulogne and Calais, and almost to Dunkirk. Behind this armored and mechanized onslaught came a number of German divisions in lorries, and behind them again there plodded comparatively slowly the dull brute mass of the ordinary German Army and German people, always so ready to be led to the trampling down in other lands of liberties and comforts which they have never known in their own.
I have said this armored scythe-stroke almost reached Dunkirk-almost but not quite. Boulogne a.
It is an English project for class XI for the chapter WE'RE NOT AFRAID TO DIE .....IF WE CAN ALL BE TOGETHER. This is an amazing and interesting topic. Work like a pro and become a director😀
A loose cannon aboard a ship threatens to destroy the vessel as it careens unpredictably across the deck, crushing crew members in its path. The captain orders anything that can be thrown below deck to try and slow it, but to no avail as the cannon continues its rampage. Their only hope is the gunner who caused the accident by failing to properly secure the cannon - he boldly confronts the cannon, using an iron bar and rope to try and subdue it in a terrifying, life-or-death battle between man and machine.
History And Technology Research Paper apr132015John Murray
This document summarizes a research paper on the history of technology and its interaction with naval warfare. It discusses several cases throughout history where technological capabilities did not match the understanding or training of sailors, including Commodore Perry arming ships on Lake Erie in the War of 1812 and the first battle between the USS Monitor and CSS Merrimack. It also highlights successes like the role of codebreaking in the Battle of Midway during World War II. The paper examines how technology has both helped and hindered naval operations and how the relationship between sailors and their tools has evolved over time.
US Navy in WW II; session v, Battle for the AtlanticJim Powers
America begins her major role in the war by opposing the submarine menace, long before Pearl Harbor. This session looks at how antisubmarine warfare evolves. Without victory in this phase, the Allies could not have defeated Hitler.
Means of WarfareThough we have no records of ancient man’s iAbramMartino96
Means of Warfare
Though we have no records of ancient man’s interest in flight we definitely can go back to the great Leonardo Da Vinci and sketches of a mechanical winged device and the Ornithopter. In the ensuing years, man developed hot air balloons. First used during the Napoleonic Wars, the US Army used them during the Civil War, and the French government used them while the Prussians laid siege to Paris in 1870. With such a graphic demonstration of the new options they presented, the British, French, Austrians and Germans developed Balloon Corps within their military establishments. Count Ferdinand von Zeppelin developed the first dirigible with a rigid frame—the zeppelin—in 1900. All these are lighter than air inventions. Simultaneous to their development, scientists and inventors examined the possibilities for heavier than air flight. Sir George Cayley studied the physics of flight and developed a practical glider. Sir William Henson built on Cayley’s work and developed a prototype for a steam-driven aircraft. Francis Wenham built the first wind tunnel. Alphonse Penaud and Victor Tatin developed monoplanes and Russian Alexander Mozhaiski flew a steam-powered monoplane 98 feet.[1]However, all these models had significant difficulties with the controls and were subject to the vagaries of the atmosphere and terrain.
The Wrightflyer
It was the Wright brothers who finally developed mechanical means of controlling pitch, role and yaw. Rather than looking at a steam engine, they developed a light-weight internal combustion engine for their plane. They succeeded in conducting the first controlled flight of a powered engine at Kill Devil Hills in North Carolina on December 17, 1903.[2] The years between that first flight and the outbreak of the Great War saw tremendous development of aircraft throughout Europe, and most of the Armies kept close tabs on those developments, many of them operating their own aircraft programs.
Aircraft were a part of the arsenals of all the belligerents in the Great War, but they had very limited use. One of the most important of their capabilities was intelligence gathering. Able to fly above the battlefield, and behind enemy lines, pilots could provide important information on enemy troop movements and artillery placement to their headquarters. Occasionally they dropped hand grenades on the enemy. Once they had developed proper gun synchronization (to prevent the pilot from destroying the propeller as he fired his machine gun) pilots of the various belligerents engaged in “dog fights.” Flyers became the new heroes of the 20th century, though regardless of the “romance” of the airman, aircraft had little impact on the outcome of World War I. Take a look at some of the early planes and pilot training in this documentary from World War I.
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World War I Aircraft (WWI Documentary, 1953)
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The Titanic tragedy is a poignant tale that intertwines ambition, engineering marvels, and human tragedy. The ship was a marvel of its time, considered unsinkable due to its innovative design and luxurious amenities. However, its fate serves as a reminder of the limitations of human ingenuity and the unpredictable forces of nature.
The Titanic was an engineering masterpiece, designed with cutting-edge technology for its era. Constructed by the Harland and Wolff shipyard in Belfast, Ireland, it was a feat of engineering boasting a length of about 882 feet and a width of 92.5 feet. The ship was divided into 16 compartments, supposedly watertight, a design that was believed to make it virtually unsinkable even if several compartments were breached.
Its hull was constructed using high-quality steel, a material believed to be strong and resilient. However, the steel used in the construction had a high sulfur content, making it more brittle in cold temperatures—a crucial factor contributing to the catastrophic iceberg collision.
The ship's opulence was unparalleled, with lavish interiors featuring intricate woodwork, plush furnishings, and state-of-the-art amenities for its passengers. Despite its grandeur, the Titanic was not equipped with enough lifeboats to accommodate all passengers and crew, a tragic oversight that exacerbated the loss of life when disaster struck.
On the fateful night of April 14, 1912, the Titanic, on its maiden voyage from Southampton to New York City, collided with an iceberg in the frigid North Atlantic waters. The impact caused severe damage, breaching multiple compartments and compromising the supposedly watertight design.
The fatal flaw became evident as the compartments filled with water, causing the ship to gradually sink. The inadequate number of lifeboats exacerbated the catastrophe, leading to the loss of over 1,500 lives out of the approximately 2,224 passengers and crew on board.
The Titanic tragedy remains a poignant reminder of the limitations of human hubris, despite advancements in technology and design. It serves as a crucial lesson in maritime safety, influencing subsequent regulations and practices to ensure the safety of passengers and crew on modern-day ships.
Titanic was the largest ship in the world at the time of its launch in 1912. It was designed to provide the ultimate in luxury for first-class passengers with opulent accommodations comparable to high-end hotels. On its maiden voyage from Southampton to New York, Titanic carried over 3,500 passengers and crew, including some of the wealthiest people in society traveling first-class. However, it also carried hundreds of immigrants traveling third-class seeking better lives in America. Unfortunately, Titanic's voyage ended in tragedy when it struck an iceberg and sank on its first trip across the Atlantic Ocean, leading to many lives being lost.
Titanic was the largest ship in the world at the time of its launch in 1912. It was designed to provide the ultimate in luxury, especially for first-class passengers, who could stay in opulent suites that rivaled fine hotels. However, on its maiden voyage from Southampton to New York, Titanic struck an iceberg and sank within hours, resulting in the deaths of over 1,500 people aboard since there were not enough lifeboats for all passengers and crew. The disaster and loss of lives from the "unsinkable" Titanic shocked the world and has remained infamous ever since.
This document provides an analysis of the script for Christopher Nolan's film Dunkirk. It summarizes that the script follows the true story of the evacuation of 400,000 trapped soldiers from Dunkirk beach in France during World War II through the perspectives of soldiers on the beach, RAF pilots, and civilians on a boat assisting with the evacuation. It describes the script's style, its 12 rating indicating a target adult audience, and how the multiple storylines do not follow a traditional narrative structure by jumping between characters and times. Finally, it analyzes that Dunkirk incorporates elements of different genres like war and drama, supporting the idea that genres are now hybridized.
Stuart Philpott joined a scientific survey of the unique Valentine tanks wrecks in Poole Bay led by Bournemouth University. The survey team, consisting of marine archaeology students, located all seven tanks that were lost during secret tests in 1944. Their initial findings showed significant corrosion of the tank armor over the 25 years Philpott has been visiting the sites. At the current rate of degradation, the last remaining intact tank is expected to fully disintegrate within the next ten years.
80 Years Ago - The Real Story Behind the Attack on Pearl HarbourPeter Hammond
1) The attack on Pearl Harbor was not unexpected or unprecedented as some claim. The British Royal Navy had previously attacked naval ships at anchor through surprise air attacks using torpedoes launched from aircraft carriers.
2) US military intelligence had intercepted communications indicating Japan would attack somewhere in the Pacific on December 7th, 1941 but President Roosevelt failed to warn military commanders or take other precautions.
3) Some argue Roosevelt deliberately allowed the attack on Pearl Harbor to occur in order to draw the reluctant US public into World War 2 to aid Britain against Germany. Classified documents from the time continue to be withheld from the public.
A GENERAL SEMANTICSANALYSIS OE THE RMSTITANIC DISASTERMA.docxsleeperharwell
A GENERAL SEMANTICS
ANALYSIS OE THE RMS
TITANIC DISASTER
MARTIN H . LEVINSON
...And as the smart ship grew
In stature, grace, and hue.
In shadowy silent distance
grew the Iceberg too.
From The Convergence of the Twain by Thomas Hardy
Introduction
RMS Titanic, the largest moving object of its time, began its maiden voyage
from Southampton, England, to New York City on Wednesday, April 10,
1912. On Sunday, April 14, the temperature of the Atlantic Ocean fell to
near freezing; the night was clear and calm. The ship's captain had received
various ice warnings from other vessels, some of which reached him while
others did not.
At 11:40 PM, while sailing about 400 miles south of the Grand Banks of
Newfoundland, lookouts spotted a large iceberg directly in the Titánicas path
The ship turned left to avoid the berg, but the massive chunk of ice openec
mortal holes on the vessel's starboard side. The captain ordered lifeboats
deployed and distress signals sent out.
Many of the lifeboats were launched at less than full capacity and a
woman-and-children-first policy was the rule for coming aboard. At 2:20 AM.
Martin H. Levinson, PhD, is the president of the Institute of General Semantics, vice presi-
dent of the New York Society for General Semantics, and a member of the Titanic Histori-
cal Society. He is the author of numerous articles and several books on general semantics
and other subjects. His latest book is Brooklyn Boorher: Growing Up in the Fifties (2011). He
can be contacted at [email protected]
143
144 ETC • APRIL 2012
the Titanic sank beneath the waves, a sinking that ended in the deaths of over
1,500 people and the start of a public fascination with a disaster filled with
hubris, heartbreak, and heroism. This article will examine many significant
aspects of that disaster through the formulations of general semantics.
/. The Map IsJVot the Territory
An Unsinkable Ship—Not Really
In 1912, the year it sank, the Titanic was known as the finest ship afloat. It
weighed over 46,000 tons, was as high as an 11-story building, and was
883-feet long from bow to stem (about a sixth of a mile). It had 29 boilers,
159 furnaces, and a maximum speed of 24 knots. The Titanic was consid-
ered so well constructed that many nautical experts thought the ship vir-
tually unsinkable.
The Titanic was reported to be watertight. It had a double bottom (the hull
was built with two coats of steel) and was divided into 16 watertight compart-
ments separated by bulkheads pierced by a series of doors that were controlled
either by automatic floating switches or by command from the bridge.
On the night of April 14, when the Titanic hit the iceberg, water begun
flooding into at least five of its "watertight compartments" that were any-
thing but watertight as the bulkhead walls did not rise appreciably .above
the waterline. Water coming over the bulkhead walls could cascade into
other compartments, which is what happened the night the Titanic went
under. (Th.
The document summarizes the Japanese raid on Ceylon (now Sri Lanka) on Easter Sunday 1942. The Japanese goal was to destroy the British naval presence in Ceylon before it became a threat. Over two strikes on April 5th and 9th, the Japanese sank several British ships and destroyed aircraft on the ground. While the Japanese failed to find and destroy the entire British Eastern Fleet, the raid highlighted weaknesses in British air defenses, radar capabilities, and underestimation of Japanese air power and intentions. Lessons included the importance of air defense, intelligence, coordination, and not underestimating the enemy.
The Dunkirk evacuation relied heavily on civilian vessels known as the "Little Ships" to rescue over 338,000 Allied soldiers trapped on the beaches. These included pleasure boats, barges, tugs, and other small craft from London and southern England that could navigate close to shore. Despite intense attacks from the Luftwaffe, the Little Ships bravely transported soldiers from the beaches to larger ships waiting offshore over the course of a week in May 1940. Many Thames vessels participated, including the paddle steamer Medway Queen which rescued 7,000 men and shot down three German fighters. Sailing barges also contributed, though nine were lost, demonstrating the heroic efforts of these civilian crews.
The document describes the recovery of a B-25 bomber from Lake Murray, South Carolina between 2005-2010. It provides details on the planning and execution of the recovery operation, including attaching lines to the aircraft, setting up a four point mooring system, and using lift bags to raise the 22,000 pound plane. The project involved many volunteers and overcame challenges like a hurricane to ultimately succeed in recovering the historic aircraft largely intact for preservation and public education.
Similar to Dunkirk - Separating Fact From Fiction (20)
The Wesley brothers, John and Charles, were central figures of the 18th century Evangelical Revival in Britain. They grew up during the Industrial Revolution, a time of rapid social and economic change. Both brothers experienced spiritual crises and conversions that led them to preach the doctrine of justification by faith alone, sparking widespread evangelism across Britain and literally transforming society.
Girolamo Savonarola - The Reformer of FlorencePeter Hammond
Savonarola was born in 1452 in Ferrara, Italy to a noble family. He studied philosophy, logic, and medicine before becoming a monk in 1475 and joining the Dominicans. He was sent to Florence where he began fearlessly preaching against the corruption and immorality he saw in the Catholic Church and Florentine society. Savonarola gained a large following and confronted the ruling Medici family. When the Medici's power waned, Savonarola became ruler of Florence for three years and instituted moral reforms. However, he made enemies, including Pope Alexander VI, who had Savonarola excommunicated, imprisoned, and tortured. Remaining steadfast in his beliefs,
Jan Hus was a 15th century Bohemian priest who preached reformist views that challenged the Catholic Church's corruption and abuse of power. Inspired by John Wycliffe's teachings, Hus denounced the sale of indulgences and sins of clergy. He was excommunicated, summoned to a church council, and despite an imperial guarantee of safe passage, was imprisoned and burned at the stake for heresy. Hus' martyrdom helped spread reformist resistance against Rome's authority and led to military conflicts between Hussite followers and the Holy Roman Empire.
Anne of Bohemia was the eldest daughter of the Holy Roman Emperor and a friend of the Protestant Reformation. She loved studying the Bible and protected John Wycliffe from persecution. Anne encouraged Bohemian students to study under Wycliffe and helped spread Reformation teachings throughout Europe. Her marriage to King Richard II of England was said to be happy. However, Anne tragically died of plague at age 27, deeply mourning by the people of England. Her influence helped spread Reformation ideas to Bohemia and beyond.
The Waldesians Firm and Faithful Alpine Fighters for the FaithPeter Hammond
Peter Waldo was a wealthy merchant in Lyons, France who gave away all his possessions after a friend's death led him to seriously consider his soul. He had priests translate the Gospels into French and was convicted by what he read. Waldo and his followers, called the Waldensians, sought to live in voluntary poverty and preach the Gospel, which brought persecution from the Catholic Church. Despite centuries of persecution, the Waldensians survived and helped inspire reformers like Jan Hus, spreading the Gospel across Europe through traveling preachers.
Countering Halloween Witchcraft with Biblical ReformationPeter Hammond
This document discusses Halloween and argues that it has origins in pagan rituals rather than Christianity. It describes Halloween traditions like costumes, jack-o-lanterns, and trick-or-treating as having roots in Celtic harvest festivals and Druid practices involving human and animal sacrifices to appease spirits. The document recommends that Christians celebrate Reformation Day instead of Halloween and warns that Halloween promotes occult beliefs and can introduce people to witchcraft. It provides many Bible verses condemning pagan practices and encouraging Christians to stand against evil.
William Wilberforce and the Campaign to End SlaveryPeter Hammond
This document provides background on William Wilberforce and his lifelong crusade to abolish the slave trade in Britain. It details how Wilberforce was inspired by his Christian faith to take on this cause, despite facing overwhelming opposition. After years of persistent effort, public awareness campaigns, and legal battles, Wilberforce succeeded in getting Parliament to pass acts abolishing the slave trade in 1807 and emancipating all slaves in the British Empire by 1833, just before his death. The document emphasizes Wilberforce's moral leadership and the role of his evangelical Christian faith in fueling his determination to achieve these landmark reforms.
Queen Elizabeth I and the Spanish ArmadaPeter Hammond
Queen Elizabeth I was England's greatest queen who successfully established Protestantism and led England during a golden age. Under her 45-year reign, England defeated the Spanish Armada, establishing itself as a naval power. Shakespeare and other artists flourished during her Protestant rule, which contrasted with the Catholic persecutions under her half-sister Queen Mary I. The Spanish Armada posed an immense threat in 1588 as it sought to invade England, but the Royal Navy led by Hawkins and Drake used superior cannons to defeat the larger Spanish fleet in a decisive victory.
A Christian Perspective on the War in UkrainePeter Hammond
This document provides a Christian perspective on the war in Ukraine from Dr. Peter Hammond. It makes several key points in 3 or fewer sentences:
The war pits millions of Christians against each other and has caused much suffering. Ukraine has a history of oppression under communism, particularly Stalin's regime which caused millions of deaths. Attempts to expand NATO and draw Ukraine away from Russia's sphere of influence helped precipitate the conflict despite warnings from Russia.
Hudson Taylor was a British Protestant Christian missionary to China in the 19th century. He founded the China Inland Mission, now known as OMF International, which became a large missionary organization that focused on evangelizing interior regions of China. Some key aspects:
- Taylor was called to be a missionary to China from a young age and prepared extensively through language study, theology study, and living frugally.
- He adopted Chinese dress and customs to better connect with Chinese people and viewed this as important for an indigenous church. This was controversial among other missionaries.
- Taylor started the China Inland Mission in 1865 with the goal of sending missionaries deep into China without salaries and relying on faith for provisions.
This document discusses the challenge of finding suitable missionary volunteers. It notes that while opportunities for missionary work are vast, there are not enough volunteers to fill positions on the mission field. It attributes this shortage to modern secular culture that discourages long-term commitment and sacrifice. The document then outlines the qualities needed for effective missionary work, including diligent Bible study, strong Christian character, integrity, a positive attitude, and a willingness to endure hardship and criticism. It provides examples from missionary pioneers who exhibited these qualities and were willing to sacrifice all for the cause of missions.
The document discusses how the 19th century was the greatest century of Christian missions and expansion. It summarizes that in 1801, Christianity was concentrated in Europe and North America, with Asia and Africa largely unevangelized. However, by 1900 Christianity had spread to become a worldwide religion. It attributes this to the pioneering missionaries of the 19th century who overcame immense hardships and obstacles to spread the gospel despite limited resources. The document urges Christians to learn from these missionaries' effective strategies and sacrifices if the 21st century is to see similar growth.
This document provides 17 reasons for why the evangelization of non-Christians (the heathen) is important. It argues that all people are lost and in need of salvation due to humanity's sinful nature. It cites biblical passages stating that Jesus is the only way to salvation and that he commands followers to spread the gospel message to all nations. The document emphasizes that God loves all people and that the whole world belongs to him. It concludes by stating that the Lord is worthy of all praise, worship, and honor.
Samuel Zwemer and the Mission to MuslimsPeter Hammond
Samuel Zwemer (1867-1951) was a Dutch-American missionary who dedicated his life to bringing Christianity to Muslims. He grew up in a missionary family and felt called from a young age to take the gospel to followers of Islam. After facing rejection from missionary boards, he co-founded the American-Arabian Mission. Throughout his career, he traveled extensively in the Middle East, wrote prolifically advocating for missions to Muslims, and trained future missionaries. Though he saw few Muslim converts himself, Zwemer laid important groundwork for later missionary efforts and helped mobilize Christians worldwide to reach Muslims with the gospel.
William Tyndale & The Battle for The BiblePeter Hammond
1) William Tyndale was burned at the stake in 1536 for translating the Bible into English from the original Greek and Hebrew.
2) Two other Protestant bishops, Hugh Latimer and Nicolas Ridley, were burned at the stake in 1555 at Balliol College, Oxford for their Protestant faith, along with Archbishop Thomas Cranmer four months later.
3) Their martyrdom served to inspire further calls for Bible translation into English and the Protestant Reformation in England, though over 450 years later their sacrifices are often forgotten.
1666 and the Occultic Roots of the New World DisorderPeter Hammond
This document summarizes the occult roots and teachings of Sabbatai Zevi, a 17th century Jewish rabbi who declared himself the messiah. Some key points:
1) Zevi taught that salvation comes through sin and redemption is achieved through deception and breaking religious laws. He encouraged sexual immorality and breaking dietary laws.
2) Zevi's teachings, known as Sabbateanism, spread rapidly among Jews but he was rejected by many rabbis. When threatened with death by the Sultan, he converted to Islam.
3) Sabbatean followers believed conversion was part of Zevi's messianic mission and continued secret Sabbatean practices after
George Whitefield - Calvinist, Evangelist and RevivalistPeter Hammond
George Whitefield (1714-1770) was an influential English Anglican priest and leader in the 18th century Protestant evangelical movement known as the Great Awakening. He was renowned as an eloquent preacher who drew immense crowds across Britain and America through his passionate open-air sermons. Whitefield helped spark revivals of Christianity in both countries and established orphanages and schools. Though he had theological differences with John Wesley, the two were ultimately reconciled and helped spread evangelical Christianity. Whitefield preached an extraordinary number of sermons in his lifetime and traveled extensively despite poor health, establishing himself as one of the most important religious figures of his era.
The document discusses the importance and power of prayer in the church and for Christians. It notes that prayer meetings used to be a central part of church life but have declined in many Western churches today. When the author was first converted, their local church had vibrant weekly prayer meetings, men's meetings, and outreach events, but these were suspended due to conflicts with television viewing. The document advocates that prayer, studying the Bible, and evangelism should be core priorities and activities for all Christians and churches. It provides many examples from the Bible of the emphasis on prayer and how prayer strengthened the early church.
Oliver Cromwell the Protector and the English Civil WarPeter Hammond
Oliver Cromwell was a dedicated Puritan and military leader who played a pivotal role in the English Civil War and overthrow of the monarchy. As a member of Parliament, he helped dismantle the King's oppressive powers and supported religious freedom. Cromwell went on to select and train a highly disciplined New Model Army that proved victorious against Royalist forces. However, he opposed Presbyterian attempts to impose religious uniformity, believing in liberty of conscience. This led to further conflict and ultimately the trial and execution of King Charles I in 1649, with Cromwell establishing himself as Lord Protector afterwards.
The document provides an overview of the Book of Acts, describing it as an account of the origin and expansion of the early Christian church. It summarizes that Acts shows Christianity conquering pagan cultures through the power of the Holy Spirit, acting as a missionary manual. Key events and figures in the spread of Christianity are highlighted, obstacles to communicating the gospel cross-culturally are examined, and the church's strategies for successful missionary work are outlined.
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...PECB
Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
Certified as an ISO/IEC 27001: Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) Lead Implementer, Data Protection Officer, and Cyber Risks Analyst, Denis brings a heightened focus on data security, privacy, and cyber resilience to every endeavor.
His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
What sets Denis apart is his comprehensive understanding of Business and Systems Analysis technologies, honed through involvement in all phases of the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC). From meticulous requirements gathering to precise analysis, innovative design, rigorous development, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
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Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptxDenish Jangid
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering
Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
Walmart Business+ and Spark Good for Nonprofits.pdfTechSoup
"Learn about all the ways Walmart supports nonprofit organizations.
You will hear from Liz Willett, the Head of Nonprofits, and hear about what Walmart is doing to help nonprofits, including Walmart Business and Spark Good. Walmart Business+ is a new offer for nonprofits that offers discounts and also streamlines nonprofits order and expense tracking, saving time and money.
The webinar may also give some examples on how nonprofits can best leverage Walmart Business+.
The event will cover the following::
Walmart Business + (https://business.walmart.com/plus) is a new shopping experience for nonprofits, schools, and local business customers that connects an exclusive online shopping experience to stores. Benefits include free delivery and shipping, a 'Spend Analytics” feature, special discounts, deals and tax-exempt shopping.
Special TechSoup offer for a free 180 days membership, and up to $150 in discounts on eligible orders.
Spark Good (walmart.com/sparkgood) is a charitable platform that enables nonprofits to receive donations directly from customers and associates.
Answers about how you can do more with Walmart!"
Philippine Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) CurriculumMJDuyan
(𝐓𝐋𝐄 𝟏𝟎𝟎) (𝐋𝐞𝐬𝐬𝐨𝐧 𝟏)-𝐏𝐫𝐞𝐥𝐢𝐦𝐬
𝐃𝐢𝐬𝐜𝐮𝐬𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐄𝐏𝐏 𝐂𝐮𝐫𝐫𝐢𝐜𝐮𝐥𝐮𝐦 𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐏𝐡𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐩𝐩𝐢𝐧𝐞𝐬:
- Understand the goals and objectives of the Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) curriculum, recognizing its importance in fostering practical life skills and values among students. Students will also be able to identify the key components and subjects covered, such as agriculture, home economics, industrial arts, and information and communication technology.
𝐄𝐱𝐩𝐥𝐚𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐍𝐚𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐞 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐒𝐜𝐨𝐩𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐚𝐧 𝐄𝐧𝐭𝐫𝐞𝐩𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐞𝐮𝐫:
-Define entrepreneurship, distinguishing it from general business activities by emphasizing its focus on innovation, risk-taking, and value creation. Students will describe the characteristics and traits of successful entrepreneurs, including their roles and responsibilities, and discuss the broader economic and social impacts of entrepreneurial activities on both local and global scales.
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A wound is a break in the integrity of the skin or tissues, which may be associated with disruption of the structure and function.
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This is part 1 of my Java Learning Journey. This Contains Custom methods, classes, constructors, packages, multithreading , try- catch block, finally block and more.
3. Christopher Nolan’s war drama Dunkirk, focuses on Operation
Dynamo – The Evacuation of the British Expeditionary Force
(BEF) from France, 26 May to 4 June 1940.
4. With all the promotions of the film as “incredibly accurate”
and “true to the history,” I was cautiously hopeful
and looked forward to seeing the film.
5.
6.
7. Under Fire and Under Water
The cinematography is superb and audiences are presented with
dramatic depictions of what it is like to be under fire
8. and the terror of being trapped in darkness at night,
inside the hold of a sinking ship.
9. The heroism of the civilian “little ships”
– over 700 of which helped in the evacuation
- is very well depicted.
10. A staggering 933 ships took place in the operation, from navy ships to fishing
ships, with only 697 returning to Britain
11. However, there are many serious inaccuracies
and inexplicable omissions.
First of all, this film makes it seem that virtually every single
Royal Navy vessel gets sunk!
Distortions of History
12. The Royal Navy seems helpless and heartless and does not get a
fair credit for the superb evacuation operation they ran.
13.
14. In the 11 days of Operation Dynamo,
the Royal Navy succeeded in evacuating over 338,000 men
of which 215,000 were British and 123,000 were French.
95% of those evacuated were on Naval vessels.
This was the greatest Naval evacuation to that date.
16. The British Expeditionary Force soldiers appear leaderless,
undisciplined, helpless and fearful, abandoning their rifles while
being fired upon and generally not much of an army at all.
The British Army Did Not Collapse
into Chaos
17. I do not believe that their depiction of the BEF soldiers is a fair
reflection on what was admittedly an army in defeat and retreat,
but the lack of leadership and direction by officers on the beaches,
seems more anachronistic.
18. It may be the way that young people today would react in such a
stressful situation. However, the historical record is that there was
tremendous order and steadfastness amongst the soldiers,
patiently waiting in line for boats to evacuate them back to Britain.
20. The most outrageous inaccuracy is the depiction of a Hospital
ship being sunk at Dunkirk! Sinking of Hospital ships is a serious
war crime. (One British Hospital ship struck a British mine just off
Dover, within British waters. It did not sink.)
No Hospital Ship was Sunk
at Dunkirk
21. The impression given in Nolan’s Dunkirk, is that
the British were overwhelmed by a numerically superior enemy,
which was not the case.
Not a David Vs Goliath Operation
22. British troops in Dunkirk. The failed attempt to set up a base saw the Allied
armies abandon huge amounts of equipment
23. Both the British and the
French Armed Forces
outnumbered the German
Forces in terms of numbers
of men, numbers of tanks
and numbers of aircraft.
.
24. The Royal Navy massively outnumbered everyone.
The Royal Navy was the greatest Navy in the world.
25. In September 1939, the Royal Navy included: 17 battleships, 11
aircraft carriers, 76 cruisers, over 200 destroyers, 60 submarines
and 56 corvettes and many more were in building stages and
would have been available by May 1940.
26. Although one sees little evidence of it in the Dunkirk film, for
Operation Dynamo, the Royal Navy official history records that
they utilised: 41 destroyers, 6 corvettes, 1 sloop, 2 gunboats,
36 minesweepers,
Naval Forces Engaged at Dunkirk
27. 52 trawlers, 61 drifters, 3 special service vessels, 2 SB’s, 6 MTB’s,
3 armed boarding vessels, 40 schuyts, 26 yachts, 12 motor boats,
6 block ships, 13 landing craft and 8 dockyard freighters.
28. The Royal Navy was also assisted by the French Navy,
who provided 14 destroyers, 13 minesweepers, 12 cargo ships,
59 trawlers and 21 other vessels.
29. The Belgians provided another 45 vessels and there were an
additional 45 personnel ships (including Ferries), 8 Hospital ships
and 40 Tugs.
30. The talk about the shortage of destroyers because High
Command was keeping them safe – for the next battle
- is nonsense as the Royal Navy held nothing back
in evacuating British forces around the clock and at top speed.
The talk of “no Destroyers for 6 hours” is ahistoric drivel.
No Shortage of Destroyers
31. The talk about tides adversely affecting the evacuation is also
inaccurate. The East Mole breakwater made up of concrete and
woodwork extending a mile into the sea was unaffected by the
tides and soldiers waded into the surf to be loaded onto the
smaller vessels at all times of the day and night.
Tides Were Not an Issue
32. According to the Dunkirk film the soldiers spent most of the time
standing on the beach, waiting for ships
without a single vessel in sight.
Non Stop Evacuation for 7 Days
33. However, the evacuation was a 24-hours-a-day operation.
The mile long East Mole breakwater extended out to sea and
34. was constantly busy with vessels being loaded on both sides,
frequently with soldiers walking across one ship
to reach a double-parked vessel on the other side.
39. While undoubtedly heroic, the impression given is that
most of the soldiers were evacuated by little ships,
when actually only about 5% were.
40. The power of the German Luftwaffe is greatly exaggerated in
Nolan’s film. The Royal Air Force had dominance over the
beaches of Dunkirk as they had far shorter distances to fly from
their air bases than the Luftwaffe had.
The Missing Royal Air Force
41. In the film it seems that all the RAF could spare were 3 Spitfires.
Actually Air Vice Marshall Keith Parks’ Fighter Command Eleven
Group in South East England, were sending over squadrons of 24
Spitfires at a time to provide constant combat air cover for the
Royal Navy evacuation of the British Expeditionary Force from the
beaches of Dunkirk. At no time were just 3 fighters sent out alone.
42. The maximum speed of a Spitfire is 362 miles per hour, yet they
seemed to take an awfully long time to make the 20 miles from
Dover to Dunkirk.
A Long 20 Miles
43. One ran out of fuel (although not ammunition)
and could not make the 20 miles back to Britain!
44. It is no doubt visually more impressive to see Spitfires screaming
at virtual sea level hopping over the waves towards Dunkirk, but
no fighter pilot worth his salt would have approached a combat
zone flying at zero feet.
Fighters Did Not Approach Dunkirk
at Sea Level
45. Fighters need to come in from a height advantage
and that would provide a speed advantage
on the descent to target.
46. Each spitfire was armed with 8 machine guns and each was
loaded with 350 rounds (the origin of “the whole nine yards”
terminology). A Spitfire could fire continuously
for less than 15 seconds per flight.
Inexhaustible Supply of Ammunition
47. Pilots would rarely be able to shoot down more than a single
enemy plane on one mission. However in Dunkirk one pilot shoots
down four enemy aircraft, using up over 70 seconds worth of
ammunition! (This must have been a real special issue Spitfire
with an inexhaustible supply of ammunition, just for the film!)
48. Incredibly the film concludes with a fighter pilot gliding his,
out-of- fuel, Spitfire to land on a beach, using his under-carriage!
Under no circumstances would any pilot attempt to land
on a beach with their under-carriage down.
No Pilot Would Land on a Beach
with His Wheels Down
49. The danger of the wheels sinking into the sand and
tipping/crashing the plane into its nose, would be too severe.
In such a circumstance, a belly-landing on the sand, or sea,
would have been the only real option for the pilot.
50. Encyclopaedia Britannica lists 78 Luftwaffe planes lost over
Dunkirk and 84 Royal Air Force aircraft shot down.
This fairly even record is not reflected in the Dunkirk film, which
makes out that the 3 RAF Spitfires devastated the Luftwaffe.
Facts Ruin a Good Story
51. The Dunkirk film interlinks 3 stories: Land, Sea and Air. The story
of the evacuation of the soldiers, from the East Mole of Dunkirk is
set to take place over one week.
Land, Sea and Air
52. The story of one of the little ships takes place over one day and
53. and the story of the flight of three Spitfires is one hour.
54. Yet, somehow, these all interlink and, in the confusing manner of
modern film editing, we are somehow to believe that the multiple
events of the soldiers on the ground over one week, co-incided
at key times with the same aircraft, which were only over them for
one hour and the little ships that took a day to travel from Britain
and back. The timing doesn’t add up.
Schizophrenic Screen Editing
55. Kenneth Branagh’s character, based on Naval officer, Captain Bill
Tennant, spends the whole time standing on the Mole overseeing
the evacuation, wearing his officers cap.
The Absence of Naval Helmets
56. No Naval officer in an operational area, subject to aerial
bombardment would have been without his helmet.
57. Nor was there any reason why Captain Tennant would be
supervising the evacuation personally, by standing on the Mole,
instead of from the bridge of a Naval vessel with his
telecommunication systems and staff around him.
58. There seemed to be no radio or signaller stationed on the Mole,
making one wonder what possible difference this officer thought
he could be making.
59. The impression given in the film that virtually every
Royal Navy vessel at Dunkirk was sunk by bomb, or torpedo,
is false.
Of the over 900 vessels that took part in the evacuation,
231 were lost.
It is Not That Easy
to Sink a Destroyer
60. 70% of that was due to collision and misadventure in the channel.
Only 37 vessels were sunk because of aerial attack, 7 by torpedo,
9 by mine and 7 by gunfire from the shore.
61. The brilliant skies make for great cinematography, but veterans
who were at Dunkirk described enormous palls of smoke rising
from the harbour area, thick and impenetrable, obscuring visibility
over much of the town.
The Missing Smoke
62. Both German and British fighter pilots reported seeing Dunkirk
from many miles away from the smoke from the oil tanks burning
continuously in the harbour.
63. Operation Dynamo saw Navy, merchant and pleasure ships drafted in to mount
a massive rescue
64. German troops advanced on the western side of the port in May 1940
as the fuel tanks and other buildings were set on fire by the retreating Allies.
65. British Soldiers of the BEF take a final look back at the French coast during the
evacuation of troops from Dunkirk in 1940.
67. Ships off the beaches at Dunkirk, c.3 June 1940.
Smoke still billows from burning oil storage tanks.
68. The Stuka dive bombers were not able to perform as impressively
as depicted in the film.
Stukas approached Dunkirk at 12,000 feet
and released their bombs at closer to 6,000 feet.
Which is why only six of the 41 Royal Navy destroyers at Dunkirk
were sunk.
69. British, French and Belgian soldiers are getting to little ships to leave Dunkirk.
70. Some of the most important aspects of the Dunkirk evacuation
that were left out of the movie include King George VI’s call for an
Empire-wide Day of Prayer and Repentance, to be held on
26 May 1940.
Without a Prayer
71. When the British Expeditionary Force was in defeat and retreat,
the King made an international broadcast, instructing the people
of the British Empire to return to God in Repentance and humbly
seek for Divine intervention to enable them to rescue their army
from total destruction.
72. Many millions of people across the British Isles
and throughout the Empire flocked into churches,
praying in shifts for deliverance.
Churches were so packed that people were lined up for hours
waiting to get into church, to take part
in organised national Repentance.
75. The record reports two events following this extraordinary
Empire-wide call for Prayer. A violent storm arose over Dunkirk,
grounding the Luftwaffe.
Answers to Prayer
76. Secondly a great calm descended on the English Channel,
which fishermen said they had not seen for a generation.
77. Thus, the weather was passing from sunny to cloudy, and this, in just one day.
Then, how could there be so little wind and how could the sea be so calm?
78. This allowed many hundreds of small boats to sail across and
help rescue British soldiers.
79. This led to most participants referring to the “Miracle of Dunkirk.”
83. This spiritual dimension is more
honestly depicted in the 1942 film,
Mrs Miniver
(nominated for 12 Academy awards
and won 6),
Mrs Miniver
84. which concluded with a church service and the congregation
singing “Onward Christian Soldiers”.
85. Also, not mentioned in the film, is why the victorious German Army
stopped on the outskirts of Dunkirk.
Why Did the Panzers Stop?
86.
87. After a brilliant Blitzkrieg campaign of only two weeks, both the
French and British Armies had been routed and flung back by two
German armies, General Von Bock’s Army Group B to the East
and General Gerd Von Rundstedt’s Army Group A to the South.
88. Against the advice of his generals, Adolf Hitler then gave his
famous and controversial “Stop Order,” 24 May 1940.
His point was that the battle was won and the British
“are not our natural enemies.”
The Stop Order
94. Hoping for peace with Britain and future cooperation
in fighting communism in the East,
Adolf Hitler told his High Command that the British have an
Empire to care for and they must allow their forces to withdraw.
137. These piers were used by troops to get out to boats in deep water. Vehicles
were lined up side by side and planks over the top enabled men to walk across
and out to the evacuation points
156. Dunkirk illustrates again the modern tendency to redefine reality
through dramatic and gripping presentations which claim to be
“inspired by true events”, or “based on a true story.”
Redefining Reality and Distorting
History
157. However, the bias against Christianity,
of all too many scriptwriters and film producers,
leads to dangerous distortions of reality in the minds
of those many people for whom Hollywood
is their primary source of knowledge about the past.
158. The censoring out of the spiritual dynamics surrounding Dunkirk,
and the urgent call by King George VI for an Empire-wide Day of
Repentance and Prayer is inexcusable. It is delusional to pretend
that people of that era were as secular as society is today.
Anti-Christian Prejudice
159. A correct understanding of the past
is an indispensable aid in making a better future.
The truth is not only stranger than fiction
– it is more gripping and impressive.
Facts are Stubborn Things
160. “Finally, brethren, whatever things are true, whatever things
are noble, whatever things are just, whatever things are pure,
whatever things are lovely, whatever things are of good
report, if there is any virtue and if there is anything
praiseworthy - meditate on these things.” Philippians 4:8
161.
162.
163.
164.
165.
166.
167.
168. Dunkirk veterans Michael Bentall, 94, (left) and Garth Wright (95) on board the
Little Ship the Princess Freda