The document provides a comprehensive overview of HVAC insulation, discussing thermal insulation, its materials, and technical requirements. It explains the importance of preventing heat loss/gain in buildings through the use of various insulation materials, their classifications, and relevant standards. Additionally, it outlines how to calculate necessary insulation thickness to prevent condensation and optimize energy efficiency in HVAC applications.

1. HVAC Ins. Eg.
HVAC Insulation
Thermal Insulation
• Technical Requirements
• Definitions
• Condensation
• Q/A

2. HVAC Ins. 01
HVAC Insulation
Thermal
Thermal
Insulation

3. HVAC Ins. 02
HVAC Insulation
Thermal Insulation, in principal,
is the resistance to reduce the heat transfer in a
considerable amount.
considerable amount.
• cold lines prevents heat loss
• heating lines prevents heat gains

4. HVAC Ins.
→
In Buildings; in Winter time →
→ Heat Losses
in Summer time →
→ Heat Gains
The Resistance
03
In HVAC; in Heating Lines → Heat Losses
in Cooling lines → Heat Gains
is “Thermal Insulation”

5. HVAC Ins.
Cold Lines
HVAC Lines
Warm Lines Heating Lines
Cold – Warm and Heating Lines
04
Cold Lines
+6 °C
Warm Lines Heating Lines
+100 °C

6. HVAC Ins.
Where?
• Building
• HVAC
• Technical insulation
05
→ Circular Surfaces (Pipes)
→ Rectangular Surfaces (Air ducts)
→ Valves and Accessories
• Technical insulation

7. HVAC Ins.
Thermal Insulation Material
06
What is a Thermal Insulation Material?
According to ISO and EN Standards;
If λ0,065 W/mK Building Material
If λ0,065 W/mK Thermal Insulation Material

8. HVAC Ins.
Glasswool (EN 13162)
Stonewool (EN 13162)
Extruded Polistren (XPS) (EN 13164)
Thermal Insulation Materials
07
Extruded Polistren (XPS) (EN 13164)
Expanded Polistren (EPS) (EN 13163)
Polyurathane (PUR) (EN 13165)
Phenolic Foam (EN 13166)
Cellular Glass (EN 13167)

9. HVAC Ins.
1) Thermal Conductivity Coefficient( λ )
2) Water Vapor Diffusion Resistance Coefficient( µ )
3) Fire Classification (DIN 4102, BS 476, EN 13501)
4) Corrosion Risk
5) Temperature Range(°C)
6) Cell Structure
Technical Requirements
08
6) Cell Structure
7) Acoustic Performance
8) Density (kg/m3)
9) Weathering Resistance
10) Dimensional Stability
11) Easy Application
12) Economics
NOT: Temperature range is not a selection criteria, it defines the usage area.

10. HVAC Ins.
It is the quantatiy of the energy which passes through a m3
of insulating material where there is 1C difference in
tempurature between opposite surfaces.
09
1. Thermal Conductivity (λ
λ
λ
λ)
3
1m
1m
1m
WARM
T1
COLD
T2
λ (W/mK) Heat Transferred
3

11. HVAC Ins. 10
λTM = λ at mean temperature
t + t
Thermal Conductivity (λ
λ
λ
λ)
tm =
tmedium + tambient
2

12. HVAC Ins. 11
Thermal Conductivity Coefficiency (
Mean
Temperature
C
Thermal Conductivty (W/mK)
10 12 16 18 20 24 30 32 36 48 60 64 72
0 0.038 0.036 0.034 0.033 0.032 0.031 0.030 0.030 0.029 0.029 0.030 0.030 0.030
λ)
10 0.040 0.038 0.036 0.035 0.034 0.032 0.032 0.031 0.030 0.030 0.031 0.031 0.031
25 0.044 0.041 0.039 0.038 0.036 0.035 0.034 0.033 0.032 0.031 0.032 0.032 0.032
50 0.055 0.048 0.044 0.043 0.041 0.039 0.037 0.037 0.036 0.035 0.036 0.036 0.036
75 0.064 0.059 0.051 0.048 0.046 0.043 0.041 0.040 0.039 0.037 0.038 0.038 0.038
100 0.074 0.065 0.057 0.053 0.051 0.047 0.045 0.044 0.043 0.041 0.042 0.043 0.043

13. HVAC Ins.
It is the ratio of the resistance
to the water vapour diffusion
of an insulation material to the
resistance of air
12
2.Water Vapour Diffusion Resistance
Coefficient (µ
µ
µ
µ)
resistance of air

14. HVAC Ins. 13
µ = 1 ( no resistance to diffusion )
µ = ∞
∞
∞
∞ ( no diffusion )
Water Vapour Diffusion Resistance
Coefficient (µ
µ
µ
µ)
µ = 10.000 - 100.000
For e.g ; Aluminium ( µ = ∞ )
Diffusion tight materials

15. HVAC Ins. 14
3. Fire Classification
• DIN 4102
• BS 476
• BS 476
• EN 13501

16. Thermal
A Incombustible materials
A1 That does not contain combustible materials
A2 That contains combustible materials
DIN 4102 Standard
15
A2 That contains combustible materials
B Combustible materials
B1 Hardly combustible materials
B2 Normal combustible materials
B3 Easily combustible materials

17. HVAC Ins.
DIN 4102
ClassA
(Incombustible)
ClassB
(Combustible)
16
DIN 4102 Standard
A1 A2 B1 B2 B3
→ PUR
→ EPS
→ Wood
→ Paper
→ Wood
→ Sand
→ Concrete
→ Brick
→ Glasswool
→ Stonewool
→ Glasswool
→ Stonewool
→ XPS
→ PE

18. HVAC Ins.
EN 13501 Standard - GlassWool
17
A1

19. Thermal 18
EN 13501 Standard - FEF
B-s3-d0

20. Thermal
Steel Pipes ;
According to DIN 1988 Part 7 Section 5:3 Limit Values
4. Corrosion Risk
19
Chlor (%0,05)
Copper Pipes ;
Nitrate ve Ammonia (%0,2)

21. HVAC Ins.
Thermal Insulation Material Max.Operating Temperature(°C)
Ceramic wool 1800
Stonewool 750
Cellular Glass 430
5.Temperature Range
20
Glasswool 250
FEF * 170
Melamine Foam 150
Phenolic Foam 120
Polyurathane 110
Polyethylene 105

22. HVAC Ins. 21
µ=1 open cell
µ
µ
µ
µ =3.000
6. Cell Structure
µ
µ
µ
µ =3.000
closed cell
µ
µ
µ
µ =7.000
closed cell

23. HVAC Ins.
8- Density
is the only specification that can be measured in the
site.
9- Mechanical Resistance
The Other Requirements
22
is the compressive strength at % 10 deflection.
10- Dimensional Stability
11- Easy Application
12- Economics

24. HVAC Ins.
Which Thermal Insulation Materials are used
Question-1
23
in
HVAC Applications ?

25. HVAC Ins.
Glasswool (GW)
Stonewool (SW)
Flexible Elastomeric Rubber Foam (NBR)
Thermal Insulation Materials in
HVAC Applications
24
Flexible Elastomeric Rubber Foam (NBR)
Extruded Polyethylene Foam (XPE)
Polyurathane Foam (PUF)
Phenolic Foam (PF)
Cellular Glass (CG)

26. HVAC Ins. 25
Question-2
Which thickness should be used ?
Which thickness should be used ?

27. HVAC Ins. 26.1
OdeCalc Program
For Pipes For Flat Surfaces
→ Heat loss
→ Heat loss
Which thickness should be used ?
→ Temperature drop
→ Surface temperature
→ Freezing time
→ Minumum insulation
thickness preventing
condensation
→ Heat loss
→ Surface temperature
→ Minumum insulation
thickness preventing
condensation

28. HVAC Ins. 26.2
- Minumum insulation thickness preventing
condensation for Pipes -
PARAMETERS
Ambient temperature ( Ta°C) 30
Medium temperature( Tm °C) 6
To Prevent Condensation
m
Tube diameter (mm) 114
Insulation material R-Flex-ST
Relative Humidity (%) 70
RESULTS
Thermal Conductivity (W/mK) 0.0375
Dew point temperature ( Td °C) 23.9
Minimum insulation thickness (mm) 11.4
K-Flex dimension 13 x 114

29. HVAC Ins.
Ambient Temperature ( Ta) : 35°C
Medium Temperature ( Tm) : 6 °C
Pipe Diameter (inch) : 2”
E.g.
26.3
For Energy Saving
Relative Humidity (%) : 60
RESULT
Min.insulation thickness to prevent condensation: 7.8 !
Insulation Thickness 9 mm. 13 mm 25 mm 32 mm
Energy saving due to
thickness
62% 69% 78% 80%

30. HVAC Ins. 27
Question-3
How is possible to prevent condensation ?
How is possible to prevent condensation ?

31. HVAC Ins. 28
Definition of the Condensation
Tm = 6°C
Ts = 24.1°C
φ = % 65
Td = 22.8°C
Ta = 30°C
R-Flex ST
Surface temperature Dew point temperature
No Condensation!
Thickness =9mm
Ts = 24.1°C Td = 22.8°C
Tube
diameter =
25.4 mm
Minimum insulation thickness = 7.6 mm

32. HVAC Ins. 29
Factors Affecting the Dew Point
• Ambient Temperature ( Ta = °C )
• Relative Humidity ( φ = % )
• Medium Temperature (Tm = °C )

33. HVAC Ins. 30
What is Relative Humidity?

34. HVAC Ins. 31
Parameters of Condensation
• Ambient Temperature ( Ta = °C )
• Relative Humidity ( φ = % )
• medium temperature ( Tm = °C )
• medium temperature ( Tm = °C )
• Air flow
• The heat transfer coefficient ( α )
• Thermal Conductivity ( λ )
• Water vapour diffusion resistance coefficient ( µ )

35. HVAC Ins. 32
Parameters of Condensation.1
Factors Affecting the Dew Point
• Ambient temperature ( T = °C )
• Ambient temperature ( Ta = °C )
• Relative Humidity ( φ = % )

36. HVAC Ins. 33
α
α
α
α = Heat Transfer Coefficient of
the Surface
Parameters of Condensation.2
It is being changed according to
the material structure

37. HVAC Ins.
1) If no thermal insulation is applied,
2) If an ınsufficient thermal ınsulation thickness is applied,
Condensation on the Surface !
34
How does condensation happens
3) Sufficient thermal insulation thickness
3.1 Thermal insulation material with a low µ value
Condensation within the Insulation Material !
3.2 Thermal insulation material with a high µ value
No Condensation !

38. HVAC Ins. 35
1- If no thermal insulation is applied
Ts = 6.1°C
Tm = 6°C
φ = % 65
Td = 22.8°C
Ta = 30°C
Tube
Ts = 6.1°C Td = 22.8°C
Condensation on the SURFACE !
Minimum insulation thickness = 7.6 mm
Tube
diameter =
25.4 mm

39. HVAC Ins. 36
18
Isı Yalıtımı Yapılmazsa
2- If an ınsufficient thermal
ınsulation thickness is applied
Ts = 21.3°C
Tm = 6°C
φ = % 65
Td = 22.8°C
Ta = 30°C
R-Flex ST
Thickness =6 mm
Ts = 21.3°C Td = 22.8°C
Condensation on the SURFACE !
Minimum insulation thickness = 7.6 mm
R-Flex ST
Tube
diameter =
25.4 mm

40. HVAC Ins. 37
2.1 If an ınsufficient thermal
ınsulation thickness is applied

41. HVAC Ins.
Isı Yalıtımı Yapılmazsa
38
Ts = 23.6°C
3.1- Sufficient thermal insulation
thickness
Tm = 6°C
φ = % 65
Td = 22.8°C
Ta = 30°C
Tube
Thickness =6 mm
Ts = 23.6°C Td = 22.8°C
Thermal insulation material with a low µ value
Condensation within the Insulation Material !
Minimum insulation thickness = 7.6 mm
Tube
diameter =
25.4 mm

42. HVAC Ins.
Isı Yalıtımı Yapılmazsa
39
Ts = 23.6°C
3.2- Sufficient thermal insulation
thickness
Tm = 6°C
φ = % 65
Td = 22.8°C
Ta = 30°C
R-Flex ST
kalınlık=9 mm
Ts = 23.6°C Td = 22.8°C
Thermal insulation material with a high µ value
No Condensation ! (a diffusion tight application is a must !)
Minimum insulation thickness = 7.6 mm
R-Flex ST
Tube
diameter =
25.4 mm

43. HVAC Ins. 40.1
Precautions against Condensation
To prevent condensation ; We should
1) choose the right thermal insulation material,
1) choose the right thermal insulation material,
2) calculate the right insulation thickness,
3) have a sufficient µ value,
4) apply a diffusion tight application.

44. HVAC Ins.
Precautions against Condensation
To prevent condensation ; We should
1) choose the right thermal insulation material,
40.2
1) choose the right thermal insulation material,
2) calculate the right insulation thickness,
3) have a sufficient µ value,
4) apply a diffusion tight application.

45. HVAC Ins.
Precautions against Condensation
To prevent condensation ; We should
1) choose the right thermal insulation material,
40.3
1) choose the right thermal insulation material,
2) calculate the right insulation thickness,
3) have a sufficient µ value,
4) apply a diffusion tight application.

46. HVAC Ins.
Precautions against Condensation
To prevent condensation ; We should
1) choose the right thermal insulation material,
40.4
1) choose the right thermal insulation material,
2) calculate the right insulation thickness,
3) have a sufficient µ value,
4) apply a diffusion tight application.

47. HVAC Ins.
•Glass Wool
•FEF
Warm Lines Heating Lines
Cold Lines
•Glass Wool
•Polyethylene
•Glass Wool
•Stonewool
Recommendation in
HVAC Applications
41
•FEF •Polyethylene
•FEF
•Stonewool
•FEF
•Cellular Glass
•Ceramic Wool
Cold Lines (Below 6C)
Heating Lines (Above 100C)

48. HVAC Ins.
GLASSWOOL
42

49. HVAC Ins.
Produced with the transformation of silica sand into fiber
by melting in high temperature
43
GLASSWOOL
•
Thermal insulation, acoustic insulation, fire safety purposes

50. HVAC Ins.
GLASSWOOL
Production Plant
44

51. HVAC Ins.
Board,
Blanket,
The Range of Product
45
Prefabricated Pipe

52. HVAC Ins.
The Lamination Types of
Glasswool
46
*YGT1-YGT2 *BGT1-BGT2
yellow glasswool faced black glasswool faced

53. HVAC Ins.
The Lamination Types of
Glasswool
47
* FS *AGC
aluminium foil faced alu glass faced

54. HVAC Ins.
EN 13162
Quality Certificates
48

55. HVAC Ins.
European Certificate
Quality Certificates
49

56. HVAC Ins.
Thermal Conductivity Coefficient: 0,040 W/ mK
Water vapour Diffusion Resistance Coefficient(µ) :1,1
λ
λ
λ
λ (W/mK)
HOT
T1
COLD
T2
1m
Technical Requirements
50
Fire Classification: TS EN 13501-1→ A1
Temperature range: -50°C ― +250°C
Density: 12-100 kg/m3

57. HVAC Ins.
HVAC Insulation with Glasswool
51

58. HVAC Ins.
• one side is covered with alu foil
• Density : 24 kg/m3
52
HVAC Blanket
• Usage area :
• Insulation of ventilation ducts from outside
• Insulation of air conditioning ducts from outside

59. HVAC Ins.
• one side is covered with alu foil
• Density : 50 kg/m3
HVAC Board
53
• Usage area :
• air ducts insulation
• boiler rooms and generator rooms

60. HVAC Ins.
Used as thermal insulator and
reflector behind sources of
heat such as radiators,
54
Radiator Panel
heat such as radiators,
stoves and ovens

61. HVAC Ins.
• none or alu foil covered
• Density : 60-100 kg/m3
Prefabricated Pipe
55
• Usage area :
•Radiator and central heating systems
• Solar energy systems

62. Thermal
FEF- Elastomeric Rubber Foam
56

63. Thermal
FEF- Product Range
57

64. HVAC Ins.
Thermal Conductivity Coefficient: 0,036 W/ mK (0°C)
Water vapour Diffusion Resistance Coefficient: µ ≥ 7000
λ
λ
λ
λ (W/mK)
HOT
T1
COLD
T2
1m
Technical Requirements
58
Fire Classification: EN 13501 ( B-s3-d0)
Temperature range: -200°C ― +116°C
Water Absorption: %0,4

65. HVAC Ins. 59
4.3 Diffusion Tight Applications

66. HVAC Ins. 60
4.4 Diffusion Tight Applications

67. HVAC Ins.
Valves and Accessories
61
Insulation

68. HVAC Ins.
68
No command
62

69. HVAC Ins.
69
No command
63

70. HVAC Ins.
Solution : Valve Jackets
64

71. HVAC Ins.
Applications
65
71

72. HVAC Ins.
Applications
66
72

73. HVAC Ins.
Applications
67

74. HVAC Ins.
Applications
68

75. HVAC Ins.
Thanks For
Your Attention!
Your Attention!
Q A