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BASIC OF ROBOTICS
TECHNOLOGY
P O W E R S U P P LY A N D P R I M A RY E L E M E N T

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What is the first thing that
comes to your mind when
you hear the word robot?

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Humanoid Robot
Industrial Robot Arm

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Real-world Robots
Robotic Vacuum Cleaner
Mars Rover
Medical Surgery Robots
Robotic Arm in a Factories

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Define Robotics Technology
Robotics technology is the field focused on designing,
constructing, operating, and utilizing robots. It encompasses the
creation of intelligent machines that can perform tasks traditionally
done by humans, often in hazardous environments or for
repetitive, mundane jobs. Robotics involves various disciplines
like engineering, computer science, and artificial intelligence to
develop robots with capabilities like sensing, manipulation, and
decision-making.

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Evolution of Robotics and Its
Relation to Automation and AI
The evolution of robotics is
deeply intertwined with the fields
of automation and artificial
intelligence (AI), with each
influencing and accelerating the
development of the others.

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1. Early Automation (Pre-20th Century)
 Early concepts of robotics date back to
ancient civilizations with mechanical
automata—self-operating machines like
water clocks and mechanical birds.
 These devices used basic automation
principles but lacked intelligence or
adaptability.

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2. Industrial Automation (20th Century)
 1950s–60s: The birth of modern robotics began
with the development of industrial robots. The
first programmable robot, Unimate, was
introduced in 1961 to perform repetitive tasks
on General Motors' assembly line.
 This era focused on fixed automation—
machines that could perform specific, pre-
programmed tasks repeatedly, improving
efficiency and reducing human labor in
manufacturing.

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3. Integration with Computing and
Sensing (1970s–90s)
 Robotics advanced with the rise of
computer control systems and sensor
technologies.
 Robots became more capable of
adapting to variable conditions and
performing more complex tasks using
rudimentary programming and
feedback systems.
 Automation extended into logistics,
agriculture, and medicine.

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4. Rise of Artificial Intelligence (2000s–Present)
 The integration of AI transformed robotics from purely mechanical tools
into intelligent systems capable of learning, perception, and decision-
making.
 AI-powered robots now perform tasks like:
 Navigating unpredictable environments (e.g., autonomous vehicles)
 Recognizing speech and images
 Interacting socially with humans (e.g., service robots)

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5. Current and Future Trends
 Robotics is increasingly defined by collaborative robots (cobots),
machine learning, and cloud robotics
 Advances in AI are enabling robots to:
 Learn from experience
 Adapt in real-time
 Operate in unstructured environments
 Robotics is expanding into personal assistance, healthcare, space
exploration, and disaster response.

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Relationship Among Robotics, Automation, and AI
 Automation refers to the use of technology to perform tasks with
minimal human intervention.
 Robotics provides the physical form or machinery for automation.
 AI gives robots the "brain"—enabling them to make decisions,
recognize patterns, and learn.
Together, they form a powerful triad driving innovation across industries—
from manufacturing and transportation to medicine and beyond.

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Five Main Components of a Robot
 Sensors (input devices)
 Actuators/Motors (movement/output)
 Controller (brain/microcontroller)
 Power Supply (batteries/electricity)
 Chassis/Structure (physical form)

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Sensors
-are input devices that allow a robot to perceive its
environment and respond accordingly. They detect
physical quantities (like light, temperature, distance,
pressure, or motion) and convert them into signals the
robot's control system can understand.

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Examples of Common Sensors in Robotics:
Sensor Type What It Detects Example Use
1. Ultrasonic
Distance to objects (using sound
waves)
Avoiding obstacles
2. Infrared (IR)
Object detection, proximity, line
following
Line-following robots
3. Light (LDR) Ambient light levels Adjusting brightness
4. Touch/Pressure Physical contact or force Robot arm grip sensing
5. Temperature Heat levels Monitoring motor heat
6. Gyroscope Orientation and rotation Balancing robots
7. Accelerometer Movement and tilt Smartphone robots or drones

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Why Are Sensors Important in Robotics?
 Help robots understand their surroundings
 Enable automation and decision-making
 Increase accuracy and efficiency
 Ensure safety and reliability in tasks

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Why Are Sensors Important in Robotics?
 Help robots understand their surroundings
 Enable automation and decision-making
 Increase accuracy and efficiency
 Ensure safety and reliability in tasks

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Thank You 2