Addiction is a disease that affects your brain and behavior. When you’re addicted to drugs, you can’t resist the urge to use them, no matter how much harm the drugs may cause. The earlier you get treatment for drug addiction (also called substance use disorder) the more likely you are to avoid some of the more dire consequences of the disease.
Drug addiction isn’t about just heroin, cocaine, or other illegal drugs. You can get addicted to alcohol, nicotine, sleep and anti-anxiety medications, and other legal substances.
You can also get addicted to prescription or illegally obtained narcotic pain medications, or opioids. This problem is at epidemic levels in the United States. In 2018, opioids played a role in two-thirds of all drug overdose deaths.
At first, you may choose to take a drug because you like the way it makes you feel. You may think you can control how much and how often you use it. But over time, drugs change how your brain works. These physical changes can last a long time. They make you lose control and can lead to damaging behaviors.
ISPCAN Jamaica 2018 - Personality-targeted Interventions for Building Resilie...Christine Wekerle
Personality-targeted Interventions for Building Resilience against Substance Use and Mental Health Problems among Adolescents Involved in Child Welfare System
Hanie Edalati, Patricia Conrod
ISPCAN Jamaica 2018 - Personality-targeted Interventions for Building Resilie...Christine Wekerle
Personality-targeted Interventions for Building Resilience against Substance Use and Mental Health Problems among Adolescents Involved in Child Welfare System
Hanie Edalati, Patricia Conrod
Relationship of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder with Substance AbuseHafiz Saad Salman
The attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common neuropsychiatric disorders affecting 3% to 6% of children1 and almost 5% of adults2. Across population, Prevalence rates vary from 2.2% to 16.1% in clinical versus community cohorts. Its frequency has been reported as high as 34% ADHD in clinical setting in Pakistan3. There was a myth for many years that the disorder remits during adolescence, but it is now well established that it can be experienced by a patient in adulthood as well. There is a bidirectional overlap between ADHD and drug abuse and dependence4 and affect 27% of adult population5. The co-occurrence of ADHD and addiction is very common. Previous studies have shown that adults with ADHD are a risk for substance use disorder (SUD) and almost 52% of adult had a lifetime history of SUD2, 3. The co-morbidity between ADHD and SU shows relativity and relevant to research and clinical development in psychiatry, pediatrics and psychology5. The diagnosing and specific risk factor associated with SU within ADHD may lead to a better targeted pharmacotherapy and psychotherapeutic treatments for both the disorders upon expression at early stage of their lives7, 8. Higher rates of ADHD have been reported in patients having SUD relative to controls9, 10. 15% to 25% adults with SUD history have been estimated to have ADHD9. Studies have conducted in juvenile adolescents for assessing ADHD and other disorders in substance abusing groups had overrepresentation of ADHD10, 11. ADHD predominates from 15% to 25% in individuals with SUD12, 13. Two studies showed that the 24% of 201 inpatients14 and 10% cocaine abusers for drug detoxification treatment had ADHD15. The treatment of ADHD is usually done with stimulants like methylphenidate, amphetamine etc., with the behavioral therapy of the patient and family counseling.
This presentation outlines the process for dealing with adverse preclinical / nonclinical events in order to 1) optimize the chances of successful drug development, or 2) to create a scientific basis for early termination of drug development. Conclusion: There is no single answer for all problems.
Drugs are ‘used’ if they are to cure illness, prevent diseases or improve health status, and are ‘abused’ if self-administered for non-medical reasons, in frequency and amount that may alter the general body homeostasis of an individual.
Nepal is vulnerable in context of drug addiction and its effects. Adolescents and young people are generally are abusing drugs.
Co-occurring Disorders: The Rule, Not The Exception : Constant MoutoniCAADEvents
A focused introduction to the importance of underpinning that a comprehensive understanding of a person’s behavioural, mental and emotional health issues, requires an understanding of the person, their environment and needs.
Intervento di Peter Sturmey - The Graduate Center and Queens College, City University of New York - "Il trattamento dei disturbi del comportamento e autolesionismo nelle persone con spettro autistico" al preconvegno del "5 Convegno Autismi" organizzato dal Centro Studi Erickson il 14 e 15 ottobre a Rimini.
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
Relationship of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder with Substance AbuseHafiz Saad Salman
The attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common neuropsychiatric disorders affecting 3% to 6% of children1 and almost 5% of adults2. Across population, Prevalence rates vary from 2.2% to 16.1% in clinical versus community cohorts. Its frequency has been reported as high as 34% ADHD in clinical setting in Pakistan3. There was a myth for many years that the disorder remits during adolescence, but it is now well established that it can be experienced by a patient in adulthood as well. There is a bidirectional overlap between ADHD and drug abuse and dependence4 and affect 27% of adult population5. The co-occurrence of ADHD and addiction is very common. Previous studies have shown that adults with ADHD are a risk for substance use disorder (SUD) and almost 52% of adult had a lifetime history of SUD2, 3. The co-morbidity between ADHD and SU shows relativity and relevant to research and clinical development in psychiatry, pediatrics and psychology5. The diagnosing and specific risk factor associated with SU within ADHD may lead to a better targeted pharmacotherapy and psychotherapeutic treatments for both the disorders upon expression at early stage of their lives7, 8. Higher rates of ADHD have been reported in patients having SUD relative to controls9, 10. 15% to 25% adults with SUD history have been estimated to have ADHD9. Studies have conducted in juvenile adolescents for assessing ADHD and other disorders in substance abusing groups had overrepresentation of ADHD10, 11. ADHD predominates from 15% to 25% in individuals with SUD12, 13. Two studies showed that the 24% of 201 inpatients14 and 10% cocaine abusers for drug detoxification treatment had ADHD15. The treatment of ADHD is usually done with stimulants like methylphenidate, amphetamine etc., with the behavioral therapy of the patient and family counseling.
This presentation outlines the process for dealing with adverse preclinical / nonclinical events in order to 1) optimize the chances of successful drug development, or 2) to create a scientific basis for early termination of drug development. Conclusion: There is no single answer for all problems.
Drugs are ‘used’ if they are to cure illness, prevent diseases or improve health status, and are ‘abused’ if self-administered for non-medical reasons, in frequency and amount that may alter the general body homeostasis of an individual.
Nepal is vulnerable in context of drug addiction and its effects. Adolescents and young people are generally are abusing drugs.
Co-occurring Disorders: The Rule, Not The Exception : Constant MoutoniCAADEvents
A focused introduction to the importance of underpinning that a comprehensive understanding of a person’s behavioural, mental and emotional health issues, requires an understanding of the person, their environment and needs.
Intervento di Peter Sturmey - The Graduate Center and Queens College, City University of New York - "Il trattamento dei disturbi del comportamento e autolesionismo nelle persone con spettro autistico" al preconvegno del "5 Convegno Autismi" organizzato dal Centro Studi Erickson il 14 e 15 ottobre a Rimini.
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
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The "New Drug Discovery and Development" process involves the identification, design, testing, and manufacturing of novel pharmaceutical compounds with the aim of introducing new and improved treatments for various medical conditions. This comprehensive endeavor encompasses various stages, including target identification, preclinical studies, clinical trials, regulatory approval, and post-market surveillance. It involves multidisciplinary collaboration among scientists, researchers, clinicians, regulatory experts, and pharmaceutical companies to bring innovative therapies to market and address unmet medical needs.
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
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Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
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NVBDCP.pptx Nation vector borne disease control programSapna Thakur
NVBDCP was launched in 2003-2004 . Vector-Borne Disease: Disease that results from an infection transmitted to humans and other animals by blood-feeding arthropods, such as mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas. Examples of vector-borne diseases include Dengue fever, West Nile Virus, Lyme disease, and malaria.
1. HIV/AIDS Research
Treatment Interventions
(New Targets & New Strategies)
Prevention Research (Children & Adolescents)
genetics
environment
development
co-morbidity
Priority Areas for NIDA
2. 1
10
100
Child Teen Young Adult Adult
1.5%
67%
5.5%
<12 12-17 18-25 >25
Addiction is a Developmental Disease:
It Starts Early
26%
7. Rats Exposed to Nicotine in Adolescence
Self-Administer More Nicotine Than
Rats First Exposed as Adults
Sources: Collins et al, 2004, Levin et al, 2003, NIDA Notes
v19.2
8. Do We Need Fundamentally
Different Strategies At
Different Stages of Adolescence?
9. Why do some people
become addicted while
others do not?
Vulnerability
10. We Know There’s A
Big Genetic Contribution To
Drug Abuse and Addiction…
And the Nature of this Contribution
Is Extremely Complex
11. high
low
High DA
receptor
w DA receptor
DA Receptors and the Response to
Methylphenidate (MP)
As a group, subjects with low receptor levels found MP pleasant
while those with high levels found MP unpleasant
Adapted from Volkow et al., Am. J. Psychiatry, 1999.
Dopamine
receptor
level
12. Becomes Subordinate
Stress remains
Individually
Housed
Group
Housed
Morgan, D. et al. Nature Neuroscience, 5: 169-174, 2002.
Effects of a Social Stressor on Brain DA D2
Receptors and Propensity to Administer Drugs
*
*
S.003 .01 .03 .1
0
10
20
30
40
50
Cocaine (mg/kg/injection)
Dominant
Subordinate
Becomes Dominant
No longer stressed
13. What Other Environmental
Factors Contribute to Addiction?
Co-morbid mental illness
Early physical or sexual abuse
Witnessing violence
Stress
Peers who use drugs
Drug availability
14. COMORBIDITY
Drug Users have a Higher Risk of
Developing Mental Disorders
•Psychosis
•Depression
•Anxiety
•Panic attacks
Example: SMOKING EPIDEMIOLOGY
normal population: 23%
alcoholism: 90%+
other addictions: 90%+
schizophrenia: 85%
depression: 80%
15. Why do Mental Illnesses and Substance
Abuse Co-occur?
• Self-medication hypothesis
– substance abuse begins as a means
to alleviate symptoms of mental
illness
• Causal effects of substance
abuse
– Substance abuse may increase
vulnerability to mental illness
• Common or correlated causes
– the life processes and risk factors
that give rise to mental illness and
substance abuse may be related or
overlap
17. 0
10
20
30
40
50
60
'75 '77 '79 '81 '83 '85 '87 '89 '91 '93 '95 '97 '99 '01 '03
Past Year Use of Marijuana
Perceived Risk of Occasional Marijuana Use
Source: Monitoring the Future Study, 2003.
Changes in Attitudes Lead to
Changes in Use
18. HIV/AIDS Research
Prevention Research (Children & Adolescents)
genetics
environment
development
co-morbidity
Treatment Interventions
(New Targets & New Strategies)
Priority Areas for NIDA
19. Source: Adapted from Volkow et al., Neuropharmacology, 2004.
Drive
Saliency
Memory
Control
Non-Addicted Brain
NO
GO
Addicted Brain
Drive
Memory
Control
GO
Saliency
Why Can’t Addicts Just Quit?
Because Addiction Changes Brain Circuits
20. This is why treatment is essential
This is why addicts can’t just quit
21. Treating a Biobehavioral Disorder Must Go
Beyond Just Fixing the Chemistry
Pharmacological
(medications)
We Need to Treat the
Whole Person!
In Social Context
Behavioral Therapies
Medical and Social Services
24. Opiate agonists stabilize brain
function in heroin addicts
CB1 KO mice have decreased
responses to multiple drugs of
abuse
Smokers who are poor nicotine
metabolizers smoke less
Stress triggers relapse in animal
models of addiction and CRF
antagonists interfere with the
response to stress
CB1 Antagonists
Inhibitors of
metabolizing
enzymes
CRF Antagonists
Medication
Basic Research
Agonist Therapy
Methadone
Buprenorphine
25. But, drug addiction is a chronic
illness with relapse rates similar to
those of hypertension, diabetes,
and asthma
McLellan et al., JAMA, 2000.
26. Relapse Rates Are Similar for Drug
Addiction & Other Chronic Illnesses
Drug
Addiction
Type I
Diabetes
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Hypertension Asthma
40
to
60%
30
to
50%
50
to
70%
50
to
70%
Percent
of
Patients
Who
Relapse
McLellan et al., JAMA, 2000.
27. Addiction is Similar to Other
Chronic Illnesses Because:
• Recovery from it--protracted abstinence and restored functioning--
is often a long-term process requiring repeated treatments
• Relapses to drug abuse can occur during or after successful
treatment episodes
• Participation in self-help support programs during and following
treatment can be helpful in sustaining long-term recovery
Therefore…
29. DAT Recovery
with prolonged
abstinence from
methamphetamine
[C-11]d-threo-methylphenidate
Volkow et al., J. Neuroscience, 2001.
low
high
Normal Control
Methamphetamine Abuser
(1 month detoxification)
Methamphetamine Abuser
(24 month abstinent)
30. Treatment Reduces Drug Use and Recidivism
Delaware Work Release Therapeutic Community (CREST) + Aftercare
3 Years After Release (N=448)
p < 0.05,
compared to No Treatment group
Percentage
of
Participants
Drug-Free Arrest-Free
31. We Need to Keep Our Eye on
the Real Target
In Treating Addiction…
32. Treatment Interventions
(New Targets & New Strategies)
Prevention Research (Children & Adolescents)
genetics
environment
development
co-morbidity
Priority Areas for NIDA
HIV/AIDS Research
33. Drug Use Has Played a Prominent
Role in the HIV/AIDS Epidemic
In Several Ways
Disease Transmission
• IV Drug Use
• Drug User Disinhibition Leading to
High Risk Sexual Behaviors
Progression of Disease
34. Seronegative HIV HIV + Drug
Acceleration of HIV Degeneration of
Dopamine Cells With Cocaine
35. Proportions of AIDS Cases in Adults &
Adolescents by Exposure in the USA
Source: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
Men who have sex with men (MSM)
Injection drug use
Heterosexual contact
MSM who inject drugs
Year of Diagnosis
%
of
Cases
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003
Drugs of Abuse Have Had A Major Impact
on the HIV/AIDS Epidemic
37. Why focus on drug abuse
internationally?
I. Drug abuse is a global
phenomenon
5 percent of people aged 15-64
II. Intertwined dual-epidemics of
drug addiction & HIV/AIDS
HIV Infections Attributed to
Injection Drug Use and Risky
Sexual Behaviors Related to
Drug Abuse
Millions of Users
160.9
26.2
13.7
15.9
7.9 Cannabis
Amphetamines
Ecstasy
Cocaine
Opiates
UNODC 2005 World Drug Report
III. Take advantage of unique opportunities to advance scientific
knowledge through research
38. NIDA Supports International Drug
Abuse Research In Numerous Ways
Fund international research
Provide training and exchange opportunities
Set international research priorities
Organize & sponsor conferences and meetings
Binational agreements
Dissemination of information
39. Where Do We Need
to Go From Here?
We Need to…
Advance the SCIENCE
Erase the STIGMA
and to…
Erase the STIGMA
and to…
40. For More Information
NIDA Public Information:
www.nida.nih.gov
www.drugabuse.gov
NIDA International Program:
www.international.drugabuse.gov
www.drugabuse.gov