This document provides guidelines for medical professionals on managing medicolegal cases. It discusses the duties of doctors towards patients and the state in such cases. Key points include registering medico-legal cases as early as possible, treating patient care as the top priority, properly documenting examination findings and sample collection, and being aware of relevant legal provisions around providing medical evidence.
This document discusses legal aspects of medical records, including:
1) What constitutes a medico-legal case and examples that would qualify.
2) Guidelines for preserving medico-legal evidence and documents until a case is resolved in court.
3) What a subpoena is and how it is issued, served, and required to be responded to in order to avoid contempt of court charges.
The document discusses medico-legal case management and procedures for doctors. It outlines what constitutes a medico-legal case and the legal requirements for doctors to register and report such cases. Key points include identifying medico-legal cases, obtaining consent for examination, properly examining and documenting injuries, collecting evidence and samples, and treating patients while fulfilling legal obligations.
This document discusses the various medico-legal duties and responsibilities of doctors. It covers obtaining consent, duties in cases of suspected poisoning, criminal abortion, negligence, and postmortem examinations. It also discusses legal issues around medical practice, including civil tort law and medical council regulations. The document provides guidance on protocols for police cases, rape examinations, and forms for medical examinations of victims and accused persons.
Medico Legal Responsibilities of Doctors
Registered medical practitioner (RMP) i.e. Emergency Medical Officer (EMO)/ Assistant Emergency Medical Officer (Asst. EMO) at Emergency should decide whether the case is to be registered as MLC or not.
Consent of family members NOT required for registration of a case as MLC.
Opinion Should be Crisp and to the Point. Articles Preserved and Should be Enumerated.Prepare Three Copies of The Document, One Copy is Kept at Emergency Room, other as Hospital Record.Original is Given to The Police.
If a MLC, recorded elsewhere (in other hospital) is referred, it should be treated as MLC but NO NEW MLC number should be issued. Treatment should continue in old MLC number. Neither a new MLR should be prepared nor is it needed to inform the police.
If a case is brought several days after the incident, it should be reported and findings to be noted regarding the present condition of the patient.
MLC can be written and signed by (EMO)/Asst. EMO /Faculty. Wherever possible, Faculty member should sign along with SR/JR if the report is prepared by them.
This document discusses various laws related to medical negligence in India. It outlines the key principles from acts like the Contract Act 1872, Law of Torts, Consumer Protection Act 1986, and the Indian Penal Code 1860 as they relate to medical negligence cases. It also summarizes several important court cases that have helped define the duty of care expected from doctors and analyzed defenses against allegations of negligence.
This document provides information and guidance for doctors on medico-legal cases (MLCs). It discusses what constitutes an MLC, the doctor's responsibilities in managing MLCs, examples of types of cases that would be considered MLCs, procedures for receiving and documenting MLCs, important details to include, and procedures for sample collection and preservation. The document emphasizes that doctors must treat patients first and register cases as MLCs according to the law to avoid legal issues.
Better SAFE than Be Sorry Medico Legal , DR SHARDA JAIN, DR ARVIND NARAYAN...Lifecare Centre
Doctors in the dock Worried Souls
JAAGO DOCTORS JAAGO
Expectation of the public from doctors have risen sharply (and one might add, to unrealistic levels) in this age of hi-tech medicine & Google doctor
This document discusses legal aspects of medical records, including:
1) What constitutes a medico-legal case and examples that would qualify.
2) Guidelines for preserving medico-legal evidence and documents until a case is resolved in court.
3) What a subpoena is and how it is issued, served, and required to be responded to in order to avoid contempt of court charges.
The document discusses medico-legal case management and procedures for doctors. It outlines what constitutes a medico-legal case and the legal requirements for doctors to register and report such cases. Key points include identifying medico-legal cases, obtaining consent for examination, properly examining and documenting injuries, collecting evidence and samples, and treating patients while fulfilling legal obligations.
This document discusses the various medico-legal duties and responsibilities of doctors. It covers obtaining consent, duties in cases of suspected poisoning, criminal abortion, negligence, and postmortem examinations. It also discusses legal issues around medical practice, including civil tort law and medical council regulations. The document provides guidance on protocols for police cases, rape examinations, and forms for medical examinations of victims and accused persons.
Medico Legal Responsibilities of Doctors
Registered medical practitioner (RMP) i.e. Emergency Medical Officer (EMO)/ Assistant Emergency Medical Officer (Asst. EMO) at Emergency should decide whether the case is to be registered as MLC or not.
Consent of family members NOT required for registration of a case as MLC.
Opinion Should be Crisp and to the Point. Articles Preserved and Should be Enumerated.Prepare Three Copies of The Document, One Copy is Kept at Emergency Room, other as Hospital Record.Original is Given to The Police.
If a MLC, recorded elsewhere (in other hospital) is referred, it should be treated as MLC but NO NEW MLC number should be issued. Treatment should continue in old MLC number. Neither a new MLR should be prepared nor is it needed to inform the police.
If a case is brought several days after the incident, it should be reported and findings to be noted regarding the present condition of the patient.
MLC can be written and signed by (EMO)/Asst. EMO /Faculty. Wherever possible, Faculty member should sign along with SR/JR if the report is prepared by them.
This document discusses various laws related to medical negligence in India. It outlines the key principles from acts like the Contract Act 1872, Law of Torts, Consumer Protection Act 1986, and the Indian Penal Code 1860 as they relate to medical negligence cases. It also summarizes several important court cases that have helped define the duty of care expected from doctors and analyzed defenses against allegations of negligence.
This document provides information and guidance for doctors on medico-legal cases (MLCs). It discusses what constitutes an MLC, the doctor's responsibilities in managing MLCs, examples of types of cases that would be considered MLCs, procedures for receiving and documenting MLCs, important details to include, and procedures for sample collection and preservation. The document emphasizes that doctors must treat patients first and register cases as MLCs according to the law to avoid legal issues.
Better SAFE than Be Sorry Medico Legal , DR SHARDA JAIN, DR ARVIND NARAYAN...Lifecare Centre
Doctors in the dock Worried Souls
JAAGO DOCTORS JAAGO
Expectation of the public from doctors have risen sharply (and one might add, to unrealistic levels) in this age of hi-tech medicine & Google doctor
This document discusses various doctrines of doctor liability and professional negligence under Indian law. It also discusses provisions of the Indian Penal Code relating to the medical profession.
Some key points discussed include:
- Doctrines of doctor liability such as loss of chance, apparent authority, corporate negligence, and informed consent.
- What constitutes negligence and the tests used to determine medical negligence in India.
- Duties of hospitals and doctors.
- Relevant sections of the Indian Penal Code dealing with medical professionals, including sections around causing hurt or death through negligence.
- Case laws from India and other countries that set precedents around medical negligence.
The Medical Council of India (MCI) and State Medical Councils (SMCs) regulate the medical profession in India. MCI maintains the national medical register and oversees medical education standards. It recognizes foreign medical qualifications and hears appeals of disciplinary actions. SMCs maintain state-level registers and have disciplinary control over registered medical practitioners. They issue warning notices about infamous conduct and can temporarily or permanently erase practitioners from their registers. Both councils work to uphold ethical standards in the medical profession through registration, inspections, hearings, and disciplinary processes.
The document discusses the benefits of meditation for reducing stress and anxiety. Regular meditation practice can help calm the mind and body by lowering heart rate and blood pressure. Making meditation a part of a daily routine, even if just 10-15 minutes per day, can offer improvements to mood, focus, and overall well-being over time.
Cases wherever attending doctor after taking history and clinical examination of the patient thinks that some investigation by law enforcing agencies are essential so as to fix the responsibility regarding the case in accordance with the law of land.
consent
Indian Contract Act 1872 defines when two or more persons agree upon the same thing and at the same time in the same sense provided the consent has been taken prior to coercion, not under the influence of fraud or misinterpretation and mistake
HANDLING MOB VIOLENCE AGAINST DOCTORS AND THEIR MEDICAL ESTABLISHMENTLifecare Centre
HANDLING MOB VIOLENCE AGAINST DOCTORS AND THEIR MEDICAL ESTABLISHMENT
DR. SHARDA JAIN
Dr. Arvind Narayan
Dr. Gaurav Agarwal
Dr Jyoti Bhasker
Dr Yogesh Agarwala
VOILENCE AGAINST DOCTORS
As the society evolves and the population becomes more and more literate it is expected that vandalism against doctors would decline.
A brief presentation on the Medicolegal aspects of healthcare initially intended for the students - Post Graduate Diploma in Hosp. Management (Medvarsity)
The document provides guidelines for medical officers in the Armed Forces on handling medicolegal cases. Some key points include:
- Medicolegal cases include injuries, deaths, and other cases requiring investigation to determine responsibility. Proper documentation is important to avoid legal issues.
- Common types of medicolegal cases include assaults, accidents, suspicious trauma, poisonings, deaths, and sexual offenses.
- In emergencies, patient stabilization takes priority over formalities. All patients receive initial care. Suspicious injury cases in military personnel must be reported.
- Proper documentation, evidence collection and storage, informing authorities, and other procedures are outlined to ensure legal compliance and aid any investigations.
This document discusses medicolegal cases and reporting procedures for doctors. It defines a medicolegal case as one involving injury or illness requiring legal investigation. It outlines doctors' legal responsibilities to properly document and report such cases. Proper procedures are described for receiving cases, registering them, preparing records including findings and opinions, collecting samples, and storing documentation long-term. Fear of legal entanglements can cause doctors to avoid these cases, so understanding proper procedures is important.
This document outlines various types of professional misconduct for medical practitioners, including abuse of privileges like issuing false medical certificates; abuse of relationships such as indecent assault of patients; abuse of financial opportunities like fee splitting; disregard of responsibilities to patients; conduct discreditable to the medical profession; and personal tendencies dangerous to patients like alcoholism. It provides examples for each type of misconduct.
Examination of “The RAPE VICTIM” To be presented AOGD annual Conference o...Lifecare Centre
The document discusses guidelines for examining rape victims. It emphasizes that the examination should be conducted by a female doctor in a private setting to collect forensic evidence and provide medical care. Proper protocols must be followed to carefully document any injuries and preserve clothing, samples, and other evidence without washing or changing the victim's clothes beforehand. The goals are to assess and treat medical issues, prevent pregnancy and STDs, and collect information for legal proceedings, while showing compassion and supporting the psychological needs of the survivor.
This document defines a medical certificate as an official document confirming a person's health written at the request of administrative, judicial, or the individual. It outlines the proper purposes of medical certificates including medical leave, employment fitness, insurance, and legal documentation of death or mental state. The document provides guidelines for properly completing a medical certificate, including legibility, use of forms, minimizing medical terms, and including key identifying information. It also notes that medical professionals should not self-certify and discusses types of traumatic medical reports and steps to take if a mistake is made on a certificate.
This document provides guidance for performing a foetal autopsy. It outlines the key steps including an external examination noting measurements and abnormalities, and an internal examination where organs are examined in situ before being removed. Each organ is then dissected according to anatomical relationships to examine for abnormalities while preserving educational value. Sections are taken of each organ for histological examination according to standard procedures tailored for foetuses. The aim is to determine cause of death, detect congenital anomalies, and perform genetic testing to inform counselling.
In this presentation it has been tried to give a glimpse of different type of consent, how it should be taken, how the patient to be explained, when consent is must and conditions where consent is not required, so as to guide you in your every day practice.
This document discusses guidelines for labeling cases as medicolegal (MLC) and completing medicolegal documentation. Some key points:
- Doctors can label a case as an MLC if investigations are warranted to determine circumstances and fix responsibility for an injury or illness. Consent is not required.
- All injuries must be thoroughly documented, including size, shape, location and age. Photographs can also be taken.
- If a suspected weapon is produced, it must be thoroughly examined and the doctor can opine on whether injuries match the weapon. The doctor's signature is placed on the weapon for future identification.
- Police must be informed about all MLC cases. Private practitioners can make M
1. The document outlines the code of medical ethics and regulations for physicians in India, covering their duties to patients, other physicians, and the public.
2. Physicians must maintain patients' confidentiality, act with integrity, provide competent care, and avoid conflicts of interest regarding payment for services.
3. When consulting or referring patients, physicians must communicate appropriately and avoid criticizing or interfering with the care provided by other doctors.
The document summarizes key aspects of medical jurisprudence in India. It discusses that the medical profession is governed by ethics and etiquette. It outlines the composition and functions of the Indian Medical Council and State Medical Councils, including maintaining medical registers and taking disciplinary action. It describes unethical acts and the process for issuing warning notices or erasing names from registers. It also covers professional secrecy and privileged communication, as well as the rights, duties and code of conduct for registered medical practitioners in India.
Investgation of rape and sexual assaultbegraj SIWAL
This document discusses sexual assault, including myths and realities. The key points are:
1) Most perpetrators of sexual assault are known to the victim, often family members, and it commonly occurs within families.
2) Victims experience significant physical, mental, and psychological consequences as a result of assault.
3) Common myths about sexual assault are often untrue, such as the idea that only strangers commit assaults or that victims will always report immediately.
4) Sensitive and supportive interview techniques are important for victims, avoiding re-traumatization and allowing them to share details in their own words.
Dying declaration is an exception to the rule against hearsay evidence. It refers to statements made by a dying person about the cause of their death. It is considered reliable because the maxim is that a person would not lie as they are dying and facing their maker. For a dying declaration to be admissible, it must relate to the cause of death, be made by a competent person, and not be inconsistent, doubtful, influenced, or untrue. Dying declarations can be written, verbal, through gestures, or nods and are given evidentiary value in court.
The Bombay Nursing Home Registration Act, 1949 provides for the registration and inspection of nursing homes in the state of Maharashtra. Some key points:
1) The act requires all nursing homes to register with the local supervising authority and renew their registration every 3 years. It outlines the application process and fees.
2) Refusal or cancellation of registration may occur if the nursing home does not meet management or compliance requirements.
3) The act establishes penalties for non-registration such as fines or imprisonment. It also mandates reporting of deaths and maintenance of patient records.
4) The act protects patient rights such as privacy, consent, autonomy in decisions, and confidentiality of health information. Nursing homes
Forensic medicine medical negligence 2-bolam principleMBBS IMS MSU
This document discusses medical negligence and the Bolam principle for determining negligence in medical malpractice cases. It provides background on several key cases that helped establish the standard of care. The Bolam principle determines negligence based on whether a doctor's actions fell below the standard of a responsible body of medical professionals. However, it has been criticized for being too protective of doctors. Even if a doctor's actions cause harm, they may not be found negligent under Bolam if other doctors may have acted the same way. The document examines challenges in assessing causation and damages in medical negligence cases.
This document discusses the duties and procedures of medical practitioners regarding medico-legal cases (MLCs). It notes that MLCs must be properly documented and samples collected according to procedure. Treatment of the patient is the top priority. All MLC details and samples are kept confidential except what is provided to investigating officers. Failure to follow MLC protocols could result in legal penalties for the medical practitioner.
This document discusses the role and responsibilities of maxillofacial surgeons as expert witnesses in medico-legal cases. It covers topics such as duties of registered medical practitioners, registration and documentation of medico-legal cases, preparation of medico-legal reports, maintenance of records, admission and discharge procedures, and legal provisions related to medico-legal work. The document emphasizes the importance of thorough documentation, accurate injury descriptions, sample collection and preservation, and timely reporting to the police for maxillofacial surgeons dealing with medico-legal cases.
This document discusses various doctrines of doctor liability and professional negligence under Indian law. It also discusses provisions of the Indian Penal Code relating to the medical profession.
Some key points discussed include:
- Doctrines of doctor liability such as loss of chance, apparent authority, corporate negligence, and informed consent.
- What constitutes negligence and the tests used to determine medical negligence in India.
- Duties of hospitals and doctors.
- Relevant sections of the Indian Penal Code dealing with medical professionals, including sections around causing hurt or death through negligence.
- Case laws from India and other countries that set precedents around medical negligence.
The Medical Council of India (MCI) and State Medical Councils (SMCs) regulate the medical profession in India. MCI maintains the national medical register and oversees medical education standards. It recognizes foreign medical qualifications and hears appeals of disciplinary actions. SMCs maintain state-level registers and have disciplinary control over registered medical practitioners. They issue warning notices about infamous conduct and can temporarily or permanently erase practitioners from their registers. Both councils work to uphold ethical standards in the medical profession through registration, inspections, hearings, and disciplinary processes.
The document discusses the benefits of meditation for reducing stress and anxiety. Regular meditation practice can help calm the mind and body by lowering heart rate and blood pressure. Making meditation a part of a daily routine, even if just 10-15 minutes per day, can offer improvements to mood, focus, and overall well-being over time.
Cases wherever attending doctor after taking history and clinical examination of the patient thinks that some investigation by law enforcing agencies are essential so as to fix the responsibility regarding the case in accordance with the law of land.
consent
Indian Contract Act 1872 defines when two or more persons agree upon the same thing and at the same time in the same sense provided the consent has been taken prior to coercion, not under the influence of fraud or misinterpretation and mistake
HANDLING MOB VIOLENCE AGAINST DOCTORS AND THEIR MEDICAL ESTABLISHMENTLifecare Centre
HANDLING MOB VIOLENCE AGAINST DOCTORS AND THEIR MEDICAL ESTABLISHMENT
DR. SHARDA JAIN
Dr. Arvind Narayan
Dr. Gaurav Agarwal
Dr Jyoti Bhasker
Dr Yogesh Agarwala
VOILENCE AGAINST DOCTORS
As the society evolves and the population becomes more and more literate it is expected that vandalism against doctors would decline.
A brief presentation on the Medicolegal aspects of healthcare initially intended for the students - Post Graduate Diploma in Hosp. Management (Medvarsity)
The document provides guidelines for medical officers in the Armed Forces on handling medicolegal cases. Some key points include:
- Medicolegal cases include injuries, deaths, and other cases requiring investigation to determine responsibility. Proper documentation is important to avoid legal issues.
- Common types of medicolegal cases include assaults, accidents, suspicious trauma, poisonings, deaths, and sexual offenses.
- In emergencies, patient stabilization takes priority over formalities. All patients receive initial care. Suspicious injury cases in military personnel must be reported.
- Proper documentation, evidence collection and storage, informing authorities, and other procedures are outlined to ensure legal compliance and aid any investigations.
This document discusses medicolegal cases and reporting procedures for doctors. It defines a medicolegal case as one involving injury or illness requiring legal investigation. It outlines doctors' legal responsibilities to properly document and report such cases. Proper procedures are described for receiving cases, registering them, preparing records including findings and opinions, collecting samples, and storing documentation long-term. Fear of legal entanglements can cause doctors to avoid these cases, so understanding proper procedures is important.
This document outlines various types of professional misconduct for medical practitioners, including abuse of privileges like issuing false medical certificates; abuse of relationships such as indecent assault of patients; abuse of financial opportunities like fee splitting; disregard of responsibilities to patients; conduct discreditable to the medical profession; and personal tendencies dangerous to patients like alcoholism. It provides examples for each type of misconduct.
Examination of “The RAPE VICTIM” To be presented AOGD annual Conference o...Lifecare Centre
The document discusses guidelines for examining rape victims. It emphasizes that the examination should be conducted by a female doctor in a private setting to collect forensic evidence and provide medical care. Proper protocols must be followed to carefully document any injuries and preserve clothing, samples, and other evidence without washing or changing the victim's clothes beforehand. The goals are to assess and treat medical issues, prevent pregnancy and STDs, and collect information for legal proceedings, while showing compassion and supporting the psychological needs of the survivor.
This document defines a medical certificate as an official document confirming a person's health written at the request of administrative, judicial, or the individual. It outlines the proper purposes of medical certificates including medical leave, employment fitness, insurance, and legal documentation of death or mental state. The document provides guidelines for properly completing a medical certificate, including legibility, use of forms, minimizing medical terms, and including key identifying information. It also notes that medical professionals should not self-certify and discusses types of traumatic medical reports and steps to take if a mistake is made on a certificate.
This document provides guidance for performing a foetal autopsy. It outlines the key steps including an external examination noting measurements and abnormalities, and an internal examination where organs are examined in situ before being removed. Each organ is then dissected according to anatomical relationships to examine for abnormalities while preserving educational value. Sections are taken of each organ for histological examination according to standard procedures tailored for foetuses. The aim is to determine cause of death, detect congenital anomalies, and perform genetic testing to inform counselling.
In this presentation it has been tried to give a glimpse of different type of consent, how it should be taken, how the patient to be explained, when consent is must and conditions where consent is not required, so as to guide you in your every day practice.
This document discusses guidelines for labeling cases as medicolegal (MLC) and completing medicolegal documentation. Some key points:
- Doctors can label a case as an MLC if investigations are warranted to determine circumstances and fix responsibility for an injury or illness. Consent is not required.
- All injuries must be thoroughly documented, including size, shape, location and age. Photographs can also be taken.
- If a suspected weapon is produced, it must be thoroughly examined and the doctor can opine on whether injuries match the weapon. The doctor's signature is placed on the weapon for future identification.
- Police must be informed about all MLC cases. Private practitioners can make M
1. The document outlines the code of medical ethics and regulations for physicians in India, covering their duties to patients, other physicians, and the public.
2. Physicians must maintain patients' confidentiality, act with integrity, provide competent care, and avoid conflicts of interest regarding payment for services.
3. When consulting or referring patients, physicians must communicate appropriately and avoid criticizing or interfering with the care provided by other doctors.
The document summarizes key aspects of medical jurisprudence in India. It discusses that the medical profession is governed by ethics and etiquette. It outlines the composition and functions of the Indian Medical Council and State Medical Councils, including maintaining medical registers and taking disciplinary action. It describes unethical acts and the process for issuing warning notices or erasing names from registers. It also covers professional secrecy and privileged communication, as well as the rights, duties and code of conduct for registered medical practitioners in India.
Investgation of rape and sexual assaultbegraj SIWAL
This document discusses sexual assault, including myths and realities. The key points are:
1) Most perpetrators of sexual assault are known to the victim, often family members, and it commonly occurs within families.
2) Victims experience significant physical, mental, and psychological consequences as a result of assault.
3) Common myths about sexual assault are often untrue, such as the idea that only strangers commit assaults or that victims will always report immediately.
4) Sensitive and supportive interview techniques are important for victims, avoiding re-traumatization and allowing them to share details in their own words.
Dying declaration is an exception to the rule against hearsay evidence. It refers to statements made by a dying person about the cause of their death. It is considered reliable because the maxim is that a person would not lie as they are dying and facing their maker. For a dying declaration to be admissible, it must relate to the cause of death, be made by a competent person, and not be inconsistent, doubtful, influenced, or untrue. Dying declarations can be written, verbal, through gestures, or nods and are given evidentiary value in court.
The Bombay Nursing Home Registration Act, 1949 provides for the registration and inspection of nursing homes in the state of Maharashtra. Some key points:
1) The act requires all nursing homes to register with the local supervising authority and renew their registration every 3 years. It outlines the application process and fees.
2) Refusal or cancellation of registration may occur if the nursing home does not meet management or compliance requirements.
3) The act establishes penalties for non-registration such as fines or imprisonment. It also mandates reporting of deaths and maintenance of patient records.
4) The act protects patient rights such as privacy, consent, autonomy in decisions, and confidentiality of health information. Nursing homes
Forensic medicine medical negligence 2-bolam principleMBBS IMS MSU
This document discusses medical negligence and the Bolam principle for determining negligence in medical malpractice cases. It provides background on several key cases that helped establish the standard of care. The Bolam principle determines negligence based on whether a doctor's actions fell below the standard of a responsible body of medical professionals. However, it has been criticized for being too protective of doctors. Even if a doctor's actions cause harm, they may not be found negligent under Bolam if other doctors may have acted the same way. The document examines challenges in assessing causation and damages in medical negligence cases.
This document discusses the duties and procedures of medical practitioners regarding medico-legal cases (MLCs). It notes that MLCs must be properly documented and samples collected according to procedure. Treatment of the patient is the top priority. All MLC details and samples are kept confidential except what is provided to investigating officers. Failure to follow MLC protocols could result in legal penalties for the medical practitioner.
This document discusses the role and responsibilities of maxillofacial surgeons as expert witnesses in medico-legal cases. It covers topics such as duties of registered medical practitioners, registration and documentation of medico-legal cases, preparation of medico-legal reports, maintenance of records, admission and discharge procedures, and legal provisions related to medico-legal work. The document emphasizes the importance of thorough documentation, accurate injury descriptions, sample collection and preservation, and timely reporting to the police for maxillofacial surgeons dealing with medico-legal cases.
Medico Legal Case Management.pptxWhy is this essentialGODWIN SUJIN
This document outlines procedures for handling medico-legal cases (MLCs). Key points include: registering MLCs and notifying police for cases involving suspected foul play, unnatural causes, or legal implications; conducting thorough examinations and documentation; collecting and preserving relevant evidence; and maintaining confidential MLC records separately from other files for long-term preservation or case resolution. Proper protocols are described for receiving cases, examination, investigation, discharge, death, and liaising with police as needed.
This document discusses medicolegal issues that doctors may encounter. It defines a medicolegal case as one involving legal implications for the attending doctor where further investigation by law enforcement is required. The document outlines doctors' legal responsibilities in managing medicolegal cases, including informing law enforcement of certain injuries or deaths. It provides guidance on properly receiving, documenting, and managing different types of medicolegal cases.
The document discusses various medicolegal aspects of medical records. It outlines who can label a case as medicolegal, noting the first treating doctor should prepare the report. It also discusses background information on medicolegal case management. The document details what demographic and registration information should be included in medical records for potential future forensic investigations. It lists legal documents that may be required like birth/death certificates and informed consent forms. Finally, it emphasizes the importance of maintaining complete and accurate records signed by doctors for any potential legal claims or indemnity cases.
APPROACH TO HANDLING OF MEDICO-LEGAL CASESSohailislam12
This document provides an overview of handling medico-legal cases. It discusses what constitutes a medico-legal case, common types of cases, relevant laws, and the process of managing a case which includes identification, registration, examination, investigation, treatment, preparing a final opinion. Specific issues like consent, injuries, autopsy, poisoning, and transport accidents are also covered. The presentation was made by 11 students providing information on approaching medico-legal cases.
The document discusses various legal aspects and responsibilities related to medical care and hospitals in India. It outlines duties of physicians according to medical codes of ethics. Hospitals have legal responsibilities to patients, staff, owners, and the public. The document also summarizes Indian laws governing medical issues including those related to medical negligence, contracts, torts, and community care aspects of doctors' work.
detail knowledge of medico-legal cases, introduction,types, reports, consent,death certificate, patient right. it will help you to understand the concept of medico-legal cases
The document discusses guidelines for medico-legal work and procedures related to medico-legal cases. It outlines what constitutes medico-legal work and details record keeping, documentation, and reporting requirements for medico-legal cases. Hospitals must maintain separate registers, records, and case papers for medico-legal cases. Medical officers are responsible for thorough examination and documentation of injuries, issuing complete medical certificates, and informing police in a timely manner. Autopsies must be performed according to strict procedures and a detailed report submitted within 24 hours.
The legal duties of a doctor. 1. Emergency medical services 2. Disclosure of 3. What are MLC? What is the duty of the doctor in MLC, medical records preservation, proper documentation, valid is very important for saving the doctors consent from legal actions under IPC and actions for negligence.
For info log on to www.healthlibrary.com. "Rights and Duties of Doctors - Part 2" By Dr. Ghazala Shaikh held on 3 Nov 2015.
MEDICOLEGAL role of MEDICAL OFFICER at a hospital.pdfAngirasSahuAngi
Medicolegal roles of medical officer by nhrc. It includes all the common points a medical officer must be aware of. In case of MLC it can be used for doctor duties.
This document discusses legal aspects of medical records, including:
1) What constitutes a medico-legal case (MLC) and examples of incidents that would be considered MLCs.
2) Guidelines for preserving medico-legal evidence and documents related to MLCs.
3) The process for notifying police about MLCs and guidelines for preserving related records.
4) What a subpoena is and how one may be issued, served, and should be responded to.
This document discusses several topics related to nursing ethics including:
- Common ethical issues nurses face in clinical and organizational settings such as patient rights, goals of care, and allocation of resources.
- Key principles of ethics like beneficence, non-maleficence, respect for autonomy, and justice.
- Legal responsibilities of nurses including following rules/regulations, maintaining licensing, and providing competent care.
- Examples of negligence and malpractice, and the elements required in a medical lawsuit.
- Legal and ethical implications of various nursing situations such as admission/discharge of patients and administering medications.
"whenever any medico-legal case comes to the hospital, the medical officer on duty should inform the Duty Constable, giving the name, age, sex of the patient and the place of occurrence of the incident and should start the treatment of the patient.
It will be the duty of the said Constable to inform the nearest concerned police station or higher police functionaries for further action.
The time period for maintaining medical or medico legal records(fmt)Ritam Sahu
The time period for Medical or Medico Legal records to be maintained by Hospital or Medical Practitoner Forensic Medicine Project in Colleges and also Medical Issues
This document discusses legal procedures in India according to the Indian Penal Code and Code of Criminal Procedure. It covers topics such as inquests, courts, cognizable vs non-cognizable offenses, punishments, summons procedures, types of evidence including dying declarations, and procedures for examining witnesses in court. Police inquests and magistrate inquests are described as the main types of inquest conducted in India to investigate sudden, suspicious, or unnatural deaths. The roles of various courts like the Supreme Court, High Courts, and magistrate courts are also summarized.
The document discusses several topics related to medical records and rights. It begins by discussing the rights of unborn children to exist without discrimination based on gender. It notes that while women have reproductive rights, those rights transfer to the unborn child once conceived.
It then provides details on medical records, including their components, uses, labeling, numbering systems, and functions of the medical records department. It outlines the process for completing records, releasing information for legal cases, and preparing records for court.
Guidelines are provided on retention periods for different types of medical records. The roles and responsibilities of the medical records committee and officer are defined. Quality indicators for evaluating the medical records department are listed. Brief definitions of related topics like
This document discusses various legal aspects related to nursing, including medico-legal issues, terminology, common medico-legal cases, and guidelines for handling medico-legal cases. It provides definitions for terms like tort, negligence, malpractice, and intentional torts. It also outlines laws and acts applicable to nursing practice in Nepal and legal provisions for different types of cases. Furthermore, it discusses legal safeguards for nursing practice and potential legal issues nurses may face.
Health Law and Ethics 1 for Medical StudentSyakirFahmie2
The document summarizes key aspects of health law and ethics in Malaysia. It discusses the Malaysian legal system and different types of laws, including civil and criminal law as they relate to medical practice. It covers concepts of consent, negligence, and the duty of care physicians owe patients. It also addresses issues like vicarious liability, assault, battery, and cases where doctors have faced criminal charges for negligent actions that caused patient harm or death.
Potassium plays a crucial role in various physiological processes as an electrolyte and mineral. It helps maintain fluid, acid-base, and electrolyte balance. Potassium is also essential for nerve and muscle function, including the heart. It is involved in generating and transmitting nerve impulses, and regulating muscle contraction and relaxation. The kidneys play an important role in potassium balance by filtering it from the blood and excreting excess through urine. Abnormal potassium levels can disrupt these functions and cause adverse health effects.
Sodium plays several key roles in physiology. It is the main cation in extracellular fluid and helps maintain membrane potentials and nerve/muscle function. Sodium levels are tightly regulated by the kidneys through reabsorption and excretion and other factors like the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. Imbalances in sodium levels can cause hyponatremia or hypernatremia with neurological symptoms, so careful management is required.
Hyponatremia is defined as a serum sodium concentration below 135 mEq/L. It is commonly seen in hospitalized patients and those with conditions like heart failure, cirrhosis, and SIADH. Treatment involves correcting the underlying cause and raising the serum sodium level, but too rapid of a correction can cause serious neurological complications. Tolvaptan is a vasopressin receptor antagonist that promotes water excretion without electrolyte loss, allowing for a safe correction of hyponatremia within 24-48 hours. Clinical trials demonstrated its ability to significantly increase serum sodium levels compared to placebo.
The document contains schedules for an annual planner spanning January through December, a more detailed January planner, and a sample weekly planner with times for scheduled activities broken out by day of the week and time slots. It provides templates for planning various events and activities over different time periods.
This calendar document shows the days of the week and dates for the month of January. It includes columns for the days of the week and dates along with spaces to write or type events for each day in the morning and afternoon. The days, dates, and time slots provide a structure for planning and scheduling activities throughout January.
The document contains schedules for weekly, monthly, and annual planning. The weekly schedule shows PowerPoint and design activities scheduled each hour between 10am and 5pm from Monday to Friday. The monthly schedule lists various project schedules and their contents from January 1st to 31st. The annual planner schedules 6 projects from January 2019 to December 2019.
This presentation provides tips for making effective presentations using awesome backgrounds to engage audiences and capture their attention. It discusses using backgrounds and features of Product A and Product B.
This document provides information on heat illnesses including heat rash, sunburn, heat cramps, heat exhaustion, and heat stroke. It details symptoms of each and recommends first aid treatments. Additional tips include drinking water regularly to avoid dehydration, resting in shade, and monitoring others for signs of heat stroke. Proper hydration is key to preventing heat illnesses, with recommendations to drink before thirst sets in and replace electrolytes through foods or sports drinks.
OCUUPATION RELATED RISK FACTORS FOR HEALTH.pptxMSrujanaDevi
2.9 billion workers worldwide are exposed to hazardous occupational risks that caused 775,000 deaths in 2000. The leading causes of death were unintentional injuries (41%), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (40%), and lung cancer (13%). Occupational risks also accounted for a significant percentage of back pain, hearing loss, asthma, injuries, and leukemia. Common occupational risks include carcinogens, airborne particulates, noise, ergonomic stressors, and injury risks. Workplace disasters in the early 1900s, such as the 1911 Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire that killed 146 workers, sparked legislation to better protect workers' safety and health.
This document outlines a project plan to increase volumes at Apollo Hospitals in Kakinada, India. The primary challenge is to increase volumes. The plan is to double profits in the second half of the year compared to the first half by identifying consultant doctors, conducting digital marketing campaigns, and hosting community outreach events. Challenges include a high number of below poverty line patients and competition from other hospitals in the area. Key performance indicators like inpatient volumes, outpatient volumes, scans, and health checks are benchmarked against targets for the third quarter.
This document provides information on drugs used for upper and lower respiratory infections. It discusses the anatomy of the respiratory tract and the process of respiration. For upper respiratory infections, it describes antihistamines, decongestants, intranasal glucocorticoids, antitussives, and expectorants. For lower respiratory disorders like asthma, it discusses beta-2 adrenergic agonists, anticholinergics, methylxanthine derivatives, leukotriene modifiers, glucocorticoids, cromolyn, and nedocromil. The document provides details on the mechanisms, uses, and side effects of these various drug classes.
This document discusses respiratory physiology and the management of respiratory conditions. It covers topics such as ventilation, gas exchange in the lungs, the cough reflex, treatments for cough including suppressants and expectorants, bronchodilators for conditions like asthma, and the adverse effects of medications like inhaled corticosteroids.
The document discusses several key terms related to cardiac output and heart function. It defines terms like contractility, preload, afterload, stroke volume, end diastolic volume, end systolic volume, cardiac reserve, and the Frank-Starling principle. It also examines how factors like heart rate, preload, afterload, and contractility can influence stroke volume and ultimately cardiac output.
The document discusses factors that regulate cardiac output, including preload, contractility, and afterload. It describes how the respiratory pump, cardiac pump, and muscle pump influence venous return and end-diastolic volume. The role of the sympathetic nervous system in increasing heart rate and contractility is explained. Methods for measuring cardiac output are outlined, including the Fick principle using oxygen consumption, indicator dilution techniques, thermodilution, and non-invasive methods like Doppler echocardiography and impedance cardiography. Disease states that increase or decrease cardiac output are briefly mentioned.
The document discusses cardiac output, including its definition as the amount of blood ejected by each ventricle per minute which is calculated as stroke volume multiplied by heart rate. It describes various methods to measure cardiac output based on Fick's principle and dye dilution, and factors that can cause cardiac output to vary such as age, sex, environment, exercise, and disease states. Physiological variations include increases with exercise, pregnancy, and environmental temperature, and decreases with cardiac conditions, arrhythmias, and hemorrhage.
This document outlines various methods for measuring cardiac output. It begins with a historical perspective on cardiac output measurement, noting that Adolf Fick first developed a technique for measuring it in 1870 using what is now called the Fick principle. The document then discusses the importance of cardiac output and ideal features of measurement devices. It describes both non-invasive techniques like echocardiography and invasive methods like thermodilution that use indicator dilution. The relationship between cardiac output, stroke volume, heart rate and cardiac reserve is also explained.
This document discusses drugs used to treat respiratory diseases like asthma. It describes the types and causes of asthma and the two main approaches to treatment: targeting bronchial smooth muscle tone and inhibiting inflammation. Bronchodilators like beta-agonists are used to increase adrenergic tone and relax smooth muscle. Corticosteroids, mast cell stabilizers, and other drugs target the inflammatory process. Treatment follows a stepwise approach based on asthma severity, starting with short-acting bronchodilators and adding controllers like inhaled corticosteroids as needed. Key drugs and their mechanisms of action are explained in detail.
This document discusses neuromuscular diseases, focusing on peripheral nerve disorders, motor neuron disease, and myopathies. It describes various types of polyneuropathies including diabetic, chronic inflammatory demyelinating, and hereditary neuropathies. Guillain-Barré syndrome is discussed as an example of an acute polyneuropathy. Evaluation methods like electromyography and nerve conduction studies are also summarized.
This document discusses pericardial diseases. It begins by defining the pericardium and its layers. The main types of pericardial syndromes encountered in clinical practice are then summarized as pericarditis, pericardial effusion, cardiac tamponade, constrictive pericarditis, and pericardial masses. Epidemiology, aetiology, classification, and specific syndromes like acute pericarditis are then explored in more detail over several sections. Therapies for different conditions are discussed, including acute pericarditis, recurrent pericarditis, and pericarditis associated with myocardial involvement.
This document discusses supraglottic airway devices. It begins by defining supraglottic airway devices as those that maintain airway patency by sitting just above the glottic opening without entering the trachea. It then classifies these devices based on generation, sealing mechanism, number of lumens, and other characteristics. Key devices discussed include the LMA Classic, Flexible LMA, ProSeal LMA, and Intubating LMA. Advantages and disadvantages of supraglottic airway devices are provided. Insertion techniques and signs of correct placement are also summarized.
Philippine Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) CurriculumMJDuyan
(𝐓𝐋𝐄 𝟏𝟎𝟎) (𝐋𝐞𝐬𝐬𝐨𝐧 𝟏)-𝐏𝐫𝐞𝐥𝐢𝐦𝐬
𝐃𝐢𝐬𝐜𝐮𝐬𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐄𝐏𝐏 𝐂𝐮𝐫𝐫𝐢𝐜𝐮𝐥𝐮𝐦 𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐏𝐡𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐩𝐩𝐢𝐧𝐞𝐬:
- Understand the goals and objectives of the Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) curriculum, recognizing its importance in fostering practical life skills and values among students. Students will also be able to identify the key components and subjects covered, such as agriculture, home economics, industrial arts, and information and communication technology.
𝐄𝐱𝐩𝐥𝐚𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐍𝐚𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐞 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐒𝐜𝐨𝐩𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐚𝐧 𝐄𝐧𝐭𝐫𝐞𝐩𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐞𝐮𝐫:
-Define entrepreneurship, distinguishing it from general business activities by emphasizing its focus on innovation, risk-taking, and value creation. Students will describe the characteristics and traits of successful entrepreneurs, including their roles and responsibilities, and discuss the broader economic and social impacts of entrepreneurial activities on both local and global scales.
🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥
إضغ بين إيديكم من أقوى الملازم التي صممتها
ملزمة تشريح الجهاز الهيكلي (نظري 3)
💀💀💀💀💀💀💀💀💀💀
تتميز هذهِ الملزمة بعِدة مُميزات :
1- مُترجمة ترجمة تُناسب جميع المستويات
2- تحتوي على 78 رسم توضيحي لكل كلمة موجودة بالملزمة (لكل كلمة !!!!)
#فهم_ماكو_درخ
3- دقة الكتابة والصور عالية جداً جداً جداً
4- هُنالك بعض المعلومات تم توضيحها بشكل تفصيلي جداً (تُعتبر لدى الطالب أو الطالبة بإنها معلومات مُبهمة ومع ذلك تم توضيح هذهِ المعلومات المُبهمة بشكل تفصيلي جداً
5- الملزمة تشرح نفسها ب نفسها بس تكلك تعال اقراني
6- تحتوي الملزمة في اول سلايد على خارطة تتضمن جميع تفرُعات معلومات الجهاز الهيكلي المذكورة في هذهِ الملزمة
واخيراً هذهِ الملزمة حلالٌ عليكم وإتمنى منكم إن تدعولي بالخير والصحة والعافية فقط
كل التوفيق زملائي وزميلاتي ، زميلكم محمد الذهبي 💊💊
🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥
Level 3 NCEA - NZ: A Nation In the Making 1872 - 1900 SML.pptHenry Hollis
The History of NZ 1870-1900.
Making of a Nation.
From the NZ Wars to Liberals,
Richard Seddon, George Grey,
Social Laboratory, New Zealand,
Confiscations, Kotahitanga, Kingitanga, Parliament, Suffrage, Repudiation, Economic Change, Agriculture, Gold Mining, Timber, Flax, Sheep, Dairying,
This presentation was provided by Rebecca Benner, Ph.D., of the American Society of Anesthesiologists, for the second session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session Two: 'Expanding Pathways to Publishing Careers,' was held June 13, 2024.
A Visual Guide to 1 Samuel | A Tale of Two HeartsSteve Thomason
These slides walk through the story of 1 Samuel. Samuel is the last judge of Israel. The people reject God and want a king. Saul is anointed as the first king, but he is not a good king. David, the shepherd boy is anointed and Saul is envious of him. David shows honor while Saul continues to self destruct.
2. DISCLAIMER/CAUTION
THIS PRESENTATION BRIEFLY OUTLINES THE PROTOCOL FOR
PREPARATION OF MEDICOLEGAL REPORTS.THESE
GUIDELINES ARE NOT THE FINAL AND COMPLETE
DOCUMENT OF THE MEDICOLEGAL SYSTEM. THE
GUIDELINES ARE SUBJECT TO REVISION FROM TIME TO TIME
AS PER CENTRAL GOVT/STATE GOVT OR COURT DIRECTIVE
AS THE CASE MAY BE.
THE GUIDELINES ARE BEST UTILIZED IF THE MEDICAL
PROFESSIONAL USES KNOWLEDGE AND SKILL TO THE BEST
OF HIS/HER CAPABILITIES FOR PATIENT CARE AND
MEDICOLEGAL DOCUMENTATION AS PER PROVISIONS OF THE
LAW OF THE STATE. THE HEALTH CARE PROFESSIONALS ARE
ALSO ADVISED TO CONSULT STANDARD REFERENCES IN
SUCH MATTERS WHENEVER NECCESSARY.
3. Why to manage MLC
ML Cases are just as Non MLC sick/injured patients and doctor
is duty bound to treat as well as document the details.
Crucial piece of evidence
Communication to law enforcing agencies is required under section 39
of CrPC and failure to do so will attract legal penalty
Liable to be prosecuted under section 201 of IPC
4. DUTIES OF REGISTERED MEDICAL
PRACTITIONER TOWARDS PATIENT
1. Duty to exercise reasonable degree of skill and knowledge.
2. Duties in regard to attendance and examination.
3. Duty to furnish proper and suitable medicines.
4. Duty to give instructions.
5. Duties towards children and adults.
6. Consultation with a specialist.
7. Duties in regard to psychiatric patients.
8. Duties in regard to poisoning.
9. Duty to notify certain diseases.
10. Duties in regard to operative procedures.
11. Duties under Geneva convention.
12. Duties in convention with X-rays.
13. Professional Secrecy.
5. 1. Consent
2. Confidentiality
3. Maintenance Of Records
4. Collection And Preservation Of Samples
5. Dying Declaration
DUTIES OF REGISTERED MEDICAL PRACTITIONER
TOWARDS STATE
7. WHAT IS A MEDICOLEGAL CASE?
No legal definition
Pre-labeled case: It is a case of injury or ailment
where an attending doctor after taking history and
clinical examination of the patient thinks that some
investigation by law enforcing agencies is essential,
so as to fix the responsibility regarding the case in
accordance with the law .
8. Receiving an MLC
A doctor can receive a medico-legal case–
• Brought by the police for examination and reporting.
• Already registered MLC referred from other health care system for
expert management/advice
• After history taking and thorough examination, if the doctor suspects
that the circumstances/ findings of the case are such that registration
of the case as an MLC is warranted
• Directive of court.
9. Who?
Any doctor who
Possess permanent registration with MCI/State MC
Some experience (preferable)
The doctor who has -First contact with patient should
prepare an ML case report
In rape victims by the examination and preparation of MLC is
done by female doctors.
10. Where?
No specified area is defined for ML case
Emergency Department is the area where
majority of ML reports are prepare but sometimes
may be in wards after detection of new findings
11. When?
Some of the Pre-labeled MLC
[This list is not comprehensive]
RTA’s, Rail accidents, factory accidents or any other
unnatural mishap
Suspected or evident homicides or suicides
Suspected or evident poisoning
Burn injuries due to any cause
Injury cases where foul play is suspected
Injury cases where there is likelihood of death in near
future
Sexual assault cases
Suspected or evident criminal abortions
Unconscious cases where cause of it is not clear
Brought in dead cases where suspicion of foul play
Cases referred from court
12. Consent in Medico legal cases
Consent for medicolegal examination to be taken in
written in all cases
Exception : Cases brought by police being arrested on
charge of committing an offence
Person below 12 years/unsound mind- consent of
guardian is to be taken.
13. Life saving is the foremost duty of a doctor and a
hospital, in accident or medico-legal cases (MLC).
Patient treatment is priority
Doctor has to do is to COMPLETE the injury
sheet, which is a part of the assessment of the
patient.
NO DELAY FOR PROVIDING FIRST AID
REMEMBER
14. TREATMENT is PRIORITY
THE PRIME RESPONSIBILITY
OF
DOCTOR IS THE INSTITUTION OF
PROPER TREATMENT TO THE PATIENT
PROMPTLY
15. MLC should be registered as early as possible
There is no time limit for preparing an MLR or registering a case as
MLC
A case which otherwise qualifies to be an MLC was not registered
earlier is to be registered as MLC by the concerned doctor
A case due to unraveling of new findings –history/clinical
examination etc. later on qualifies to be an MLC to be registered by
the concerned doctor
16. DOCUMENTATION OF A MEDICOLEGAL CASE
Documentation is done in duplicate in a set Performa as per
hospital policy
Separate performas may be available for medical
examination, examination of drunkenness etc.
All columns are filled up carefully and by the same doctor
who had examined the patient
Each MLC is given a fresh MLC number sequentially or
parallel series as per hospital policy
17. The details are completed then and there only, leaving
no provisions as to be completed later on.
After completion doctors sign and mention his/her
name in full below it with designation
Police constable on duty informed in each case.
After registration of a case as MLC , thereafter all
documents and requisition forms bear the same MLC
number including the discharge slip.
DOCUMENTATION OF A MEDICOLEGAL CASE contd..
18. 1. REGISTRATION NUMBER
2. MLC NO
3. NAME
4. S/D/W OF
5. AGE
6. SEX
7. RELIGION
8. OCCUPATION
9. RESIDENTIAL ADDRESS
10.BROUGHT BY …….
11.DATE AND TIME OF EXAMINATION
12.NAME OF POLCE STATION
GENERAL DETAILS
19. DETAILS OF EXAMINATION
• ALLEGED HISTORY
• TO BE PRECICISE AND TO THE POINT
• LEGIBALY/CLEARLY WRITTEN
• DESCRIPTION OF INJURIES
• ABBREVIATIONS AVOIDED
• WHEN IN DOUBT CONSULTATION OBTAINED
•MINOR INJURIES ALSO NOTED IN CASE OF
POLYTRAUMA/MULTIPLE INJURIES
MARKS OF IDENTIFICATION ARE NOTED AND DOCUMENTED
21. CERTIFYING FITNESS
As a part of documentation of ML Case report or whenever the
I.O requests the doctor for certifying fitness of the patient to
make a statement the examining doctor will certify the same on
the original MLC sheet. He/she will mention date and time
clearly with signature, name in full with designation below the
certification.
23. Time limit for registering a
Medico legal case
A medico-legal case is registered as soon as a
doctor suspects foul play or feels it necessary to
inform the police, at any time after admission.
A case is registered as an MLC even if it is brought
several days after the incident.
24. Can a doctor refuse to attend MLC
NO
GOVT SERVICE DOCTORS -DUTY BOUND
ROLE OF PRIVATE PRACTITIONERS?
A doctor cannot refuse to examine medico legal case
on the basis of being a private practitioner or citing
a jurisdiction problem.
25. ML CASE
Discharged after initial treatment
Admitted as in patient
Referred to other hospital after providing
First Aid / stabilization for expert
management after completion of all
necessary documentation
26. If the case brought is a referred case and is
already registered as medico legal case
FRESH REPORT is NOT REQUIRED
27. • A case that is admitted and on treatment, later on
found out be MLC, is made MLC by the
concerned doctor.
• If death is inevitable, arrangement to take the
dying declaration is made.
• All the materials such as vomit, gastric lavage
sample, blood urine, etc. in poisoning cases,
vaginal swab and pubic hair in sexual offences,
foreign bodies found in the wounds, etc are
collected
• Samples are properly preserved, packed and
sealed then handed over to the police.
28. How?
First aim is to preserve life
Registration at designated area
1. Specified Register
2. Cases already registered and referred
i. Duty of referring doctor
ii. Duty of receiving doctor
Entertaining requests of patient/relative
Whenever there is doubt, doctors take second
opinion/consult specialists
All reports and documents of a medico legal case are
labeled as MLC with the number assigned
29. Information is given only to I.O. or any person
designated by I.O.
If the I.O. gives requisition for any clarification
regarding certain points mentioned in the report
given, answer is given in writing.
DOCTORS MAINTAIN CONFIDENTIALITY
IN ALL MLC CSES
30. • If the I.O. demands an original document/
photocopy of the same, of a MLC, it is given
and a receipt obtained.
• If the court demands X-Ray films, P.M. report
etc. they are deposited in the court and a
receipt obtained.
31. • Gastric lavage/ vomitus in poisoning cases
• Blood in alcoholic/poisoning cases/drug abuse or
for DNA test
• Clothes in assault/injury/fire-arm/burn cases
• Nail clippings in assault/rape cases
• Pellets/bullet etc. if recovered
• Vaginal swabs/public hair in rape cases
• Swabs in un-natural sexual offence cases
• Swabs from fire-arm entry wounds
• Washing from hands in fire-arm suicide cases
COLLECTION AND PRESERVATION OF SAMPLES
32. • Urine for pregnancy test in rape cases
• Undergarments
• Swabs from glans penis in rape/unnatural sexual offences
• Swab from bite marks for blood/DNA test
• Nails and hair in chronic poisoning of heavy metals
• Any other material which may be useful in investigation
• Any other exhibit e.g. bottle of poison or tablet or weapon if
recovered should be properly labeled and sealed. It is
essential to give sample of seal on separate cloth/paper
putting initials. The endorsement of sample of seal should
also be made in MLR.
COLLECTION AND PRESERVATION OF SAMPLES
33. AGE DETERMINATION
• VICTIM
•ACCUSED
1. GENERAL PHYSICAL
EXAMINATION
2. DEV. OF SECONDARY
SEXUAL
CHARACTERS
3. DEVELOPMENT AND
ERUPTION OF TEETH
4. OSSIFICATION OF
BONES
It is necessary that to estimate age all precautions to be taken so that
range of estimation should not be more than ± 6 months up to 16 years
of age and ± 1 year up to 21 years.
Generally
X-ray of
•Wrist
•Elbow
•Shoulder
is advised for age
determination- juvenile or
not
34. RELEVANCE OF AGE DETERMINATION
1. CRIMINAL CULPABILITY Section 82 IPC child < 7 years
Section 83 IPC child 7 years -12 years
2. CONSENT FOR MEDICAL EXAMINATION
3. CONSENT for any harm not intended to cause death or grievous hurt can
be given by a person> 18 years age Section 87 IPC
4. IMPRISONMENT –Juvenile < 18 years not to be kept in prison
5. CASES OF SEXUAL ASSAULT/RAPE
35. Issues regarding MLC
Dying declaration
Dying deposition
Custody of ML Records
Attending court of Law
36. Admission and Discharge of MLC
o Whenever a medico-legal case is admitted the same is
documented in admission papers and hospital records
o When discharged, the same should be intimated to the
police authorities of the hospital
Police is informed if a MLC is taking discharge
against medical advice
At the time of discharge, detailed instructions to
the patient regarding treatment, follow up general
care, diet, exercise etc are given in writing.
37. Death of a person admitted as a medico-legal case
The following are the do's and don'ts in case a person
admitted as a medico-legal case expires.
• Police Informed immediately.
• Body sent to the hospital mortuary for
preservation, till the legal formalities are
completed and the police releases the body to the
lawful heirs.
• Death certificate not issued – even if the patient
was admitted.
• Dead body never released to the relatives directly
38. BROUGHT IN DEAD PATIENTS
• POLICE TO BE INFORMED IF NOT ALREADY DONE
• NO INJURIES NOTED IN MLC RECORD
• ARTICLES IN POSSESSION DOCUMENTED AND HANDED
OVER TO RELATIVES/POLICE
• DEAD BODY TO BE SENT TO HOSPITAL MORTUARY
39. MEDICAL EXAMINATION OF VICTIMS
OF SEXUAL ASSAULT
Section 164A of CrPC
•Examination only by female registered medical practitioner
•Without delay
•Consent -documented
•Note down particulars
•Complete history
•Examination – Genital examination and injuries:
Standard protocols and guidelines
•Preserve samples-DNA profiling
•Emergency Contraception if required
•Treatment /prophylaxis as required
•Opinion
40. EXAMINATION OF PERSON ACCUSED OF
SEXUAL ASSAULT
Section 53A CrPC
•Brought by police written and signed request
•Details of examination findings
•Sample preservation –Clothing/Blood/Semen sample/Pubic hairs for
DNA profiling
•Opinion
•Age determination
Consent not required
41. CHILD ABUSE/ SUSPECTED VICTIMS OF SEXUAL
ASSAULT/ABANDONED CHILDREN
Guidelines laid down by hon’ble court
A detailed description of assault/abuse history be mentioned
In case of girl victim medical examination preferably by a female doctor
As far as practical –psychiatrist help be made available to victim
Report to be prepared as early as possible
Parents/ guardian whom child should trust should be allowed to be present
In case of results of examination are likely to be delayed the same should be
mentioned
Emergency medical treatment/prophylaxis against STD to be provided when
necessary
After examination child permitted to wash up and provide fresh clothing if
clothing is taken as evidence
Preserve samples according to guidelines –SAFE [Sexual abuse Forensic
Evidence] Kit provided in Govt. hospitals
42. LEGAL PROVISIONS
• Section 191 IPC (Giving false evidence)
• Section 192 IPC (Fabricating false evidence)
• Section 193 IPC (Punishment for false evidence)-
Imprisonment up-to 7 years+ fine
• Section 201 IPC (Causing disappearance of evidence
of offence, or giving false information to screen
offender)
43. LEGAL PROVISIONS (cont.)
• Section 202 IPC (Intentional omission to give
information of offence by person bound to inform)
• Section 203 IPC (Giving false information respecting
an offence committed)-Under Sections 201 and 202
and in this section the word “offence”, includes any
act committed
underSection302,304,382,393,394,395,396,397,398,4
02,435,436,449,450,457,458,459 and 460
44. LEGAL PROVISIONS (cont.)
• Section 204 IPC (Destruction of document or
electronic record to prevent its production as
evidence) Imprisonment up-to 2 years or fine or both
• Section 88 IPC (Act not intended to cause death,
done by consent in good faith for person’s benefit)
• Section 89 IPC (Act done in good faith for the
benefit of child or insane person, by or by consent of
guardian)
45. LEGAL PROVISIONS (cont.)
• Section 92 IPC (Act done in good faith for
benefit of a person with out consent)
• Section 93 IPC (Communication made in good
faith)
• Section 39 CrPC (Public to give information of
certain offences-Section 302-304)
46. LEGAL PROVISIONS (cont.)
• Section 53 CrPC (Examination of accused by
medical practitioner at the request of police officer)
• Section 53A CrPC (Examination of person accused
of rape by medical practitioner)
• Section 54 CrPC (Examination of arrested person by
medical practitioner at the request of the arrested
person)
47. MLC REPORTS FILLED LEGIBALY
AVOID SUPERLATIVES,ABBREVATIONS Etc.,
ALL RELEVANT DETAILS NOTED
SIGNATURE / NAME IN FULL CAPITAL LETTERS BELOW
ALL RELATED FORMS ARE LEGAL DOCUMENTS FILLED IN DUPLICATE
WITH MLC NUMBER AND DETAILS
ALL COULUMS COMPLETED
CONFIDENTIALITY MAINTAINED
NONJUDGEMENTALABOUT ANY CASE –DUTY IS TO EXAMINE THE PATIENT
AND DOCUMENT THE FINDINGS AND PATIENT MANAGEMENT.
THE ONUS OF FIXING RESPOSIBILITY OF GUILTY IS FOR THE COURT
SUMMARY