This document provides a summary of a social science presentation on drainage systems and rivers in India. It includes sections on the Himalayan rivers like the Indus, Ganges, and Brahmaputra rivers and their routes. It also discusses the peninsular rivers including the Narmada, Tapi, Godavari, Mahanadi, Krishna, and Kaveri rivers. There is also information on lakes, the role of rivers in the economy, comparisons between Himalayan and peninsular rivers, drainage patterns, river pollution causes and effects, and ways to reduce river pollution.

1. SOCIAL SCIENCE
presentation
BY- GROUP NO. 5
FOR- SUMANA MITRA DAS

2. MEMBERS!!!
❏ Shrushti Jain
❏ Somaya Upadhyay
❏ Vartika
❏ Vasundra Ranjanwal
❏ Vikanshu Sharma
❏ Yuvraj Ballarah

3. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
YUVRAJ - Editing & LAKES DATA
ShrushtI-Intro. DRAINAGE ,Role of rivers in the ECONOMY DATA
Vartika-The Peninsular Rivers DATA
Vasundhara-River Pollution DATA
VIKANSHU-The Himalayan Rivers DATA
SOMAYA - DRAINAGE SYSTEM IN INDIA DATA

4. DRAINAGE

5. DRAINAGE
DRAINAGE SYSTEM means river
system of a particular area . The
particular area that a river
system drains, is called as a
DRAINAGE BASIN . When a
mountain or an upland divides
two drainage basins , it is known
as a water divide .

7. H
I
M
A
L
A
Y
A
N
R
I
V
E
R
S

8. INDUS RIVER
THE INDUS SYSTEM IS ON OF THE
LARGEST RIVER BASIN IN THE WORLD
IT IS ALSO KNOWN AS THE SINDHU .
THE INDUS RIVER RISES NEAR THE
LAKE MANSAROVAR AND ENTERS IN
LADAKH DISTRICT OF JAMMU AND
KASHMIR . THE INDUS RECEIVES ITS
MOST NOTABLE TRIBUTES NEAR THE
EASTERN PUNJAB PLAIN THESE FIVE
RIVERS JHELUM , CHENAB , RAVI ,
BEAS AND SUTLEJ GIVE THE NAME
PUNJAB ( FIVE RIVERS ) TO THE
REGION DIVIDE BETWEEN INDIA AND
PAKISTAN . THE LENGTH OF INDUS
RIVER IS 2900 KM .THERE IS ONE
INTERESTING FACT ON THIS:THAT
THE INDIA WORD IS COME FROM
RIVER INDUS .

9. INDUS RIVER
ROUTE
INDUS RIVER
TRIBUTARIES

10. GANGES (GANGA)RIVER
THE GANGES OR GANGA IS A GREAT RIVER WHICH LIES IN THE NORTHERN PART OF
INDIAN SUBCONTINENT . THE HEADQUARTERS OF GANGA KNOWN AS BHAGIRATHI ARE
FED BY THE GANGOTRI GLACIER AND JOINED BY THE ALKANDA , AT DEVPRAYAG ,
UTTARAKHAND . THIS RIVER IS REGARDED AS SACRED BY HINDUS AND IT IS
WORSHIPED AS THE GODDESS GANGA MA OR “ MOTHER GANGES” . THE LENGTH OF
RIVER GANGA IS 2500 KM RIVER BRAHMAPUTRA JOINS IT FLOWS INTO BAY OF BENGAL .
THERE IS A FACT ON IT : IN EARLY 1800 S A TEST WAS CONDUCTED AND FOUND THAT
CHOLERA BACTERIUM CAN’T SURVIVE IN THE GANGA RIVER MORE THAN 3 HRS .

11. GANGA
RIVER
ROUTE
GANGA RIVER
INDO GIGANTIC

12. BRAHMAPUTRA RIVER
THE BRAHMAPUTRA VALLEY HAS
AN AVERAGE WIDTH OF 80 KM .
THIS RIVER ORIGINATES FROM THE
KAILASH RANGES OF HIMALAYAS
AT AN ELEVATION OF 5300 M
AFTER FLOWING THROUGH TIBET IT
ENTERS TO INDIA THROUGH
ANDHRA PRADESH AND FLOWS
THROUGH ASSAM AND
BANGLADESH BEFORE ENTERING
BAY OF BENGAL IT IS ALSO KNOWN
AS YARLUNG TSANGPO RIVER IN
TIBET

13. ROUTE OF RIVER
BRAHMAPUTRA

14. The peninsular rivers in India include the Mahanadi, Godavari, Krishna, Narmada,Kaveri,Tapi
and Luni . The main water divide in peninsular India is formed by Western ghats, which runs
from north to south close to western coast. Peninsula major rivers which are Mahanadi, the
Godavari,the Krishna and Kaveri flow eastwards and finally drain into the bay of Bengal
positioned between India and Sri Lanka in the west.These rivers make deltas at their mouth
.Many small streams flowing West of the western ghats .Only Narmada and Tapi are the long
rivers which flows from west and make the estuaries (a tidal mouth of a large ,river where the
tides meet the stream) . The drainage basin of peninsular river are comparatively small in SIZE.
PENINSULAR RIVERS

15. NARMADA
RIVER
The Narmada river,also called as Rewa is a
river in central India after the Godavari and
krishna.It is located in Madhya Pradesh. It
rises in Amarkantak hills in Madhya Pradesh
and flows towards west in a rift valley
formed due to faulting .Narmada creates
many picturesque (visually beautiful)
location on its way like 'marble rocks’ near
jabalpur where it flows through deep
gorge(a narrow valley between hills and
mountains,typically with steep rocky walls
and a stream running through it ) and
Dhuandhar falls . Narmada tributaries are
very short and most of these join the main
stream at the right angle.

16. TAPI RIVER
The Tapi river is a river in central India between Godavari and Narmada rivers
which flows westwards before draining into the Arabian sea. It rises in
Satpura ranges in Betul district of Madhya Pradesh . It flows in a rift valley
parallel to the Narmada but it is much shorter in length. It’s basin covers parts
of Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat and Maharashtra. As the coastal plains between
western ghats and the Arabian sea are very narrow,the coastal rivers are short
. The main west flowing rivers are Mahi, Periyar,Sabarmati and Bharathapuzha.

17. GODAVARI
RIVER
The Godavari is the largest peninsular
river . It is also known as 'Dakshin
Ganga’- the south Ganges. It rises from
the slopes of the western ghats in the
nasik district of Maharashtra and its
total length is 1500 km . It’s drainage
basin is also the largest among the
peninsular rivers. About 50 percent of
basin lies in Maharashtra, and it’s some
parts also lies in places like Madhya
Pradesh, Odisha and Andhra Pradesh.
The Godavari is formed by many
tributaries like Purna,the Wardha , the
Pranhita,the Manjra,the Wainganga
and the Penganga. The last three
tributaries.i.e.,Manjra, Wainganga and
the Penganga are very large.

18. MAHANADI RIVER
The Mahanadi is a major river in
East Central India. It drains an
area of around 141,600 square
km and has a total course of 858
km. It is also known as Hirakud
dam. The Mahanadi rises in the
highlands of Chattisgarh and
also flow through Odisha to
reach the Bay of Bengal . The
total length of river is about 860
km. It’s drainage basin is shared
the following places:
Maharashtra, Chattisgarh,
Jharkhand and Odisha.

19. KRISHNA RIVER
The Krishna river is the fourth
biggest river in term of water
inflows and also in river basin area
after Ganga, Godavari and
Brahmaputra. The river is almost
1,288 km long and also known as
krishnaveni . Rising from a spring
near Mahabaleshwar,the Krishna
river travels about 1400 km and
reaches the bay of Bengal. Some of
its tributaries are: Tungabhadra, the
koyana ,the Ghatprabha , the Musi,
the Bhima. It’s drainage basin is
shared by Maharashtra, Karnataka
and Andhra Pradesh

20. KAVERI
RIVER
The Kaveri river is the sacred river of
southern India . It rises at Talakaveri
on 5he western ghats and reaches
the bay of Bengal in South of
Cuddalore,in Tamil Nadu. It’s total
length is 760km . Kaveri’s main
tributaries are Amravati,
Bhavani,Hemavati and Kabini . It
drains regions like Karnataka, Kerala
and Tamil Nadu. The river makes the
second biggest waterfall in india ,
know as Sivasamudram.

22. LAKES
A Lake is a sizeable body of
(usually) fresh water that can
be either natural or man made
. Natural lake tend to be made
when river flow into basin in
the ground filling them up to
make a large body of water .
Man-made Lakes can be
occur due to digging - for
example quarry lakes form
when human dig quarries
deep into the ground.
.

23. HOW ARE THEY
BENEFICIAL?
➢ Lakes can be home to many
different species of fish, mammals
and plant life. They can be used for
boating, snorkelling, diving and
other water sports. Whether they
are of the natural or the man made
variety, lakes are typically places of
great biodiversity and this makes
them very important spots to take
care of.

24. ROLE
OF
RIVERS
IN
ECONOMY
1.RIVERS HAVE REMAINED IMPORTANT
THROUGH THE AGES .
2. THE AREAS ALONG THE BANKS OF RIVERS
HAVE WITNESSED GREAT CULTURAL AND
ECONOMIC PROGRESS SINCE ANCIENT TIMES.
3.RIVERS ARE INTEGRAL PARTS OF OUR
FOLKLORE AND FOLK SONGS.
4.RIVER WATER IS A BASIC NATURAL
RESOURCE.
5.RIVERS DEPOSIT ALLUVIAL SOIL , WHICH IS
ESSENTIAL FOR AGRICULTURE.
6. THE GANGA, KAVERI AND OTHER DETAILS
HAVE TRADITIONALLY BEEN THE RISE
GROWING AREAS.

25. COMPARISON BETWEEN!!!!
● the rivers are mostly permial :means
they have water throughout the year .
● these river Originate from glaciers .
● catchment area is very large .
● they engaged in high erosion activities
● useful in irrigation.
● eg . ganga , narmada , bhramaputra .
HIMALAYAN
RIVERS
● .the rivers are non - permial : means
they have no water throughout the year.
● these rivers originated from the plateaus
● catchment area is very small .
● engaged in low erosion activities .
● not very useful in irrigation
● eg . godavari , kaveri , mahanadi .
PENINSULAR RIVERS

26. the drainage patternes
and
features made by rivers
...

27. RIVER POLUTION
MANY TOWNS AND
FACTORIES BUILT NEAR THE
RIVERSO THEY CAN USE
WATER FROM THE RIVERS
BUT SOMETIME THEY DID
NOT CLEAN THE BEFORE
PUTTING IT BACK IN THE
RIVER THE DIRTING

28. MAIN CAUSES OF RIVER POPULATIONS
ARE;
● MARINE DUMPING
● INDUSTRIAL WASTE
● NUCLEAR WASTE
● OIL POLLUTION
● SEWAGE MAINLY FROM HOUSEHOLD
● UNDERGROUND STORAGE LEAKS

29. RIVER POLLUTION
EFFECTS ON
ENVIRONMENT
❖ TOXIC WATER
❖ THERMAL HEATING
❖ OUR SOURCES OF WATER

30. RIVER POLLUTION
EFFECTS ON HUMANS
❖drinking contaminated
water
❖swimming in polluted
water
❖ contact with chemicaly
polluted water.

31. BY FOLLOWING
THESE POINTS
WE CAN
REDUCE RIVER
POLLUTION
❏ BE CAUTIOUS OF WHAT YOU ARE
POURING IN YOUR SINK AND FLUSH .
❏ PARTICIPATE IN RIVER CLEANING .
❏ JOIN THE SPECIAL SOCIETY
DEVOTED TO THE PREVENTION OF
RIVER POLLUTION .
❏ SPREAD AWARENESS .