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Human Development Altered
- 1. Human Development Altered Advanced General Psychology: PSY 492 Professor Mary Viventi Submitted by Mary Skinner February 26, 2010
Editor's Notes
- Freud: Stage 1 – Oral (ages 0 to 1): The infant learns on his/her own to satisfy hunger, through oral behavior (i.e. sucking, weaning). Stage 2 – Anal (ages 2 to 3): Toilet training is introduced, which promotes orderliness or chaos. Stage 3 – Phallic (ages 4 to 5): Genitals are in focus with the Oedipus complex, which entails the need for a mother’s affection (for boys). This may promote vanity and/or irresponsibility. Stage 5 – Latency (ages 6 to 12): Defense mechanisms are triggered in this almost dormant stage of development. Stage 6 – Genital (ages 13 to 18): Genitals are in focus again as the person approaches sexual intimacy. Depending on when such an intimacy occurs will depend on how the individual will have later thoughts of sexuality. Erikson: Stage 1 – Trust versus Mistrust (ages 0 to 1): resolved with sense of safety or insecurity. Stage 2 – Autonomy versus Self-doubt (ages 1 to 3): resolved with self confidence and making things happen or loss of control of events. Stage 3 – Initiative versus Guilt (ages 3 to 6): resolved with confidence in being the initiator or lack of self-worth. Stage 4 – Competence versus Inferiority (ages 6 to puberty): resolved acquires good social skills or feels failure. Stage 5 – Identity versus Role Confusion (adolescence): resolved comfort in self or confused sense of self. Stage 6 – Intimacy versus Isolation (early adulthood): resolved with positive intimacy and closeness or loneliness. Stage 7 - Generativity versus Stagnation (middle adulthood): resolved with concern for family, society and the hope for future generation or stays within themselves and lacks interest for future. Stage 8 – Ego versus Integrity (late adulthood): resolved with a sense of satisfaction whit their lives or feelings of pity and disappointment. Could it be possible to avoid the negativity of latter years by addressing such an identity crisis?
- Human nature: phenomenon of our innate abilities The most argued issue in human development is nature versus nurture. Altering our negative experiences to positive, we would have to start with the nurture aspect, our parents. Parental support is vital in a newborn to experience trust. Fostering good habits from one generation to the next. Religious backgrounds can play a role in these developments.
- Erikson and Maslow made an addendum to their theories, which give a spiritual flow to it. Spirituality can be set apart from religion .
- positive path of generativity negative path of stagnation, or self-absorption ; the stagnation path will dismiss integrity Gereotranscendence is defined as creating a change in ones life, from materials to a more immense, uplifting, and transcendent one . Maslow’s eighth stage: spirituality as a need for more cosmic identification
- Peper Harow, a school for delinquent boys able to establish a life with positive influences, which focused on psychotherapeutic or educational growth if we can avoid mistrust issues at infancy such youngsters as we see in Peper Harow, may not have ended up there A number of boys from Peper Harow did indeed continue onto colleges and became model citizens
- Comparing the eighth stage of Erikson and Maslow. do not dismiss these spiritual gifts