Dr. William Allan Kritsonis earned his BA in 1969 from Central Washington University, Ellensburg, Washington. In 1971, he earned his M.Ed. from Seattle Pacific University. In 1976, he earned his PhD from the University of Iowa. In 1981, he was a Visiting Scholar at Teachers College, Columbia University, New York, and in 1987 was a Visiting Scholar at Stanford University, Palo Alto, California.

1. APA References and Citations (All Double Spaced)
Dr. Mary Alice Kritsonis
National FORUM Online Editor
National Research and Manuscript Preparation Editor
National FORUM Journals (www.nationalforum.com)
Book
Kritsonis, W. A. (2005). Philosophy of education. Houston, TX: National FORUM Press. (Reference)
(Kritsonis, 2005) or (Kritsonis, 2005, p. 16) (Citation-use page numbers with a direct quote; if no
author is given, place title in the author position.)
Later Edition of a Book
Kritsonis, W. A. (2007). Philosophy of education (3rd ed.). Houston, TX: National FORUM Press. (Reference)
(Kritsonis, 2007) (Citation)
Only Part of a Book
Smith, J. A., & Cole, S. R. (2005). Inclusion classes in middle schools. In W. A. Kritsonis (Ed.), William Kritsonis,
PhD on schooling (pp. 130-142). Houston, TX: National FORUM Press. (Reference)
(Smith & Cole, 2005) (Citation)
Entry in an Encyclopedia
Kritsonis, W. A. (1993). Reading. In The new encyclopedia Britannica (Vol.26, pp. 501-508). Chicago, IL:
Encyclopedia Britannica. (Reference)
(Kritsonis, 1993) (Citation)
Journal or Magazine
Kritsonis, W. A., Smith, T., Hill, M. A., Abbey, S. E., Frank, R., Power, C. D., . . . Brown, A. (2007). National
implications: Discipline in schools. National FORUM of Educational Administration and Supervision Journal,
6(1), 12-16. doi:10.1080/135790012345678269 (Reference-more than 7 authors & use digital object identifier
when available. Found near copyright information on first page of online journal article)
(Kritsonis et al., 2007) (Citation)
Citation of a Work Discussed in a Secondary Source
Kritsonis, W. A. (2007). Models of special education. National FORUM of Special Education, 6(1), 2-8. (Reference)
In Blackbourn’s study (as cited in Kritsonis, 2007), (Citation)
Newspaper
Kritsonis, W. A. (2007, February 3). School discipline. Houston Chronicle, p. A4. (Reference)
(Kritsonis, 2007) (Citation)
Paper Presentation
Kritsonis, W. A. (2003, January). Supervision of teachers. Paper presented at the National Council of Professors of
Educational Administration, Flagstaff, AZ. (Reference)
(Kritsonis, 2003) (Citation)
Doctoral Dissertation Abstracted in DAI and Obtained from UMI
Kritsonis, W. A. (1976). A study of supreme and district court decisions. Dissertation Abstracts International:
Section A. Humanities and Social Sciences, 59(5), 1635. (UMI No. 9876543) (Reference)
(Kritsonis, 1976) (Citation)

2. Doctoral Dissertation Abstracted in DAI and Obtained from the University
Kritsonis, W. A. (1976). A study of supreme and district court decisions (Doctoral dissertation, University of Iowa,
1976). Dissertation Abstracts International: Section A. Humanities and Social Sciences, 59(5), 1635. (Reference)
(Kritsonis, 1976) (Citation)
Doctoral Dissertation from an Institutional Database
Kritsonis, W. A. (1976). A study of supreme and district court decisions (Doctoral dissertation). Retrieved from
http://www.iowalink.edu/etd/ (Reference)
(Kritsonis, 1976) (Citation)
Master’s Thesis from a Commercial Database
Kritsonis, W. A. (1971). A study of district court decisions on the non-renewal of professional contracts (Master’s
thesis). Available from ProQuest Dissertations and Theses database. (UMI No. 1234567) (Reference)
(Kritsonis, 1971) (Citation)
Unpublished Dissertation or Thesis
Kritsonis, W. A. (1971). Principals motivating reading teachers (Unpublished master’s thesis). Seattle Pacific
University, Seattle, WA. (Reference)
(Kritsonis, 1971) (Citation)
Government and Legal Documents
U. S. Department of Education. (2003). No child left behind. (DOE Publication No. 234/4-90/05). Washington, DC:
Author. (Reference-when the author and publisher are the same, use the word Author as the publisher. If a
different publisher, use the publisher’s name.)
(U. S. Department of Education [DOE], 2003) (Citation)
Pamphlet or Brochure
Research and Training of School Leaders (2004). Guidelines for training school leaders (4th ed.) [Brochure].
Houston, TX: Author. (Reference)
(Research and Training School Leaders, 2004) (Citation)
Online Journal or Magazine
Kritsonis, W. A. (2007). Assessment of principals of special education schools. National FORUM of Special
Education, 10(1), 12-14. Retrieved from http://www.nationalforum.com (Reference- use DOI instead of URL
if available)
(Kritsonis, 2007) (Citation)
Report from Educational Resources Information (ERIC)
Kritsonis, W. A. (1992). Teachers’ perceptions of ADHD (Report No. NCRTL-RR-96-3). East Lansing, MI: National
Center for Research on Teacher Learning. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED 3456082) (Reference)
(Kritsonis, 1992) (Citation)
Online Encyclopedia
Schools in America. (2005). In Encyclopedia Britannica online. Retrieved from http://www.britannica.com
(Reference-no author)
(Schools in America, 2005) (Citation)
Online Government Publication
U. S. Department of Education. (2003, January 11). State teacher salary fact sheet (NIH Publication No. 03-1234).
Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/education_2003/factsheets/factsheet_teachersalary.htm (Reference)
(U.S. Department of Education {USDOE}, 2003) (Citation)
American Psychological Association. (2010). Publication manual of the American
Psychological Association (6th ed.). Washington, DC: Author.

3. APA Direct Quotations (Double Spaced)
A Direct Quote of Fewer Than 40 Words
President Obama said, “We need to look forward as opposed to looking backwards” (2009, p. 5).
A Direct Quote of 40 Words or More
According to James (1902),
Let no youth have any anxiety about the upshot (conclusion) of his education, whatever
the line of it may be. If he keeps faithfully busy each hour of the working day, he may
safely leave the final result to itself. He can, with perfect certainty, count on waking up
some fine morning to find himself one of the competent ones of his generation, in
whatever pursuit he may have singled out. (pp. 5-6)
James said,
Let no youth have any anxiety about the upshot (conclusion) of his education, whatever
the line of it may be. If he keeps faithfully busy each hour of the working day, he may
safely leave the final result to itself. He can, with perfect certainty, count on waking up
some fine morning to find himself one of the competent ones of his generation, in
whatever pursuit he may have singled out. (1902, pp. 5-6)
American Psychological Association. (2010). Publication manual of the American
Psychological Association (6th ed.). Washington, DC: Author.