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WOMEN HEALTH
ISSUES
Dr Maryam Alam Khan
• Breast cancer
• Cervical cancer
• Anal fissure and hemorrhoids
• Reproductive Health
• Nutrition
• Psychiatric problems and drugs
• Osteoporosis
• Diabetes, heart disease and HTN
Statistics
• Global burden rises to 14.1 million new cases and 8.2 million
cancer deaths in 2012!
• 34.6% of female cancers in Pakistan!
• 1 in 9 women!
Risks for Breast Cancer
• Family history of malignancies
• Early Menarche Late menopause
• Nulli parity
• Having children in later age
• Estrogen therapy/ OCP/HRT
• Lack of breast feeding
• Genetics
• Obesity and lack of exercise
• Smoking and alcohol
• Radiation history
• Xenoestrogens!
• Sleep!
Sleep…and breast cancer risk
• Hormone of sleep--melatonin
• Immune booster, decreases circulating sex hormones
(estrogen, progesterone, and testosterone)
• Breast cancer is less common in women who sleep > 9
Hrs / night than in women who sleep less.
• Women who consistently sleep more than 9 hours/night
have less than 1/3rd the risk of developing a breast tumor
than women who sleep 7 or 8 hours per night
• Women who work shifts have a 50% increase in breast
cancer (same with men and prostate cancer and
shiftwork)
(Cancer Research, October 15, 2005)
MYTH BUSTERS!!
• Abortion
• Under wire Bras
• Deodorants
• Fertility treatments
• Folic acid (folate)
• Viruses
SELF BREAST EXAMINATION
CERVICAL CANCER
RISK FACTORS
• cervical cancer is the fourth most
common cancer affecting women
worldwide (after breast, colorectal,
and lung cancers)
• HPV 16 and HPV 18
Screening: the PAP smear
Age group (years)
Frequency of
screening
25 First invitation
25 - 49 3 yearly
50 - 64 5 yearly
65+
Only screen those
who have not
been screened
since age 50 or
have had recent
abnormal tests
ANAL FISSURE AND HEMORRHOIDS
CAUSES
• Constipation!!!!!!!
• Low fiber diet!
• Prolonged straining!
• Meat!
• Pickles and spices!
• Pulses!
PREVENTION AND
TREATMENT
• Lifestyle modification
• Medications
• Surgery
REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH
EARLY
MARRIAGES!
• Psychological issues
• STDs and cervical cancer
• Pregnancy and nutritional
problems
• Childbirth : VVF
• Incompetent mothers
LATE MARRIAGE
• Down’s syndrome!
• Weak bones
• Co morbidities
• Mother hood potentials
FAMILY PLANNING
• Reduce health burden
• Decreased abortions
• Reduce financial burden
• Focus one child at a time
• Population control
METHODS
PREGNANCY
• Regular check ups!
• Proper diet
• Multi vitamins
• Back ache and relation to spinal anesthesia!!!!
INFERTILITY
• Male vs female infertility
Causes of Female Infertility
• Ovulation problems
• Poly cystic ovaries
• Endometriosis
• Tubal problems(PID)
• Fibroids
Methods to Conceive
• Medical
• Surgical
• Male partner
• IVF (in vitro fertilization)
• GIFT (Gamete intra fallopian transfer)
• ICSI (intra cytoplasmic sperm injection)
• Choosing Sex= Male child!?
SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASE
• Chlymadia
• Gonorrhea
• Syphillis
• Hepatitis B/C
• Scabies
• Trichomoniasis
• Herpes
• HPV
• HIV/AIDS
• Honeymoon cystitis
PSYCHIATRIC PROBLEMS AND DRUGS
• Depression !
• Pre Menstrual Syndrome
• Obsessive Compulsive Syndrome
Treatmentsfor PMS & PMDD
• Lifestyle changes and psychosocial interventions
(no controlled trials)
• Dietary modifications (reduce refined sugars, caffeine,
salt, alcohol), Exercise, ,Stress management, Cognitive
Psychotherapy, Relaxation training, Group therapy,
Charting symptoms
• Vitamins and nutritional supplements
• Calcium, Linoleic acid (Evening primrose oil),
Pyridoxine (Vit. B6)-limited evidence, mixed results
• Bright light, Sleep deprivation
Parry et al (1987, 1989, 1993, 1995)
ANOREXIA NERVOSA
An eating disorder causing people to obsess about weight and what they eat.
BULLIMIA NERVOSA
• A serious eating disorder
marked by binging,
followed by methods to
avoid weight gain
• potentially life-
threatening eating
disorder.
• Treatments include
counseling, medications,
and nutrition education
CHRONIC DISEASES!
• OSTEOPOROSIS
• ARTHRITIS
• DIABETES
• HYPERTENSION
• HEART DISEASE
CONTACT INFORMATION
• Drmaryamalamkhan@gmail.com
• Surgical E Ward, Khyber Teaching Hospital
• Thursday and Saturday OPD
• 10:30am -1:00pm

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Dr maryam

  • 2.
  • 3. • Breast cancer • Cervical cancer • Anal fissure and hemorrhoids • Reproductive Health • Nutrition • Psychiatric problems and drugs • Osteoporosis • Diabetes, heart disease and HTN
  • 4.
  • 5. Statistics • Global burden rises to 14.1 million new cases and 8.2 million cancer deaths in 2012! • 34.6% of female cancers in Pakistan! • 1 in 9 women!
  • 6. Risks for Breast Cancer • Family history of malignancies • Early Menarche Late menopause • Nulli parity • Having children in later age • Estrogen therapy/ OCP/HRT • Lack of breast feeding • Genetics • Obesity and lack of exercise • Smoking and alcohol • Radiation history • Xenoestrogens! • Sleep!
  • 7. Sleep…and breast cancer risk • Hormone of sleep--melatonin • Immune booster, decreases circulating sex hormones (estrogen, progesterone, and testosterone) • Breast cancer is less common in women who sleep > 9 Hrs / night than in women who sleep less. • Women who consistently sleep more than 9 hours/night have less than 1/3rd the risk of developing a breast tumor than women who sleep 7 or 8 hours per night • Women who work shifts have a 50% increase in breast cancer (same with men and prostate cancer and shiftwork) (Cancer Research, October 15, 2005)
  • 8. MYTH BUSTERS!! • Abortion • Under wire Bras • Deodorants • Fertility treatments • Folic acid (folate) • Viruses
  • 9.
  • 10.
  • 13. RISK FACTORS • cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer affecting women worldwide (after breast, colorectal, and lung cancers) • HPV 16 and HPV 18
  • 14. Screening: the PAP smear Age group (years) Frequency of screening 25 First invitation 25 - 49 3 yearly 50 - 64 5 yearly 65+ Only screen those who have not been screened since age 50 or have had recent abnormal tests
  • 15. ANAL FISSURE AND HEMORRHOIDS
  • 16. CAUSES • Constipation!!!!!!! • Low fiber diet! • Prolonged straining! • Meat! • Pickles and spices! • Pulses!
  • 17. PREVENTION AND TREATMENT • Lifestyle modification • Medications • Surgery
  • 19. EARLY MARRIAGES! • Psychological issues • STDs and cervical cancer • Pregnancy and nutritional problems • Childbirth : VVF • Incompetent mothers
  • 20. LATE MARRIAGE • Down’s syndrome! • Weak bones • Co morbidities • Mother hood potentials
  • 21. FAMILY PLANNING • Reduce health burden • Decreased abortions • Reduce financial burden • Focus one child at a time • Population control
  • 23. PREGNANCY • Regular check ups! • Proper diet • Multi vitamins • Back ache and relation to spinal anesthesia!!!!
  • 24. INFERTILITY • Male vs female infertility
  • 25. Causes of Female Infertility • Ovulation problems • Poly cystic ovaries • Endometriosis • Tubal problems(PID) • Fibroids
  • 26. Methods to Conceive • Medical • Surgical • Male partner • IVF (in vitro fertilization) • GIFT (Gamete intra fallopian transfer) • ICSI (intra cytoplasmic sperm injection) • Choosing Sex= Male child!?
  • 27. SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASE • Chlymadia • Gonorrhea • Syphillis • Hepatitis B/C • Scabies • Trichomoniasis • Herpes • HPV • HIV/AIDS • Honeymoon cystitis
  • 29. • Depression ! • Pre Menstrual Syndrome • Obsessive Compulsive Syndrome
  • 30. Treatmentsfor PMS & PMDD • Lifestyle changes and psychosocial interventions (no controlled trials) • Dietary modifications (reduce refined sugars, caffeine, salt, alcohol), Exercise, ,Stress management, Cognitive Psychotherapy, Relaxation training, Group therapy, Charting symptoms • Vitamins and nutritional supplements • Calcium, Linoleic acid (Evening primrose oil), Pyridoxine (Vit. B6)-limited evidence, mixed results • Bright light, Sleep deprivation Parry et al (1987, 1989, 1993, 1995)
  • 31. ANOREXIA NERVOSA An eating disorder causing people to obsess about weight and what they eat.
  • 32. BULLIMIA NERVOSA • A serious eating disorder marked by binging, followed by methods to avoid weight gain • potentially life- threatening eating disorder. • Treatments include counseling, medications, and nutrition education
  • 33. CHRONIC DISEASES! • OSTEOPOROSIS • ARTHRITIS • DIABETES • HYPERTENSION • HEART DISEASE
  • 34.
  • 35. CONTACT INFORMATION • Drmaryamalamkhan@gmail.com • Surgical E Ward, Khyber Teaching Hospital • Thursday and Saturday OPD • 10:30am -1:00pm