The summary of Dr. Manasi Nandi's presentation from the Jun 11-12th 2019 event Data-driven systems medicine at Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre.
Computed tomography (CT) scanning uses X-rays and computer technology to create cross-sectional images of the body. Godfrey Hounsfield invented the first CT scanner in 1971, which used X-rays to image internal organs without having to use invasive procedures. CT scanning provides more detailed images than standard X-rays and can detect many abnormalities, but does expose patients to small amounts of radiation.
Computed tomography (CT) scanning uses X-rays and computer technology to create cross-sectional images of the body. Sir Godfrey Hounsfield invented the first commercially successful CT scanner in 1971. CT scanning provides clearer images than traditional X-rays and can detect many abnormalities, but does expose patients to small amounts of radiation.
1) Echocardiography allows me to apply my knowledge of anatomy and physiology to help diagnose heart conditions in a non-invasive manner. 2) I am drawn to its technology aspects and how ultrasound imaging has advanced our understanding of cardiovascular diseases. 3) It is a growing field with job opportunities, and I want to provide valuable diagnostic information to cardiologists and improve patient care.
The Evolution of Wireless Monitoring in The Life Sciences and Review of Indus...InsideScientific
Biotelemetry is without a doubt the preferred approach for obtaining physiological measurements from animal research models in the fields of physiology, pathophysiology, pharmacology, drug discovery, and drug safety assessment. Naturally, the increase in application and availability of wireless measurement devices has fostered new research previously impossible, and motivated the works of many confirming the benefits of implantable telemetry over tethered and restrained animal models. This new era in implantable telemetry, where competition is more the rule than the exception, will drive down costs and expand the range of applications in life science research. During this opening webseries lecture, Brian Brockway will review the evolution of wireless technology and provide insight in to new possibilities based on recent innovations in the market place. Following, Dr. Robert Hamlin will provide an in-depth review of wireless monitoring practices in physiology, drug-discovery, and safety pharmacology and toxicology and discuss current industry standards for testing new therapeutic entities through wireless collection of blood pressure, blood flow, respiratory function, and ECG measurements.
Diagnostic imaging modalities play an important role in physical therapy. Rehab doctors need to understand medical imaging to make informed treatment decisions and assess patient progress or complications. The summary discusses several common imaging modalities:
- Radiography provides static bone images but has limitations. CT and MRI produce cross-sectional "slices" and are better for soft tissue. CT uses ionizing radiation while MRI uses magnetic fields.
- Ultrasound uses soundwaves to image soft tissues. Nuclear imaging involves radioactive tracers to assess bone or joint function and disease activity. Each modality has advantages and limitations for different clinical purposes. Physical therapists should be familiar with common indications to select the appropriate imaging study.
Overview on the project's aim, methodologies and results, potential applications include telemedicine as well as automated diagnosis via machine learning
This document provides an overview of neuroimaging techniques used in psychiatry. It discusses the types and principles of structural neuroimaging like CT and MRI. CT provides visualization of brain morphology while MRI also allows evaluation of biochemical processes through techniques like fMRI. The document outlines indications for neuroimaging in psychiatric evaluation and research to study clinically defined patient groups and brain activity during tasks. It provides details on the basic principles and anatomical images of CT and MRI to interpret neuroimaging findings.
sustainable capacity building Utilization of Advancements in Medical Technolo...biodun olusesi
This document discusses the role of resident doctors in utilizing and staying immersed in new advances in medical technology. It notes that medical technology is continuously evolving and affecting all areas of medicine. The role of resident doctors is to both utilize current technology and stay informed about future advances in order to provide the best possible care for patients.
Computed tomography (CT) scanning uses X-rays and computer technology to create cross-sectional images of the body. Godfrey Hounsfield invented the first CT scanner in 1971, which used X-rays to image internal organs without having to use invasive procedures. CT scanning provides more detailed images than standard X-rays and can detect many abnormalities, but does expose patients to small amounts of radiation.
Computed tomography (CT) scanning uses X-rays and computer technology to create cross-sectional images of the body. Sir Godfrey Hounsfield invented the first commercially successful CT scanner in 1971. CT scanning provides clearer images than traditional X-rays and can detect many abnormalities, but does expose patients to small amounts of radiation.
1) Echocardiography allows me to apply my knowledge of anatomy and physiology to help diagnose heart conditions in a non-invasive manner. 2) I am drawn to its technology aspects and how ultrasound imaging has advanced our understanding of cardiovascular diseases. 3) It is a growing field with job opportunities, and I want to provide valuable diagnostic information to cardiologists and improve patient care.
The Evolution of Wireless Monitoring in The Life Sciences and Review of Indus...InsideScientific
Biotelemetry is without a doubt the preferred approach for obtaining physiological measurements from animal research models in the fields of physiology, pathophysiology, pharmacology, drug discovery, and drug safety assessment. Naturally, the increase in application and availability of wireless measurement devices has fostered new research previously impossible, and motivated the works of many confirming the benefits of implantable telemetry over tethered and restrained animal models. This new era in implantable telemetry, where competition is more the rule than the exception, will drive down costs and expand the range of applications in life science research. During this opening webseries lecture, Brian Brockway will review the evolution of wireless technology and provide insight in to new possibilities based on recent innovations in the market place. Following, Dr. Robert Hamlin will provide an in-depth review of wireless monitoring practices in physiology, drug-discovery, and safety pharmacology and toxicology and discuss current industry standards for testing new therapeutic entities through wireless collection of blood pressure, blood flow, respiratory function, and ECG measurements.
Diagnostic imaging modalities play an important role in physical therapy. Rehab doctors need to understand medical imaging to make informed treatment decisions and assess patient progress or complications. The summary discusses several common imaging modalities:
- Radiography provides static bone images but has limitations. CT and MRI produce cross-sectional "slices" and are better for soft tissue. CT uses ionizing radiation while MRI uses magnetic fields.
- Ultrasound uses soundwaves to image soft tissues. Nuclear imaging involves radioactive tracers to assess bone or joint function and disease activity. Each modality has advantages and limitations for different clinical purposes. Physical therapists should be familiar with common indications to select the appropriate imaging study.
Overview on the project's aim, methodologies and results, potential applications include telemedicine as well as automated diagnosis via machine learning
This document provides an overview of neuroimaging techniques used in psychiatry. It discusses the types and principles of structural neuroimaging like CT and MRI. CT provides visualization of brain morphology while MRI also allows evaluation of biochemical processes through techniques like fMRI. The document outlines indications for neuroimaging in psychiatric evaluation and research to study clinically defined patient groups and brain activity during tasks. It provides details on the basic principles and anatomical images of CT and MRI to interpret neuroimaging findings.
sustainable capacity building Utilization of Advancements in Medical Technolo...biodun olusesi
This document discusses the role of resident doctors in utilizing and staying immersed in new advances in medical technology. It notes that medical technology is continuously evolving and affecting all areas of medicine. The role of resident doctors is to both utilize current technology and stay informed about future advances in order to provide the best possible care for patients.
This document provides an overview of intensive care monitoring systems. It defines monitoring as repeated observations of a patient's physiological functions and life support equipment to guide treatment decisions. It discusses the history of vital sign measurements and various types of monitoring systems, including respiratory monitoring methods like pulse oximetry and transcutaneous monitoring, and cardiovascular monitoring like ECG, blood pressure, and cardiac output monitoring. Computers are now widely used in intensive care to acquire, store, analyze, and report physiological data from multiple sources to guide patient care.
This document discusses advances in medical devices and electronics over the past 100 years. It begins by describing three important existing technologies from 100 years ago - the stethoscope, electrocardiography, and X-rays. Over the following century, diagnostic devices became more quantitative through technologies like the phonocardiogram and electrocardiograph. Therapeutic devices also advanced, with developments in cardiac pacing and imaging allowing for minimally invasive procedures. The future promises further integration of devices and electronic health records to improve global healthcare access.
Telemetry monitoring allows cardiac patients to move freely while their heart is monitored. It is used for patients who need continuous EKG monitoring but do not require intensive care. A diagnostic information system can aggregate over 5,000 different patient test results into a standardized, easy to read format. This increases efficiency and accuracy of patient care. Mechanical ventilators deliver gas into a patient's airways to support breathing. Modes include time cycled, volume cycled and flow cycled ventilation. Intensive care units aim to reduce stress and promote recovery through factors like natural lighting, family involvement and reduced noise.
This document discusses various organ scans including brain, pulmonary, and cardiac scans. It provides details on the radiotracers and imaging techniques used for each type of scan. Brain scans use 99mTc-pertechnetate to image areas where the blood-brain barrier is disrupted. Pulmonary scans include ventilation and perfusion scans to evaluate lung function and diagnose issues like pulmonary embolism. Cardiac scans use radiotracers like 99mTc-sestamibi that are taken up by the heart muscle to image cardiac function.
The document discusses medical ultrasound imaging. It provides an overview of how ultrasound works by emitting sound waves and detecting reflections. It compares ultrasound to x-rays and outlines the history of ultrasound from its discovery in the late 18th century to its first medical use in 1942. The document describes various medical applications of ultrasound today including viewing soft tissues and fetuses. It also discusses the current state of 3D/4D ultrasound and technologies like color imaging and telesonography.
Ultrasound uses high-frequency sound waves to produce images of the inside of the body. It can be used to examine many different organs and tissues, providing real-time images of both structure and function. The document discusses key aspects of ultrasound such as the different display modes including A-mode, B-mode, and M-mode. It also covers topics like how ultrasound works, its use in medical applications, safety, and important terminology.
This document describes a study using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) to examine long-term cerebrovascular changes in response to voluntary exercise in rats. 14 rats were assigned to either an exercise or control group. SD-OCT scanning was performed under anesthesia to image the motor cortex at high resolution before and after inducing hypoxia, allowing non-invasive longitudinal assessment. Histology will also be performed and compared to SD-OCT. The results will help explore exercise-induced cerebrovascular plasticity and validate SD-OCT for mapping vascular changes over time.
Ultrasound assisted thrombolysis for vte turkish experienceuvcd
This document summarizes the key findings from several studies on using ultrasound-accelerated thrombolysis to treat pulmonary embolism and deep vein thrombosis. The ULTIMA trial found that low-dose catheter-directed ultrasound-accelerated thrombolysis was superior to anticoagulation alone in reversing right ventricular dysfunction in pulmonary embolism patients. The SEATTLE II study aimed to evaluate this technique for submassive and massive pulmonary embolism. A single-center retrospective review of 106 patients treated for chronic deep vein thrombosis found that over 90% reported significant symptom improvement and ultrasound follow-up showed high patency rates over time. The mechanism of action is that ultrasound energy exposes plasminogen receptor sites and increases
Very High Resolution Ultrasound Imaging for Real-Time Quantitative Visualizat...Dr Reaz Vawda, MSc PhD
This study evaluated the use of very high resolution ultrasound (VHRUS) to image vascular disruption in a rat model of spinal cord injury (SCI). VHRUS was able to accurately depict the normal anatomy of the intact spinal cord as well as changes after SCI, including the development of hemorrhage. There was strong correlation between VHRUS measurements of hemorrhage and quantitative measures of hemorrhage and vascular disruption. Time-lapse VHRUS videos demonstrated the evolution of hemorrhage over time, showing it first appearing in new areas around the injury before expanding into the surrounding parenchyma. This suggests VHRUS could be a useful non-invasive tool for longitudinally assessing vascular changes following SCI.
This research article evaluated the diagnostic power of cardiac MRI to detect pulmonary hypertension in patients pre-selected by echocardiography. Fifty-six patients suspected of pulmonary hypertension based on echocardiography underwent right heart catheterization and cardiac MRI. The study extracted various MRI parameters proposed in previous studies as surrogates for pulmonary arterial pressure. Multivariate regression analysis identified right ventricle ejection fraction and pulmonary trunk minimum area as predictors of mean pulmonary arterial pressure, with an r-squared value of 0.5. However, the limits of agreement between MRI-predicted and catheterization-measured pressures were too wide. MRI was able to distinguish patients with normal and elevated pressures, achieving a specificity of 80% for detecting pulmonary hypertension at
The document discusses various medical imaging techniques, including their basic mechanisms and applications. Plain x-rays use x-ray beams to generate images based on tissue density. Computed tomography (CT) uses x-ray beams and computer processing to create cross-sectional images of the body. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) uses magnetic fields and radiofrequency pulses to generate images of anatomical structures without using ionizing radiation. Nuclear medicine techniques involve injecting radioactive tracers and using gamma cameras to assess organ function.
The document provides a historical overview of computed tomography (CT) scanning. It describes how CT scanning was developed in the 1970s by Godfrey Hounsfield and Allan Cormack, who were later awarded the Nobel Prize. It outlines the key events in the development of CT technology, from the early prototype scanners to modern multi-detector CT machines. The document also discusses the impact of CT scanning in medical imaging and different scan types like spiral CT.
The document provides a historical overview of computed tomography (CT) scanning. It describes how CT scanning was developed in the 1970s by Godfrey Hounsfield and Allan Cormack, who were later awarded the Nobel Prize. It outlines the key events in the development of CT technology, including the creation of the first CT scanner by Hounsfield in 1971 and its introduction to medical use. It also summarizes the different generations of CT scanners and how they have improved imaging capabilities over time.
The document provides a historical overview of computed tomography (CT) scanning. It describes how CT scanning was developed in the 1970s by Godfrey Hounsfield and Allan Cormack, who were later awarded the Nobel Prize. It outlines the key events in the development of CT technology, including the creation of the first CT scanner by Hounsfield in 1971 and the introduction of multi-detector CT scanners. The document also discusses the impact of CT scanning in medical imaging and different types of CT scans.
This document provides an overview of basic diagnostic methods used in medicine, organized into categories. Biochemical methods include blood and other fluid tests to evaluate levels of substances like glucose, enzymes, and minerals. Physical examination methods involve auscultation, percussion, palpation and measuring vitals. Electrical methods record signals from the body like ECG, EEG, EMG. Optical methods use microscopes and endoscopes. Ultrasound uses sound waves to create images. X-rays produce images using radiation. Nuclear medicine techniques involve radioactive tracers. MRI uses magnetic fields and radio waves to generate very detailed images without radiation. The document describes several techniques within each category at a high level.
Can brain atrophy measurement help us in monitoring MS progression in routine...MS Trust
This presentation by Dana Horáková, Department of Neurology and Centre of Clinical Neuroscience at the Charles University in Prague, looks at why and how we should measure brain atrophy.
It was presented at the MS Trust Annual Conference in November 2014.
Ultrasound uses high-frequency sound waves to image inside the body. It has several main parts including a transducer probe that sends and receives sound waves. There are different imaging modes like B-mode which provides two-dimensional cross-sectional images and Doppler which evaluates blood flow velocity. Ultrasound is widely used in areas like obstetrics to monitor fetuses and cardiology to examine the heart. It has benefits of being non-invasive, portable, and having no long-term side effects.
The utility of 18F-fluorocholine PET/CT in the imaging of parathyroid adenomasNukleer Tıp Uzmanı
Introduction:
The aim of the study was to estimate the sensitivity of 18F-FCH PET/CT in preoperative localisation of hyperfunctioning parathyroid glands in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT).
Material and methods:
Sixty-five consecutive patients with PHPT, who underwent neck ultrasound (US) and 99mTc/99mTc-MIBI dual-phase parathyroid scintigraphy, were prospectively enrolled. Twenty-two patients had unsuccessful parathyroid surgery prior to the study. PET/CT scans were performed 65.0 ± 13.3 min after injection of 218.5 ± 31.9 MBq of 18F-fluorocholine (FCH). Three experienced nuclear medicine physicians assessed the detection rate of hyperfunctioning parathyroid tissue. Response to parathyroidectomy and clinical follow-up served as a reference test. Per-patient sensitivity and positive predictive value (PPV) were calculated for patients who underwent surgery.
Results:
18F-FCH PET/CT was positive in 61 patients, and negative in 4. US and parathyroid scintigraphy showed positive and negative results in 20, 45 and 17, 48, respectively. US showed nodular goitre in 31 patients and chronic thyroiditis in 9 patients. Parathyroid surgery was performed in 43 (66%) patients. 18F-FCH PET/CT yielded a sensitivity of 100% (95% CI: 87.99–100) and PPV of 85.7% (95% CI: 70.77–94.06). Similar values were observed in patients with chronic thyroiditis, nodular goitre, and patients after an unsuccessful parathyroid surgery. PET/CT identified hyperparathyroidism complications (kidney stones, osteoporotic bone fractures, and brown tumours) in 11 patients.
Conclusions:
18F-FCH PET/CT effectively detected hyperfunctioning parathyroid tissue and its complications. The method showed excellent sensitivity and positive predictive value, including patients with nodular goitre, chronic thyroiditis, and prior unsuccessful parathyroidectomy. PET/CT performance was superior to neck ultrasound and parathyroid scintigraphy.
18F-FCH PET/CT; fluorocholine; hyperparathyroidism; parathyroid imaging
CT scans use X-rays to create cross-sectional images of the body. Sir Godfrey Hounsfield developed the first CT scanner in 1972 and won a Nobel Prize for it. A CT scan works by taking multiple X-ray images from different angles and using computer processing to turn them into pictures of slices of the body. CT scans are useful for imaging bone, detecting acute changes like bleeding, and evaluating head injuries.
1) The oral biofilm is a complex microbial community containing over 2000 taxa. Streptococcus gordonii is a common early colonizer that interacts with pathogens like Porphyromonas gingivalis and Candida albicans.
2) S. gordonii promotes the colonization of P. gingivalis through the binding of major fimbriae to host glycoproteins. This interaction upregulates virulence genes in P. gingivalis and enhances its ability to cause bone loss.
3) S. gordonii communicates with C. albicans via AI-2 and a competence stimulating peptide (CSP). AI-2 induces hyphal growth in C.
This document provides an overview of intensive care monitoring systems. It defines monitoring as repeated observations of a patient's physiological functions and life support equipment to guide treatment decisions. It discusses the history of vital sign measurements and various types of monitoring systems, including respiratory monitoring methods like pulse oximetry and transcutaneous monitoring, and cardiovascular monitoring like ECG, blood pressure, and cardiac output monitoring. Computers are now widely used in intensive care to acquire, store, analyze, and report physiological data from multiple sources to guide patient care.
This document discusses advances in medical devices and electronics over the past 100 years. It begins by describing three important existing technologies from 100 years ago - the stethoscope, electrocardiography, and X-rays. Over the following century, diagnostic devices became more quantitative through technologies like the phonocardiogram and electrocardiograph. Therapeutic devices also advanced, with developments in cardiac pacing and imaging allowing for minimally invasive procedures. The future promises further integration of devices and electronic health records to improve global healthcare access.
Telemetry monitoring allows cardiac patients to move freely while their heart is monitored. It is used for patients who need continuous EKG monitoring but do not require intensive care. A diagnostic information system can aggregate over 5,000 different patient test results into a standardized, easy to read format. This increases efficiency and accuracy of patient care. Mechanical ventilators deliver gas into a patient's airways to support breathing. Modes include time cycled, volume cycled and flow cycled ventilation. Intensive care units aim to reduce stress and promote recovery through factors like natural lighting, family involvement and reduced noise.
This document discusses various organ scans including brain, pulmonary, and cardiac scans. It provides details on the radiotracers and imaging techniques used for each type of scan. Brain scans use 99mTc-pertechnetate to image areas where the blood-brain barrier is disrupted. Pulmonary scans include ventilation and perfusion scans to evaluate lung function and diagnose issues like pulmonary embolism. Cardiac scans use radiotracers like 99mTc-sestamibi that are taken up by the heart muscle to image cardiac function.
The document discusses medical ultrasound imaging. It provides an overview of how ultrasound works by emitting sound waves and detecting reflections. It compares ultrasound to x-rays and outlines the history of ultrasound from its discovery in the late 18th century to its first medical use in 1942. The document describes various medical applications of ultrasound today including viewing soft tissues and fetuses. It also discusses the current state of 3D/4D ultrasound and technologies like color imaging and telesonography.
Ultrasound uses high-frequency sound waves to produce images of the inside of the body. It can be used to examine many different organs and tissues, providing real-time images of both structure and function. The document discusses key aspects of ultrasound such as the different display modes including A-mode, B-mode, and M-mode. It also covers topics like how ultrasound works, its use in medical applications, safety, and important terminology.
This document describes a study using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) to examine long-term cerebrovascular changes in response to voluntary exercise in rats. 14 rats were assigned to either an exercise or control group. SD-OCT scanning was performed under anesthesia to image the motor cortex at high resolution before and after inducing hypoxia, allowing non-invasive longitudinal assessment. Histology will also be performed and compared to SD-OCT. The results will help explore exercise-induced cerebrovascular plasticity and validate SD-OCT for mapping vascular changes over time.
Ultrasound assisted thrombolysis for vte turkish experienceuvcd
This document summarizes the key findings from several studies on using ultrasound-accelerated thrombolysis to treat pulmonary embolism and deep vein thrombosis. The ULTIMA trial found that low-dose catheter-directed ultrasound-accelerated thrombolysis was superior to anticoagulation alone in reversing right ventricular dysfunction in pulmonary embolism patients. The SEATTLE II study aimed to evaluate this technique for submassive and massive pulmonary embolism. A single-center retrospective review of 106 patients treated for chronic deep vein thrombosis found that over 90% reported significant symptom improvement and ultrasound follow-up showed high patency rates over time. The mechanism of action is that ultrasound energy exposes plasminogen receptor sites and increases
Very High Resolution Ultrasound Imaging for Real-Time Quantitative Visualizat...Dr Reaz Vawda, MSc PhD
This study evaluated the use of very high resolution ultrasound (VHRUS) to image vascular disruption in a rat model of spinal cord injury (SCI). VHRUS was able to accurately depict the normal anatomy of the intact spinal cord as well as changes after SCI, including the development of hemorrhage. There was strong correlation between VHRUS measurements of hemorrhage and quantitative measures of hemorrhage and vascular disruption. Time-lapse VHRUS videos demonstrated the evolution of hemorrhage over time, showing it first appearing in new areas around the injury before expanding into the surrounding parenchyma. This suggests VHRUS could be a useful non-invasive tool for longitudinally assessing vascular changes following SCI.
This research article evaluated the diagnostic power of cardiac MRI to detect pulmonary hypertension in patients pre-selected by echocardiography. Fifty-six patients suspected of pulmonary hypertension based on echocardiography underwent right heart catheterization and cardiac MRI. The study extracted various MRI parameters proposed in previous studies as surrogates for pulmonary arterial pressure. Multivariate regression analysis identified right ventricle ejection fraction and pulmonary trunk minimum area as predictors of mean pulmonary arterial pressure, with an r-squared value of 0.5. However, the limits of agreement between MRI-predicted and catheterization-measured pressures were too wide. MRI was able to distinguish patients with normal and elevated pressures, achieving a specificity of 80% for detecting pulmonary hypertension at
The document discusses various medical imaging techniques, including their basic mechanisms and applications. Plain x-rays use x-ray beams to generate images based on tissue density. Computed tomography (CT) uses x-ray beams and computer processing to create cross-sectional images of the body. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) uses magnetic fields and radiofrequency pulses to generate images of anatomical structures without using ionizing radiation. Nuclear medicine techniques involve injecting radioactive tracers and using gamma cameras to assess organ function.
The document provides a historical overview of computed tomography (CT) scanning. It describes how CT scanning was developed in the 1970s by Godfrey Hounsfield and Allan Cormack, who were later awarded the Nobel Prize. It outlines the key events in the development of CT technology, from the early prototype scanners to modern multi-detector CT machines. The document also discusses the impact of CT scanning in medical imaging and different scan types like spiral CT.
The document provides a historical overview of computed tomography (CT) scanning. It describes how CT scanning was developed in the 1970s by Godfrey Hounsfield and Allan Cormack, who were later awarded the Nobel Prize. It outlines the key events in the development of CT technology, including the creation of the first CT scanner by Hounsfield in 1971 and its introduction to medical use. It also summarizes the different generations of CT scanners and how they have improved imaging capabilities over time.
The document provides a historical overview of computed tomography (CT) scanning. It describes how CT scanning was developed in the 1970s by Godfrey Hounsfield and Allan Cormack, who were later awarded the Nobel Prize. It outlines the key events in the development of CT technology, including the creation of the first CT scanner by Hounsfield in 1971 and the introduction of multi-detector CT scanners. The document also discusses the impact of CT scanning in medical imaging and different types of CT scans.
This document provides an overview of basic diagnostic methods used in medicine, organized into categories. Biochemical methods include blood and other fluid tests to evaluate levels of substances like glucose, enzymes, and minerals. Physical examination methods involve auscultation, percussion, palpation and measuring vitals. Electrical methods record signals from the body like ECG, EEG, EMG. Optical methods use microscopes and endoscopes. Ultrasound uses sound waves to create images. X-rays produce images using radiation. Nuclear medicine techniques involve radioactive tracers. MRI uses magnetic fields and radio waves to generate very detailed images without radiation. The document describes several techniques within each category at a high level.
Can brain atrophy measurement help us in monitoring MS progression in routine...MS Trust
This presentation by Dana Horáková, Department of Neurology and Centre of Clinical Neuroscience at the Charles University in Prague, looks at why and how we should measure brain atrophy.
It was presented at the MS Trust Annual Conference in November 2014.
Ultrasound uses high-frequency sound waves to image inside the body. It has several main parts including a transducer probe that sends and receives sound waves. There are different imaging modes like B-mode which provides two-dimensional cross-sectional images and Doppler which evaluates blood flow velocity. Ultrasound is widely used in areas like obstetrics to monitor fetuses and cardiology to examine the heart. It has benefits of being non-invasive, portable, and having no long-term side effects.
The utility of 18F-fluorocholine PET/CT in the imaging of parathyroid adenomasNukleer Tıp Uzmanı
Introduction:
The aim of the study was to estimate the sensitivity of 18F-FCH PET/CT in preoperative localisation of hyperfunctioning parathyroid glands in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT).
Material and methods:
Sixty-five consecutive patients with PHPT, who underwent neck ultrasound (US) and 99mTc/99mTc-MIBI dual-phase parathyroid scintigraphy, were prospectively enrolled. Twenty-two patients had unsuccessful parathyroid surgery prior to the study. PET/CT scans were performed 65.0 ± 13.3 min after injection of 218.5 ± 31.9 MBq of 18F-fluorocholine (FCH). Three experienced nuclear medicine physicians assessed the detection rate of hyperfunctioning parathyroid tissue. Response to parathyroidectomy and clinical follow-up served as a reference test. Per-patient sensitivity and positive predictive value (PPV) were calculated for patients who underwent surgery.
Results:
18F-FCH PET/CT was positive in 61 patients, and negative in 4. US and parathyroid scintigraphy showed positive and negative results in 20, 45 and 17, 48, respectively. US showed nodular goitre in 31 patients and chronic thyroiditis in 9 patients. Parathyroid surgery was performed in 43 (66%) patients. 18F-FCH PET/CT yielded a sensitivity of 100% (95% CI: 87.99–100) and PPV of 85.7% (95% CI: 70.77–94.06). Similar values were observed in patients with chronic thyroiditis, nodular goitre, and patients after an unsuccessful parathyroid surgery. PET/CT identified hyperparathyroidism complications (kidney stones, osteoporotic bone fractures, and brown tumours) in 11 patients.
Conclusions:
18F-FCH PET/CT effectively detected hyperfunctioning parathyroid tissue and its complications. The method showed excellent sensitivity and positive predictive value, including patients with nodular goitre, chronic thyroiditis, and prior unsuccessful parathyroidectomy. PET/CT performance was superior to neck ultrasound and parathyroid scintigraphy.
18F-FCH PET/CT; fluorocholine; hyperparathyroidism; parathyroid imaging
CT scans use X-rays to create cross-sectional images of the body. Sir Godfrey Hounsfield developed the first CT scanner in 1972 and won a Nobel Prize for it. A CT scan works by taking multiple X-ray images from different angles and using computer processing to turn them into pictures of slices of the body. CT scans are useful for imaging bone, detecting acute changes like bleeding, and evaluating head injuries.
Similar to Dr. Manasi Nandi (King's College London) - Data-driven systems medicine (19)
1) The oral biofilm is a complex microbial community containing over 2000 taxa. Streptococcus gordonii is a common early colonizer that interacts with pathogens like Porphyromonas gingivalis and Candida albicans.
2) S. gordonii promotes the colonization of P. gingivalis through the binding of major fimbriae to host glycoproteins. This interaction upregulates virulence genes in P. gingivalis and enhances its ability to cause bone loss.
3) S. gordonii communicates with C. albicans via AI-2 and a competence stimulating peptide (CSP). AI-2 induces hyphal growth in C.
Dividing a research study into multiple small publications, known as "salami slicing", is considered an unethical practice. It dilutes the visibility of the overall research and makes it harder for other researchers to grasp the full significance of the work. However, in some cases where a research project involves different groups across disciplines studying a wide range of topics, publishing multiple related studies can be justified to disseminate findings to various audiences. The goal should be conveying the overall impact of the extensive work, not fabricating extra conclusions or citations.
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The summary of Mr. Richard Rawcliffe's presentation from the Jun 11-12th 2019 event Data-driven systems medicine at Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre.
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The summary of Dr. Venkatesh Pilla Reddy's presentation from the Jun 11-12th 2019 event Data-driven systems medicine at Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre.
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This document discusses using systems approaches and translational nephrology to investigate acute kidney injury (AKI). It summarizes research from the Wales Kidney Research Unit exploring ischemic preconditioning (IPC) as a potential prophylactic therapy for AKI. The research optimized an IPC protocol, identified protective gene expression signatures with IPC, and used Ingenuity Pathway Analysis to predict drugs that may recapitulate the protective IPC phenotype. Some predicted drugs were tested and found to reduce kidney injury in an AKI rat model, supporting drug repurposing approaches identified through transcriptional profiling and pathway analysis.
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The summary of Dr. Sascha Ott's presentation from the Jun 11-12th 2019 event Data-driven systems medicine at Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre.
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The summary of Dr. Phil Webb's presentation from the Jun 11-12th 2019 event Data-driven systems medicine at Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre.
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- Memory T cell compartments are maintained through a balance of input from precursors and turnover of existing memory cells.
- Experiments tracking donor cells in host mice found the rate of input into memory compartments differs between environments.
- A "two-compartment" model of fast- and slow-replenishing memory cells best explains the data from both clean and dirty environments.
- The environment influences the establishment of memory during development but has less impact on steady-state maintenance once compartments are established.
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The summary of Dr. Ceire Costelloe's presentation from the Jun 11-12th 2019 event Data-driven systems medicine at Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre.
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The summary of Dr. Christopher Yau's presentation from the Jun 11-12th 2019 event Data-driven systems medicine at Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre.
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The summary of Prof. Martyn Guest's presentation from the Jun 11-12th 2019 event Data-driven systems medicine at Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre.
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The summary of Prof. Mark Coles' presentation from the Jun 11-12th 2019 event Data-driven systems medicine at Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre.
The document summarizes a two-day workshop on data-driven system medicine held in Cardiff, Wales. Over 15 speakers from academia, healthcare, and industry discussed applications of artificial intelligence and machine learning to medicine. Talks covered using AI for clinical trials recruitment, disease modeling, precision medicine, and more. The workshop aimed to grow the community applying computational methods to personalized healthcare.
TEST BANK For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition by...Donc Test
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Rasamanikya is a excellent preparation in the field of Rasashastra, it is used in various Kushtha Roga, Shwasa, Vicharchika, Bhagandara, Vatarakta, and Phiranga Roga. In this article Preparation& Comparative analytical profile for both Formulationon i.e Rasamanikya prepared by Kushmanda swarasa & Churnodhaka Shodita Haratala. The study aims to provide insights into the comparative efficacy and analytical aspects of these formulations for enhanced therapeutic outcomes.
Recomendações da OMS sobre cuidados maternos e neonatais para uma experiência pós-natal positiva.
Em consonância com os ODS – Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a Estratégia Global para a Saúde das Mulheres, Crianças e Adolescentes, e aplicando uma abordagem baseada nos direitos humanos, os esforços de cuidados pós-natais devem expandir-se para além da cobertura e da simples sobrevivência, de modo a incluir cuidados de qualidade.
Estas diretrizes visam melhorar a qualidade dos cuidados pós-natais essenciais e de rotina prestados às mulheres e aos recém-nascidos, com o objetivo final de melhorar a saúde e o bem-estar materno e neonatal.
Uma “experiência pós-natal positiva” é um resultado importante para todas as mulheres que dão à luz e para os seus recém-nascidos, estabelecendo as bases para a melhoria da saúde e do bem-estar a curto e longo prazo. Uma experiência pós-natal positiva é definida como aquela em que as mulheres, pessoas que gestam, os recém-nascidos, os casais, os pais, os cuidadores e as famílias recebem informação consistente, garantia e apoio de profissionais de saúde motivados; e onde um sistema de saúde flexível e com recursos reconheça as necessidades das mulheres e dos bebês e respeite o seu contexto cultural.
Estas diretrizes consolidadas apresentam algumas recomendações novas e já bem fundamentadas sobre cuidados pós-natais de rotina para mulheres e neonatos que recebem cuidados no pós-parto em unidades de saúde ou na comunidade, independentemente dos recursos disponíveis.
É fornecido um conjunto abrangente de recomendações para cuidados durante o período puerperal, com ênfase nos cuidados essenciais que todas as mulheres e recém-nascidos devem receber, e com a devida atenção à qualidade dos cuidados; isto é, a entrega e a experiência do cuidado recebido. Estas diretrizes atualizam e ampliam as recomendações da OMS de 2014 sobre cuidados pós-natais da mãe e do recém-nascido e complementam as atuais diretrizes da OMS sobre a gestão de complicações pós-natais.
O estabelecimento da amamentação e o manejo das principais intercorrências é contemplada.
Recomendamos muito.
Vamos discutir essas recomendações no nosso curso de pós-graduação em Aleitamento no Instituto Ciclos.
Esta publicação só está disponível em inglês até o momento.
Prof. Marcus Renato de Carvalho
www.agostodourado.com
Basavarajeeyam is a Sreshta Sangraha grantha (Compiled book ), written by Neelkanta kotturu Basavaraja Virachita. It contains 25 Prakaranas, First 24 Chapters related to Rogas& 25th to Rasadravyas.
ABDOMINAL TRAUMA in pediatrics part one.drhasanrajab
Abdominal trauma in pediatrics refers to injuries or damage to the abdominal organs in children. It can occur due to various causes such as falls, motor vehicle accidents, sports-related injuries, and physical abuse. Children are more vulnerable to abdominal trauma due to their unique anatomical and physiological characteristics. Signs and symptoms include abdominal pain, tenderness, distension, vomiting, and signs of shock. Diagnosis involves physical examination, imaging studies, and laboratory tests. Management depends on the severity and may involve conservative treatment or surgical intervention. Prevention is crucial in reducing the incidence of abdominal trauma in children.
Adhd Medication Shortage Uk - trinexpharmacy.comreignlana06
The UK is currently facing a Adhd Medication Shortage Uk, which has left many patients and their families grappling with uncertainty and frustration. ADHD, or Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, is a chronic condition that requires consistent medication to manage effectively. This shortage has highlighted the critical role these medications play in the daily lives of those affected by ADHD. Contact : +1 (747) 209 – 3649 E-mail : sales@trinexpharmacy.com
NVBDCP.pptx Nation vector borne disease control programSapna Thakur
NVBDCP was launched in 2003-2004 . Vector-Borne Disease: Disease that results from an infection transmitted to humans and other animals by blood-feeding arthropods, such as mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas. Examples of vector-borne diseases include Dengue fever, West Nile Virus, Lyme disease, and malaria.
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of the physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar lead (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
6. Describe the flow of current around the heart during the cardiac cycle
7. Discuss the placement and polarity of the leads of electrocardiograph
8. Describe the normal electrocardiograms recorded from the limb leads and explain the physiological basis of the different records that are obtained
9. Define mean electrical vector (axis) of the heart and give the normal range
10. Define the mean QRS vector
11. Describe the axes of leads (hexagonal reference system)
12. Comprehend the vectorial analysis of the normal ECG
13. Determine the mean electrical axis of the ventricular QRS and appreciate the mean axis deviation
14. Explain the concepts of current of injury, J point, and their significance
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. Chapter 3, Cardiology Explained, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK2214/
7. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
Cell Therapy Expansion and Challenges in Autoimmune DiseaseHealth Advances
There is increasing confidence that cell therapies will soon play a role in the treatment of autoimmune disorders, but the extent of this impact remains to be seen. Early readouts on autologous CAR-Ts in lupus are encouraging, but manufacturing and cost limitations are likely to restrict access to highly refractory patients. Allogeneic CAR-Ts have the potential to broaden access to earlier lines of treatment due to their inherent cost benefits, however they will need to demonstrate comparable or improved efficacy to established modalities.
In addition to infrastructure and capacity constraints, CAR-Ts face a very different risk-benefit dynamic in autoimmune compared to oncology, highlighting the need for tolerable therapies with low adverse event risk. CAR-NK and Treg-based therapies are also being developed in certain autoimmune disorders and may demonstrate favorable safety profiles. Several novel non-cell therapies such as bispecific antibodies, nanobodies, and RNAi drugs, may also offer future alternative competitive solutions with variable value propositions.
Widespread adoption of cell therapies will not only require strong efficacy and safety data, but also adapted pricing and access strategies. At oncology-based price points, CAR-Ts are unlikely to achieve broad market access in autoimmune disorders, with eligible patient populations that are potentially orders of magnitude greater than the number of currently addressable cancer patients. Developers have made strides towards reducing cell therapy COGS while improving manufacturing efficiency, but payors will inevitably restrict access until more sustainable pricing is achieved.
Despite these headwinds, industry leaders and investors remain confident that cell therapies are poised to address significant unmet need in patients suffering from autoimmune disorders. However, the extent of this impact on the treatment landscape remains to be seen, as the industry rapidly approaches an inflection point.
Basavarajeeyam is an important text for ayurvedic physician belonging to andhra pradehs. It is a popular compendium in various parts of our country as well as in andhra pradesh. The content of the text was presented in sanskrit and telugu language (Bilingual). One of the most famous book in ayurvedic pharmaceutics and therapeutics. This book contains 25 chapters called as prakaranas. Many rasaoushadis were explained, pioneer of dhatu druti, nadi pareeksha, mutra pareeksha etc. Belongs to the period of 15-16 century. New diseases like upadamsha, phiranga rogas are explained.
How STIs Influence the Development of Pelvic Inflammatory Disease.pptx
Dr. Manasi Nandi (King's College London) - Data-driven systems medicine
1. Extracting new information from old signals
Manasi Nandi PhD, FBPhS, FHEA
Senior Lecturer Integrative Pharmacology
King’s College London, U.K.
manasi.nandi@kcl.ac.uk
Google images used throughout
2. Mahomed; Med Chir Trans. 1874;57:197-228. The Etiology of Bright's Disease and the Prealbuminuric Stage
Images courtesy of King’s College London; Foyle Special Collection library.
Since the mid 19th century we have known there
is extra information in waveform shapes
4. Source: Chung, M.K., and Rich, M.W. Introduction to the cardiovascular system. Alcohol Health and Research World
14(4):269–276, 1990.
5. • As individual control systems in a plane
start to fail, so the plane shakes, sways,
wobbles, loses altitude and finally
crashes….
• Similarly, in the human body, early failure
of control systems may not be detectable,
such that when we ‘diagnose‘ a patient –
they have already ‘crashed’
Early detection in ‘stable’ phase is
better than late detection in ‘crash’
7. Summary so far
Can we make better use of the
high fidelity - ‘big data’ that we
routinely collect?
Would this more sensitively tell
us about CV changes in
health and disease?
11. Can we plot blood pressure data in 3D?
We only have 1 data stream..
but this can be split by
using time delays
Floris Takens –
Mathematician
1981
Philip Aston
Mathematician
University of Surrey
2013
Can we plot blood pressure data
in 3D?
13. Use 𝜏 to get (𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧) coordinates
(101.309, 117.469, 125.191)
(102.622, 118.354, 125.175)
(103.827, 119.239, 124.977)
(104.956, 120.063, 124.489)
…. etc
Step 1: Replot data into 3D
14. Step 2: Project to 2D
Change the coordinates to get a 2D attractor
3D attractor 2D attractor
Step 2: Project and view in 2D
16. If:
X = 108 mmHg
y = 120 mmHg
Z = 138 mmHg
100110120130140
140
120
100
100
110
120
130
140
X
y
z
x
140 130 120 110 100y
100
110
120
130
140
100
120
z
100
120
140
100
120
140
140
120
100
140
120
100
BP(mmHg)
Time (seconds)
0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8
z
y
x
1
2
3
4 5 6
Attractor reconstruction
Projection
Symmetric
17. Extracting measures from the attractor…..
How big is it?
How dense are
the hot spots?
What is the
angle of
rotation?
How wide are
the sides?
and relating these to physiological change…..
but applicable to deep learning image analysis to quantify attractor
…all features are quantifiable
18. BP ECG
Pulse Oximetry Intra Cranial Pressure
Central Venous Pressure Respiratory
Courtesy of Gary Chaffey – mathematicians, U of Surrey ; Physionet and other open access online sources
Agnostic to waveform..
19. Telemetry continuous
waveform data 1000Hz
BP software
Extraction of SBP, DBP,
HR, HRV and PP
every half hour
AR coding
Extraction of AR
measures, size, form,
density etc.
every half hour
10am-4pm naïve
10am-4pm sepsis
Preclinical sepsis modelling….
25. Summary
• Periodic physiological data (BP, ECG) is routinely sampled at high fidelity
• Attractor reconstruction extracts new information from these signals
providing quantitative measures of waveform shape and variability
• These can enhance the sensitivity of detecting cardiovascular change
• Numerous potential applications in healthcare and biomedical research
setting
• Appropriate for machine learning and A.I approaches from large datasets
• Two communication between disciplines is extremely important –
mathematicians need to perform physiologically meaningful analysis
• Attractor ‘signatures’ must be translated to physiological meaning – not
just a ‘black box’ of new numbers…
Summary
26. Disclosure: Nandi co-inventor: Delay Coordinate Analysis of Periodic Data WO/2015/121679.
http://ehealth.kcl.ac.uk/cardiomorph/
Aston et al., Physiol Meas. 2018 Mar 1;39(2)
Nandi et al., Physiol Meas. 2018 Oct 30;39(10)