Asian ENT care Hospital is the Best ENT Hospital for Ear, Nose, and Throat Problems. Are you looking for Best ENT Specialists in Hyderabad? Then you can visit our Asian ENT care Hospital.
This is ppt for patient to know about their child's agony .
what agonises their child?
What are the appropriate measures for it..to reach a disease free state.
Tongue Piercing Can Lead to Gaps between TeethScott_Eckenrode
Tongue piercings have become very popular with young adults as a cool and trendy accessory. While this fashion trend can enhance a look or aesthetic, it could negatively impact an individual’s oral health, too. A case study from the University of Buffalo found that tongue piercings could cause gapped teeth.
This is ppt for patient to know about their child's agony .
what agonises their child?
What are the appropriate measures for it..to reach a disease free state.
Tongue Piercing Can Lead to Gaps between TeethScott_Eckenrode
Tongue piercings have become very popular with young adults as a cool and trendy accessory. While this fashion trend can enhance a look or aesthetic, it could negatively impact an individual’s oral health, too. A case study from the University of Buffalo found that tongue piercings could cause gapped teeth.
This is the first and noble study on Early Childhood Caries conducted in 2015 - 2016 by Dr. Wazhma Hakimi. MD/MPH in Kabul, Afghanistan with surprising findings and results.
Impact of Oral care in reducing copd and pneumoniaShekhar Gupta
Impact of oral care in dealing with health care issues such as COPD and Pneumonia, reduce hospital readmission due to these medical issues and help the patients and hospitals, nursing homes, rehab centers etc.
Best ear nose throat and allergy care at new yorkDr Sniffles
Find Allergist specialists at Dr Sniffles to provide the best treatment in New York. Dr Sniffles is the best qualified professional to diagnose hive, ENT, asthma, food and Sinus Infection and aspirin desensitization in Bayside, Corona and Bronx area. Call now for an appointment.
Chronic otitis media effusion, also known as chronic middle ear fluid, is a condition characterized by the long-term presence of fluid in the middle ear. The middle ear is the space behind the eardrum that contains the tiny bones responsible for transmitting sound vibrations to the inner ear
ENT Clinic in Tambaram, ENT clinic in chennai, ENT surgery specialist in chennai, ENT speciality clinic in chennai, ENT treatment clinic in chennai, ENT surgery in chennai, ENT specialist chennai, ENT treatment chennai.
This is the first and noble study on Early Childhood Caries conducted in 2015 - 2016 by Dr. Wazhma Hakimi. MD/MPH in Kabul, Afghanistan with surprising findings and results.
Impact of Oral care in reducing copd and pneumoniaShekhar Gupta
Impact of oral care in dealing with health care issues such as COPD and Pneumonia, reduce hospital readmission due to these medical issues and help the patients and hospitals, nursing homes, rehab centers etc.
Best ear nose throat and allergy care at new yorkDr Sniffles
Find Allergist specialists at Dr Sniffles to provide the best treatment in New York. Dr Sniffles is the best qualified professional to diagnose hive, ENT, asthma, food and Sinus Infection and aspirin desensitization in Bayside, Corona and Bronx area. Call now for an appointment.
Chronic otitis media effusion, also known as chronic middle ear fluid, is a condition characterized by the long-term presence of fluid in the middle ear. The middle ear is the space behind the eardrum that contains the tiny bones responsible for transmitting sound vibrations to the inner ear
ENT Clinic in Tambaram, ENT clinic in chennai, ENT surgery specialist in chennai, ENT speciality clinic in chennai, ENT treatment clinic in chennai, ENT surgery in chennai, ENT specialist chennai, ENT treatment chennai.
In this presentation there is complete content regarding its causes, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, diagnostic evaluations and managements that can be done.
First of all as we know that otitis media is a disease condition related to ear infection and inflammations.
Dr. Ram Kumar is one of the best Ear Doctor in Chandigarh. He has done his (M.S ENT) from the prestigious Post Graduate Institute for Medical Education and Research (PGIMER, Chandigarh). and have vast experience in this field. He treats all ear disorders, nose and sinus disorder, pediatric sleep disorders and snoring, sleep apnea, allergies including ear infections & TMJ (jaw disorder), chronic headaches, snoring, memory loss etc. Many disorders can be treated effectively with proper medical care at Dr Ram Kumar's clinic.
Hướng dẫn sử dụng thuốc xịt trị viêm mũi | Venus GlobalVENUS
Trái gió trở trời, môi trường ô nhiễm là những tác nhân khiến bệnh viêm mũi dị ứng ngày càng phổ biến trong cộng đồng. Những triệu chứng cứ liên tục xuất hiện làm cơ thể bạn cảm thấy uể oải. Làm cách nào để thoát khỏi sự hành hạ của bệnh này? Cùng chúng tôi tìm hiểu ngay các loại thuốc xịt trị viêm mũi dị ứng hiệu quả và những lưu ý khi sử dụng thuốc thông qua bài viết này nhé.
Nguồn: Trích https://venusglobal.com.vn/thuoc-xit-mui-tri-viem-mui-di-ung/
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Learning Outcomes:
Students should be able to:
1) Define deafness2) State the etiology of hearing loss
3) Explain the pathophysiology of hearing loss
4) State the clinical manifestation of hearing loss
5) Explain the types of hearing loss
6) Discuss the investigations of hearing loss
7) Describe the treatment of hearing loss patient
8) Carried out nursing care plan for the patient
Dental disease burden and treatment needs among adolescentsChukwudi Ofurum
Adolescents are exposed to varied level of dental and oral health diseases.
This is commonly a factor linked with poor oral health and dental hygiene practices.
Presented herein is a review of dental disease burden and analysis of treatment options and preferences among adolescents.
Defecation
Normal defecation begins with movement in the left colon, moving stool toward the anus. When stool reaches the rectum, the distention causes relaxation of the internal sphincter and an awareness of the need to defecate. At the time of defecation, the external sphincter relaxes, and abdominal muscles contract, increasing intrarectal pressure and forcing the stool out
The Valsalva maneuver exerts pressure to expel faeces through a voluntary contraction of the abdominal muscles while maintaining forced expiration against a closed airway. Patients with cardiovascular disease, glaucoma, increased intracranial pressure, or a new surgical wound are at greater risk for cardiac dysrhythmias and elevated blood pressure with the Valsalva maneuver and need to avoid straining to pass the stool.
Normal defecation is painless, resulting in passage of soft, formed stool
CONSTIPATION
Constipation is a symptom, not a disease. Improper diet, reduced fluid intake, lack of exercise, and certain medications can cause constipation. For example, patients receiving opiates for pain after surgery often require a stool softener or laxative to prevent constipation. The signs of constipation include infrequent bowel movements (less than every 3 days), difficulty passing stools, excessive straining, inability to defecate at will, and hard feaces
IMPACTION
Fecal impaction results from unrelieved constipation. It is a collection of hardened feces wedged in the rectum that a person cannot expel. In cases of severe impaction the mass extends up into the sigmoid colon.
DIARRHEA
Diarrhea is an increase in the number of stools and the passage of liquid, unformed feces. It is associated with disorders affecting digestion, absorption, and secretion in the GI tract. Intestinal contents pass through the small and large intestine too quickly to allow for the usual absorption of fluid and nutrients. Irritation within the colon results in increased mucus secretion. As a result, feces become watery, and the patient is unable to control the urge to defecate. Normally an anal bag is safe and effective in long-term treatment of patients with fecal incontinence at home, in hospice, or in the hospital. Fecal incontinence is expensive and a potentially dangerous condition in terms of contamination and risk of skin ulceration
HEMORRHOIDS
Hemorrhoids are dilated, engorged veins in the lining of the rectum. They are either external or internal.
FLATULENCE
As gas accumulates in the lumen of the intestines, the bowel wall stretches and distends (flatulence). It is a common cause of abdominal fullness, pain, and cramping. Normally intestinal gas escapes through the mouth (belching) or the anus (passing of flatus)
FECAL INCONTINENCE
Fecal incontinence is the inability to control passage of feces and gas from the anus. Incontinence harms a patient’s body image
PREPARATION AND GIVING OF LAXATIVESACCORDING TO POTTER AND PERRY,
An enema is the instillation of a solution into the rectum and sig
India Clinical Trials Market: Industry Size and Growth Trends [2030] Analyzed...Kumar Satyam
According to TechSci Research report, "India Clinical Trials Market- By Region, Competition, Forecast & Opportunities, 2030F," the India Clinical Trials Market was valued at USD 2.05 billion in 2024 and is projected to grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 8.64% through 2030. The market is driven by a variety of factors, making India an attractive destination for pharmaceutical companies and researchers. India's vast and diverse patient population, cost-effective operational environment, and a large pool of skilled medical professionals contribute significantly to the market's growth. Additionally, increasing government support in streamlining regulations and the growing prevalence of lifestyle diseases further propel the clinical trials market.
Growing Prevalence of Lifestyle Diseases
The rising incidence of lifestyle diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer is a major trend driving the clinical trials market in India. These conditions necessitate the development and testing of new treatment methods, creating a robust demand for clinical trials. The increasing burden of these diseases highlights the need for innovative therapies and underscores the importance of India as a key player in global clinical research.
One of the most developed cities of India, the city of Chennai is the capital of Tamilnadu and many people from different parts of India come here to earn their bread and butter. Being a metropolitan, the city is filled with towering building and beaches but the sad part as with almost every Indian city
CHAPTER 1 SEMESTER V - ROLE OF PEADIATRIC NURSE.pdfSachin Sharma
Pediatric nurses play a vital role in the health and well-being of children. Their responsibilities are wide-ranging, and their objectives can be categorized into several key areas:
1. Direct Patient Care:
Objective: Provide comprehensive and compassionate care to infants, children, and adolescents in various healthcare settings (hospitals, clinics, etc.).
This includes tasks like:
Monitoring vital signs and physical condition.
Administering medications and treatments.
Performing procedures as directed by doctors.
Assisting with daily living activities (bathing, feeding).
Providing emotional support and pain management.
2. Health Promotion and Education:
Objective: Promote healthy behaviors and educate children, families, and communities about preventive healthcare.
This includes tasks like:
Administering vaccinations.
Providing education on nutrition, hygiene, and development.
Offering breastfeeding and childbirth support.
Counseling families on safety and injury prevention.
3. Collaboration and Advocacy:
Objective: Collaborate effectively with doctors, social workers, therapists, and other healthcare professionals to ensure coordinated care for children.
Objective: Advocate for the rights and best interests of their patients, especially when children cannot speak for themselves.
This includes tasks like:
Communicating effectively with healthcare teams.
Identifying and addressing potential risks to child welfare.
Educating families about their child's condition and treatment options.
4. Professional Development and Research:
Objective: Stay up-to-date on the latest advancements in pediatric healthcare through continuing education and research.
Objective: Contribute to improving the quality of care for children by participating in research initiatives.
This includes tasks like:
Attending workshops and conferences on pediatric nursing.
Participating in clinical trials related to child health.
Implementing evidence-based practices into their daily routines.
By fulfilling these objectives, pediatric nurses play a crucial role in ensuring the optimal health and well-being of children throughout all stages of their development.
Navigating Challenges: Mental Health, Legislation, and the Prison System in B...Guillermo Rivera
This conference will delve into the intricate intersections between mental health, legal frameworks, and the prison system in Bolivia. It aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the current challenges faced by mental health professionals working within the legislative and correctional landscapes. Topics of discussion will include the prevalence and impact of mental health issues among the incarcerated population, the effectiveness of existing mental health policies and legislation, and potential reforms to enhance the mental health support system within prisons.
Explore our infographic on 'Essential Metrics for Palliative Care Management' which highlights key performance indicators crucial for enhancing the quality and efficiency of palliative care services.
This visual guide breaks down important metrics across four categories: Patient-Centered Metrics, Care Efficiency Metrics, Quality of Life Metrics, and Staff Metrics. Each section is designed to help healthcare professionals monitor and improve care delivery for patients facing serious illnesses. Understand how to implement these metrics in your palliative care practices for better outcomes and higher satisfaction levels.
How many patients does case series should have In comparison to case reports.pdfpubrica101
Pubrica’s team of researchers and writers create scientific and medical research articles, which may be important resources for authors and practitioners. Pubrica medical writers assist you in creating and revising the introduction by alerting the reader to gaps in the chosen study subject. Our professionals understand the order in which the hypothesis topic is followed by the broad subject, the issue, and the backdrop.
https://pubrica.com/academy/case-study-or-series/how-many-patients-does-case-series-should-have-in-comparison-to-case-reports/
Telehealth Psychology Building Trust with Clients.pptxThe Harvest Clinic
Telehealth psychology is a digital approach that offers psychological services and mental health care to clients remotely, using technologies like video conferencing, phone calls, text messaging, and mobile apps for communication.
Medical Technology Tackles New Health Care Demand - Research Report - March 2...pchutichetpong
M Capital Group (“MCG”) predicts that with, against, despite, and even without the global pandemic, the medical technology (MedTech) industry shows signs of continuous healthy growth, driven by smaller, faster, and cheaper devices, growing demand for home-based applications, technological innovation, strategic acquisitions, investments, and SPAC listings. MCG predicts that this should reflects itself in annual growth of over 6%, well beyond 2028.
According to Chris Mouchabhani, Managing Partner at M Capital Group, “Despite all economic scenarios that one may consider, beyond overall economic shocks, medical technology should remain one of the most promising and robust sectors over the short to medium term and well beyond 2028.”
There is a movement towards home-based care for the elderly, next generation scanning and MRI devices, wearable technology, artificial intelligence incorporation, and online connectivity. Experts also see a focus on predictive, preventive, personalized, participatory, and precision medicine, with rising levels of integration of home care and technological innovation.
The average cost of treatment has been rising across the board, creating additional financial burdens to governments, healthcare providers and insurance companies. According to MCG, cost-per-inpatient-stay in the United States alone rose on average annually by over 13% between 2014 to 2021, leading MedTech to focus research efforts on optimized medical equipment at lower price points, whilst emphasizing portability and ease of use. Namely, 46% of the 1,008 medical technology companies in the 2021 MedTech Innovator (“MTI”) database are focusing on prevention, wellness, detection, or diagnosis, signaling a clear push for preventive care to also tackle costs.
In addition, there has also been a lasting impact on consumer and medical demand for home care, supported by the pandemic. Lockdowns, closure of care facilities, and healthcare systems subjected to capacity pressure, accelerated demand away from traditional inpatient care. Now, outpatient care solutions are driving industry production, with nearly 70% of recent diagnostics start-up companies producing products in areas such as ambulatory clinics, at-home care, and self-administered diagnostics.
Medical Technology Tackles New Health Care Demand - Research Report - March 2...
Dr. Chava Anjaneyulu | Best ENT Doctor in Hyderabad | Asian ENT Care Centre
1. ASIAN ENT CARE CENTRE
Otorhinolaryngology (ENT Speciality) is an ever-changing medical
science. Much of the credit for treatments available in this field today
goes to the pioneering work of dedicated professionals & institutions
through the years.
ASIAN ENT CARE CENTRE was established in HYDERABAD, and prime
objectives are to keep abreast of advances made in the ENT field and
pioneer hitherto unavailable treatment methods in India. More
importantly, Asian ENT Hospital strives to introduce research-oriented
diagnostic & therapeutic ENT practices in India, and make treatment
affordable & available to the masses. Top ent specialist in Hyderabad
Our Services
Oral & Cavity Tumor:
Asian ent care centre with experienced faculty and state-of-the-
art facilities and technology providing excellent patient care and
treatment for head and neck tumors.
Micro Ear Surgery
Significant progress has occurred on the concepts of micro-ear
surgery with the development of medical information, research
and development as well as the instrumentation used for ear
surgery. We perform this surgery for middle ear fluids, eardrum
perforation, chronic infections, cholesteatoma, facial nerve
paralysis, otosclerosis, tumors, ear canal stenosis and cochlear
2. implant surgeryetc. We are providing good results to patients in
improving hearing and making ear dry.
1.Tympanoplasty
2.Mastoidectomy
3. Stapedictory
Tympanoplasty
It is a OPD procedure to repair perforation of tympanic membrane and
ossicular chain damage under microscope / endoscope guidance in
patients with chronic suppurative otitis media (dry ear) with complaints
of ear discharge and decreased hearing.
Mastoidectomy
It is a surgical procedure to clear the diseases in mastoid bone and
middle ear in patients with complaints of ear discharge, decreased
hearing and ear pain with diagnosis of unsafe CSOM, acute mastoiditis
with complications, facial nerve lesions and tumors.it is of different
types-cortical mastoidectony, modified radical mastoidectomy. cortical
mastoidectomy is complete exenteration of all accessible mastoid air
cells and to converting them to single cavity.Modified radical
mastoidectomy is a procedure to eradicate diseases from the middle ear
and mastoid with reconstruction of hearing.
3. Stapedectomy
It is a surgical procedure to replace fixed stapes with piston in patients
with complaints of hearing loss(conductive) due to otosclerosis.
Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery
It is a Minimally invasive sinus surgery under guidance of various
degrees of nasal endoscopes without skin incision.with this
procedure ventilation and drainage of sinuses is established
preserving the nasal and sinus mucosa and its function of
Mucociliary clearance.precise removal of tissues with sharp cuts
with help of fine instruments and microdebrider without stripping
the mucosa is possible.it is treatment of choice for patients with
chronic bilateral sinusitis, polyposis, fungal sinusitis etc.
Speech Services
The Speech Language Pathology wing under Department of Audiology
and Speech Language Pathology provides diagnostic services as well as
therapeutic management for various speech and language disorders. The
services are available to paediatric as well as adult population and uses
standardised test tools. The evaluation procedures are carried out by
experienced Speech Language Pathologists.
Speech Language Diagnostics
The department is dedicated to evaluation and diagnosis of speech and
language disorders in pediatric as well as adult population. Speech
disorders can occur as a problem with articulation of speech sounds,
dysfluent speech/stammering and can also manifest as voice problems.
Speech disorders can be present alone or in conjunction with other
neurological disorders like dysarthria, apraxia, cerebral palsy etc.
4. Speech Assessment Tests
• Stuttering Severity Index
• Stuttering Prediction Instrument
• Photo Articulation Test
• FrenchayDysarthric Assessment
• Apraxia Battery for Adults
• Speech Voice Analysis system
• PRAAT
• Proforma – CP, Voice, Fluency, Laryngectomy, Cleft lip & Palate.
Language problems are seen in both adults and children. In adults it
occurs usually after neurological insult like in case of stroke/ accident/
blow to head/ old age. In children language delays/ deviancy etc may
occur alone as in case of Specific Language Impairment or it can occur
as a result of conditions like Cerebral Palsy, Mental Subnormality,
Autism Spectrum Disorders, Hearing loss etc.
Language Assessment Tools
• Boston Diagnostic Aphasia Examination test
• Western Aphasia Battery
• Receptive and Expressive Emergent Language Scale
• Scale of Early Communication Skills
• 3 Dimensional Language Acquisition Skills
• Childhood Autism Rating Scale
• Revised Token Test
• Test of Language Development
• Linguistic Profile Test
• Autistic Behavior Composite Checklist and Profile
5. • Illinois test of Psycholinguistic ability
• Assessment of Language Development
• Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers
Speech Language Therapeutics
Speech and Language Therapeutics department is a well-established
department that provides habilitative and rehabilitative treatment
services. We provide quality clinical services to adults and children
with.
Language and speech disorders secondary to cleft palate, cerebral palsy,
autism, hearing loss, cognitive disorders, learning disabilities.
Language or speech difficulties following brain damage such as stroke
or any head
Speech difficulties after surgical removal of tongue or larynx
Voice disorders
Hearing loss
Swallowing disorders
Why do children get ear infections?
Young children are prone to ear infections (called “otitis media”)
because of their developing head and neck structures. One of
these developing structures is the eustachian tube, a small
connection between the back of the ear and the back of the nose.
This structure allows for the regulation of air pressure, ventilation,
and drainage from the middle ear space into the back of the nose.
Unfortunately, the eustachian tube is not very well developed in
some children. Reflux (or back-up) of infected fluid from the nose
into the ear may occur. Likewise, the eustachian tube sometimes
does not drain well and allows material to build up in the ear.
6. How to clean the ear?
Ear can be cleaned by itself because of migratory capacity of skin
of ear canal. If you scratch ear often you will get more wax and
sometimes you may injured the eardrum.
Why do children get ear infections?
Young children are prone to ear infections (called “otitis media”)
because of their developing head and neck structures. One of
these developing structures is the eustachian tube, a small
connection between the back of the ear and the back of the nose.
This structure allows for the regulation of air pressure, ventilation,
and drainage from the middle ear space into the back of the nose.
Unfortunately, the eustachian tube is not very well developed in
some children. Reflux (or back-up) of infected fluid from the nose
into the ear may occur. Likewise, the eustachian tube sometimes
does not drain well and allows material to build up in the ear.
There are several other reasons why children get ear infections.
Children are much more prone to upper respiratory infections of
all kinds. Other risk factors include young age, day care
attendance, smoking in the household, and lack of breast feeding.
A combination of these risk factors, plus a poorly developed
eustachian tube, often leads to otitis media in a young child. Most
children will have had one to two cases of otitis before age two.
Fortunately, children develop and grow. The eustachian tube
usually reaches adequate function between the ages of 5 and 7,
which coincides nicely with a dramatic decrease in the frequency
and severity of ear infections in children. The peak incidence of
otitis media is in the age range of 12-24 months. Some children
begin their history of ear infections at an earlier age, before their
7. first birthday. This may indicate a longer and more severe history
of otitis media.
Ear infections are caused by bacteria and viruses. The usual
scenario is for the young child to get an upper respiratory
infection caused by a virus. This leads to seeding of bacteria in the
back of the nose and the ear, through the eustachian tube. Most
middle ear infections are caused by bacteria. Unfortunately,
bacteria are beginning to develop resistance to the more
commonly prescribed antibiotics. Resistant rates for infection are
specific to different communities in different areas of the country,
depending upon the type and variety of the usual bacterial flora in
a particular area.
How common are ear infections?
Ear infections are becoming much more commonly diagnosed.
Between 1975 and 1990, the number of ear infections diagnosed
in doctors’ offices tripled to about 25 million. Treatment for an ear
infection is the second most common reason for a child’s visit to a
physician’s office, after the well child exam. Ear infections also
occur with upper respiratory infections, including tonsillitis,
pharyngitis, sinusitis, and bronchitis.
How are ear infections treated?
Lots of different treatments have been tried; some controversy
still exists over the use of different types of medications and when
surgical intervention may be appropriate.
Antibiotics remain the most frequently prescribed medications for
otitis media. Different types of antibiotics are used, and new ones
are being developed. This is important because of the newer
8. resistant bacteria that have come to the forefront. Some of the
newer antibiotics may be slightly more effective than older ones
in treating otitis media.
Antibiotics are generally used for 5-14 days of therapy, depending
on the clinical situation and the severity of illness. Dosing
schedules are becoming shorter as we gain more knowledge
about the natural history of otitis media. Some medications are
used as initial therapy, and others have been chosen for more
broad-spectrum use to help treat persistent infections and
resistant bacteria. Physicians generally make choices about the
type of antibiotic to use based on several factors, such as a
patient’s history (including any allergies), safety issues, and cost. It
is not unusual for ear infections to be treated with many different
types of antibiotics over a long period of time, perhaps several
months, in an effort to clear the infection and fluid in the middle
ear.
Decongestants and antihistamines, in conjunction with antibiotics,
were commonly used in the past for the treatment of otitis media.
It has been well documented that decongestants and/or
antihistamines are of little benefit for the treatment of routine ear
infections in children who do not have allergies.
Oral steroids have been tried, on occasion, for the treatment of
middle ear infections and fluid. These medications decrease
swelling of tissues. It has been difficult to determine exactly which
group of patients might benefit from these medications. The use
of steroids for new or acute ear infections is not indicated.
Likewise, treatment with steroids in the patient who has had
9. chronic otitis and fluid in the middle ear for many months is of
little benefit.
The placement of tympanostomy tubes (ear tubes) is the most
commonly performed surgical procedure in young children. It is
generally reserved for children whose infections have not
responded to multiple courses of antibiotics or when
complications occur, such as severe retraction of the eardrum,
scarring of the eardrum, hearing loss, and intermittent perforation
of the eardrum. Placement of the tubes is usually an outpatient
procedure.
Adenoidectomy is sometimes indicated in the treatment of
chronic otitis media. This is done in conjunction with placement of
ear tubes as an outpatient procedure. The indications for
adenoidectomy remain controversial. Generally, this procedure is
suggested when initial placement of ear tubes has failed and
reinsertion is being considered. It is recommended in older
children (above age 4) and when there is documented nasal
obstruction, sinusitis, or recurring upper respiratory infections. In
general, tonsillectomy is not recommended for the treatment of
otitis media.
What about hearing loss in the child with recurring ear
infections?
Whenever there is fluid in the middle ear space, there is a high
likelihood for hearing difficulties. Fortunately, this is treatable with
the use of antibiotics or by placing ear tubes to drain the middle
ear space. It is important to have hearing evaluated, especially
when considering a recurring history of ear infections and the
10. possibility of placement of tympanostomy tubes. Most hearing
loss caused by ear infections and middle ear fluid is readily
treatable. On rare occasions, children with recurrent ear infections
develop permanent hearing loss.
What is Sinuses?
The paranasal sinuses are air-filled pockets located within the
bones of the face and around the nasal cavity. Each sinus is
name for the bone in which it is located:
• Maxillary (one sinus located in each cheek)
• Ethmoid (approximately 6-12 small sinuses per side, located
between the eyes).
• Frontal (one sinus per side, located in the forehead)
• Sphenoid (one sinus per side, located behind the ethmoid sinuses,
near the middle of the skull)
Each of these pockets has an opening that connects to the nose.
This opening is called an ostium. The paranasal sinuses are
covered with a special lining (or epithelium). The lining secretes
mucus, a complex substance that keeps the nose and sinuses
moist. The sinus epithelium is ciliated; that is, each cell on its
surface has a cilium, which is a relatively long structure that has
the capacity to push sinus mucus. This movement of mucus
(which is known as mucociliary clearance) is not random; rather, it
is programmed so that the mucus moves along in a specific
pattern. The sinus do not ‘drain’ by gravity-it is an active process.
11. Epistaxis or Nasal Bleed
The inside of the nose is covered with moist, delicate tissue
(mucosa) that has a rich supply of blood vessels near the surface.
When this tissue is injured, even from a minor nick or scratch,
these blood vessels tend to bleed, sometimes heavily.
Nosebleeds near the front of the nose, called anterior nosebleeds,
are very common since this is the most accessible area to injury.
The most frequent location is the nasal septum, the wall between
the two sides of the nose. In most cases, this type of nosebleed is
not serious. It usually can be stopped with some local pressure
and a little patience.
Posterior bleeds usually drain down the back of the throat, but
can also bleed out of both nostrils. Also, in most cases of severe
nosebleeds, the person has another health problem, such as high
blood pressure or a bleeding disorder, or the person takes a
blood-thinning medication that slows down the blood-clotting
process.
Diagnosis
In otherwise healthy people, most mild anterior nosebleeds can
be self-diagnosed and treated at home. If your nosebleed is
severe and does not respond to first-aid measures, you will need
to see a doctor immediately.
The doctor will review your health history and current medications
12. Next, the doctor will examine your nose to determine where the
bleeding is located. If necessary, he or she may insert a lighted,
tube-like instrument called an endoscope into your nose to see
the site of bleeding. Blood tests may be done to check for any
bleeding abnormalities.
Treatment
If you are bleeding from the front of your nose, begin by trying
the following first-aid measures:
• Sit up (so your head is above the level of your heart), lean forward
slightly and breathe through your mouth.
• With your thumb and index finger, pinch the entire front of your
nose (just above your nostrils and below the hard, bony base) and
hold for five minutes.
• At the same time, use your other hand to apply an ice pack or a
plastic bag of crushed ice to the bridge of your nose to slow
blood flow.
• After you have pinched your nose for five minutes, release it to
see if your nose is still bleeding. Keep the ice pack on for another
10 to 15 minutes.
• If your nose is still bleeding, pinch it for an additional 10 minutes.
• Release your nose again. If you are still bleeding, seek emergency
medical help.
When simple first aid does not stop a nosebleed, your doctor may
treat the problem by:
• Applying medication directly to the inside of your nose to stop
the bleeding
13. • Sealing off (cauterizing) the injured blood vessel with a chemical,
such as silver nitrate, or with an electric probe
• Packing your nose with gauze or a sponge
• Using other methods, such as:
1. Laser therapy – A laser beam seals the bleeding blood vessel
2. Embolization – A special plug inserted into the bleeding vessel
blocks blood flow
3. Surgery – Ties off a selection of blood vessels
When To Call a Professional
If you cannot stop a nosebleed by using the first-aid measures,
call your doctor immediately or go to an emergency room.
Also, contact your doctor if blood continues to ooze from your
nose, especially if you also have persistent nasal stuffiness or a
foul-smelling nasal discharge. In older people, especially smokers,
these can be symptoms of a tumor inside the nose or sinuses. In a
young child, these may be signs that a foreign object is lodged in
a nostril.
When Is Sinus Surgery Necessary?
Most patients with chronic sinus infections don’t need surgery.
Medical treatment and lifestyle changes usually help improve your
condition or at least control your symptoms. But if they don’t,
surgery may be the best alternative.
What Happens During Sinus Surgery?
14. Today, functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) is the most
common surgical method to treat chronic sinus infections. In a
FESS procedure, the surgeon uses a magnifying endoscope
through the nostrils to see and remove affected tissue and
bone.In general, the goal of sinus surgery is to flush out infected
material, open up blocked passages, and keep enough healthy
tissue intact so that your nose and sinuses can function normally.
How Much Pain Is There With This Surgery?
Every patient tolerates pain differently. Most patients manage
sinus surgery pain with oral pain pills.
How Long Is Recovery Time?
Your recovery time depends on your overall health and the kind
of sinus surgery you have (ethmoidectomy, maxillary antrostomy,
or powered septoplasty with turbinoplasty). Usually, you should
plan to be away from work or school for at least 5 to 7 days after
surgery.
What is Microdebrider for sinus surgery?
Microdebrider is perhaps one of the most important innovations
that have been brought into the field of sinus surgery.The
microdebrider is a cylindrical instrument that has a hollow tube
with an inner and outer portion.At the end of the tube, both inner
and outer portions of the tube have a blade that cuts tissue as the
blades move back and forth. The catheter has continuous suction
applied to the device so that cut tissue is capture and removed
15. from the surgical area.Microdebrider assisted polypectomy is
precise, relatively bloodless surgery.
A lump in the neck
There can be many possible causes for a lump in the neck. It could
be caused by a skin condition, such as a cyst (SIST). Swelling of
the thyroid, lymph or salivary glands can produce a lump, which
could be anything from disease such as mumps to a more serious
condition like tuberculosis.
About laryngitis
Singers, public speakers and cheerleaders can sometimes lose
their voices. The condition is officially known as laryngitis (LAIR-
IN-JITE-IS), and is merely an irritation or inflammation of the voice
box and vocal cords.
Cancer of the mouth, pharynx, and larynx
The pharynx (FAIR-INKS) is the medical term for the throat. The
larynx is the voice box. Together with the mouth, they provide a
starting point for several types of cancer.
Chronic cough
A cough is your body’s natural way of clearing the windpipe and
bronchial tubes of secretion. It can also be a response to various
environmental irritants such as pollution or tobacco smoke.
Hoarseness prevention and treatment tips
Hoarseness may be nature’s way of getting back at people who
talk too much. Overuse of the voice is among the common causes
of this condition. Smoking is another.
16. The thyroid diagnosis
Your thyroid gland produces hormones that control your body’s
metabolism. Diagnosis of thyroid problems consists of a simple
blood test. The level of these hormones in the blood will quickly
determine whether or not your thyroid is functioning properly.
Throat cancer
Sometimes a little hoarseness is nothing more than the result of
overusing your voice, but it can also be the first sign of throat
cancer. Middle-aged men are most susceptible to cancer of the
throat or larynx.
Tonsillectomy
In the early part of the twentieth century, tonsillectomies
accounted for almost a third of all the surgeries performed in this
country. Removing the tonsils was a standard part of childhood.
Tonsillitis
The tonsils perform an invaluable service during infancy. From
their location at the back of the throat, they intercept bacteria
from the mouth and allow the body to create antibodies.
Treatment of your thyroid lump
If you have a thyroid lump, the first step is to determine its cause.
An ear, nose and throat specialist can run tests to determine the
level of hormones in your blood and whether your thyroid is
producing too much or too little of them.
Vocal cord facts
You talk on the phone; you talk to friends and family; you
17. probably talk as part of your job. Normal talking is what the vocal
cords were designed to do.
Voice disorders
Most parts of the body have specific ways of telling us something
is wrong. In the case of the larynx (LAIR-INKS), or voice box, the
normal symptom is hoarseness.
What are tonsils?
Tonsils are glands located on sides of your throat, just behind the
tongue. They can be seen with the naked eye. Their purpose is to
sample incoming bacteria from the mouth and create antibodies
to help the body deal with them.
What is a thyroid gland?
The thyroid gland is a small gland in your neck that fits around
the esophagus (EE-SOFF-AH-GUS) and windpipe. It produces
several hormones that are essential for controlling your body’s
metabolism.
What is strep throat?
Strep is the informal term for streptococcus (STREP-TOE-KOK-US),
a common bacteria that causes such symptoms as a sore throat,
swollen lymph glands and fever.
When is a thyroid gland abnormal?
The hormones produced by the thyroid gland control much of our
daily activities. If your thyroid is producing too much or too little
of these, it’s probably not operating properly.
18. TONSILLITIS
What are tonsils
Tonsils are a pair of glands situated in the mouth cavity on either
side below the tongue. They function as one of the “defence
mechanisms” of our body, fighting infections. They are active till
the age of 8 or 10
Should tonsils be removed ?
Tonsils should not be removed if the child is healthy. If they get
infected and become the cause of any illness, then they can be
removed. Whether their removal will cure the illness or not should
be determined. Only after confirmation should the “tonsil
operation” be carried out.
When should tonsils be removed ?
Removal of tonsils would be beneficial only under the following
circumstances :
• When the child develops fever with irritation or pain in the throat,
tonsils swell and they cause a sort of pain or stiffness in the neck.
In medical parlance, this is called “acute tonsillitis”. It occurs six or
seven times a year for a period of 2 years.
• When tonsils develop an abscess with pus it causes severe pain
even while swallowing saliva. The abscess has to be drained of the
pus by making a small cut on it. In such cases it is good to remove
the tonsils to avoid such repeated occurrences.
• Sometimes, tonsils get excessively enlarged causing problem in
swallowing food. And removal of tonsils does solve this problem.
19. • Infected tonsils which accumulate pus may sometimes release
toxic substances in the body. These toxins may infect heart,
kidney, skin and eyes. Before performing a heart operation or any
other major operation tonsils are removed. If cancer of tonsils is
suspected, tonsils are removed and examined.
Is the operation risky ?
The main risk is excess bleeding. The chances of death due to
excess bleeding are 1 per 10,000 operations. Generally treated as
a minor operation
Does removal of tonsils affect body’s defence against
infection ?
No. Tonsils are removed only when they get infected. Infected
tonsils are useless as a defence mechanism. And, removal of such
tonsils does not cause any harm.
What is the proper age at which operation is performed ?
If the operation is a must, due to the reasons described above,
then the age of the patient does not matter. Generally, it is
performed between the age of 4 to 8 years. In some instances, it
may have to be done at 2 or even at 55 years.
What care should be taken after operation ?
The patient regains consciousness usually after 2-3 hours. Till that
time he/ she should be kept in bed (lying on one side, and not flat
on his/her back), so that the saliva and blood accumulate in the
mouth and do not enter the breathing passage. After hours the
patient is given cold water first and then ice cream. It is possible
that on the first day the patient may have bloodstained saliva or
even some blood in the spittle. The patient may vomit once or
20. twice throwing out blackish blood. There is nothing to worry
about it. On the first day, mild fever and pain in the ear is also
known to occur. However, persistent red saliva or violent bloody
vomiting should be viewed seriously and the doctor must be
immediately informed about it. For a week after operation avoid
hot, strong & spicy food. Eat only cold, mild and bland food such
as kheer, rice, milk, curds etc.
How do we speak?
Two white folds, known as the true vocal folds, are present at the
inlet of our breathing pipe. These vocal folds allow us to talk when
they come together and vibrate. When they move apart, they
form an inverted “V” and allow air to enter the breathing pipe and
lungs for us to breathe.
What are the causes of voice disorders?
Infection, injury, paralysis, or tumours of the voice box may result
in a hoarse, breathy or painful voice. Children can occasionally be
born with an abnormal voice box. Vocal abuse and misuse may
lead to the formation of vocal nodules, polyps or cysts.
When should I consult a laryngologist?
A Laryngologist is an ENT Surgeon who specialized in the
diagnosis and management of disorders of the voice – box
(Larynx).
21. Please consult a Laryngologist in case of voice change persisting
for more than 2 weeks or in cases of repeated attacks of voice
change.
What tests will help diagnose the problem?
Diagnostic laryngoscopy which is seen on the T.V. monitor and
recorded. A diagnostic laryngoscopy study allows detection of
even vary early nodules, polyps, cancer etc.
This is an OPD procedure which is not painful. In small childrens a
flexible Telescope is used. Sometimes
What are treatment options available?
1. Infections of the larynx usually need Medications.
2. Small vocal nodules respond well to Speech Therapy.
3. However larger nodules, polyps and cysts need remove and state-
of-the art “Microlaryngeal surgery ” helps in achieving an
excellent post-operative voice with a scar less surgery.
If vocal fold paralysis does not improve in 6 months
then Thyroplasty surgery gives back a strong voice to the patient.
Voice surgeries can also be performed to change the pitch of the
voice to make the voice more “masculine” or “feminine”.
Who is an Audiologist?
The person who has a qualification of 4yrs degree course from a
recognized university in speech & hearing. It is desirable he/she
has completed 2 yrs masters degree programme also.
22. Who can Dispense of the Hearing Aid?
The person who has Indian Speech & Hearing
Association registered or bachelor degree holder audiologist.
Who needs a Hearing Aid?
1. If people complain that you are not following cessation.
2. If friends and family members complain that you do not respond
even if they call you by name.
3. If you feel that people talking around your are constantly
mumbling or their voices are blurry.
4. If you hear male voices better but have difficulty in following
women’s voices.
5. If you are missing common sounds of bikes or ringing of phone or
door bell.
6. Difficulty in following conversations in public or within a group of
people.
7. If you have difficulty hearing television and/or the telephone.
8. If you are frequently asking others to repeat themselves, even in
quiet rooms.
9. If people are complaining that you turn the TV Volume too high.
10. If you have trouble hearing birds or wind in the trees.
What cares should be taken after the fitting of a Hearing Aid?
FOR ADULTS
• AUDITIORY TRAINING
• REPROGRAMMING
• DETAILS PRODUCT TRAINING
23. FOR PEDIATRICS
• REGULAR MONITORING OF EAR MOULDS
• AUDITORY TRAINING
• SPEECH & LANGUAGE THERAPY
• PARENTAL TRAINING
• CARE OF ASSOCIATED PROBLEMS
How would you know whether or child has hearing loss or
not?
• Monotonous crying ( child has one type of crying, differential
crying cannot be heard)
• Child does not respond to loud sounds like by blinking eyes or
turning head.
• Cessation of activities, sudden crying
• Hyperactive
• Delayed speech & language development. ( a two year old normal
hearing child has a vocabulary of 270 words and a 3 year old
normal hearing child has 900 words)
• He/she does not respond if called from the other room.
• The child may speak too loudly or too softly.
• He/she may put T.V. or radio on high volume.
• The child may have difficulty paying attention for a continuous
period of time. He/She will not be able to focus and listen.
• The child may use lot of signs while speaking.
• The child may use only few words, and may not be able to speak
meaningful sentences.
What are price range of hearing aid?
24. It purely depends on the type of loss and daily needs of a person.
For example, a person of 45 years of age who usually attends 3-4
meetings in a day and has a hearing loss of moderate degree
would need a binaural directional fitting. Which might cost Rs.
50000/-
Which brand are good?
Nowadays different companies have different technology so as
per your need the audiologist will decide which brand suits you
best.
What types of speech and language disorders affect school
aged children?
These are the most common types of speech disorders that are
seen in school aged children:
• Speech sound disorders – (difficulty pronouncing sounds)
• Language disorders – (difficulty understanding what they hear as
well as expressing themselves with words)
• Cognitive-communication disorders – (difficulty with thinking
skills including auditory processing, perception, memory,
awareness, reasoning, judgment, intellect and imagination)
• Stuttering (fluency) disorders – (interruption of the flow of
speech that may include hesitations, repetitions, prolongations of
sounds or words)
• Voice disorders – (quality of voice that may include hoarseness,
nasality, volume (too loud or soft)
Do speech language disorders affect learning?
25. Since speech and language skills are essential to academic success
and learning, the ability to communicate with peers and adults in
a school setting is essential for a student to succeed in school.
Learning takes place through communication such as reading,
writing, gesturing, listening, and speaking and so strong skills in
all these make for a successful student.
How will a speech language disorder affect school
performance?
Children with communication disorders frequently do not perform
at grade level and may struggle with reading, have difficulty
understanding and expressing language, misunderstand social
cues, avoid attending school, show poor judgment, and struggle
with test taking. Difficulties in listening, speaking, reading, or
writing will lead to problems in production, comprehension, and
awareness of language sounds, syllables, words, sentences, and
conversations. Reading and writing problems will also lead way to
problems with communication, thinking, and learning.
How do I, as a parent, make sure that my child gets the
speech and language support that they need?
It is very important that if you notice that your child might be
showing signs of a speech disorder that they get assessed and/or
screened so that a treatment plan can be established. Speech Tails
offers a free assessment and will let you know where your child
stands in speech development when compared to their peers and
also offers a treatment plan based on the test results. If speech
therapy is needed, Speech Tails offers an online based speech
26. therapy that is convenient and effective in helping your child with
their speech disorder.
How do parents and school personnel work together to insure
that children get the speech-language support they need?
Parents and teachers should refer any student who shows signs of
a speech-language disorder or delay to the school-based child
study team. Screening, assessment, and treatment of
communication problems may involve cooperative efforts with:
• parents
• speech-language pathologists (SLPs)
• audiologists
• psychologists
• social workers
• classroom teachers
• special education teachers
• guidance counselors
• physicians
• dentists, and
• nurses.
SLPs work with diagnostic and educational evaluation teams to
provide comprehensive language and speech assessments for
students. Services to students with speech-language disorders
may be provided in individual or small group sessions, in
classrooms when teaming with teachers or in a consultative model
with teachers and parents. SLPs integrate students’ speech-
27. language goals with academic outcomes and functional
performance.
Cochleovestibular Lab
A Unique newly built SOUND TREATED ROOM has been
assembled in the Audiology Unit to offer a suitable environment
for audiological evaluations and equipped with high quality
imported equipments.
Sound Treated Room setup design are maintained to the scientific
standards ANSI-OSHA and EN ISO9001-2008.