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Doping refers to the use of performance-enhancing substances in competitive sports. The history of doping dates back to ancient times when Egyptian slaves and Greek athletes consumed substances to boost energy and endurance. In modern times, cyclists and other athletes in the late 19th century used stimulants like caffeine and cocaine. Common performance-enhancing substances include amphetamines, which stimulate the central nervous system and increase energy but also dehydration risk, and narcotics, which alter behavior and increase heart rate and breathing. Blood doping involves boosting red blood cells to enhance oxygen carrying capacity to muscles. However, doping increases health risks such as heart attack, blood clots, and dehydration.






