social psycho final assignment
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1) The document discusses various psychological concepts related to first impressions and judging people, including stereotyping, social influence, corfing, and operant conditioning. 2) It provides definitions and examples for each concept, such as how stereotyping involves classifying people into categories without considering individual variation, or how operant conditioning is learning through rewards and punishments for behaviors. 3) The examples show how these concepts can influence people's thoughts and actions, such as how Roy is initially seen as a good student but later gets influenced by his smoking friends.
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Sociologist Erving Goffman
Erving Goffman was a prominent Canadian-American sociologist born in 1922 in Alberta, Canada. He studied chemistry and sociology at the University of Manitoba and University of Toronto, collecting data for his doctoral dissertation on the Scottish island of Unst from 1949-1951. In 1958, he began teaching at the University of California, Berkeley where he published his influential books The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life in 1959 and Asylum in 1961. Goffman resigned from Berkeley in 1968 and took a position at the University of Pennsylvania, publishing Frame Analysis in 1974. Considered one of the most influential sociologists of the 20th century, Goffman examined how people manage impressions and adopt roles in social situations
Goffman
The document discusses Irving Goffman's concept that life is like a dramatic performance, with people presenting different versions of themselves in different social situations and contexts. Specifically, it outlines six ways in which people perform: (1) adopting different personas or masks for different situations, (2) how sincerely or cynically one enacts their persona, (3) using settings, props, and costumes to stage performances, (4) performing with other people as part of a team, (5) taking on specific roles and responsibilities within a team, and (6) bringing one's own individual personal style to their performances and roles.
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3) A mental asylum patient stabs their doctor with a needle and screams, causing a panic in the hospital.
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The document discusses Irving Goffman's concept that life is like a dramatic performance, with people presenting different versions of themselves in different social situations and contexts. Specifically, it outlines six ways in which people perform: (1) adopting different personas or masks for different situations, (2) how sincerely or cynically one enacts their persona, (3) using settings, props, and costumes to stage performances, (4) performing with other people as part of a team, (5) taking on specific roles and responsibilities within a team, and (6) bringing one's own individual personal style to their performances and roles.
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As a species, we are socialized from birth to compromise various aspects of one’s true identity in order to appeal to the primary caregiver. Consequently, we learn how to play roles in relationships very early in development. Yet, role-playing continues into adulthood and even across the lifespan. Every human interaction may be conceptualized from the vantage point of roles, as roles organize emotional experience, the hierarchy of power between individual s and groups, and the execution of tasks. Human relationships, therefore, revolve around inhibitions and resistances to authentic intimacy given that roles provide an architecture of human relatedness and fend off psychological fears and anxieties about closeness. In no other aspect of human life is this most apparent than in romantic relationships. We unconsciously coerce or “induce” others to act in accordance with our role preference, and in turn we are coerced or induced to act in accordance with the role preferences of others. These induced roles quickly set into motion a sequence of interactions that constricts a person’s relational freedom, thus straight jacketing the person into a role that, over time, becomes quite rigid and constraining. Understanding these induction processes, as well as the unconscious longings that generate them, are perhaps the most important keys to having fulfilling, surprising, and viable relationships. In this presentation, I will discuss these induction processes, explain why they are so prevalent, and offer my thoughts on how they may be avoided and/or dissolved.
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This document outlines ideas for six thriller film plots:
1) A woman is seen aiming a gun at someone, and the story flashes back to events leading up to this.
2) A teacher has hallucinations and a breakdown in front of his class, screaming at the students before police break down the door.
3) A mental asylum patient stabs their doctor with a needle and screams, causing a panic in the hospital.
4) A woman shoots her blind date during a restaurant meal, revealing a theme of revenge without context.
5) Teenage boys go missing one by one during a game of hide and seek in an isolated field with a woman obsessed with stealing children.
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Psychology film slides
1) Claudia forms a first impression of a guy she sees, thinking he is handsome based on his appearance. She also stereotypes him as studious for holding a book.
2) Claudia complains to her friend Nabila about being single for 19 years. Nabila comforts her and uses a fear-based appeal, saying she may be alone forever if she doesn't approach the guy.
3) When Claudia sees the guy showing public displays of affection with another male classmate by holding hands, it implies the guy she was interested in is in a relationship with someone else.
Presentationgoffman 141223055728-conversion-gate02
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Situation: “any physical area anywhere within which two or more persons find themselves in visual and aural range of one another.”
Framework
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Helps understand what’s happening
Belief in the role one is playing
Impression management
Character is the process added to individuals to turn them into persons
Masks
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Setting: the spaces are controlled
Appearance: non-verbal communications
Manner: also shows status and comfort
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Dependent on setting
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The debate: Is Goffman’s framework still applicable to the online world?
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Dramatic realisations
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Comparison of different views on the contemporaneity of Goffman’s ideas
Rethinking central assumptions of Goffman
Global situations (e.g. foreign exchange market) change forms of the Goffmanian interaction order
New concepts needed to explain global situations
Synthetic situation: People received by machine (phone etc); no co-location
Time transaction: Asyncronous
Globally-oriented interactionism abandons assumptions of Goffman
Physical presence
Focus on human interaction and human mutual monitoring
Local focus of a situation
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Global situations are synthetic situations... “that include electronically transmitted on-screen projections that add informational depth and new response requirements to the “ecological huddle” (Goffman 1964:135) of the natural situation”
Synthetic situations are defined as… “an environment augmented (and temporalized) by fully or partially scoped components—in which we find ourselves in one another’s and the scopic components’ response presence, without needing to be in one another’s physical presence.”
In-depth look at synthetic situations
Different types of synthetic situations involve different systematics of reciprocity, accountability, rule-governedness etc.
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The plot involves a protagonist recording a weekly video seemingly normally but references vague "fun" and "taking a stand" through murder. Visual cues and euphemistic descriptions imply stalking and killing while maintaining a cheerful demeanor. It ends with the smiling protagonist, revealing their psychosis to viewers but not victims. Technical elements like mise-en-scene, music,
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Social Psychology Video Clip slides
1) Claudia forms a first impression of a guy she sees, thinking he is handsome based on his appearance. She also stereotypes him as studious for holding a book.
2) Claudia complains to her friend Nabila about being single for 19 years. Nabila comforts her and uses a fear-based appeal, saying she may be alone forever if she doesn't approach the guy.
3) When Claudia sees the guy showing public displays of affection with another male classmate by holding hands, it implies the guy she was interested in is in a relationship with someone else.
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The document discusses how different social groups are represented in media products through binary opposition between protagonists and antagonists. It provides examples of how antagonists are often portrayed more negatively through use of dark lighting, masks, and sinister music or images, positioning them as the "bad guy." Meanwhile, protagonists tend to be represented more positively through use of lighter lighting, exposure of their facial emotions, and close-up shots that allow audiences to relate more and feel empathy for their vulnerable experiences of being victimized. This binary opposition technique is commonly used to clearly define the protagonist as the "goodie" that audiences should root for.
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Psychology film slides
1) Claudia forms a first impression of a guy she sees, thinking he is handsome based on his appearance. She also stereotypes him as studious for holding a book.
2) Claudia complains to her friend Nabila about being single for 19 years. Nabila comforts her and uses a fear-based appeal, saying she may be alone forever if she doesn't approach the guy.
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Erving Goffman was a Canadian-American sociologist born in 1922 in Alberta, Canada. He is considered one of the most influential microsociologists of the 20th century. Goffman viewed social life as a dramatic performance and developed the idea of impression management, where people attempt to control the perceptions others have of them. He argued that people act as performers playing roles on a social stage. Some of Goffman's most influential works include The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life (1959), Asylums (1961), and Frame Analysis (1974). Goffman saw individuals managing their public identities through techniques of impression management and viewed social interaction as a strategic ritual managed through facework.Goffman and the online world
Goffman and the online world Approaching Goffman's Presentation of Self
Duncan Chapple
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Erving Goffman ‘22-’83
Important, long-lasting impact
Field work mid-century in Shetlands
Became interested in micro-sociology
What’s happening in the kitchen
Goffman describes the offline world
Social interaction: “that which uniquely transpires in social situations—in environments in which two or more individuals are physically in one another’s response presence.”
Situation: “any physical area anywhere within which two or more persons find themselves in visual and aural range of one another.”
Framework
The stage
Helps understand what’s happening
Belief in the role one is playing
Impression management
Character is the process added to individuals to turn them into persons
Masks
Status
Setting: the spaces are controlled
Appearance: non-verbal communications
Manner: also shows status and comfort
Framework
Dramatic realisations
In the present of others, there are signals and signs
Dependent on setting
Members stress their habits and routines
Idealisation
Individuals incorporate and exemplify officially accredited values
Our own intentions are idealised: we think we are meeting society’s expectations
The debate: Is Goffman’s framework still applicable to the online world?
The stage
Status
Dramatic realisations
Idealisation
Comparison of different views on the contemporaneity of Goffman’s ideas
Rethinking central assumptions of Goffman
Global situations (e.g. foreign exchange market) change forms of the Goffmanian interaction order
New concepts needed to explain global situations
Synthetic situation: People received by machine (phone etc); no co-location
Time transaction: Asyncronous
Globally-oriented interactionism abandons assumptions of Goffman
Physical presence
Focus on human interaction and human mutual monitoring
Local focus of a situation
What constitutes global and synthetic situations?
Global situations are synthetic situations... “that include electronically transmitted on-screen projections that add informational depth and new response requirements to the “ecological huddle” (Goffman 1964:135) of the natural situation”
Synthetic situations are defined as… “an environment augmented (and temporalized) by fully or partially scoped components—in which we find ourselves in one another’s and the scopic components’ response presence, without needing to be in one another’s physical presence.”
In-depth look at synthetic situations
Different types of synthetic situations involve different systematics of reciprocity, accountability, rule-governedness etc.
Features of synthetic situations
Informational (perhaps less contextual, more on the matter at hand)
Temporal nature
Symbolic interaction partners (participants interact through symbolic ‘faces’ of both individuals and also the ‘collective’ as a mar
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The plot involves a protagonist recording a weekly video seemingly normally but references vague "fun" and "taking a stand" through murder. Visual cues and euphemistic descriptions imply stalking and killing while maintaining a cheerful demeanor. It ends with the smiling protagonist, revealing their psychosis to viewers but not victims. Technical elements like mise-en-scene, music,
Match definitions and examples
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Social Psychology Video Clip slides
1) Claudia forms a first impression of a guy she sees, thinking he is handsome based on his appearance. She also stereotypes him as studious for holding a book.
2) Claudia complains to her friend Nabila about being single for 19 years. Nabila comforts her and uses a fear-based appeal, saying she may be alone forever if she doesn't approach the guy.
3) When Claudia sees the guy showing public displays of affection with another male classmate by holding hands, it implies the guy she was interested in is in a relationship with someone else.
Eval 2
The document discusses how different social groups are represented in media products through binary opposition between protagonists and antagonists. It provides examples of how antagonists are often portrayed more negatively through use of dark lighting, masks, and sinister music or images, positioning them as the "bad guy." Meanwhile, protagonists tend to be represented more positively through use of lighter lighting, exposure of their facial emotions, and close-up shots that allow audiences to relate more and feel empathy for their vulnerable experiences of being victimized. This binary opposition technique is commonly used to clearly define the protagonist as the "goodie" that audiences should root for.
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CH Cooley & George Herbert Mead
THEORIES
Looking glass self & the self theory I & Me
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This document discusses the concept of stigma as it relates to mental illness. It defines stigma as a mark or sign that discredits a person and leads to social rejection through attitudes like fear, anger, pity and disgust. These negative attitudes can result in discrimination against those with mental illness in areas like housing, employment and education. The document also examines how stigma is exacerbated and perpetuated through misleading portrayals of mental illness in movies and media, and explores the cognitive and social psychological processes that underlie the development and maintenance of stigma.
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What is Self Concept? Factors Affecting Self Concept: 1. INTERACTION WITH INDIVIDUALS
2. ROLES WE ASSUME
3. SELF-LABELS
4. PERSONALITY
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This presentation was delivered at the Richmond MHC Stigma conference and was used to demonstrate how images and cultural attitudes create stigma in our community related to sex and drugs.
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We develop our self-concept in 3 phases: imagining how we present ourselves to others, imagining how others evaluate us, and developing feelings about ourselves based on that. However, our individual imaginations may produce incorrect interpretations of how others see us. There are also many "looking glasses" through which different groups view each other based on factors like gender, advertising, and political ideology.
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This document provides an introduction to social and community psychology. Social psychology seeks to understand individual behavior and mental processes in social situations, examining how social factors impact individuals and how one's actions are determined by their real or imagined social positions. Community psychology applies social psychological principles to understand cultural and environmental influences beyond the individual level. The document then reviews some core concepts of social psychology, including the social self, the looking glass self, and social comparison theory.
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The document defines and provides examples of different types of discrimination, including direct discrimination, indirect discrimination, positive discrimination, discrimination arising from disability, protected characteristics, stereotyping, and positive stereotyping. For each term, an example is given to illustrate how that type of discrimination could manifest in practice.
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This document is a student's journal entry discussing social loafing and experiences with the phenomenon. It describes an experience the student had in a group project where three members did not contribute while the student and two friends did all the work. The student heard those three did not want to help because others were already doing the work. Social loafing also negatively impacted another friend's group project where most members did not contribute and the workload fell on one person. The document concludes that social loafing occurs when individual efforts cannot be identified in a group task.
Journals phycho
EE Yun Shan's journals document key concepts in social psychology learned from their Social Psychology course. The concepts discussed include social loafing, where individuals put in less effort working in a group than alone; self-serving bias, where people attribute successes internally but blame failures on external factors; self-fulfilling prophecy, where expectations shape outcomes; confirmation bias, preferring information confirming one's beliefs; and observational learning, where behavior is learned through observing others. Examples are provided for each concept.
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The document describes a short film project created by students for a social psychology module. The film incorporates 5 key social psychology concepts: first impression, social influence, stereotyping, operant conditioning, and CORFing. It tells the story of students Zhao and Iggy who initially have a positive first impression of their classmate Roy based on his studious behavior. However, their impression changes after Roy begins smoking and associating with a group they have negatively stereotyped. The film shows how Roy's behavior changes due to social influence and how Zhao distances herself from his failures.
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This document provides an overview of sociological perspectives on the self. It discusses several influential sociological theorists and their views, including George Mead and his theory of the social self developed through social interactions, Charles Cooley's looking glass self formed from others' perceptions, and Henri Tajfel's social identity theory where self-esteem comes from group membership. Erving Goffman's dramaturgical model likens social life to a theatrical performance with impression management. Finally, Kenneth Gergen proposes the idea of a "saturated self" with constant online connections allowing for multiple contradictory perspectives rather than a singular true self.
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This document discusses sociological perspectives on the self from three theorists:
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2. Charles Cooley - The self is shaped by how we believe others perceive and evaluate us, termed the "looking-glass self".
3. Erving Goffman - People act out social roles like actors on a stage, managing impressions. The self depends on social situations and their definitions.
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This document provides an annotated bibliography on four communication theories: Social Penetration Theory, Social Judgment Theory, Agenda Setting Theory, and Communication Accommodation Theory. It summarizes three scholarly articles on Social Penetration Theory and how it has been taught or studied. The articles look at using movies or anonymous self-disclosure between classmates to help students understand the theory through relating it to their own experiences. The last article discusses how culture can influence self-disclosure and the progression of relationships.
S.Psy journals
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1- Discuss Cooley and his theory of socialization 2-Define the co.pdf
1- Discuss Cooley and his theory of socialization ?
2-Define the concept of socialization in detail?
3- Discuss Goffman and his theory of socialization. Discuss four of the phrases he used in his
analysis of social structure.such as front stage ,back stage impression management
4- Discuss the concept of anticipatory socialization and relate it to your life on campus ?
Solution
Ans 1 :Cooley and his theory of socialization :
The looking-glass self is a social psychological concept, created by Charles Horton Cooley in
1902 (McIntyre 2006), stating that a person\'s self grows out of society\'s interpersonal
interactions and the perceptions of others. The term refers to people shaping their self-concepts
based on their understanding of how others perceive them. Cooley clarified that society is an
interweaving and inter-working of mental selves. The term \"looking glass self\" was first used
by Cooley in his work, Human Nature and the Social Order in 1902.
There are three main components of the looking-glass self:
1. First, we imagine how we must appear to others.
2. Second, we imagine the judgment of that appearance.
3. Finally, we develop our self through the judgments of others.
Ans 2 : Concept of socialization :
Socialisation is a term used by sociologists, social psychologists, anthropologists, political
scientists, and educationalists to refer to the lifelong process of inheriting and disseminating
norms, customs, values and ideologies, providing an individual with the skills and habits
necessary for participating within their own society. Socialization is thus \"the means by which
social and cultural continuity are attained\".
Socialisation describes a process which may lead to desirable outcomes—sometimes labeled
\"moral\"—as regards the society where it occurs. Individual views on certain issues, for instance
race or economics, are influenced by the society\'s consensus and usually tend toward what that
society finds acceptable or \"normal\". Many socio-political theories postulate that socialization
provides only a partial explanation for human beliefs and behaviors, maintaining that agents are
not blank slates predetermined by their environment; scientific research provides evidence that
people are shaped by both social influences and genes. Genetic studies have shown that a
person\'s environment interacts with his or her genotype to influence behavioral outcomes.
Ans 2 : Goffman and his theory of socialization :
Dramaturgy is a sociological perspective commonly used in microsociological accounts of social
interaction in everyday life. The term was first adapted into sociology from the theatre by Erving
Goffman, who developed most of the related terminology and ideas in his 1959 book,The
Presentation of Self in Everyday Life.
In dramaturgical sociology it is argued that the elements of human interactions are dependent
upon time, place, and audience. In other words, to Goffman, the self is a sense of who one is, a
dramatic effect emergin.
PSY JOURNAL
The document discusses social psychology concepts including social loafing, social facilitation, stereotyping, confirmation bias, first impressions, and the halo effect. It provides examples from the author's personal experiences to illustrate each concept. The author describes encountering social loafing among group project members in high school, feeling more motivated to perform when competing with a cousin, and overcoming preexisting stereotypes about Malays through interactions during national service.
An Introduction to Social Psychology.pptx
This document provides an overview of social psychology. It defines social psychology as the scientific study of how people influence each other's thoughts, feelings, and behaviors through social interaction and social influence. There are three main areas of study in social psychology: social thinking, social influence, and social behavior. Social psychologists believe that human behavior is determined both by individual characteristics and the social situation, and that social situations often have a stronger influence on behavior than individual characteristics. The field of social psychology is compared to other disciplines that also study human social relationships, such as sociology, anthropology, clinical psychology, and positive psychology.
SociologyExchange.co.uk Shared Resource
Symbolic interactionism focuses on human behavior and views it as the result of conscious interpretation of symbols and meanings within social interactions, rather than being determined by social structures. Key concepts include the self developing through socialization and interactions, the looking glass self where individuals see themselves through the reflections of others, and labeling theory where deviance is created through the application of rules and labels to certain groups.
Social psychology presentation slides
1) A lecturer accuses the main character, Yon Li, of cheating on an exam despite Yon Li denying it. This is due to the lecturer's initial negative first impression of Yon Li as a troublemaker.
2) In the past, Yon Li bullied others but only through verbal taunts to achieve his goal of having a student steal exam papers, showing instrumental aggression.
3) Yon Li changed his ways after his mother fell ill, demonstrating extrinsic motivation to change upon hearing of her illness.
4) Unlike the lecturer, Yon Li's classmates noticed his change in attitude and behavior through social perception.
Sense of the self in the world
The document discusses how our sense of self is shaped by our social world through three main points:
1. Our social surroundings, such as the roles we play and social comparisons we make, influence how we develop our self-concept and see ourselves. Playing new roles can change how we think about ourselves, and comparing ourselves to others helps define our self-image.
2. Our experiences of success, failure, and how others judge us also impact our self-concept. Succeeding at challenges boosts our self-esteem while failures can diminish it. Others' positive views of us can help us see ourselves positively as well.
3. Culture provides social identities and expectations that shape our understanding of
Social psychology presentation slides
1) A lecturer accuses the main character, Yon Li, of cheating on an exam despite Yon Li denying it, due to the lecturer's initial negative impression of Yon Li as a troublemaker.
2) Flashbacks reveal that Yon Li used to bully others but had a change in attitude after his mother fell ill, working hard in school instead.
3) While the lecturer remains biased due to confirmation bias, Yon Li's classmates notice his change in behavior and motivation due to his mother's illness, showing the impact of social perception and extrinsic motivation on attitudes.
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Socialization is the lifelong process by which people learn their culture and acquire identities. It involves learning societal norms, values, and expectations. The ways socialization occurs can differ based on factors like race, gender, and class. Socialization is distinct from casual socializing as it has the purpose of learning one's culture rather than entertainment.
Ch 5 socialization.ppt
Socialization is the lifelong process by which people learn their culture and acquire a sense of self. It involves learning societal norms, values, and expectations. The ways socialization occurs can differ based on factors like race, gender, and class. It is distinct from simply socializing with others, as its purpose is to interact and learn from others like family and friends.
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2) In the entries, Cheok provides examples from their personal experiences to illustrate each concept, such as doing better at a simple task like planking when being watched by a friend, being less motivated to contribute to group projects, and rewarding their misbehaving dog with snacks for good behavior.
3) The journals show Cheok's understanding of key social psychology principles and how they observe these principles in their own daily life experiences
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social psycho final assignment
- 1. DON’T JUDGE A BOOK BY ITS COVER IGNATIUS JEE LEE JIA NIAN CHAU XET NEE AARON CHONG
- 3. SCENE 1 : FIRST IMPRESSION
- 4. FIRST IMPRESSION DEFINITION: First impression is the event when one person first encounters another person and forms a mental image of that person. EXAMPLE: For example, Chau forms a mental image of Roy as a hardworking student when she saw him doing his homework whereas his classmates is fooling around.
- 5. STEREOTYPING
- 6. SCENE 2 : STEREOTYPING
- 7. STEREOTYPING DEFINITION: Stereotype is a "fixed" way of thinking about people in which you classify others into specific categories without much room for individualism or variation. EXAMPLE: Roy is automatically classified as a good student when he joins a group of student who is hardworking.
- 9. SCENE 3 : SOCIAL INFLUENCE
- 10. SOCIAL INFLUENCE DEFINITION: Social influence is the process by which one’s thought and actions are affected by others. EXAMPLE: Roy is influenced by his friends when they invite him to smoke with them.
- 11. CORFING
- 12. SCENE 4 : CORFING
- 13. CORFING DEFINITION: Corfing refers to distancing of oneself from a group that performs poorly. EXAMPLE: Chau tries to distance herself from Roy and his group after she found out that they smoke and bully people.
- 15. SCENE 5 : OPERANT CONDITIONING
- 16. OPERANT CONDITIONING DEFINITION: Operant conditioning is a method of learning that occurs through rewards and punishments for the behavior. EXAMPLE: After receiving a penalty of RM50, Roy and his friend don’t dare to smoke in a non-smoking zone anymore.