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1. Science and
computer science:
the evolution of women over time

2. The evolution of woman over time
• The condition of women is changing much
in the time.
• In ancient times the woman was considered
inferior for her physical appearance and for
her abilities; she was excluded from
everyday activities including political,
sporting and social activities.
• In Ancient Greece, women were prohibited
from attending sporting events and applying
for public office. Their duty was to take care
of the house and look after their children.
• They didn't have right to vote and could not
exercise their will.

3. Women in
literature
• In English literature, many women
had published their books in an
anonymized form so as not to be
recognized as such.
• At the beginning of the eighteenth
century female discrimination was
still present but in these years
women had fight for her rights
and assumes an important role in
society
• Two examples are:
• Mary Shelley and Emily Dickinson

4. Mary Shelly's life
• She was born in 1797, she had a pioneer
feminist as mother and a radical thinker as
father.
• Both her parents was deep influenced by
ideals of French revolution and toke part
in a small group with other important man
of the time.
• Every day Romanitic poet visited her home
so he was most influenced by them.
• In 1814 She and Shelly fled to France and
toke an house on the banks of Lake and
here she had the inspirations for
Franckenstein’s book.
• 1816 e She began to write Frankenstein
which was published anonymously in
1818.
• In 1822 they moved to Lercy and her
husband died.1823 he return to England
1851 she died.

5. Emily Dickinson
• Emily Dickinson was born into a middle-class puritan family
in 1830.
• She received her education from the university of Mount
Holyoke Female Seminary. She refused to declare her faith in
public, as sayed the puritan tradition, and decided to left the
university and come back at home.
• She started a life of seclusion in which she wore cloths with
for protest and she did never left father's house, except for
some walks in the garden.
• She talked only with her sister and many person through
letters, where she written beautiful thinks.
• She participated at the campaign for the abolition of slavery
and the campaign for women's rights.
• She died in 1886 and four years later the literary critic
Thomas Higginson select her works and public a book in
1890
“Forever is
composed of nows.”
― Emily Dickinson

6. Women in
science
Since ancient times, women have contributed significantly to scientific
development.
Doctors, physicists, mathematicians, biologists: history abounds with
women who have made science their reason for living, very often
encountering difficulties and prejudices from a society that did not
recognize the right weight and the enormous contribution they gave to
the scientific sector.
In the last century many things have changed, but perhaps today the
path is still full of difficulties in certain aspects.
I talk about two woman
Rosalin Franklin and Margaret Hamilton

8. Rosalind Franklin
• Who Was Rosalind Franklin?
• Rosalind Elsie Franklin was born into an influential Jewish family on July 25,
1920, in Notting Hill, London, England.
• She received her education at several schools, including North London Collegiate
School, where she excelled in science, among other things.
• Early Years
• In the fall of 1946, Franklin was work at the Laboratoire Central des Services
Chimiques de l'Etat in Paris, where she worked with crystallographer Jacques
Mering. He taught her X-ray diffraction, which would play an important role in her
research of the structure of DNA
• DNA, Scientific Discoveries and Credit Controversy
• In January 1951, Franklin began working as a research associate at the King's
College London in the biophysics unit, where director John Randall used her
expertise and X-ray diffraction techniques (mostly of proteins and lipids in solution)
on DNA fibers. Studying DNA structure with X-ray diffraction, Franklin and her
student Raymond Gosling made an amazing discovery: They took pictures of DNA
and discovered that there were two forms of it, a dry "A" form and a wet "B" form.
One of their X-ray diffraction pictures of the "B" form of DNA, known as
Photograph 51, became famous as critical evidence in identifying the structure of
DNA
• Deception and death
• Franklin had a personality conflict with colleague Maurice Wilkins. In January
1953, Wilkins changed the course of DNA history by disclosing without Franklin's
permission or knowledge her Photo 51 to competing scientist James Watson, who
was working on his own DNA model with Francis Crick at Cambridge. The two
scientists did, in fact, use what they saw in Photo 51 as the basis for their famous
model of DNA, which they published on March 7, 1953, and for which they
received a Nobel Prize in 1962.
• Franklin died of ovarian cancer in 1958, at age 37.
https://youtu.be/nPfKdzREL5Q

9. The Story Of Margaret Hamilton
• Margaret Heafield Hamilton (born
August 17, 1936) is an American
computer scientist, systems
engineer and business owner. She
was director of the Software
Engineering Division of the MIT
Instrumentation Laboratory, which
developed on-board flight software
for NASA's Apollo program.
• The landing on the moon was
possible thanks to the courage and
extraordinary strength of she. In fact,
his calculations allowed the
astronauts to complete the mission
and set foot on the moon for the first
time.
• On November 22, 2016, Hamilton
received the Presidential Medal of
Freedom from President Barack
Obama for her work leading to the
development of on-board flight
software for NASA's Apollo Moon
missions.
Looking back, we were
the luckiest people in
the world. There was no
choice but to be
pioneers; no time to be
beginners.
Margaret H. Hamilton
It is always great
when people take
interest in your work.
Margaret H.
Hamilton
https://vimeo.com/346909809

10. The role of
women in
today's world
• The role of women in today’s world has
changed significantly and for better.
Women are now self-sufficient, well
aware and financially independent.
They have attained immense success in
every field, whether it is sports, politics
or academics. With the encouragement
of co-education, women are now
marching side by side with men, in
every walk of life.