The document presents a summary of domain specific IoT systems by Ms. R. R. Mahalle. It introduces IoT, how IoT works based on M2M communication, and common IoT protocols like MQTT and CoAP. Applications of IoT are discussed for agriculture, smart cities, health, home automation and more. K-nearest neighbors and naive bayes algorithms are described for computing IoT data. The future scope of IoT includes low power sensing, high efficiency connectivity, and reliable communication.

1. Presented By:
Ms. R. R. Mahalle
ID: 16055017
First Year, M.Tech.(ESC)
Guided By:
S. S. Mathurkar
Assistant Professor,
Department of Electronics Engineering
Government College of Engineering, Amravati
(An Autonomous Institute of Government of Maharashtra)
Department of Electronics Engineering
A presentation on
“Domain Specific IoT Systems”
Picture Courtesy- Refrence[7 ]

2. Content
 Introduction
 IoT Working
 Applications of IoT
 Future Scope
 Conclusion
 References

3. o The Internet of things is the interworking of physical devices, vehicles
,buildings and other items embedded with electronics, software, sensors,
actuators, and network connectivity that enable these objects to collect and
exchange data.
o The IoT is Based On the M2M Connections between the various
devices, sensors, software etc.
o IoT allows objects to be sensed and controlled remotely across existing
network infrastructure, creating opportunities for more direct integration
between the physical world and computer-based systems, and resulting in
improved efficiency, accuracy and economic benefit.
Internet of Things(IoT)
Picture Courtesy- Refrence[6]

4. o The 'Internet of Things' basically works by M2M (Machine to Machine)
communication, in which physical objects or 'Things' function by interacting with
each other. The user can assess, analyze and control the functioning of his 'Things'.
o It based on built-in hardware and software to send and receive data via various
communication protocols.
o The Internet of Things (IoT) consists of all the web-enabled devices that collect,
send and act on data they acquire from their surrounding environments using
embedded sensors, processors and communication hardware.
IoT Working
Picture Courtesy- Refrence[5]

5. Fig: The Five layer architecture of IoT
Business Layer
Middleware Layer
Network Layer
Perception Layer
Application Layer
o Architecture of IoT :
IoT Working

6.  IoT Protocols
Most frequently used protocols for making Machine-to-Machine (M2M) communication in
IoT are:
1. MQTT (Message Queue Telemetry Transport)
o MQTT is a subscribes messaging transport protocol. The protocol runs over TCP/IP or over
other network protocol that provided ordered, lossless, bi-directional connections.
o It provides Features of one-to-many message distribution
o It also required less bandwidth and low power as compare to the http
IoT Working

7. 2. CoAP (Constraint Application Protocol)
• CoAP is a specialized web transfer protocol for use with constrained nodes and
constrained networks
• CoAP provides a request and response interaction model between application end
points
• CoAP is designed to friendly interface with HTTP for integration with the Web while
meeting specialized requirements such as multicast support, very low overhead and
simplicity for constrained environments

8. o Algorithms for IoT
The Algorithms used for computing of data in IoT are:
1. K-nearest neighbors algorithm
2. Case Based Reasoning
3. Naive Bayes

9. 1. K-nearest neighbors algorithm
• KNN is an non parametric lazy algorithm.
• K decides how many neighbors influence in the classification, this is usually an odd number
Name Acid durability
(X1)
Strength
(X2)
Class
Type-1 7 7 Bad
Type-2 7 4 Bad
Type-3 3 4 Good
Type-4 1 4 Good
Task: For Type-5 Tissue, Find Class
for Acid durability(X) = 3
Strength(Y)=7 and K=3
Example:

10. Step1: Calculate Distance
Formula: D=squrt((X1-X)²+(X2-Y)²), Where, X=3 and Y=7
Name Acid durability
(X1)
Strength
(X2)
Distance(D)=squrt((X1-X)²+(X2-Y)²)
Type-1 7 7 Squrt((7-3)²+(7-7)²)=4
Type-2 7 4 5
Type-3 3 4 3
Type-4 1 4 3.6
Distance Rank It is included in 3
nearest Neighbor
4 3 Yes
5 4 No
3 1 Yes
3.6 2 Yes
Step2: Determine Nearest Neighbor
Now Cosider K=3

11. Name Acid
durability
(X1)
Strength
(X2)
Distance Rank It is included
in 3 nearest
Neighbor
Category Z
Type-1 7 7 4 3 Yes Bad
Type-2 7 4 5 4 No ---
Type-3 3 4 3 1 Yes Good
Type-4 1 4 3.6 2 Yes Good
Step3: Gather the Category Z of the nearest neighbor
Step4: Use simple majority of the category of the nearest neighbor
We have seen that there are two goods and one bad, the prediction is based on the. Therefore the type-5
tissue is belongs to Class-Good.

12. Applications of IoT
o Agriculture
o Smart Cities
o Education
o Health
o Home Automation
o Environment
o Industry
Picture Courtesy- Refrence[7]

13.  IOT IN AGRICULTURE
Applications of IoT
o IoT applications for smart agriculture: Smart Irrigation ,Green House
Control
o Smart irrigation system can improve crop yields while saving water.
• Smart irrigation systems use IoT devices with soil moisture
sensors to determined the amount of moisture on the soil and
release the flow of the water through the irrigation pipes only
when the moisture levels go below a predefined threshold.
• It also collect moisture level measurements on the server on in
the cloud where the collected data can be analyzed to plan
watering schedules.

14.  IOT IN AGRICULTURE
Applications of IoT
Figure: Field crop monitoring system
based on IoT
Picture Courtesy- Refrence[3]

15.  IOT IN AGRICULTURE
Applications of IoT
o Senors-
• DHT11 temperature sensor
• Humidity sensor
• Light Sensor-LDR
o Arduino microcontroller
o NRF24LO1 transmitter and receiver
Picture Courtesy- Refrence[2]

16.  Smart Cities
Applications of IoT
o IoT applications for smart cities : Smart Parking ,Lighting for Road,
Smart Road, Structural Health Monitoring, Surveillance, Emergency
Response
o Smart Parking- Finding the parking space in the crowded city can be
time consuming and frustrating
• Smart parking makes the search for parking space easier and
convenient for driver.
• It can detect the number of empty parking slots and send the
information over the Internet to the smart parking applications
which can be accessed by the drivers using their smartphones,
tablets, and in car navigation systems.
• Sensors are used for each parking slot to detect whether the slot
is empty or not, and this information is aggregated by local
controller and then sent over the Internet to database.
Figure: Smart Parking
System
Picture Courtesy- Refrence[4]

17.  Smart Cities
Applications of IoT
Units of Smart parking system
o Parking Sensors: Infrared, Passive Infrared(PIR) and Ultrasonic Sensors.
o Processing Unit: It comprises of Raspberry pi
o Mobile application: The mobile application acts like an interface for the
end users to interact with the system.
o The Cloud: The IBM MQTT server is hosted on cloud.

18. o IoT will derive the future technology, with various innovation and creative
product.
o The IoT can be used different sectors, the IoT based smart home will save
power consumption up to 10%
o Following subsection show three example of the IoT trend will matter:
- Low power sensing unit
- High Efficiency in connectivity
- Reliable communication
Future Scope

19. Conclusions
o The IoT has potential to add new aspect to our way of living by allowing communication with
and among smart objects.
o In IoT based crop monitoring system, the water usage is 90% more efficient than any other
traditional and other modern irrigation methods.
o Smart parking facilities and traffic management systems have always been at the core of
constructing smart cities. The issue of parking in the current situation gets minimize by
providing real time information regarding availability of parking slots in a parking area in iot
based parking system.

20. References
 Papers:
[1] Surapon Kraijak, Panwit Tuwanut(2015) A survey on IoT architectures,
protocols, applications, security, privacy, real world implementation and future trends. 11th
International Conference on Wireless Communications, Networking and Mobile Computing
(WiCOM 2015).
[2] Roshna Chettri ,Shrijana Pradhan, Lekhika Chettri (2015) Internet of Things: Comparative
Study on Classification Algorithms (k-NN, Naive Bayes and Case based Reasoning) International
Journal of Computer Applications.
[3] Rajalakshmi.P, Mrs.S.Devi Mahalakshmi(2016) IOT Based Crop-Field Monitoring And
Irrigation Automation, 10th International Conference on Intelligent Systems and Control (ISCO).
[4]Abhirup Khanna; Rishi Anand(2016) IoT based smart parking system. International
Conference on Internet of Things and Applications (IOTA)

21.  Website:
[5] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_of_things#Applications on dated-23/04/2017
[6] http://www.clipartpanda.com/categories/person-thinking-with-question-mark
Dated on- 24-04-2017
[7]https://www.sharedfordata.net/khusuma?utm_campaign=profiletracking&utm_medium=sssite
&utm_source=ssslideview Dated on-22-
[8] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_of_things#Applications on dated-07/12/2016
04-2017
References