This document discusses dog breeds, characteristics, and methods of physical restraint. It begins by providing a brief history of dogs and their domestication. It then covers scientific classification, terminology, popular dog breeds from around the world, weights of different breed sizes, dog biology/reproduction, behavioral characteristics, and various physical restraint methods including leashes, muzzles, towels, and improvised devices. Physical restraint aims to safely control dogs during handling or medical procedures.

1. DOGS BREED AND
CHARACTERISTICS &
RESTRAINING
PREPARED BY
MD. MEHADI HASAN JOY
LEVEL-5;SEMESTER-1
FACULTY OF VETERINARY SCIENCE
BANGLADESH AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY,MYMENSINGH.

2. HISTORY
• THE DOG, CANIS LUPUS FAMILIARIS, IS A CANINE MAMMAL OF THE ORDER
CARNIVORA
• IT HAS BEEN ARGUED THAT THE DOG HAS BEEN DOMESTICATED FOR 12,000
YEARS, BUT PERHAPS FOR AS LONG AS 150,000 YEARS BASED ON RECENT
GENETIC EVIDENCE.
• DOGS ARE INTEGRAL PART OF THE HUMAN ENVIRONMENT IN BANGLADESH
AND MANY OTHER COUNTRIES.

3. SCIENTIFIC CLASSIFICATION
KINGDOM : ANIMALIA
PHYLUM : CHORDATA
SUB-PHYLUM : VERTEBRATA
CLASS : MAMMALIA
ORDER : CARNIVORA
FAMILY : CANIDAE
GENUS : CANIS
SPECIES : CANIS LUPUS
SUB-SPECIES : C.L. FAMILIARIS

4. TERMINOLOGY
• DOG, IN COMMON URGE REFERS TO THE DOMESTIC DOG, CANIS LUPUS
FAMILIARIS (ORIGINALLY CLASSIFIED AS CANIS FAMILIARIS BY LINNAEUS IN
1758, BUT RECLASSIFIED AS A SUB-SPECIES OF THE WOLF CANIS LUPUS).
• BITCH IS A FEMALE DOG WHO IS CAPABLE OF BREEDING OR HAS BRED.
• PACK IS USED TO DENOTE A GROUP OF DOGS.
• PUPPY IS A JUVENILE DOG.
• POOCH, POCHIE, DOGGY, PUP, PUPSIE, DOGGY OR DOGGIE IS ALL INFORMED
AND AFFECTIONATE TERMS FOR A DOG OFTEN USED BY CHILDREN.

5. BREEDS OF DOGS
CHIHUAHUA MIX AND GREAT DANE Purebreed chihuahua puppy and
a great dane

6. BREEDS OF DOGS(CONT.)
Affenpinscher(Germany, France) Alano Español (Spain)

7. BREEDS OF DOGS(CONT.)
American Bulldog (United States) American Pit Bull Terrier (United States)

8. BREEDS OF DOGS(CONT.)
Ariege Pointer (France)
Afghan Hound
(Afghanistan)

9. BREEDS OF DOGS(CONT.)
Alaskan Klee Kai (United States) American Cocker Spaniel (United States)

10. BREEDS OF DOGS(CONT.)
American Staffordshire Terrier (United States) Ariegeois (France)

11. BREEDS OF DOGS(CONT.)
Aidi (Morocco) Alaskan Malamute (United States)

12. BREEDS OF DOGS(CONT.)
American Eskimo Dog (Germany) Armenian Gampr dog (Armenia)

13. BREEDS OF DOGS(CONT.)
Airedale Terrier (England) Alpine Dachsbracke (Austria)

14. BREEDS OF DOGS(CONT.)
American Foxhound (United States) Anatolian Shepherd Dog (Turkey)

15. BREEDS OF DOGS(CONT.)
Artois Hound (France) Akbash (Turkey)

16. BREEDS OF DOGS(CONT.)
Australian Cattle Dog (Australia) American Hairless Terrier (United States)

17. BREEDS OF DOGS(CONT.)
Akita Inu (Japan) Appenzeller Sennenhund (Switzerland)

18. BREEDS OF DOGS(CONT.)
Australian Kelpie (Australia) Basenji (Democratic Republic of the Congo)

19. BREEDS OF DOGS(CONT.)
Belgian Shepherd Dog (Malinois) (Belgium) Basque Shepherd Dog (Spain)

20. BREEDS OF DOGS(CONT.)
Beagle (England) Basset Artésien Normand (France)

21. BREEDS OF DOGS(CONT.)
Bergamasco Shepherd (Italy) Black Norwegian Elkhound(Norway)

22. BREEDS OF DOGS(CONT.)
Bearded Collie (Scotland) Bernese Mountain Dog (Switzerland)

23. BREEDS OF DOGS(CONT.)
Bichon Frisé, Spain (Belgium) Bucovina Shepherd Dog (Romania)

24. BREEDS OF DOGS(CONT.)
Canaan Dog (Israel) Canadian Eskimo Dog (Canada)

25. BREEDS OF DOGS(CONT.)
Boerboel (South Africa)
Brazilian Terrier (Brazil)

26. BREEDS OF DOGS(CONT.)
Cane Corso (Italy) Cão da Serra de Aires (Portugal)

27. BREEDS OF DOGS(CONT.)
Broholmer (Denmark) Bully Kutta (Pakistan)

28. Dog Breed in Bangladesh
Sarail Hound
of Bangladesh
Stray dogs
. Dogs in Rapid Action Battalion
(RAB) Dog Squad, Bangladesh
Police

29. TABLE. WEIGHTS OF SELECTED BREEDS OF DOGS.
Breed Male Female
(kg) (lb) (kg) (lb)
Toy
Pekingese 3.2-5 7-11 3.6-5.4 8-12
Toy poodle <2.3 <5 <2.5 <5
Pug 6.3-8.2 14-18 6.3-8.2 14-18
Chihuahua <2.3 <5 <2.3 <5
Pomeranian 1.8-3.2 4-7 1.4-2.7 3-6
Dachshund 5 11 5 11

30. TOY BREEDS
Pekingese Toy poodle

31. TOY BREEDS
Pug Chihuahua

32. TOY BREEDS
Pomeranian Dachshund

33. TABLE. WEIGHTS OF SELECTED BREEDS OF
DOGS.
Breed Male Female
(kg) (lb) (kg) (lb)
Medium
German shorthair pointer 25-32 55-70 23-30 50-65
Springer spaniel 22-25 49-55 20-23 45-50
Afghan 27 60 23 50
Labrador retriever 27-34 60-75 25-32 55-70
Greyhound 30-32 65-70 27-32 60-70
German shepherd
(Alsatian)
36-57 80-125 <45 <100
Pointer 25-34 55-75 20-30 45-65

34. MEDIUM BREEDS
German shorthair pointer Springer spaniel

35. MEDIUM BREEDS
Afghan Labrador retriever

36. MEDIUM BREEDS
Greyhound German shepherd (Alsatian)

37. TABLE. WEIGHTS OF SELECTED BREEDS OF
DOGS.
Breed Male Female
(kg) (lb) (kg) (lb)
Giant
Irish wolfhound >54 >120 48 >105
Saint Bernard 68-90 150-200 <80 <175
Great Pyrenees 45-57 100-125 40-52 90-115
Great Dane >54 >120 45 >100

38. GIANT BREEDS
Irish wolfhound Saint Bernard

39. GIANT BREEDS
Great Pyrenees Great Dane

40. BIOLOGY
ANATOMY
POWERFUL MUSCLE
FUSED WRIST BONE
CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM- SUPPORTS BOTH
SPRINTING AND ENDURANCE
TEETH- FOR CATCHING AND TEARING

41. REPRODUCTION
 SEXUAL MATURITY: 6 – 12 MONTHS
 GESTATION PERIOD: 63 DAYS
 AVERAGE LITTER SIZE: 6 PUPPIES

42. DANGER POTENTIAL
• A DOG'S ONLY WEAPONS ARE ITS LARGE CANINE TEETH AND TO A LESSER
EXTENT THE TOENAILS.
• SCRATCHES FROM A DOG ARE USUALLY NOT SERIOUS, BUT A BITE FROM A
LARGE ALSATIAN OR SAINT BERNARD CAN BOTH DISFIGURE AND DISABLE.
• IF A DOG ATTACKS, PROTECT THE FACE WITH A HAND OR AN ARM.
• SOME DOGS HAVE TRAINED OFFENSE RESPONSES (GUARD DOGS).

43. BEHAVIORAL CHARACTERISTICS
1. THE STRAY OR FREE-ROAMING DOG THAT HAS LITTLE ASSOCIATION WITH
PEOPLE EXCEPT, PERHAPS, WHEN FED.
2. IF OWNED, THE OWNER MAY BE AFRAID OF THE DOG. THESE DOGS MUST BE
HANDLED AS IF THEY ARE WILD CANIDS BECAUSE THEY ARE LIABLE TO BITE
WITH THE SLIGHTEST PROVOCATION.
3. THE WELL-CARED-FOR PET OR WORKING DOG. FORTUNATELY MOST DOGS
ARE IN THIS CATEGORY. THEY ARE DOCILE AND RESPOND TO A LOW-
PITCHED SOOTHING VOICE AND SLOW, DELIBERATE HANDLING

44. BEHAVIORAL CHARACTERISTICS(CONT.)
4. THE EXTREMELY NERVOUS, FRIGHTENED DOG. THIS DOG CAN BE
RECOGNIZED BY AN ANXIOUS EXPRESSION, RAPID MOVEMENTS OF THE HEAD,
AND CONSTANT PRICKING OF THE EARS IN RESPONSE TO EVERY SOUND OR
MOVEMENT.
5. THE VICIOUS, AGGRESSIVE DOG. MANY OF THESE DOGS ARE LARGE, ARE
CAPABLE OF INFLICTING SERIOUS INJURY, AND WILL BITE WITH LITTLE OR NO
PROVOCATION. THESE DOGS DO NOT ALWAYS EXHIBIT AGGRESSIVENESS IN AN
OBVIOUS MANNER BUT SIGNS OF POTENTIAL VICIOUSNESS CAN BE SEEN. THE
HEAD IS HELD LOW AND THESE DOGS WILL NOT LOOK DIRECTLY AT YOU.

45. PHYSICAL RESTRAINTS
THE LEASH IS AN IMPORTANT DEVICE. THE LEATHER AND CHAIN LEASHES USED BY
OWNERS WHEN THEY WALK THEIR DOGS ARE RARELY SUITABLE FOR RESTRAINT.
THE LIGHT LEATHER STRAP CAN BE BITTEN THROUGH BY A FRIGHTENED OR
ANGRY DOG, AND THE SWIVEL ATTACHMENTS ARE USUALLY FLIMSY. COLLARS
VARY GREATLY IN DESIGN.
 THEIR FUNCTION IS TO CARRY IDENTIFICATION PLATES OR TAGS, KILL FLEAS, OR
LOOK PRETTY . IT IS VIRTUALLY IMPOSSIBLE TO PLACE A COLLAR TIGHTLY ENOUGH
AROUND THE NECK TO PRECLUDE A DETERMINED DOG FROM SLIPPING OUT OF IT.
THE ONLY COLLAR THAT IS TRULY SAFE FOR RESTRAINT IS A CHOKE CHAIN.

46. PHYSICAL RESTRAINTS (CONT.)
Various collars for dogs. Choke chain used to train and control dogs.

47. PHYSICAL RESTRAINTS (CONT.)
Leash threaded through a
hinged door to safely
administer a sedative to a
vicious or aggressive dog.
An officer was attacked by an
aggressive dog (Pitbull).

48. PHYSICAL RESTRAINTS (CONT.)
BY USING OF HAND
• PUPPIES OF ANY BREED CAN BE
HANDLED WITH EASE. PLACE ONE
HAND UNDER THE ABDOMEN AND
CHEST TO GIVE SUPPORT . IN
ALMOST ALL INSTANCES PUPPIES
RESPOND QUIETLY, OFFERING NO
RESISTANCE.
BY USING OF SNAR
• SNARE OR NET THE DOG TO PULL IT
OUT OF THE CAGE, WHERE A
MUZZLE MAY BE APPLIED OR A SEDA-
TIVE GIVEN (SEE THE FIGURE
BELOW-RIGHT).

49. PHYSICAL RESTRAINTS (CONT.)
Proper way to lift and carry
a puppy or small dog.
Snare used to remove a vicious dog
from a cage.

50. PHYSICAL RESTRAINTS (CONT.)
 BY USING 0F MUZZLE
• EARLY APPLICATION OF A
MUZZLE ACTUALLY
REDUCES THE NEED FOR
ADDITIONAL RESTRAINT.
ONCE THE MUZZLE IS IN
PLACE THE DOG WILL
OFTEN "GIVE UP" AND
STOP
STRUGGLING. SEVERAL
TYPES OF MUZZLES CAN
BE USED
Plastic muzzle Leather or cloth muzzle
The closed ended basket muzzle

51. PHYSICAL RESTRAINTS (CONT.)
Always use a basket-style muzzle on
a dog with a short face such as
Boston Terriers or Bulldogs so you do
not interfere with their breathing
This open-ended style of muzzle should
fit snuggly. The dog should be able to
stick its tongue out but should not be
able to open the mouth any wider.

52. PHYSICAL RESTRAINTS (CONT.)
BY USING OF
TOWEL
• BY PLACING OF A TOWEL
OVER THE DOG TO
PARTIALLY BLIND IT
• THE FRIGHTENED OR
NERVOUS DOG IS MAINLY
CONTROLLED BY THIS
METHOD Nervous or frightened dog may
be calmed by placing a towel
over it.

53. PHYSICAL RESTRAINTS (CONT.)
BY USING OF TABLE
• TO LIFT A MEDIUM TO LARGE SIZED DOG FROM THE FLOOR, SQUAT NEXT TO THE
DOG AND PLACE ONE ARM AROUND THE DOG'S CHEST IN FRONT OF THE
FORELIMBS.
• THE OTHER ARM IS PLACED UNDER THE ABDOMEN. PULL THE DOG TOWARD YOUR
BODY TO SHIFT THE WEIGHT NEARER TO YOUR LEGS.
• THEN STAND UP (SEE THE FIGURES IN NEXT SLIDE). IF THE DOG STRUGGLES, PULL
IT TIGHTLY AGAINST YOUR CHEST OR SET THE ANIMAL DOWN ON A TABLE (SEE THE
FIGURES IN NEXT SLIDE).

54. PHYSICAL RESTRAINTS (CONT.)
Dog restrained on a table

55. PHYSICAL RESTRAINTS (CONT.)
Proper method of lifting a gentle dog.

56. PHYSICAL RESTRAINTS (CONT.)
BY USING OF GAUZE BANDAGE
• VICIOUS DOGS CANNOT BE HANDLED IN THIS MANNER LEST THE HANDLER BE
BITTEN. A MUZZLE CAN BE CONSTRUCTED FROM A PIECE OF 5-CM (2-IN.)
GAUZE BANDAGE OR A SMALL CORD.
• FORM A LOOP LARGE ENOUGH TO DRAPE OVER THE MOUTH OF THE ANIMAL,
KEEPING THE HAND SOME DISTANCE AWAY (SEE THE FIGURES IN NEXT SLIDE).
• DOGS THAT ARE MUZZLED REPEATEDLY MAY LEARN THE TRICK OF BLOWING
ON THE LIGHT GAUZE LOOP AS ONE ATTEMPTS TO PLACE IT OVER THE JAWS.

57. PHYSICAL RESTRAINTS (CONT.)
The length must be adequate to
wrap around the muzzle at least
twice, then tie behind the ears.
A large loop is made in the center of
the length of gauze. The loop should
be about 3 times the diameter of the
dog's muzzle.

58. PHYSICAL RESTRAINTS (CONT.)
The loop is placed around the
muzzle and pulled tight on the top of
the nose. A single knot is tied.
The ends of the gauze are then tied
under the jaw with a single knot.

59. PHYSICAL RESTRAINTS (CONT.)
Completing the muzzle: the
strand ends are wrapped around
the dog's muzzle, crossed
beneath the jaw and tied in a bow
behind the ears.
The long ends of the gauze are brought behind
the ears and tied in either a square knot or a easy
release bow. Prefer to tie a square knot and have
a scissors handy in case the muzzle needs to be
quickly removed.`

60. PHYSICAL RESTRAINTS (CONT.)
BY USING OF DENTAL SPECULUM
• IF IT IS NECESSARY TO KEEP THE MOUTH OPEN FOR AN EXTENDED PERIOD, A
SPECIAL DENTAL SPECULUM (SEE THE FIGURE IN NEXT SLIDE) OR DOWEL
SPECULUM (SEE THE FIGURE IN NEXT SLIDE) MAY BE USED.
• IF A DENTAL SPECULUM IS USED ON AN UNSEDATED DOG, THE SPECULUM
MAY POP OF THE MOUTH AND HIT THE HANDLERS OR BYSTANDERS.

61. PHYSICAL RESTRAINTS (CONT.)
Canine mouth speculum in
place for oral examination.
Dowel speculum holding the mouth
open for passage of a stomach tube.

62. PHYSICAL RESTRAINTS (CONT.)
 BY USING ELIZABETHAN COLLARS
• ELIZABETHAN COLLARS PREVENT SELF-MUTILATION.
• THESE CAN BE PLACED ON THE ANIMAL IN EITHER NORMAL OR REVERSE
POSITION.
• SIMILAR COLLARS CAN BE IMPROVISED FROM SHEETS OF PLASTIC, LARGE
BOTTLES, OR BUCKETS.

63. PHYSICAL RESTRAINTS (CONT.)
Elizabethan collars for dogs.

64. MISCELLANEOUS PROCEDURES OF
RESTRAINING BY USING OF PLATFORM SCALE
• LARGER DOGS MUST BE PLACED ON A PLATFORM SCALE .
• SMALL TO MEDIUM-SIZED DOGS CAN BE SUSPENDED AND WEIGHED FROM A
HANGING SCALE .

65. MISCELLANEOUS PROCEDURES
OF RESTRAINING
Weighing a dog with a hanging scale. Weighing a dog.

66. CHEMICAL RESTRAINTRAINING
TABLE. SEDATIVE AND CHEMICAL IMMOBILIZING AGENTS USED IN
DOGS.
Agent Dosage (mg/kg) Effect
Xylazine 2.2 IM Immobilization
Tiletamine/Zolazepam (Telazol) 3-5 IM, SC Immobilization
Butorphanol or 0.2-0.5 IM Sedation to
Combine with immobilization
Acepromazine 0.02 IM
Acepromazine 0.05-0.22 IM Sedation
Oxymorphone 0.02-0.06 IM Sedation
Note: Atropine (0.03 mg/kg) is often administered when using immobiliz-
ing agents.

67. BLOOD COLLECTION
Alternate methods for holding a
dog for cephalic intravenous
injections.
To place a catheter or obtain
blood from the lateral saphenous
vein

68. TRANSPORTATION OF DOG
• DOGS ARE USUALLY AMENABLE TO ANY TYPE OF TRANSPORT .
• THEY CUSTOMARILY RIDE FREE IN AUTOMOBILES BUT MUST BE CONFINED IN
CARRYING CRATES FOR AIR SHIPMENT.
• SOME DOGS ARE SUSCEPTIBLE TO MOTION SICKNESS .
• CHLORPROMAZINE HYDROCHLORIDE (0.55-1.1 MG/KG) IS APPROPRIATE
PREVENTIVE MEDICATION TO BE GIVEN PRIOR TO SHIPMENT

69. TRANSPORTATION OF DOG(CONT.)
Transport for dogs.