PaaS Solutions for Regulated Workloads
DogFoodCon
Jeremy Gray
Microsoft
Cloud Solution Architect, Financial Services
10/5/2018
© Microsoft Corporation
Introduction
© Microsoft Corporation
Contents
## Introduction
## Applicable Service Updates
## Overview
## Perimeter Security
## Identity and Access Management
## Vulnerability Management
## Logging and Monitoring
## Resource Governance
© Microsoft Corporation
Leading edge
regulatory compliance
capabilities
empowering
financial services
Customers are moving!
90% of the "Too Big to Fail” financial institutions
are now committed to the Microsoft Cloud…
Institution is
accountable & in control
Regulator
Right to Examine
Over 100 financial services regulators
engaged in last 4 years“The cloud is inevitable…
But right now the timing
isn’t right.”
“Tell me how to get
there in a safe &
regulatory
compliant way…”
TODAY…
FIVE YEARS AGO…
Microsoft Confidential 4
Online
Services
(All Customers)
Financial
services
Amendment
(FS Only)
Financial Services
Compliance
Program
(FS Only)
© Microsoft Corporation
USGovGlobalRegionalIndustry
Azure covers 72 compliance offerings
Azure has the deepest and most comprehensive compliance coverage in the industry
 ISO 27001:2013
 ISO 27017:2015
 ISO 27018:2014
 ISO 22301:2012
 ISO 9001:2015
 ISO 20000-1:2011
 SOC 1 Type 2
 SOC 2 Type 2
 SOC 3
 CSA STAR Certification
 CSA STAR Attestation
 CSA STAR Self-Assessment
 WCAG 2.0 (ISO
40500:2012)
 FedRAMP High
 FedRAMP Moderate
 EAR
 DoE 10 CFR Part 810
 NIST SP 800-171
 NIST CSF
 Section 508 VPATs
 FIPS 140-2
 ITAR
 CJIS
 IRS 1075
 PCI DSS Level 1
 GLBA
 FFIEC
 Shared Assessments
 FISC (Japan)
 APRA (Australia)
 FCA (UK)
 MAS + ABS (Singapore)
 23 NYCRR 500
 HIPAA BAA
 HITRUST
 21 CFR Part 11 (GxP)
 MARS-E
 NHS IG Toolkit (UK)
 NEN 7510:2011 (Netherlands)
 FERPA
 CDSA
 MPAA
 DPP (UK)
 FACT (UK)
 SOX
 Argentina PDPA
 Australia CCSL / IRAP
 Canada Privacy Laws
 China GB 18030:2005
 China DJCP (MLPS) Level 3
 Singapore MTCS Level 3
 Spain ENS
 Spain DPA
 UK Cyber Essentials Plus
 UK G-Cloud
 UK PASF
 China TRUCS / CCCPPF
 EN 301 549
 EU ENISA IAF
 EU Model Clauses
 EU – US Privacy Shield
 Germany C5
 DFARS
 DoD DISA SRG Level 5
 DoD DISA SRG Level 4
 DoD DISA SRG Level 2
 Germany IT-Grundschutz workbook
 India MeitY
 Japan CS Mark Gold
 Japan My Number Act
 Netherlands BIR 2012
 New Zealand Gov CC Framework
https://aka.ms/AzureCompliance
© Microsoft Corporation
Resources
© Microsoft Corporation
All offers and claims are void
No warranty expressed or implied
Compliance is more than technical
controls
The Trust Center is your friend
Disclaimer
© Microsoft Corporation
This is why I think PaaS is a compelling option for regulated workloads, it contracts away your responsibility.
Customer Responsibility Model
IaaS PaaS SaaS
App Configuration Azure Customer Azure Customer Azure Customer
Application Azure Customer Azure Customer Azure
Platform Azure Customer Azure Azure
OS Azure Customer Azure Azure
Network Azure Azure Azure
Risk management across service models
On-Prem IaaS PaaS SaaS
Data classification and accountability
Client & end-point protection
Identity & access management
Application level controls
Network controls
Host Infrastructure
Physical Security
Provider management of risk
Physical | Networking
Customer management of risk
Data Classification and data accountability
9
© Microsoft Corporation
http://aka.ms/fsiblueprint
© Microsoft Corporation
Azure changes every week and some amazing updates have happened since the publishing of this blueprint.
Services Updates
Service Endpoints
You can isolate ingress into the following PaaS
services to a specific Azure vNet.
• Azure Storage
• Azure SQL Database
• Azure Database for PostgreSQL
• Azure Database for MySQL
• Azure CosmosDB
• Azure Key Vault
• Azure SQL Data Warehouse
• Azure Service Bus
• Azure Event Hubs
• Azure Monitor
Product Updates
• Global vNet peering
• P2 JIT access
• Azure Policy
• Azure SQL Data retention
• App Service vNet integration
• Add more
New Products
• Azure Security Center
• Compliance Manager
• Azure DDos Protection
• Managed Service Identity
• AKS
• Immutable Storage
• Azure Firewall
• Add more
© Microsoft Corporation
Overview
Azure Key Vault
Azure Storage
Operations
Management Suite
Microsoft Azure
Azure
Active Directory
Azure
Monitor
Systems
engineering
Workload Identity, secrets & access management
System health monitoring
Storage Networking
ExpressRoute VPN
Gateway
Suggested
connection
mechanisms to
Azure
Azure DNS
Network
security groups
Web App
Firewall
Application
Gateway
Resource
group
Users
CNAME record:
custom domain to
Application Gateway
hostname
Azure management
portal
Key
Public
Encrypted in Azure
App Service
Automation
Application
Insights
Azure
Runbooks
TLS
TLS
Azure Security
Center
Load
Balancer
WebApp
worker pools
WebApp
Azure SQL
Database
© Microsoft Corporation
Whoa
© Microsoft Corporation
Perimeter Security - Applications
Microsoft Azure
Web App
Firewall
Application
Gateway
AzureFirewallSubnet
Users
TLS
Resource
group
App Service
Load
Balancer Web App
Function App
subnet-ase-app
Application Insights
My
Virtual
network
Azure SQL
Azure Key Vault
Blob StorageAzure Firewall
Service
Endpoint
subnet-gateway
User Defined Route (UDR)
resource + region tag
Service
Endpoint
Service
Endpoint
© Microsoft Corporation
Perimeter Security - Operations
Systems
engineering
DevOps
Administrator
subnet-bastion
Bastion Host
VM Extensions
1. OMS Agent
2. Antimalware
Microsoft Azure
subnet-ase-app
subnet-other-vm
subnet-build-agents*
Management Portal
Command Line Interface
Just in Time
Access
Audit-ready
Just Enough
Access
Privileged Admin
Workflow
Azure AD Privileged Identity Management
© Microsoft Corporation
© Microsoft Corporation
© Microsoft Corporation
Feel Better?
© Microsoft Corporation
• Web Application Firewall
• Hardened VM Images via Azure marketplace
• Azure Security Center
• Anti-malware extension
• Intrusion Detection System (IDS)
• File Integrity Monitoring (FIM)
• Azure Monitor (formerly known as OMS)
• Log Monitoring and Alerting
Vulnerability Management
© Microsoft Corporation
Azure Security Center
© Microsoft Corporation
Configure Data Collection
© Microsoft Corporation
Configure Policy – Policy Per Subscription
© Microsoft Corporation
Configure Policy – Management Groups
© Microsoft Corporation
Azure Monitor
Metrics
Logs
Application Container VM Monitoring
Solutions
Insights
Dashboards Views Power BI Workbooks
Visualize
Metrics Explorer Log Analytics
Analyze
Alerts Autoscale
Respond
Event Hubs Ingest &
Export APIs
Logic Apps
Integrate
Azure Monitor
Custom Sources
Application
Operating System
Azure Resources
Azure Subscription
Azure Tenant
Logging
Management Solutions – From Marketplace
Jump to Application Map or VM Map
Monitor health state of all resources
Drill down into failures or perf issues
See alerts firing across app & infra
Monitor ExpressRoute connectivity
to virtual networks and O365
Secure and audit your network with
Network Watcher Traffic Analytics
Monitor connectivity to LoB apps
with Service Connectivity Monitor
Discover and monitor ExpressRoute
circuits, across subscriptions
Configure Pre- or Post-Deployment
Quality Gates in Azure Pipelines
Native IDE integrations in VS (.NET)
and VS Code (Node.js)
Run Load Test or Multi-Step Web Test
for Synthetic Perf Monitoring
Onboard with Azure Pipelines Release
Management & DevOps Projects
Continuous Monitoring for DevOps & IT Ops
Work Item Management with Azure
Boards for filing bugs and tracking
Alerts & Notifications with automated
actions & ITSM integrations
Integrate your existing APM/Monitoring
solutions with Azure Monitor
Azure Monitor is best for Azure, and
provides both APM & SIEM capabilities
Route telemetry to your SIEM solutions
for analytics & security management
Open and extensible to continue using
your favorite tools & solutions
Integration with Monitoring & SIEM Tools
Integrate your existing APM/Monitoring
solutions with Azure Monitor
Azure Monitor is best for Azure, and
provides both APM & SIEM capabilities
Route telemetry to your SIEM solutions
for analytics & security management
Open and extensible to continue using
your favorite tools & solutions
Integration with Monitoring & SIEM Tools
© Microsoft Corporation
Azure Compliance Manager
Launched through Service Trust Portal
© Copyright Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
Common Thread in Security Incidents
SPEAR PHISHING
EMAIL
EXPLOIT KIT
or
INFECT
USER
MOVE ACROSS
THE NETWORK
INFECT THE
DATA CENTER
ADVERSARY
COMMANDS STEAL
DATA
Common Thread in Security Incidents on Public Clouds
SPEAR PHISHING
EMAIL
EXPLOIT KIT
or
INFECT USER MOVE ACROSS
INFRASTRUCTURE
ADVERSARY
COMMANDS STEAL
DATA
$
INCREASE
COSTS
EXPLOIT APPS & SERVICES ON
CLOUD INFRASTRUCTURE
HUMAN
ERRORS
DISRUPT
APPS & SERVICES

Running Regulated Workloads on Azure PaaS services (DogFoodCon 2018)

  • 1.
    PaaS Solutions forRegulated Workloads DogFoodCon Jeremy Gray Microsoft Cloud Solution Architect, Financial Services 10/5/2018
  • 2.
  • 3.
    © Microsoft Corporation Contents ##Introduction ## Applicable Service Updates ## Overview ## Perimeter Security ## Identity and Access Management ## Vulnerability Management ## Logging and Monitoring ## Resource Governance
  • 4.
    © Microsoft Corporation Leadingedge regulatory compliance capabilities empowering financial services Customers are moving! 90% of the "Too Big to Fail” financial institutions are now committed to the Microsoft Cloud… Institution is accountable & in control Regulator Right to Examine Over 100 financial services regulators engaged in last 4 years“The cloud is inevitable… But right now the timing isn’t right.” “Tell me how to get there in a safe & regulatory compliant way…” TODAY… FIVE YEARS AGO… Microsoft Confidential 4 Online Services (All Customers) Financial services Amendment (FS Only) Financial Services Compliance Program (FS Only)
  • 5.
    © Microsoft Corporation USGovGlobalRegionalIndustry Azurecovers 72 compliance offerings Azure has the deepest and most comprehensive compliance coverage in the industry  ISO 27001:2013  ISO 27017:2015  ISO 27018:2014  ISO 22301:2012  ISO 9001:2015  ISO 20000-1:2011  SOC 1 Type 2  SOC 2 Type 2  SOC 3  CSA STAR Certification  CSA STAR Attestation  CSA STAR Self-Assessment  WCAG 2.0 (ISO 40500:2012)  FedRAMP High  FedRAMP Moderate  EAR  DoE 10 CFR Part 810  NIST SP 800-171  NIST CSF  Section 508 VPATs  FIPS 140-2  ITAR  CJIS  IRS 1075  PCI DSS Level 1  GLBA  FFIEC  Shared Assessments  FISC (Japan)  APRA (Australia)  FCA (UK)  MAS + ABS (Singapore)  23 NYCRR 500  HIPAA BAA  HITRUST  21 CFR Part 11 (GxP)  MARS-E  NHS IG Toolkit (UK)  NEN 7510:2011 (Netherlands)  FERPA  CDSA  MPAA  DPP (UK)  FACT (UK)  SOX  Argentina PDPA  Australia CCSL / IRAP  Canada Privacy Laws  China GB 18030:2005  China DJCP (MLPS) Level 3  Singapore MTCS Level 3  Spain ENS  Spain DPA  UK Cyber Essentials Plus  UK G-Cloud  UK PASF  China TRUCS / CCCPPF  EN 301 549  EU ENISA IAF  EU Model Clauses  EU – US Privacy Shield  Germany C5  DFARS  DoD DISA SRG Level 5  DoD DISA SRG Level 4  DoD DISA SRG Level 2  Germany IT-Grundschutz workbook  India MeitY  Japan CS Mark Gold  Japan My Number Act  Netherlands BIR 2012  New Zealand Gov CC Framework https://aka.ms/AzureCompliance
  • 6.
  • 7.
    © Microsoft Corporation Alloffers and claims are void No warranty expressed or implied Compliance is more than technical controls The Trust Center is your friend Disclaimer
  • 8.
    © Microsoft Corporation Thisis why I think PaaS is a compelling option for regulated workloads, it contracts away your responsibility. Customer Responsibility Model IaaS PaaS SaaS App Configuration Azure Customer Azure Customer Azure Customer Application Azure Customer Azure Customer Azure Platform Azure Customer Azure Azure OS Azure Customer Azure Azure Network Azure Azure Azure
  • 9.
    Risk management acrossservice models On-Prem IaaS PaaS SaaS Data classification and accountability Client & end-point protection Identity & access management Application level controls Network controls Host Infrastructure Physical Security Provider management of risk Physical | Networking Customer management of risk Data Classification and data accountability 9
  • 10.
  • 11.
    © Microsoft Corporation Azurechanges every week and some amazing updates have happened since the publishing of this blueprint. Services Updates Service Endpoints You can isolate ingress into the following PaaS services to a specific Azure vNet. • Azure Storage • Azure SQL Database • Azure Database for PostgreSQL • Azure Database for MySQL • Azure CosmosDB • Azure Key Vault • Azure SQL Data Warehouse • Azure Service Bus • Azure Event Hubs • Azure Monitor Product Updates • Global vNet peering • P2 JIT access • Azure Policy • Azure SQL Data retention • App Service vNet integration • Add more New Products • Azure Security Center • Compliance Manager • Azure DDos Protection • Managed Service Identity • AKS • Immutable Storage • Azure Firewall • Add more
  • 12.
    © Microsoft Corporation Overview AzureKey Vault Azure Storage Operations Management Suite Microsoft Azure Azure Active Directory Azure Monitor Systems engineering Workload Identity, secrets & access management System health monitoring Storage Networking ExpressRoute VPN Gateway Suggested connection mechanisms to Azure Azure DNS Network security groups Web App Firewall Application Gateway Resource group Users CNAME record: custom domain to Application Gateway hostname Azure management portal Key Public Encrypted in Azure App Service Automation Application Insights Azure Runbooks TLS TLS Azure Security Center Load Balancer WebApp worker pools WebApp Azure SQL Database
  • 13.
  • 14.
    © Microsoft Corporation PerimeterSecurity - Applications Microsoft Azure Web App Firewall Application Gateway AzureFirewallSubnet Users TLS Resource group App Service Load Balancer Web App Function App subnet-ase-app Application Insights My Virtual network Azure SQL Azure Key Vault Blob StorageAzure Firewall Service Endpoint subnet-gateway User Defined Route (UDR) resource + region tag Service Endpoint Service Endpoint
  • 15.
    © Microsoft Corporation PerimeterSecurity - Operations Systems engineering DevOps Administrator subnet-bastion Bastion Host VM Extensions 1. OMS Agent 2. Antimalware Microsoft Azure subnet-ase-app subnet-other-vm subnet-build-agents* Management Portal Command Line Interface
  • 16.
    Just in Time Access Audit-ready JustEnough Access Privileged Admin Workflow Azure AD Privileged Identity Management
  • 17.
  • 18.
  • 19.
  • 20.
    © Microsoft Corporation •Web Application Firewall • Hardened VM Images via Azure marketplace • Azure Security Center • Anti-malware extension • Intrusion Detection System (IDS) • File Integrity Monitoring (FIM) • Azure Monitor (formerly known as OMS) • Log Monitoring and Alerting Vulnerability Management
  • 21.
  • 22.
  • 23.
    © Microsoft Corporation ConfigurePolicy – Policy Per Subscription
  • 24.
    © Microsoft Corporation ConfigurePolicy – Management Groups
  • 25.
  • 26.
    Metrics Logs Application Container VMMonitoring Solutions Insights Dashboards Views Power BI Workbooks Visualize Metrics Explorer Log Analytics Analyze Alerts Autoscale Respond Event Hubs Ingest & Export APIs Logic Apps Integrate Azure Monitor Custom Sources Application Operating System Azure Resources Azure Subscription Azure Tenant Logging
  • 27.
    Management Solutions –From Marketplace
  • 28.
    Jump to ApplicationMap or VM Map Monitor health state of all resources Drill down into failures or perf issues See alerts firing across app & infra
  • 29.
    Monitor ExpressRoute connectivity tovirtual networks and O365 Secure and audit your network with Network Watcher Traffic Analytics Monitor connectivity to LoB apps with Service Connectivity Monitor Discover and monitor ExpressRoute circuits, across subscriptions
  • 30.
    Configure Pre- orPost-Deployment Quality Gates in Azure Pipelines Native IDE integrations in VS (.NET) and VS Code (Node.js) Run Load Test or Multi-Step Web Test for Synthetic Perf Monitoring Onboard with Azure Pipelines Release Management & DevOps Projects Continuous Monitoring for DevOps & IT Ops Work Item Management with Azure Boards for filing bugs and tracking Alerts & Notifications with automated actions & ITSM integrations
  • 31.
    Integrate your existingAPM/Monitoring solutions with Azure Monitor Azure Monitor is best for Azure, and provides both APM & SIEM capabilities Route telemetry to your SIEM solutions for analytics & security management Open and extensible to continue using your favorite tools & solutions Integration with Monitoring & SIEM Tools
  • 32.
    Integrate your existingAPM/Monitoring solutions with Azure Monitor Azure Monitor is best for Azure, and provides both APM & SIEM capabilities Route telemetry to your SIEM solutions for analytics & security management Open and extensible to continue using your favorite tools & solutions Integration with Monitoring & SIEM Tools
  • 33.
    © Microsoft Corporation AzureCompliance Manager Launched through Service Trust Portal
  • 34.
    © Copyright MicrosoftCorporation. All rights reserved.
  • 35.
    Common Thread inSecurity Incidents SPEAR PHISHING EMAIL EXPLOIT KIT or INFECT USER MOVE ACROSS THE NETWORK INFECT THE DATA CENTER ADVERSARY COMMANDS STEAL DATA
  • 36.
    Common Thread inSecurity Incidents on Public Clouds SPEAR PHISHING EMAIL EXPLOIT KIT or INFECT USER MOVE ACROSS INFRASTRUCTURE ADVERSARY COMMANDS STEAL DATA $ INCREASE COSTS EXPLOIT APPS & SERVICES ON CLOUD INFRASTRUCTURE HUMAN ERRORS DISRUPT APPS & SERVICES

Editor's Notes

  • #2 https://www.linkedin.com/in/thejeremygray/
  • #3 Rock my linked in https://www.linkedin.com/in/thejeremygray/
  • #5 *“Too Big to Fail” meaning Globally Systemically Important Financial Institutions (G-SIFI) as defined by the Fiscal Stability Board. Note: excludes Chinese G-SIFIs. *”Committed to our Cloud” refers to those with online service terms in place and/or those that are actively deploying Just a short time ago most financial institutions were not prepared to even discuss moving to the Cloud. Microsoft formed a financial services Cloud Advisory Council with top global financial institutions and has held multiple regulatory summits around the world. Based on these learnings Microsoft developed special terms and a Compliance Program for financial institutions. This has led hundreds of financial institutions to go to the Cloud with Microsoft, including 27 out of the 34 (excludes China) Global Systemically Important Financial Institutions (GSIFI’s), otherwise known as “Too Big to Fail” – as of September 2016. More GSIFIs and financial institutions of all sizes are moving to the Cloud every month.
  • #6 See https://aka.ms/AzureCompliance for more information. Jan-2018: Azure compliance coverage includes 72 offerings. Latest addition: APRA (Australia)
  • #7 https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/trustcenter https://aka.ms/AzureCompliance https://aka.ms/azure-pci
  • #8 I’m not an auditor, this foundational architecture was built for illustration and should be discussed with your internal compliance team and external auditors. You can put a 100% correct technology in place and not have the administrative, change management, vendor management, access control management, governance, human resources, and risk business functions in place and be WAY out of compliance. If you wanted to see if a specific product within azure fits within a specific industry or regional compliance offering…here is the link https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/trustcenter/compliance/complianceofferings
  • #9  if you have control over a setting, you must answer for its compliance.
  • #10 Customers of Microsoft Azure are ultimately responsible for their own compliance. The following describe the various responsibilities of Microsoft, their customers, or both to achieve compliance across SOC, ISO, NIST, PCI-DSS, etc.
  • #11 https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/security/blueprints/pcidss-paaswa-overview
  • #12 Note that Service Endpoints allow you to lock traffic, but they add other security issues for egress from the VNET. You need to also add Azure Firewall or an NVA with FQDN filtering to prevent data exfiltration
  • #13 This is the visio directly from the service trust link https://servicetrust.microsoft.com/ViewPage/PCIBlueprint (Azure Security and Compliance Blueprint - PCI-DSS PaaS WebApp Overview) I’m going to break down a lot of these items in later slides, but I just wanted to show the overview.
  • #15 Secure architecting for Azure: https://myignite.techcommunity.microsoft.com/sessions/66926 I need to add in App Service vNet integration (I just saw this in preview and I haven’t looked at all, has anyone used it or know what it looks like)
  • #16 Talk about Azure AD P2 PIM for administrators Practical guide for using Azure Security Center to protect hybrid cloud environment: https://myignite.techcommunity.microsoft.com/sessions/65950 Azure Active Directory security insights with Conditional Access, Identity Protection, and reporting: https://myignite.techcommunity.microsoft.com/sessions/66656
  • #17 16
  • #21 Some references Anti-malware: https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/security/azure-security-antimalware | https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/powershell/module/servicemanagement/azure/set-azurevmmicrosoftantimalwareextension?view=azuresmps-4.0.0 FIM: https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/security-center/security-center-file-integrity-monitoring IDS: https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/network-watcher/network-watcher-intrusion-detection-open-source-tools | https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/security-center/security-center-detection-capabilities CIS Hardened images available in Azure Marketplace: https://azuremarketplace.microsoft.com/en-us/marketplace/apps?search=center%20for%20internet%20security&page=1&filters=partners%3Bpay-as-you-go
  • #26 Monitoring your networks in Azure: https://myignite.techcommunity.microsoft.com/sessions/66293
  • #27 https://azuremarketplace.microsoft.com/en-us/marketplace/apps/category/management-tools?page=1&subcategories=management-solutions https://azuremarketplace.microsoft.com/en-us/marketplace/apps/category/management-tools?page=1&subcategories=monitoring-diagnostics
  • #28 I drew this, be kind
  • #29 1. Activity Log Analytics (marketplace, see link) 2. Azure Networking Analytics (https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/log-analytics/log-analytics-azure-networking-analytics) 3. Azure SQL Analytics (https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/log-analytics/log-analytics-sql-assessment?toc=/azure/monitoring/toc.json) 4. Change Tracking (marketplace, see link) 5. Key Vault Analytics (marketplace, see link) 6. Service Map (https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/monitoring/monitoring-service-map) https://azuremarketplace.microsoft.com/en-us/marketplace/apps/category/management-tools?page=1&subcategories=management-solutions
  • #32 Build the right solution for your business by Continuous DevOps Monitoring and Learning https://myignite.techcommunity.microsoft.com/sessions/66593
  • #33 Everything about Azure Monitor telemetry and building integration with ITSM/SIEM tools https://myignite.techcommunity.microsoft.com/sessions/66187
  • #34 Everything about Azure Monitor telemetry and building integration with ITSM/SIEM tools https://myignite.techcommunity.microsoft.com/sessions/66187
  • #35 https://techcommunity.microsoft.com/t5/Security-Privacy-and-Compliance/Announcing-Compliance-Manager-general-availability/ba-p/161922