Surrogacy is when a woman agrees to become pregnant and give birth to a child for intended parents. There are two main types - traditional surrogacy, where the surrogate uses her own eggs and is biologically related to the child, and gestational surrogacy, where eggs from the intended mother or donor are fertilized in vitro and implanted in the surrogate. Traditional surrogacy poses more psychological and legal risks as the surrogate may form a bond with the child and have a legal right to keep it. Surrogacy also faces religious and ethical debates around interfering with natural reproduction and commercializing pregnancy.
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Raipur IVF Centre offer all range of surrogacy treatment, surrogate mother in India, Raipur because of our high success rates,Become a Surrogate in India
Prenatal development: germinal, embryonic &fetal period; Factors that can have a serious negative impact on the development of the unborn: maternal health, radiation, maternal nutrition, medication and drugs, age of the parents, diseases in the pregnant woman and the emotional state of the mother.
Pre-natal development of child
A project to promote conceptual learning for all;
Dr. Amjad ali arain; University of Sind; Faculty of Education; Pakistan
Prenatal development: germinal, embryonic &fetal period; Factors that can have a serious negative impact on the development of the unborn: maternal health, radiation, maternal nutrition, medication and drugs, age of the parents, diseases in the pregnant woman and the emotional state of the mother.
Pre-natal development of child
A project to promote conceptual learning for all;
Dr. Amjad ali arain; University of Sind; Faculty of Education; Pakistan
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Surrogacy is the process of assisted reproduction where a woman carries and delivers a child for other parents who are unable to conceive a child due to several reasons. There are two types of surrogacies gestational surrogacy and traditional surrogacy. A gestational surrogate is a person who carries someone else's pregnancy and has no genetic relation to the child and a traditional surrogate is biologically related to the child.
6.4 LifecycleSome of a persons statuses within their societys .docxalinainglis
6.4 Lifecycle
Some of a person's statuses within their society's particular social organization vary at different stages of life. The changes in social statuses thatare typically experienced by members of society make up their lifecycle.
Rites of Passage
Martha Cooper/National Geographic Stock
All cultures divide the lifecycle into various stages. Here, ayoung Apache girl is making the transition to adulthood.
Arnold Van Gennep (1908/1960) has pointed out that as we move from one status to another within the lifecycle, the life events and status changes that are typically experienced by individuals are commonly proclaimed to other members of society by formal rituals known as life crisis rites or rites of passage.
Ceremonies such as christenings, puberty rituals, marriages, and funerals, which we hold whenever a member of society undergoes an important change in status within the lifecycle of the group, are considered rites of passage. They symbolically dramatize how important status changes are in the eyes of society and help to maintain stability and order while society adjusts to culturally significant changes in people's lives. The acquisition of a new status calls for the successful adoption of a new set of roles by the person who is moving into the new phase of life. The formal dramatization of these changes in a ritual of status change may be psychologically beneficial to those who are beginning roles that they have not practiced before, and to other members of society who must also adopt new ways of relating to them. Four public symbolic rituals are commonly celebrated throughout the world: naming ceremonies, which confer human status on the new member of society and proclaim the parenthood of its caretakers; puberty celebrations, which confer adult status; marriages, which legitimize new sexual, economic, and childrearing obligations; and funerals, which proclaim the loss of human status by the deceased and restructure the ongoing social order.
Pregnancy, Childbirth, and Naming
The first lifecycle change is associated with birth. Yet even before that obviously major event, our parents are experiencing the status changes of pregnancy. The biological facts of conception, pregnancy, and the birth process are interpreted differently among various cultures. After birth, each society also has its specific ways of raising children.
Pregnancy
People in most societies believe that pregnancy is a result of sexual intercourse, but conception itself is explained in a variety of ways. Often the child is thought of as developing from semen, menstrual blood, or both. In many societies, both the mother and the father are believed to contribute during intercourse to the conception and sometimes to the growth of the child. Sometimes, however, the role of one parent is more important in explaining the origin of the child. For instance, in ancient Greece, the father was thought to plant the child in the mother as one mig.
Surrogacy is an arrangement, where a woman agrees to become pregnant on behalf of another couple. It is often supported by a legal agreement. Surrogacy is not easy to understand for some people because of their personal or social beliefs. But for the partners, who want to become parents through surrogacy, it is essential to know what surrogacy is and how it can help them?
1. SURROGACY
Surrogacy is a term used to describe a course of actions that goes outside natural
reproduction, particularly, when a woman accedes to become pregnant and give birth to a
child to a contracted party, also known as surrogate mother. The practice of surrogacy has
become a matter of debate and criticism considering the psychological problems that the
surrogate mother could develop, the legal complications, and the social and religious
response concerning artificial procreation.
Surrogacy can be approached in different ways: traditional or gestational, depending on the
aspiring parents’ needs. Traditional surrogacy is a practice in which the surrogate mother is
genetically related to the baby she is carrying. Generally, a male intended parent or a sperm
donor provides semen sample, which is then placed in the fertile surrogate’s uterus. In
either case, the process is carried out through artificial insemination employing the
surrogate’s eggs. Gestational surrogacy is the process in which the surrogate mother is not
genetically associated with the baby she is bearing. This procedure is when an egg is
extracted from the infertile intended mother then fertilized out of the body by the fertile
male’s sperm, known as the in vitro fertilization or IVF. The embryo is then transferred to
the gestational surrogate, who acts just as a human incubator.
Traditional Surrogacy is generally seen as the most risky procedure to take, considering the
psychological problems that can cause to the surrogate mother and the legal aspects it may
present. The surrogate mother may develop post-part depression. Having a baby might not
be easily forgotten, mainly because pregnancy involves many physical changes which do
not disappear overnight, such as gaining weight, among others. Apart from this, substitute
2. mothers can develop a prenatally bond with the baby. As a consequence, it may be really
hard for the woman to deliver the new born to the prearranged parents.
As regards the legal complications concerning surrogacy, the biological mother has more
lawful benefits than the intended parents. The surrogate mother has the right to keep the
child if she changes her mind, even if the baby is not genetically related to her. Besides,
intended parents only rely on adoption, but at least, one of them must be genetically
associated to the infant to obtain a parental order. What is more, it can be really difficult to
take a child back to the intended parents’ country if they make a surrogacy arrangement
abroad.
Finally, there are much controversy in how surrogacy is perceived by the church and the
society itself. It is said that it is not proper to interfere with the natural reproduction and
that humans do not have the right to dominate over nature or alter god’s plans. On the other
hand, some people argue that efforts should be made to improve the life and health of
infants that already exist, claiming that there are hundreds of orphans waiting for a caring
family.
Surrogacy is a practice that is surrounded by many controversial issues and as a
consequence it is not a topic free of disagreement and conflict. I personally believe that
surrogacy is a gift of modern science as it can give a person the opportunity to experience
the joy of parenthood, although I consider adoption much more beneficial to the society
since it may provide children that already exist an opportunity to live in a dreamed
environment.