This document discusses design processes and factors that influence machine design such as strength, surface finish, manufacturability, and cost. It covers selecting materials based on mechanical properties and Indian Standards for plain carbon steel. Other topics include limits, fits and tolerances used in design as well as steady and variable stresses in machine members. Variable stresses can lead to mechanical fatigue failure, and the document discusses fatigue cracking, endurance limits, and factors that affect endurance limits such as load, surface finish, size, reliability and other miscellaneous factors. An S-N curve is used to represent the relationship between cyclic stress and number of cycles to failure.