The document discusses several dominant approaches in the social sciences including:
1) Microlevel approaches like rational choice theory and symbolic interactionism that focus on individual behavior.
2) Macrolevel approaches like structural functionalism and institutionalism that examine larger social systems and structures.
3) Interdisciplinary approaches such as the human-environment system that integrate ideas across fields.
It then provides more details on specific theories under the microlevel and macrolevel categories.
This document provides an overview of sociology as a field of study. It defines sociology as the systematic study of human society and social behavior, from large institutions to small groups. It discusses key concepts like social behavior, society, and the sociological perspective. It also outlines some of the main topics studied in sociology like socialization, culture, groups, inequality, and social institutions. The document emphasizes the importance of developing a sociological imagination to understand how individual experiences are shaped by broader social and historical forces.
This document provides an overview of sociology as a field of study. It defines sociology as the systematic study of human society and social behavior, from large institutions to small groups. It discusses key concepts like social behavior, society, and the sociological perspective. It also summarizes some of the main topics covered in sociology like socialization, culture, groups, inequality, and social institutions. The document emphasizes that sociologists study people and society objectively using methods like participant observation, surveys, and the scientific method to collect both quantitative and qualitative data.
This document discusses various topics related to social perception and cognition. It covers social cognition, social categorization, the goals of social cognition like finding the right answer quickly. It discusses strategies used to conserve mental effort like expectations, dispositional inferences, and heuristics. It also discusses schemas, stereotypes, attribution including the fundamental attribution error and actor-observer difference. Additional topics covered include communication, autonomy, temperament, and personality.
The document provides an overview of rational choice theory (RCT), including its key assumptions of individualism, optimality, self-interest, and rationality. It discusses the growth of RCT in political science since the 1950s and its application areas like gaming, party politics, and legislation. While RCT is praised for its generality and predictive power, criticisms note issues with aggregating individual actions, the influence of norms and habits, and the theory's potential over-expansion of what is considered rational.
This is my presentation in Ideas of Social Sciences at the course of Discipline and Ideas in Social Sciences. I hope you will learn something and it will help you in studying. Thank you!
This document discusses the importance of considering moral and ethical dimensions in development work, particularly in contexts that are hostile to concepts like human dignity. It outlines several moral ideals that are important for development, such as social justice, care, distributive justice, civic virtue, human rights and freedoms. However, it acknowledges that the reality in many developing contexts presents challenges to upholding these ideals, such as authoritarian leadership, lack of accountability, and weak respect for rights of vulnerable groups. The document also addresses some common objections to incorporating moral considerations in development and provides responses to each.
Symbolic Interactionism, Structural-Functional Theory and Conflict Theory Vijayalakshmi Murugesan
This document provides an overview of three major sociological theories: symbolic interactionism, structural-functional theory, and conflict theory. Symbolic interactionism examines how individuals construct meanings through interactions and symbols. Structural-functional theory views society as a system of interrelated parts that work together to maintain stability. Conflict theory sees society as groups competing for limited resources and views social institutions as maintaining inequality between groups.
The document provides an overview of a social science module, including its aims to introduce students to core social science concepts and research methods. It discusses what social science is, noting it systematically studies human social behavior and society through disciplines like sociology, psychology, politics, and economics. The document also outlines the module's structure, assessments, expectations, and origins of social science from the natural sciences during the Scientific Revolution.
This document provides an overview of sociology as a field of study. It defines sociology as the systematic study of human society and social behavior, from large institutions to small groups. It discusses key concepts like social behavior, society, and the sociological perspective. It also outlines some of the main topics studied in sociology like socialization, culture, groups, inequality, and social institutions. The document emphasizes the importance of developing a sociological imagination to understand how individual experiences are shaped by broader social and historical forces.
This document provides an overview of sociology as a field of study. It defines sociology as the systematic study of human society and social behavior, from large institutions to small groups. It discusses key concepts like social behavior, society, and the sociological perspective. It also summarizes some of the main topics covered in sociology like socialization, culture, groups, inequality, and social institutions. The document emphasizes that sociologists study people and society objectively using methods like participant observation, surveys, and the scientific method to collect both quantitative and qualitative data.
This document discusses various topics related to social perception and cognition. It covers social cognition, social categorization, the goals of social cognition like finding the right answer quickly. It discusses strategies used to conserve mental effort like expectations, dispositional inferences, and heuristics. It also discusses schemas, stereotypes, attribution including the fundamental attribution error and actor-observer difference. Additional topics covered include communication, autonomy, temperament, and personality.
The document provides an overview of rational choice theory (RCT), including its key assumptions of individualism, optimality, self-interest, and rationality. It discusses the growth of RCT in political science since the 1950s and its application areas like gaming, party politics, and legislation. While RCT is praised for its generality and predictive power, criticisms note issues with aggregating individual actions, the influence of norms and habits, and the theory's potential over-expansion of what is considered rational.
This is my presentation in Ideas of Social Sciences at the course of Discipline and Ideas in Social Sciences. I hope you will learn something and it will help you in studying. Thank you!
This document discusses the importance of considering moral and ethical dimensions in development work, particularly in contexts that are hostile to concepts like human dignity. It outlines several moral ideals that are important for development, such as social justice, care, distributive justice, civic virtue, human rights and freedoms. However, it acknowledges that the reality in many developing contexts presents challenges to upholding these ideals, such as authoritarian leadership, lack of accountability, and weak respect for rights of vulnerable groups. The document also addresses some common objections to incorporating moral considerations in development and provides responses to each.
Symbolic Interactionism, Structural-Functional Theory and Conflict Theory Vijayalakshmi Murugesan
This document provides an overview of three major sociological theories: symbolic interactionism, structural-functional theory, and conflict theory. Symbolic interactionism examines how individuals construct meanings through interactions and symbols. Structural-functional theory views society as a system of interrelated parts that work together to maintain stability. Conflict theory sees society as groups competing for limited resources and views social institutions as maintaining inequality between groups.
The document provides an overview of a social science module, including its aims to introduce students to core social science concepts and research methods. It discusses what social science is, noting it systematically studies human social behavior and society through disciplines like sociology, psychology, politics, and economics. The document also outlines the module's structure, assessments, expectations, and origins of social science from the natural sciences during the Scientific Revolution.
The rational choice theory, also known as choice theory or rational action theory, is a theory for understanding and often modelling social and economic as well as individual behaviour.
This document provides an overview of key concepts in sociology. It defines sociology as the scientific study of human social behavior and society. Some important concepts discussed include social interaction, social organization, social structure and agency. It also summarizes sociological perspectives on society from prominent thinkers and outlines different subdisciplines and methods in sociology such as positivism, anti-positivism, and qualitative vs. quantitative approaches.
The document discusses several major sociological theories related to education:
1. Consensus theory sees shared values as fundamental to society, while conflict theory examines power struggles between social groups. As applied to education, consensus theory looks at how schools contribute to social stability, while conflict theory examines how they perpetuate inequality.
2. Structural functionalism views society as a system of interconnected institutions that work to maintain social stability. Talcott Parsons applied it to education, arguing schools socialize students and maintain social order.
3. Symbolic interactionism views the self and society as socially constructed through interaction. It examines how meanings and roles are negotiated in schools through labeling and other everyday processes.
The document discusses various topics related to social change and futures studies. It covers:
1) Theories of social change that recognize both slow evolution and rapid evolutionary jumps. Society can develop through consensus or conflict.
2) Four traditions in futures inquiry: empirical, cultural, critical, and integral. The integral tradition incorporates different ways of knowing.
3) Challenges of decision-making in a changing social reality where established rationalities may no longer apply. New models and institutions are needed.
4) Technologies are shaped by social factors and their effects can be seen as social properties. Rapid technological and social changes blur understandings of cause and effect.
Psychology is the scientific study of mental functions and behaviors. It aims to understand individuals and groups to benefit society. Key concepts include behavior, personality, motivation, and intelligence. Major theories include behavioral, cognitive, developmental, humanist, personality, social, and learning theories. Research methods include correlational research, descriptive research, experimental research, interviews, surveys, and computer simulation.
Sociology is the scientific study of human social life, social change, and the social causes and consequences of human behavior. Key concepts include society, culture, language, values, norms, beliefs, deviance, and social organization. Major theories include conflict theory, functionalism theory, symbolic interactionism theory, and social exchange theory. Research
Sociology is the scientific study of society and human social behavior. There are three major sociological perspectives: structural functionalism, which views society as a system with interrelated parts; conflict theory, which focuses on power struggles over scarce resources; and symbolic interactionism, which examines how society shapes individuals and their interactions. Major areas of sociology include social organization, social psychology, social change, human ecology, population studies, sociological theory/research, and applied sociology. Classical sociologists who developed influential theories include Comte, Marx, Spencer, Durkheim, and Weber. Culture encompasses the knowledge, social norms, values, beliefs, and other capabilities acquired by members of a society. Key elements that shape culture
The document provides an overview of rational choice theory (RCT). It discusses the key assumptions of RCT, including individualism, optimality, self-interest, and rationality. RCT argues that individuals make choices to maximize their own welfare. The document outlines the growth of RCT in political science and economics. It also discusses criticisms of RCT and its limitations in fully explaining human social behavior and collective action problems.
rational action theory or choice theory, school of thought based on the assumption that individuals choose a course of action that is most in line with their personal preferences.
This document discusses the key concepts and history of sociology. It begins by defining sociology and its subfields like medical sociology and criminology. It then outlines some of the major thinkers who contributed to the development of sociology as a discipline, including Comte, Durkheim, Marx, Weber and Mead. The document also examines concepts like social structure, social institutions, socialization, social norms and the relationship between society and the individual. It explores how sociological research can be used to understand social problems and influence policymaking.
This document provides an overview of different theories in comparative politics as discussed by Ruth Lane in her chapter on theory and the art of comparative politics. It outlines three main forms of theory - Michel's "iron law of oligarchy," functionalism, and rational choice theory. It also discusses Lane's perspective on model building as a method of theory construction and presents the "politics" model as an example. Overall, the document aims to illustrate different approaches to conceptualizing and constructing theories in comparative politics.
This document discusses key concepts related to understanding society. It defines society as consisting of a large number of people living in the same territory with some independence and shared culture. Three theoretical perspectives on what makes society possible are outlined: structural functionalism views society as social order based on cooperation; conflict theory sees society as an arena of competition; and symbolic interactionism explores how meaning-making leads to social interactions and phenomena. Culture is also discussed as the customs and beliefs of a group that are learned and transmitted between members of a society. Culture and society are interdependent, as societies are made up of people and their groupings, while culture provides directives for how societies operate.
This document provides information about anthropology and ethnographic research methods. It defines anthropology as the study of what it means to be human and examines culture and human behavior through comparative and cross-cultural research. It describes ethnography as a qualitative research approach that relies on participant observation to understand cultural systems, practices, and beliefs. Key ethnographic research methods discussed include taking an inductive approach, mapping social networks and resource flows, and understanding reciprocity within cultural groups.
This document discusses various theoretical perspectives on human behavior that are relevant for social work professionals. It covers key concepts from different theories like systems theory, conflict theory, rational choice theory, and psychodynamic theory. It also outlines criteria for evaluating theories and discusses how theories can be used to guide social work practice interventions. The document emphasizes that theories provide frameworks for understanding human behavior and that scientific knowledge of theories and research is an important ingredient for doing social work.
The document discusses quantitative research methods and key concepts in quantitative analysis. It provides information on:
1. The philosophy of quantitative research which adopts a positivist approach and aims to discover causal relationships through measurement of variables and systematic control of theoretical influences.
2. Key concepts in quantitative research including ontology, epistemology, methodology, and hermeneutics. It also discusses different research paradigms like positivism, interpretivism, critical theory, feminism, and postmodernism.
3. Measurement of concepts, use of indicators, construction of Likert scales, and different types of measuring scales like nominal, ordinal, interval, and ratio scales.
This document provides an overview of key concepts in sociological theory, including the scientific method, sociological perspectives, and major theoretical frameworks. It discusses the goals of science, cause and effect relationships, and the scientific method. Three major sociological perspectives are introduced: structural functionalism, which views society as a system of interrelated parts; conflict theory, which argues society is characterized by inequality and conflict over resources; and symbolic interactionism, which focuses on interaction and the social construction of meaning through symbols.
Fundamentos de Sociología, presentación adaptada a mis necesidades.
Clase de Sociología sobre los inicios y temas relevantes para conocer los fundamentos de esta ciencia.
This document provides an overview of sociology and key concepts in the field. It discusses the founders of sociology like Auguste Comte and their contributions. It also summarizes major sociological theories including functionalism, conflict theory, and interpretive theory. Additionally, it outlines common research methods used in sociology such as observation, surveys, interviews, and secondary data analysis.
System's theory/Diagram/Bronfenbrenner's ecological system theoryRohith148800
Systems theory in social work views clients within the context of their various social systems and environments. It recognizes that an individual is influenced by their family, friends, work, education, community, and other social systems. A social worker using systems theory will examine how interactions within and between these various systems impact a client's behavior and circumstances, in order to plan effective interventions. The theory aims to understand people as a product of their social environment rather than as isolated individuals.
The rational choice theory, also known as choice theory or rational action theory, is a theory for understanding and often modelling social and economic as well as individual behaviour.
This document provides an overview of key concepts in sociology. It defines sociology as the scientific study of human social behavior and society. Some important concepts discussed include social interaction, social organization, social structure and agency. It also summarizes sociological perspectives on society from prominent thinkers and outlines different subdisciplines and methods in sociology such as positivism, anti-positivism, and qualitative vs. quantitative approaches.
The document discusses several major sociological theories related to education:
1. Consensus theory sees shared values as fundamental to society, while conflict theory examines power struggles between social groups. As applied to education, consensus theory looks at how schools contribute to social stability, while conflict theory examines how they perpetuate inequality.
2. Structural functionalism views society as a system of interconnected institutions that work to maintain social stability. Talcott Parsons applied it to education, arguing schools socialize students and maintain social order.
3. Symbolic interactionism views the self and society as socially constructed through interaction. It examines how meanings and roles are negotiated in schools through labeling and other everyday processes.
The document discusses various topics related to social change and futures studies. It covers:
1) Theories of social change that recognize both slow evolution and rapid evolutionary jumps. Society can develop through consensus or conflict.
2) Four traditions in futures inquiry: empirical, cultural, critical, and integral. The integral tradition incorporates different ways of knowing.
3) Challenges of decision-making in a changing social reality where established rationalities may no longer apply. New models and institutions are needed.
4) Technologies are shaped by social factors and their effects can be seen as social properties. Rapid technological and social changes blur understandings of cause and effect.
Psychology is the scientific study of mental functions and behaviors. It aims to understand individuals and groups to benefit society. Key concepts include behavior, personality, motivation, and intelligence. Major theories include behavioral, cognitive, developmental, humanist, personality, social, and learning theories. Research methods include correlational research, descriptive research, experimental research, interviews, surveys, and computer simulation.
Sociology is the scientific study of human social life, social change, and the social causes and consequences of human behavior. Key concepts include society, culture, language, values, norms, beliefs, deviance, and social organization. Major theories include conflict theory, functionalism theory, symbolic interactionism theory, and social exchange theory. Research
Sociology is the scientific study of society and human social behavior. There are three major sociological perspectives: structural functionalism, which views society as a system with interrelated parts; conflict theory, which focuses on power struggles over scarce resources; and symbolic interactionism, which examines how society shapes individuals and their interactions. Major areas of sociology include social organization, social psychology, social change, human ecology, population studies, sociological theory/research, and applied sociology. Classical sociologists who developed influential theories include Comte, Marx, Spencer, Durkheim, and Weber. Culture encompasses the knowledge, social norms, values, beliefs, and other capabilities acquired by members of a society. Key elements that shape culture
The document provides an overview of rational choice theory (RCT). It discusses the key assumptions of RCT, including individualism, optimality, self-interest, and rationality. RCT argues that individuals make choices to maximize their own welfare. The document outlines the growth of RCT in political science and economics. It also discusses criticisms of RCT and its limitations in fully explaining human social behavior and collective action problems.
rational action theory or choice theory, school of thought based on the assumption that individuals choose a course of action that is most in line with their personal preferences.
This document discusses the key concepts and history of sociology. It begins by defining sociology and its subfields like medical sociology and criminology. It then outlines some of the major thinkers who contributed to the development of sociology as a discipline, including Comte, Durkheim, Marx, Weber and Mead. The document also examines concepts like social structure, social institutions, socialization, social norms and the relationship between society and the individual. It explores how sociological research can be used to understand social problems and influence policymaking.
This document provides an overview of different theories in comparative politics as discussed by Ruth Lane in her chapter on theory and the art of comparative politics. It outlines three main forms of theory - Michel's "iron law of oligarchy," functionalism, and rational choice theory. It also discusses Lane's perspective on model building as a method of theory construction and presents the "politics" model as an example. Overall, the document aims to illustrate different approaches to conceptualizing and constructing theories in comparative politics.
This document discusses key concepts related to understanding society. It defines society as consisting of a large number of people living in the same territory with some independence and shared culture. Three theoretical perspectives on what makes society possible are outlined: structural functionalism views society as social order based on cooperation; conflict theory sees society as an arena of competition; and symbolic interactionism explores how meaning-making leads to social interactions and phenomena. Culture is also discussed as the customs and beliefs of a group that are learned and transmitted between members of a society. Culture and society are interdependent, as societies are made up of people and their groupings, while culture provides directives for how societies operate.
This document provides information about anthropology and ethnographic research methods. It defines anthropology as the study of what it means to be human and examines culture and human behavior through comparative and cross-cultural research. It describes ethnography as a qualitative research approach that relies on participant observation to understand cultural systems, practices, and beliefs. Key ethnographic research methods discussed include taking an inductive approach, mapping social networks and resource flows, and understanding reciprocity within cultural groups.
This document discusses various theoretical perspectives on human behavior that are relevant for social work professionals. It covers key concepts from different theories like systems theory, conflict theory, rational choice theory, and psychodynamic theory. It also outlines criteria for evaluating theories and discusses how theories can be used to guide social work practice interventions. The document emphasizes that theories provide frameworks for understanding human behavior and that scientific knowledge of theories and research is an important ingredient for doing social work.
The document discusses quantitative research methods and key concepts in quantitative analysis. It provides information on:
1. The philosophy of quantitative research which adopts a positivist approach and aims to discover causal relationships through measurement of variables and systematic control of theoretical influences.
2. Key concepts in quantitative research including ontology, epistemology, methodology, and hermeneutics. It also discusses different research paradigms like positivism, interpretivism, critical theory, feminism, and postmodernism.
3. Measurement of concepts, use of indicators, construction of Likert scales, and different types of measuring scales like nominal, ordinal, interval, and ratio scales.
This document provides an overview of key concepts in sociological theory, including the scientific method, sociological perspectives, and major theoretical frameworks. It discusses the goals of science, cause and effect relationships, and the scientific method. Three major sociological perspectives are introduced: structural functionalism, which views society as a system of interrelated parts; conflict theory, which argues society is characterized by inequality and conflict over resources; and symbolic interactionism, which focuses on interaction and the social construction of meaning through symbols.
Fundamentos de Sociología, presentación adaptada a mis necesidades.
Clase de Sociología sobre los inicios y temas relevantes para conocer los fundamentos de esta ciencia.
This document provides an overview of sociology and key concepts in the field. It discusses the founders of sociology like Auguste Comte and their contributions. It also summarizes major sociological theories including functionalism, conflict theory, and interpretive theory. Additionally, it outlines common research methods used in sociology such as observation, surveys, interviews, and secondary data analysis.
System's theory/Diagram/Bronfenbrenner's ecological system theoryRohith148800
Systems theory in social work views clients within the context of their various social systems and environments. It recognizes that an individual is influenced by their family, friends, work, education, community, and other social systems. A social worker using systems theory will examine how interactions within and between these various systems impact a client's behavior and circumstances, in order to plan effective interventions. The theory aims to understand people as a product of their social environment rather than as isolated individuals.
Similar to diss-lesson-5-dominant-approaches-and-ideas-in-social-sciences-200805022048 (1).pptx (20)
A solution is a homogeneous mixture composed of a solute dissolved in a solvent. The solute is the minority component of the solution while the solvent is the majority component. Solutions can be classified based on the physical states of the components and whether the solute fully or partially dissolves. The concentration of a solution depends on factors like temperature, pressure, and surface area that influence how much solute can dissolve. Colligative properties, such as boiling point elevation and freezing point depression, depend on the number of solute particles in solution but not their chemical identity.
The document outlines 10 phases of fire operations:
1) Pre-fire planning to prepare for potential fires in buildings.
2) Sizing up when first responding to determine the situation and plan of action.
3) Rescue of any victims by locating, extracting, and providing medical assistance to them.
4) Cover exposure of uninvolved buildings to prevent fire spread.
SHS MOCK EXAM GEN PHYS.pptxxxxxxxxxxxxxxAliceRivera13
The document contains 16 multiple choice questions related to physics concepts such as forces, motion, gravity, light, mirrors, and special relativity. The questions cover topics like Newton's laws of motion, weight changes in elevators, net forces, light reflection, the velocity addition formula in relativity, and how microwaves heat food.
The document discusses different sampling methods used to gather information about populations, including simple random sampling, systematic random sampling, stratified sampling, and cluster sampling. It provides examples of how each sampling method works and situations where each might be used. Exercises at the end ask the reader to identify the appropriate sampling method for different scenarios involving selecting samples from student or member populations.
The document summarizes key concepts from a physics lecture on electric potential including:
1. The electric potential (V) at a point is defined as the work (W) done per unit charge to move a test charge from infinity to that point.
2. Equipotential surfaces connect all points of equal electric potential. Electric field lines are always perpendicular to equipotential surfaces.
3. Expressions are derived for the electric potential due to point charges, lines of charge, and continuous charge distributions using integration.
This document summarizes key topics from a lecture on electric fields:
1) It defines electric field as the force per unit charge and discusses how electric field lines represent the behavior and strength of electric fields graphically.
2) Examples are given for calculating the electric field from point charges and continuous charge distributions using Coulomb's Law and integration.
3) Applications of electric fields including motion of charges in fields and electric dipoles are discussed. Various demonstrations are also listed.
CHAPTER TEST ON INTERMOLECULAR FORCES LIQUIDS AND SOLIDS.pptxAliceRivera13
1) Crystalline solids have highly ordered structures, with particles arranged in repeating patterns, while amorphous solids have no long-range order to their particle arrangements.
2) As a liquid evaporates, the kinetic energy of its molecules increases as they gain energy from their surroundings. Molecules at the surface escape as a gas, causing the remaining liquid's temperature to decrease as heat is used to overcome intermolecular forces.
3) Alcohol will evaporate faster than water from open containers at the same conditions because it has a higher vapor pressure at a given temperature due to weaker intermolecular forces, meaning more molecules have sufficient kinetic energy to overcome attractive forces and enter the gas phase.
This document discusses recreational activities and their benefits. It defines key terms like recreation, leisure, and play. Recreation is described as a voluntary, organized activity done during leisure time for pleasure and refreshment. The document lists several types of recreational activities including sports, games, arts and crafts. It outlines many benefits of recreation like improved mental and physical health, stress reduction, stronger family bonds and community pride. Recreational activities are said to enhance people's lives rather than just pass time.
ELECTRIC FLUX.pptxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxAliceRivera13
Electric flux is the rate of flow of an electric field through a surface. Gauss's law relates the electric flux through a closed surface to the net electric charge enclosed by the surface. It states that the total flux is equal to 1/ε0 times the enclosed charge, where ε0 is the vacuum permittivity. Gauss's law is useful for calculating electric fields produced by symmetric charge distributions. It can be applied by choosing a Gaussian surface with the same symmetry as the charge arrangement and relating the flux through the surface to the enclosed charge.
The document provides tips for preparing for a job interview, including knowing your strengths and weaknesses, researching the job requirements and company, anticipating difficult questions, practicing answers, and ensuring a professional appearance. It also discusses presenting qualifications that match the job requirements and addressing weaknesses while emphasizing strengths during the interview. Proper preparation is emphasized to make the best possible impression on the potential employer.
The document discusses electric flux and Gauss's law. It defines flux as the rate of flow through an area and electric flux as the rate of flow of an electric field through an area. Gauss's law relates the electric flux through a closed surface to the net charge enclosed. It states that the flux is equal to the enclosed charge divided by the permittivity of free space. The document provides examples of calculating electric flux for different charge distributions and symmetries using Gauss's law.
Walmart Business+ and Spark Good for Nonprofits.pdfTechSoup
"Learn about all the ways Walmart supports nonprofit organizations.
You will hear from Liz Willett, the Head of Nonprofits, and hear about what Walmart is doing to help nonprofits, including Walmart Business and Spark Good. Walmart Business+ is a new offer for nonprofits that offers discounts and also streamlines nonprofits order and expense tracking, saving time and money.
The webinar may also give some examples on how nonprofits can best leverage Walmart Business+.
The event will cover the following::
Walmart Business + (https://business.walmart.com/plus) is a new shopping experience for nonprofits, schools, and local business customers that connects an exclusive online shopping experience to stores. Benefits include free delivery and shipping, a 'Spend Analytics” feature, special discounts, deals and tax-exempt shopping.
Special TechSoup offer for a free 180 days membership, and up to $150 in discounts on eligible orders.
Spark Good (walmart.com/sparkgood) is a charitable platform that enables nonprofits to receive donations directly from customers and associates.
Answers about how you can do more with Walmart!"
How to Build a Module in Odoo 17 Using the Scaffold MethodCeline George
Odoo provides an option for creating a module by using a single line command. By using this command the user can make a whole structure of a module. It is very easy for a beginner to make a module. There is no need to make each file manually. This slide will show how to create a module using the scaffold method.
How to Fix the Import Error in the Odoo 17Celine George
An import error occurs when a program fails to import a module or library, disrupting its execution. In languages like Python, this issue arises when the specified module cannot be found or accessed, hindering the program's functionality. Resolving import errors is crucial for maintaining smooth software operation and uninterrupted development processes.
Main Java[All of the Base Concepts}.docxadhitya5119
This is part 1 of my Java Learning Journey. This Contains Custom methods, classes, constructors, packages, multithreading , try- catch block, finally block and more.
How to Add Chatter in the odoo 17 ERP ModuleCeline George
In Odoo, the chatter is like a chat tool that helps you work together on records. You can leave notes and track things, making it easier to talk with your team and partners. Inside chatter, all communication history, activity, and changes will be displayed.
This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
বাংলাদেশের অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা ২০২৪ [Bangladesh Economic Review 2024 Bangla.pdf] কম্পিউটার , ট্যাব ও স্মার্ট ফোন ভার্সন সহ সম্পূর্ণ বাংলা ই-বুক বা pdf বই " সুচিপত্র ...বুকমার্ক মেনু 🔖 ও হাইপার লিংক মেনু 📝👆 যুক্ত ..
আমাদের সবার জন্য খুব খুব গুরুত্বপূর্ণ একটি বই ..বিসিএস, ব্যাংক, ইউনিভার্সিটি ভর্তি ও যে কোন প্রতিযোগিতা মূলক পরীক্ষার জন্য এর খুব ইম্পরট্যান্ট একটি বিষয় ...তাছাড়া বাংলাদেশের সাম্প্রতিক যে কোন ডাটা বা তথ্য এই বইতে পাবেন ...
তাই একজন নাগরিক হিসাবে এই তথ্য গুলো আপনার জানা প্রয়োজন ...।
বিসিএস ও ব্যাংক এর লিখিত পরীক্ষা ...+এছাড়া মাধ্যমিক ও উচ্চমাধ্যমিকের স্টুডেন্টদের জন্য অনেক কাজে আসবে ...
How to Make a Field Mandatory in Odoo 17Celine George
In Odoo, making a field required can be done through both Python code and XML views. When you set the required attribute to True in Python code, it makes the field required across all views where it's used. Conversely, when you set the required attribute in XML views, it makes the field required only in the context of that particular view.
4. • Would you rather lose the ability to read or the
ability to speak?
• Would you rather live without water or live
without electricity?
• Would you rather lose your best friend or all of
your friends except for your best friend?
• Would you rather never run out of battery power
for your phone or always have free Wi-Fi
wherever you go?
• Would you rather eat rice with every meal and
never be able to eat bread or eat bread with every
meal and never be able to eat rice?
5. • Would you rather lose all your money and
valuables or lose all pictures you have ever
taken?
• Would you rather find your true love or a suitcase
with five million dollars inside?
• Would you rather know when you are going to
die or how you are going to die?
• Would you rather be feared by all or loved by all?
• Would you rather know an uncomfortable truth
or believe a comforting lie?
6. • When faced with several courses of action, people
usually do what they believe is likely to have the
best overall outcome.
• Individuals actions are based on their preferences,
beliefs, and feasible strategies.
• It needs other perspectives to help explain why
individuals have the interests they do, how they
perceive those interests, and the distribution of rules,
powers, and social roles that determines the
constraints on their actions.
7. • Started during the behavioral movement
influenced by Auguste Comte’s view of
positivism in the nineteenth century and of
the ‘Vienna Circle’
a. Observable behavior, whether it is at the
level of the individual or the social
aggregate, should be the focus of
analysis; and
b. Any explanation of that behavior should
be susceptible to empirical testing
8. • Game Theory
- strategic interdependence, a situation
where others’choice of strategy affects an
individual’s best choice and vice versa.
9. • The individual is the actor making decisions
• Individuals have all the rational capacity, time,
and emotional detachment necessary to choose
the best course of action, no matter how complex
the choice.
• Rationality is silent about whether preferences of
an individual are benevolent or evil.
10. Herbert Simon
- bounded rationality
- Given limited information, time and
cognitive capacity to process information,
individuals use standard operating procedures as a
heuristic device and as a shorthand guide to
rational action.
- Action is procedurally rational if it is based
on beliefs that are reasonable given the context the
actor is in.
11. ---
• What is a rational choice theory?
• How does it explain social
behavior?
13. Seeing a man and a woman holding hands
Someone sneeze in front of you
Jollibee
Belt
Beach
Ulan
Lola
14. • A sociological framework that focuses on
the different meanings individuals attach to
objects, peoples, and interactions as well as
the corresponding behaviors that reflect
those meanings and/or interpretations.
15. George Herbert Mead
- gestures are
significant because they
can either accentuate or
contradict that which we
are verbally stating
16. • “self” – the part of an individual’s personality
composed of self awareness and self-image
• The process of self discovery and self-development
is enacted by the threefold through the:
play stage – children’s identification of key
figures in their environments;
game stage – children extrapolate from the
vantage point of the roles they have simulated by
assuming the roles of their counterparts; and
generalized other stage – the widespread
cultural norms and values we use as a reference in
evaluating ourselves
17. Premises that constitute
Symbolic Interactionism
1. Meaning is an important element of human
existence.
2. People identify and mold their unique symbolic
references through the process of socialization.
3. There is a cultural dimension that intertwines
the symbolic “educational” development.
18. ---
• How does one make sense of his or her actions,
interactions, and experience?
• How does social experience develop one’s self?
• What is the importance of communication of
communication in human actions and
interactions?
21. • A framework for building a theory that sees
society as a complex system whose parts work
together to promote solidarity and stability.
• Developed by Talcott Parsons under the
influence of Max Weber and Emile Durkheim
Social structure – any relatively stable pattern of
social behavior. Ex. Family, government, religion,
education, economy
Social functions – the consequences of any social
pattern for the operation of society as a whole
22. Robert K. Merton
-any social structure may have many
functions
Manifest functions – the recognized and intended
consequences of any social pattern
Latent functions – the unrecognized and unintended
consequences of any social pattern
Social dysfunction – any social pattern that may
disrupt the operation of society
- caused by lack of consensus among peoples in
a given polity or society about what is helpful or
harmful to society
23. 1. Within every social structure or system – politics,
family, organizations – each member of the system
has a specific function.
2. Those functions can be small or substantial, are
dynamic in nature, and work toward the same
purpose: to keep the system operational within its
environment.
3. Change is evident within any society or system;
however, for the system to survive, it must adapt to
that change in order to maintain its equilibrium.
Premises that constitute
Structural Functionalism
24. Adaptation : acquiring and mobilizing sufficient
resources so that the system can survive
Goal Attainment : setting and implementing goals
Integration : maintaining solidarity or coordination
among the subunits of the system
Latency : creating, preserving, and transmitting
the system’s distinctive culture and values
Imperatives for Societies to Survive:
25. ---
• What keeps societies together?
• What causes social dysfunction?
• How important are the social functions of
the social structure to the maintenance and
stability of societies?
28. Institutions
• Formal and informal structures that can
influence social behavior.
• They can:
Constrain / Empower
Prevent / Enable
29. • Political institutions
• The institutional approach can be understood as a
subject matter, as a method, and as a theory.
Subject matter – Public administration, a
subdiscipline within social science is the study of
the institutional arrangements for the provision of
public services.
30. Method – the traditional or classic institutional
approach is descriptive-inductive, formal-legal,
historical-comparative.
Descriptive – it employs the techniques of the
historian and explores specific events, eras, people,
and institutions
Inductive – inferences are drawn from repeated
observations
• Classic institutional approach systematically
describes and analyzes phenomena that have
occurred in the past and explain contemporary
political phenomena with reference to past
events.
31. Formal – it involves the study of formal
governmental organizations
Legal – it includes the study of public law
Comparative – “institutions can be understood and
appreciated only by those who know other systems
of government… by the use of thorough
comparative and historical method… a general
clarification of views may be obtained” - Woodrow
Wilson
32. Theory – the classical institutional approach does
not only make statements about the causes and
consequences of political institutions but also
espouses the political value of democracy.
33. Critics
• Normative – concerned with ‘good government’
• Structuralist – structures determine political
behavior
• Historicist – central influence of history
• Legalist – laws plays a major role in governing
• Holistic – concerned with describing and
comparing whole systems of government
34. David Easton
– most influential critic of the traditional
study of politics, founded the classic institutional
approach.
1. The analysis of law and institutions could not
explain policy or power because it did not cover
all the relevant variables.
2. “hyperfactualism” or “reverence for the fact”,
meant that political scientists suffered from
“theoretical malnutrition”, neglecting “the
general framework within which these facts
could acquire meaning.
35. • New Institutionalism – embody values and power
relationships, and to obstacles as well as the
opportunities that confront institutional design
• Normative Institutionalism – political institutions influence
actors’behavior by shaping their values, norms, interests,
identities and beliefs.
• Rational Choice Institutionalism – denies that institutional
factors produce behavior or shape individuals’ preferences,
which they see as endogenously determined and relatively
stable. Political institutions influence behavior by affecting
the structure of a situation in which individuals select
strategies for the pursuit of their preferences.
36. ---
• What is the difference between old and
new institutionalism?
• Do institutions and institutional contexts
matter in explaining human behavior?
37. • Old Institutionalism is concerned with the
impact of institution upon individuals but
New Institutionalism is also concerned
with the interaction between institutions
and individuals.