Displaying landmarks and the user’s surroundings in indoor pedestrian navigation systems

Christina Ohm, Manuel Müller, Bernd Ludwig
Chair of Information Science
Bringing Together Indoor and Outdoor Mobility Solutions,
Ghent, 24.09.2015
Dr. Max Mustermann
Referat Kommunikation & Marketing
Verwaltung
Displaying landmarks and the
user’s surroundings in indoor
pedestrian navigation systems
manuel-tonio.mueller@ur.de, bernd.ludwig@ur.de
Ghent, 24.09.2015

Ghent, 24.09.2015
PROJECT – INDOOR
PEDESTRIAN NAVIGATION

Ghent, 24.09.2015
Indoor Pedestrian Navigation
MODEL indoor areas
IDENTIFY landmarks in
indoor environments
DISPLAY navigation
instructions

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NADINE Application
Current Area: “Plärrer“.
Go straight ahead to the tram stop.
Back Next

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Web Interface
http://urwalking.ur.de/navi/

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SYSTEM DESIGNS

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Motivation
 Displaying mobile maps is state of the art
 Map material currently used as navigation aid at
the University of Regensburg
 Interface simplification to
 minimize cognitive load
 enhance navigation efficiency
See e.g.: Bouwer et al. 2012; Butz et al. 2001;
Puikkonen et al. 2009.

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System Designs

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Landmark Selection
 34 participants
(16 m, 18 f)
 mean: 22.5 years
(range: 19-30)

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EVALUATION

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Test Route

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Navigation Scenes

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Participants and Variables
 Test users: 64 (33 male)
 Mean Age: 24.02 years
 SD = 7.9
 range: 11-64 years
 Between subject design
 35 map
 29 graph
 Dependent variable:
Navigation Time

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RESULTS

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Results
Overall
Navigation
Time
• p = 0.034
• r = 0.27

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Navigation Problems
Users who
needed help
Map: 16
Graph: 16

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Navigation Problems

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Results – Subgroups
“Help” subgroup
• No difference
between UI designs
“No-Help“ subgroup
• Mean map >
Mean graph
• p = 0.0302 (r = 0.38)

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Results – Navigation Steps
“No-Help“ subgroup
• Map: 19
• Graph: 13
Navigation Steps
• 23 steps
• p = 0.043
Means
• map: 17.3 sec
• graph: 15.3 sec

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Results – Navigation Step 15

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Results – Sense of Direction
Low SoD (37)
• No difference
High SoD (27)
• Mean map (15):
7.06 min
• Mean graph (12):
6.34 min
• p = 0.02 (r = 0.446)
SoD questionnaire: Münzer & Hölscher 2011
In brackets: number of participants

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Results – Questionnaire
“There were enough salient objects displayed so that I
could orient myself.”
5.5 out of 7
“The chosen salient objects (like doors or stairs) were
helpful. ”
6.0 out of 7
“I felt comfortable while navigating.”
5.8 out of 7

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Results – Questionnaire
“The directional arrows helped
me while navigating.”
5.4 out of 7
“The text instruction helped me
while navigating.”
6.0 out of 7
“The depiction of the
surroundings helped me while
navigating.“
5.0 out of 7

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CONCLUSION

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Conclusion
 Participants with a high sense of direction profit
from abstract interface designs
 A lot of participants get lost at large areas or
hallways
 The chosen landmarks are very helpful
 Text instructions are very important for
orientation

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Future Work
Does the abstract interface support elderly people?
How many landmarks should be displayed?
Which additional (map) information could be beneficial?
How can participants can be supported if they lost their way?

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References
A. Bouwer, F. Nack, A. El Ali, Lost in navigation: evaluating a
mobile map app for a fair, in: Proceedings of the 14th ACM
international conference on Multimodal interaction, ACM, 2012,
pp. 173–180.
A. Butz, J. Baus, A. Krüger, M. Lohse, A hybrid indoor navigation
system, in: Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on
Intelligent User Interfaces (IUI), ACM, New York, 2001, pp.25–32.
S. Münzer, C. Hölscher, Development and validation of a
selfreport measure of environmental spatial strategies, Diagnostica
57 (3), 2011, pp. 111–125.
A. Puikkonen, A.-H. Sarjanoja, M. Haveri, J. Huhtala, J.
Häkkilä, Towards designing better maps for indoor navigation:
experiences from a case study, in: Proceedings of the 8th
International Conference on Mobile and Ubiquitous Multimedia,
ACM, New York, 2009, p. 16.

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Thank You for Your Attention!
christina.ohm@ur.de, manuel-tonio.mueller@ur.de,
bernd.ludwig@ur.de

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BACKUP: Web Interface
http://urwalking.ur.de/navi/

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BACKUP: Results – Selected Objects
Architecture Function Information Furniture
Selected objects per
category
142 (15%) 549 (58%) 131 (14%) 131 (14%)
Selection probability in
a certain category
7% 22% 7% 8%

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BACKUP: Navigation Scenes

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BACKUP: Results – Navigation Step 23

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