Levine-Clark, Michael, John McDonald, and Jason Price, “Discovery or Not? A Major Longitudinal Study of the Effect of Web-Scale Discovery Services on Online Journal Usage,” Invited. Transforming Libraries for an Enriching Community, Beijing University, Beijing, January 9, 2014.
Discovery or Not?发现与否?A Major Longitudinal Study of the Effect of Web-Scale Discovery Services on Online Journal Usage网络规模发现系统对在线期刊使用的影响的重要纵向研究
Transforming Libraries for an Enriching Community
“蜕变:为不断发展的学术界打造全新的图书馆”
Koguan Law School, Shanghai Jiao Tong University
上海交通大学(徐汇校区)凯原法学楼
January 6, 2014 2014年1月6日
Beijing University 北京大学
January 9, 2014 2014年1月9日
Michael Levine-Clark 迈克尔•莱文•克拉克 University of Denver 丹佛大学
John McDonald 约翰• 麦克唐纳 University of Southern California 南加利福尼亚大学
Jason Price 詹森•普莱斯 SCELC Consortium 加州电子图书馆联盟
Levine-Clark, Michael, John McDonald, and Jason Price, “Discovery or Not? A Major Longitudinal Study of the Effect of Web-Scale Discovery Services on Online Journal Usage,” Invited. Transforming Libraries for an Enriching Community, Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, January 6, 2014.
Levine-Clark, Michael, and Barbara Kawecki, “NISO’s Initiative for Best Pract...Michael Levine-Clark
The document outlines recommendations from the NISO DDA Working Group for demand-driven acquisition of monographs. It recommends establishing goals for DDA programs, choosing content and models, profiling criteria, loading and removing records, assessment, preservation, and consortial and public library DDA. The working group gathered information over two years from surveys and interviews with libraries, publishers, vendors and aggregators. A final report with the recommendations was open for public comment until April 2014.
Levine-Clark, Michael, “Ebook Ecosystem 2016: State of the Art, Five Years On,” American Library Association Annual Conference, New Orleans, June 25, 2011.
This document summarizes a presentation on demand-driven acquisition (DDA) given at the Charleston Conference in 2011. It defines DDA and patron-driven acquisition (PDA) and discusses why libraries are adopting these models. Data is presented showing the decline in print book purchases and rise in ebook purchases. The presentation addresses challenges in DDA like availability of ebooks from publishers and how a multi-format DDA model could work to expand collections on demand within budget constraints.
Building Better Collections on Demand: DDA at the University of DenverMichael Levine-Clark
This document discusses demand-driven acquisition (DDA) at the University of Denver (DU). It summarizes DU's experience with DDA programs like netLibrary and EBL. Some key points:
- DDA allows DU to provide a much broader collection by matching acquisitions to immediate demand through short-term loans and purchase-on-demand.
- Through EBL, DU was able to provide access to over 10,000 ebook titles while spending less per transaction than anticipated list prices.
- DU aims to expand its multi-format DDA model to include more vendors and formats like print-on-demand.
- Long-term, DU hopes to maintain a permanent collection through DDA while
Levine-Clark, Michael and Rebecca Seger, “Reaching Sustainable Models for E-B...Michael Levine-Clark
Levine-Clark, Michael and Rebecca Seger, “Reaching Sustainable Models for E-Book Purchasing,” Charleston Seminar – Being Earnest with our Collections: Determining Key Challenges and Best Practices, Charleston Conference, Charleston, S.C. November 8, 2014.
Levine-Clark, Michael, “eBooks’ Impact on Print: A Library Perspective,” Invi...Michael Levine-Clark
Levine-Clark, Michael, “eBooks’ Impact on Print: A Library Perspective,” Invited. Transforming Libraries for an Enriching Community, Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, January 6, 2014.
Levine-Clark, Michael, “eBooks’ Impact on Print: A Library Perspective,” Invited. Transforming Libraries for an Enriching Community, Beijing University, Beijing, January 9, 2014.
This is the English version. The Chinese/English version is available via my Slideshare account as well
Levine-Clark, Michael, and Barbara Kawecki, “NISO’s Initiative for Best Pract...Michael Levine-Clark
The document outlines recommendations from the NISO DDA Working Group for demand-driven acquisition of monographs. It recommends establishing goals for DDA programs, choosing content and models, profiling criteria, loading and removing records, assessment, preservation, and consortial and public library DDA. The working group gathered information over two years from surveys and interviews with libraries, publishers, vendors and aggregators. A final report with the recommendations was open for public comment until April 2014.
Levine-Clark, Michael, “Ebook Ecosystem 2016: State of the Art, Five Years On,” American Library Association Annual Conference, New Orleans, June 25, 2011.
This document summarizes a presentation on demand-driven acquisition (DDA) given at the Charleston Conference in 2011. It defines DDA and patron-driven acquisition (PDA) and discusses why libraries are adopting these models. Data is presented showing the decline in print book purchases and rise in ebook purchases. The presentation addresses challenges in DDA like availability of ebooks from publishers and how a multi-format DDA model could work to expand collections on demand within budget constraints.
Building Better Collections on Demand: DDA at the University of DenverMichael Levine-Clark
This document discusses demand-driven acquisition (DDA) at the University of Denver (DU). It summarizes DU's experience with DDA programs like netLibrary and EBL. Some key points:
- DDA allows DU to provide a much broader collection by matching acquisitions to immediate demand through short-term loans and purchase-on-demand.
- Through EBL, DU was able to provide access to over 10,000 ebook titles while spending less per transaction than anticipated list prices.
- DU aims to expand its multi-format DDA model to include more vendors and formats like print-on-demand.
- Long-term, DU hopes to maintain a permanent collection through DDA while
Levine-Clark, Michael and Rebecca Seger, “Reaching Sustainable Models for E-B...Michael Levine-Clark
Levine-Clark, Michael and Rebecca Seger, “Reaching Sustainable Models for E-Book Purchasing,” Charleston Seminar – Being Earnest with our Collections: Determining Key Challenges and Best Practices, Charleston Conference, Charleston, S.C. November 8, 2014.
Levine-Clark, Michael, “eBooks’ Impact on Print: A Library Perspective,” Invi...Michael Levine-Clark
Levine-Clark, Michael, “eBooks’ Impact on Print: A Library Perspective,” Invited. Transforming Libraries for an Enriching Community, Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, January 6, 2014.
Levine-Clark, Michael, “eBooks’ Impact on Print: A Library Perspective,” Invited. Transforming Libraries for an Enriching Community, Beijing University, Beijing, January 9, 2014.
This is the English version. The Chinese/English version is available via my Slideshare account as well
From Archive to Gateway: The Evolution of the Research LibraryMichael Levine-Clark
Levine-Clark, Michael, “From Archive to Gateway: The Evolution of the Research Library,” Invited. University of Utah, Friends of the Marriott Library Spring Banquet, Salt Lake City, April 9, 2013.
Academic Library Monograph Collections and Mobile Technology: Trends and Oppo...Michael Levine-Clark
Levine-Clark, Michael, “Academic Library Monograph Collections and Mobile Technology: Trends and Opportunities,” Invited. Academic eBook Future and Opportunities, University of Hong Kong Libraries, February 22, 2012.
Building better collections: Demand-Driven Acquisition as a Strategy for Mono...Michael Levine-Clark
Michael Levine-Clark presented on demand-driven acquisition (DDA) as a strategy for building monographic collections. He discussed how DDA allows libraries to provide access to a much larger collection by only paying for content that is used, matching acquisitions to immediate demand. The University of Denver implemented a DDA program through EBL in 2010 that has expanded access while spending less than traditional purchasing models. DDA provides both challenges and opportunities for managing the consideration pool and defining the long-term collection.
Levine-Clark, Michael, “Diving into E-Book Usage: ALA UpdateMichael Levine-Clark
Levine-Clark, Michael, “Diving into E-Book Usage: ALA Update,” Invited, ProQuest Day: Transforming Libraries, Transforming Research. Las Vegas, June 27, 2014.
Reinventing the library collection through demand-driven acquisitionMichael Levine-Clark
Levine-Clark, Michael, “Reinventing the Library Collection through Demand-Driven Acquisition,” Power to the Patron: From Systems to Services, A Library Journal Virtual Technology Summit, December 8, 2011.
Levine-Clark, Michael, “Analyzing and Describing Collection Use to Inform Sto...Michael Levine-Clark
Levine-Clark, Michael, “Analyzing and Describing Collection Use to Inform Storage Decisions at the University of Denver,” Statistics & Reports: Data Driven Decision Making Pre Conference, ALCTS Acquisitions Section. Invited. American Library Association, Las Vegas, June 27, 2014.
Buy Only What You Need: Demand-Driven Acquisition as a Strategy for Academic ...Michael Levine-Clark
The document summarizes the University of Denver's implementation of demand-driven acquisition (DDA) for ebooks and print books. It discusses data showing a high percentage of unused books purchased under the previous just-in-case model. The new DDA model allows books to be purchased only after a certain number of uses or short-term loans, reducing unnecessary spending. The transition involves setting up plans with ebook vendors EBL and YBP to provide access and integrate purchasing workflows with the library system. Assessment of the new model will examine use data and purchasing patterns over time.
Discovery or Displacement: A Large Scale Longitudinal Study of the Effects of...Michael Levine-Clark
McDonald, John, Jason Price, and Michael Levine-Clark, “Discovery or Displacement: A Large Scale Longitudinal Study of the Effects of Discovery Platforms on Online Journal Usage,” Plenary. UKSG Annual Conference, Harrogate, U.K., April 16, 2014.
Levine-Clark, Michael, “Diving into eBook Usage: Assessing the Swell of Infor...Michael Levine-Clark
The document discusses findings from analyzing usage data of over 750,000 e-books from 2010-2013. Key findings include:
- University press and books with LC classifications tended to see higher usage rates.
- Social sciences showed the highest percentage of titles used and average usage. Humanities performed better than STEM on ebrary but worse on EBL.
- Certain disciplines like education, social sciences, and history showed better than expected usage rates while science, language/literature, and military science showed worse than expected usage.
- Usage can be categorized as either intensive (higher average usage of titles used) or extensive (higher percentage of titles used), with different patterns seen across disciplines and platforms.
Purchasing Articles on Demand: Implications for Libraries and PublishersMichael Levine-Clark
Levine-Clark, Michael, “Purchasing Articles on Demand: Implications for Libraries and Publishers,” Invited. Emerging Trends in Scholarly Publishing Seminar, Washington, D.C., April 19, 2012.
eBooks as Textbooks: Implications for Libraries and PublishersMichael Levine-Clark
Levine-Clark, Michael, “eBooks as Textbooks: Implications for Libraries and Publishers,” Invited. Cambridge University Press Asia Library Advisory Board (CALAB), University of Hong Kong Libraries, February 23, 2012.
Pda charleston 2010: Patron-Driven Acquisition of MonographsMichael Levine-Clark
This document summarizes presentations from the 2010 Charleston Conference on patron-driven acquisition (PDA) of ebooks. It discusses:
1) Results from the University of Denver's PDA program with EBL, which saw over 1,400 short-term loans of ebooks, saving the university over $226,000 compared to purchasing all browsed titles.
2) A survey of university presses that found over half were unfamiliar with their library's PDA activities and most believed PDA could negatively impact monograph sales and their ability to forecast sales.
3) Challenges in budgeting, maintaining collections, and rethinking interlibrary loan models under PDA discussed by presenters.
Building better collections: Demand-Driven Acquisition at the University of D...Michael Levine-Clark
"Building Better Collections: Demand-Driven Acquisition at the University of Denver," a presentation given at a publisher advisory board meeting, September 2011.
Levine-Clark, Michael. “Making sense of E-Books: Models of Access and Ownership,” Invited workshop. INFORUM Conference on Professional Information Resources, Prague, May 25, 2015.
Levine-Clark, Michael, “Demand-Driven Acquisition at the University of Denver...Michael Levine-Clark
The document summarizes the University of Denver's experience with and transition to demand-driven acquisition (DDA) of ebooks and print books over time. It describes the programs and packages used from 1999 to the present, including subscriptions, evidence-based selection, and DDA through various aggregators. Data on titles used and savings from DDA with EBL are provided as an example. The document also discusses the library's aspirations for a more ideal DDA model and the challenges presented by the current reality of the technology and marketplace.
Levine-Clark, Michael, “Article-Level Acquisition: An Alternative to the Big Deal?,” Invited. Oxford University Press Library Advisory Group, Oxford, May 25, 2012
Demand-Driven Acquisition: Minor Shift or Fundamental changeMichael Levine-Clark
This document discusses demand-driven acquisitions (DDA) models that allow libraries to purchase ebooks based on patron usage rather than upfront selection. It outlines the DDA program at the University of Denver, which loads records for tens of thousands of ebooks and allows short-term loans before purchase. Data shows increasing usage and purchases through the program. The author advocates expanding DDA to include multiple ebook vendors and formats, and making as much content as possible accessible within the library's budget. Publishers are urged to make ebooks available through all DDA models and ensure content is discoverable.
Rethinking Library Acquisition: Demand-Driven Purchasing for Scholarly BooksMichael Levine-Clark
This document discusses the development and implementation of demand-driven acquisition (DDA) models for scholarly books at university libraries. It provides data from the University of Denver showing high percentages of unused books purchased under traditional models. The document then outlines the University of Denver's DDA plan using YBP and EBL, including record loading, user requesting workflows, and assessment considerations. It closes by discussing implications of DDA for collections, users, libraries, publishing, and book vendors.
The Current State of E-Books in Academic Libraries: A North American PerspectiveMichael Levine-Clark
Levine-Clark, Michael, “The Current State of E-Books in Academic Libraries: A North American Perspective,” Invited. Emerging Trends in Digital Publishing and the Digital Library, National Taiwan University Library, Taipei, January 8, 2013.
學術圖書館之電子書現況
The Current State of eBooks in Academic Libraries
Professor Michael Levine-Clark, 美國丹佛大學圖書館學術交流與典藏服務部門主任
http://www.lib.ntu.edu.tw/events/2013_CALAB/
Levine-Clark, Michael, “Permanent Collections vs Temporary Collections: Consi...Michael Levine-Clark
The document discusses the tensions between academic libraries' missions of preserving knowledge for future generations and serving the current needs of students and faculty. It notes that libraries are moving away from primarily permanent collections towards more temporary access models using leasing and subscriptions. A potential future model is outlined where libraries focus on immediate access to all relevant content through various temporary means while ensuring future access through initiatives like print archiving. This broader temporary collection approach could fulfill both the preservation and access missions if issues like ensuring access to out-of-print titles are addressed.
Levine-Clark, Michael, “Going Beyond COUNTER: Strategies for Analyzing Data t...Michael Levine-Clark
Levine-Clark, Michael, “Going Beyond COUNTER: Strategies for Analyzing Data to Better Understand Collections Usage,” Invited Workshop, 14th International Southern Africa Online Information Meeting (SAOIM), Pretoria, June 19, 2018.
Levine-Clark, Michael, “What is the Future of Academic Library Collection Dev...Michael Levine-Clark
Levine-Clark, Michael, “What is the Future of Academic Library Collection Development,” Invited Keynote, 14th International Southern Africa Online Information Meeting (SAOIM), Pretoria, June 20, 2018.
From Archive to Gateway: The Evolution of the Research LibraryMichael Levine-Clark
Levine-Clark, Michael, “From Archive to Gateway: The Evolution of the Research Library,” Invited. University of Utah, Friends of the Marriott Library Spring Banquet, Salt Lake City, April 9, 2013.
Academic Library Monograph Collections and Mobile Technology: Trends and Oppo...Michael Levine-Clark
Levine-Clark, Michael, “Academic Library Monograph Collections and Mobile Technology: Trends and Opportunities,” Invited. Academic eBook Future and Opportunities, University of Hong Kong Libraries, February 22, 2012.
Building better collections: Demand-Driven Acquisition as a Strategy for Mono...Michael Levine-Clark
Michael Levine-Clark presented on demand-driven acquisition (DDA) as a strategy for building monographic collections. He discussed how DDA allows libraries to provide access to a much larger collection by only paying for content that is used, matching acquisitions to immediate demand. The University of Denver implemented a DDA program through EBL in 2010 that has expanded access while spending less than traditional purchasing models. DDA provides both challenges and opportunities for managing the consideration pool and defining the long-term collection.
Levine-Clark, Michael, “Diving into E-Book Usage: ALA UpdateMichael Levine-Clark
Levine-Clark, Michael, “Diving into E-Book Usage: ALA Update,” Invited, ProQuest Day: Transforming Libraries, Transforming Research. Las Vegas, June 27, 2014.
Reinventing the library collection through demand-driven acquisitionMichael Levine-Clark
Levine-Clark, Michael, “Reinventing the Library Collection through Demand-Driven Acquisition,” Power to the Patron: From Systems to Services, A Library Journal Virtual Technology Summit, December 8, 2011.
Levine-Clark, Michael, “Analyzing and Describing Collection Use to Inform Sto...Michael Levine-Clark
Levine-Clark, Michael, “Analyzing and Describing Collection Use to Inform Storage Decisions at the University of Denver,” Statistics & Reports: Data Driven Decision Making Pre Conference, ALCTS Acquisitions Section. Invited. American Library Association, Las Vegas, June 27, 2014.
Buy Only What You Need: Demand-Driven Acquisition as a Strategy for Academic ...Michael Levine-Clark
The document summarizes the University of Denver's implementation of demand-driven acquisition (DDA) for ebooks and print books. It discusses data showing a high percentage of unused books purchased under the previous just-in-case model. The new DDA model allows books to be purchased only after a certain number of uses or short-term loans, reducing unnecessary spending. The transition involves setting up plans with ebook vendors EBL and YBP to provide access and integrate purchasing workflows with the library system. Assessment of the new model will examine use data and purchasing patterns over time.
Discovery or Displacement: A Large Scale Longitudinal Study of the Effects of...Michael Levine-Clark
McDonald, John, Jason Price, and Michael Levine-Clark, “Discovery or Displacement: A Large Scale Longitudinal Study of the Effects of Discovery Platforms on Online Journal Usage,” Plenary. UKSG Annual Conference, Harrogate, U.K., April 16, 2014.
Levine-Clark, Michael, “Diving into eBook Usage: Assessing the Swell of Infor...Michael Levine-Clark
The document discusses findings from analyzing usage data of over 750,000 e-books from 2010-2013. Key findings include:
- University press and books with LC classifications tended to see higher usage rates.
- Social sciences showed the highest percentage of titles used and average usage. Humanities performed better than STEM on ebrary but worse on EBL.
- Certain disciplines like education, social sciences, and history showed better than expected usage rates while science, language/literature, and military science showed worse than expected usage.
- Usage can be categorized as either intensive (higher average usage of titles used) or extensive (higher percentage of titles used), with different patterns seen across disciplines and platforms.
Purchasing Articles on Demand: Implications for Libraries and PublishersMichael Levine-Clark
Levine-Clark, Michael, “Purchasing Articles on Demand: Implications for Libraries and Publishers,” Invited. Emerging Trends in Scholarly Publishing Seminar, Washington, D.C., April 19, 2012.
eBooks as Textbooks: Implications for Libraries and PublishersMichael Levine-Clark
Levine-Clark, Michael, “eBooks as Textbooks: Implications for Libraries and Publishers,” Invited. Cambridge University Press Asia Library Advisory Board (CALAB), University of Hong Kong Libraries, February 23, 2012.
Pda charleston 2010: Patron-Driven Acquisition of MonographsMichael Levine-Clark
This document summarizes presentations from the 2010 Charleston Conference on patron-driven acquisition (PDA) of ebooks. It discusses:
1) Results from the University of Denver's PDA program with EBL, which saw over 1,400 short-term loans of ebooks, saving the university over $226,000 compared to purchasing all browsed titles.
2) A survey of university presses that found over half were unfamiliar with their library's PDA activities and most believed PDA could negatively impact monograph sales and their ability to forecast sales.
3) Challenges in budgeting, maintaining collections, and rethinking interlibrary loan models under PDA discussed by presenters.
Building better collections: Demand-Driven Acquisition at the University of D...Michael Levine-Clark
"Building Better Collections: Demand-Driven Acquisition at the University of Denver," a presentation given at a publisher advisory board meeting, September 2011.
Levine-Clark, Michael. “Making sense of E-Books: Models of Access and Ownership,” Invited workshop. INFORUM Conference on Professional Information Resources, Prague, May 25, 2015.
Levine-Clark, Michael, “Demand-Driven Acquisition at the University of Denver...Michael Levine-Clark
The document summarizes the University of Denver's experience with and transition to demand-driven acquisition (DDA) of ebooks and print books over time. It describes the programs and packages used from 1999 to the present, including subscriptions, evidence-based selection, and DDA through various aggregators. Data on titles used and savings from DDA with EBL are provided as an example. The document also discusses the library's aspirations for a more ideal DDA model and the challenges presented by the current reality of the technology and marketplace.
Levine-Clark, Michael, “Article-Level Acquisition: An Alternative to the Big Deal?,” Invited. Oxford University Press Library Advisory Group, Oxford, May 25, 2012
Demand-Driven Acquisition: Minor Shift or Fundamental changeMichael Levine-Clark
This document discusses demand-driven acquisitions (DDA) models that allow libraries to purchase ebooks based on patron usage rather than upfront selection. It outlines the DDA program at the University of Denver, which loads records for tens of thousands of ebooks and allows short-term loans before purchase. Data shows increasing usage and purchases through the program. The author advocates expanding DDA to include multiple ebook vendors and formats, and making as much content as possible accessible within the library's budget. Publishers are urged to make ebooks available through all DDA models and ensure content is discoverable.
Rethinking Library Acquisition: Demand-Driven Purchasing for Scholarly BooksMichael Levine-Clark
This document discusses the development and implementation of demand-driven acquisition (DDA) models for scholarly books at university libraries. It provides data from the University of Denver showing high percentages of unused books purchased under traditional models. The document then outlines the University of Denver's DDA plan using YBP and EBL, including record loading, user requesting workflows, and assessment considerations. It closes by discussing implications of DDA for collections, users, libraries, publishing, and book vendors.
The Current State of E-Books in Academic Libraries: A North American PerspectiveMichael Levine-Clark
Levine-Clark, Michael, “The Current State of E-Books in Academic Libraries: A North American Perspective,” Invited. Emerging Trends in Digital Publishing and the Digital Library, National Taiwan University Library, Taipei, January 8, 2013.
學術圖書館之電子書現況
The Current State of eBooks in Academic Libraries
Professor Michael Levine-Clark, 美國丹佛大學圖書館學術交流與典藏服務部門主任
http://www.lib.ntu.edu.tw/events/2013_CALAB/
Levine-Clark, Michael, “Permanent Collections vs Temporary Collections: Consi...Michael Levine-Clark
The document discusses the tensions between academic libraries' missions of preserving knowledge for future generations and serving the current needs of students and faculty. It notes that libraries are moving away from primarily permanent collections towards more temporary access models using leasing and subscriptions. A potential future model is outlined where libraries focus on immediate access to all relevant content through various temporary means while ensuring future access through initiatives like print archiving. This broader temporary collection approach could fulfill both the preservation and access missions if issues like ensuring access to out-of-print titles are addressed.
Levine-Clark, Michael, “Going Beyond COUNTER: Strategies for Analyzing Data t...Michael Levine-Clark
Levine-Clark, Michael, “Going Beyond COUNTER: Strategies for Analyzing Data to Better Understand Collections Usage,” Invited Workshop, 14th International Southern Africa Online Information Meeting (SAOIM), Pretoria, June 19, 2018.
Levine-Clark, Michael, “What is the Future of Academic Library Collection Dev...Michael Levine-Clark
Levine-Clark, Michael, “What is the Future of Academic Library Collection Development,” Invited Keynote, 14th International Southern Africa Online Information Meeting (SAOIM), Pretoria, June 20, 2018.
Levine-Clark, Michael, John McDonald, and Jason Price, “Availability of Freely Available Articles from Gold, Green, Rogue, and Pirated Sources: How do Library Knowledge Bases Stack Up?” Electronic Resources & Libraries, Austin, April 4, 2017.
Levine-Clark, Michael, Jane Burke, and Henning Schönenberger, “Assessing the ...Michael Levine-Clark
Levine-Clark, Michael, Jane Burke, and Henning Schönenberger, “Assessing the Value and Impact of Discovery Systems,” Invited, Special Libraries Association – Arabian Gulf Chapter, Kuwait City, April 20, 2016.
Levine-Clark, Michael, “What Do Our Users Think About eBooks? 10 Years of Survey Data at the University of Denver,” Charleston Conference, Charleston, S.C., November 5, 2015
Levine-Clark, Michael. “Can We Have it All? Do We Want it All? The Evolution of Academic Library Collection Development,” Invited Keynote. INFORUM Conference on Professional Information Resources, Prague, May 26, 2015.
Levine-Clark, Michael, “Measuring Discovery: The Impact of Discovery Systems ...Michael Levine-Clark
Levine-Clark, Michael, “Measuring Discovery: The Impact of Discovery Systems on Journal Usage,” Invited. INFORUM Conference on Professional Information Resources, Prague, May 26, 2015. [John McDonald and Jason Price]
1. A study analyzed the impact of four discovery services on journal article usage across six publishers and 33 libraries over two years.
2. The study found that every discovery service increased journal usage compared to the control group, but the size of the increase differed between services and across libraries and publishers.
3. Usage changes were influenced by factors like library configurations, metadata quality, and availability of full text in aggregators. More research is needed on how discovery impacts other content types and why certain results occurred.
Levine-Clark, Michael and Kari Paulson, “E-Book Usage on a Global Scale: Patt...Michael Levine-Clark
Levine-Clark, Michael and Kari Paulson, “E-Book Usage on a Global Scale: Patterns, Trends, and Opportunities,” UKSG Annual Conference, Glasgow, March 30-April 1, 2015.
Levine-Clark, Michael, Maria Savova, and Jason Price, “Making Value Judgments...Michael Levine-Clark
Levine-Clark, Michael, Maria Savova, and Jason Price, “Making Value Judgments: E-Book Pricing for Access and Ownership,” Electronic Resources & Libraries, Austin, February 23, 2015.
Levine-Clark, Michael, Sara Holladay, and Margaret M. Jobe, “Uniqueness and Collection Overlap in Academic Libraries,” Charleston Conference, Charleston, S.C., November 6, 2009.
Levine-Clark, Michael, “E-Resources in Academic Libraries: Trends, Strategies...Michael Levine-Clark
This document discusses trends in e-resources in academic libraries. It outlines how libraries' roles are evolving from managing print collections to managing multiple streams of digital content through various acquisition models like subscriptions, demand-driven acquisition, and licensing. It also examines challenges like declining budgets and new content types. The document analyzes different access models for ebooks and journals, balancing factors like cost, rights, and long-term access. It notes the complexity of evaluating e-resources given issues with usage data and determining value across platforms.
Levine-Clark, Michael, John McDonald, and Jason Price. Discovery or Displacement? A Large-Scale Longitudinal Study of the Effect of Discovery Systems on Online Journal Usage. July 23, 2014.
Niso ddLevine-Clark, Michael, “New forms of Discovery and Purchase in Librari...Michael Levine-Clark
The document discusses recommendations for new forms of discovery and purchasing in libraries using demand-driven acquisitions (DDA). It outlines four broad goals for DDA programs: saving money, spending the same amount more wisely, providing broader access, and building a permanent collection via patron input. The recommendations address establishing goals, choosing content and DDA models, profiling, loading and removing records, assessment, preservation, and consortial DDA. The presentation of these recommendations aims to develop a flexible DDA model that meets local needs while allowing for consortial participation and cross-aggregator implementation.
Levine-Clark, Michael, and Barbara Kawecki, “Best Practices for Demand-Driven...Michael Levine-Clark
Levine-Clark, Michael, and Barbara Kawecki, “Best Practices for Demand-Driven Acquisition of Monographs: Recommendations of the NISO DDA Working Group,” Electronic Resources & Libraries, Austin, March 17, 2014.
Discovery or Displacement?: A Large Scale Longitudinal Study of the Effect of...Michael Levine-Clark
Levine-Clark, Michael, John McDonald, and Jason Price, "Discovery or Displacement?: A Large Scale Longitudinal Study of the Effect of Discovery Systems on Online Journal Usage," Charleston Conference, November 7, 2013.
Plenary session for Charleston Conference 2013. Authors: Michael Levine-Clark, John McDonald, Jason Price. In this first large scale study of the effect of discovery systems on electronic resource usage, the authors present initial findings on how these systems alter online journal usage by academic library researchers. The study examines usage of content hosted by four major academic journal publishers at 24 libraries that have implemented one of the major discovery systems, EBSCO's EDS, Ex Libris' Primo, OCLC's Worldcat Local, or SerialsSolutions’ Summon. A statistically rigorous comparison of COUNTER-compliant journal usage at each library from the 12 months before and after implementation will determine the degree to which usage rises or falls after discovery tool implementation and address rumors that discovery tools differ in their impact on electronic resource usage.
Levine-Clark, Michael, and Barbara Kawecki, "Best Practices for Demand-Driven...Michael Levine-Clark
Levine-Clark, Michael, and Barbara Kawecki, "Best Practices for Demand-Driven Acquisition of Monographs: Preliminary Recommendations of the NISO DDA Working Group," Charleston Conference, November 8, 2013.
Since Summer 2012, a National Information Standards Organization (NISO) working group has been developing a recommended practice regarding Demand-Driven Acquisition. This group, consisting of librarians, publishers, e-book aggregators, and approval and ILS vendors, has gathered feedback through surveys, interviews, and focus groups, and will present draft recommendations and ask for audience reactions.
The working group plans to release a final report in Spring 2014. This session will provide a crucial opportunity for stakeholders to respond to preliminary findings of the group, including detailed results of its recent international survey of stakeholders about DDA practices and opinions. The report will include recommendations on:
Best practices for populating and managing the pool of titles under consideration for potential purchase, including methods for automated updating and removal of discovery records;
Development of consistent models for the three basic aspects of e-book DDA – free discovery to prevent inadvertent transactions, temporary lease, and purchase – that work for publishers and libraries;
Methods for managing DDA of multiple formats; and
Models and strategies for measuring and predicting use.
Discovery or Not?发现与否?A Major Longitudinal Study of the Effect of Web-Scale Discovery Services on Online Journal Usage网络规模发现系统对在线期刊使用的影响的重要纵向研究
1. Discovery or Not?发现与否?
A Major Longitudinal Study of the Effect of WebScale Discovery Services on Online Journal Usage
网络规模发现系统对在线期刊使用的影响的重要纵向研究
Transforming Libraries for an Enriching Community
“蜕变:为不断发展的学术界打造全新的图书馆”
Koguan Law School, Shanghai Jiao Tong University
上海交通大学(徐汇校区)凯原法学楼
January 6, 2014
2014年1月6日
Michael Levine-Clark 迈克尔•莱文•克拉克 University of Denver 丹佛大学
John McDonald 约翰• 麦克唐纳 University of Southern California 南加利福尼亚大学
Jason Price 詹森•普莱斯 SCELC Consortium 加州电子图书馆联盟
2. Discovery or Not?发现与否?
A Major Longitudinal Study of the Effect of WebScale Discovery Services on Online Journal Usage
网络规模发现系统对在线期刊使用的影响的重要纵向研究
Transforming Libraries for an Enriching Community
“蜕变:为不断发展的学术界打造全新的图书馆”
Koguan Law School, Shanghai Jiao Tong University
Beijing University 北京大学
January 9, 2014
2014年1月9日
Michael Levine-Clark 迈克尔•莱文•克拉克 University of Denver 丹佛大学
John McDonald 约翰• 麦克唐纳 University of Southern California 南加利福尼亚大学
Jason Price 詹森•普莱斯 SCELC Consortium 加州电子图书馆联盟
3. John McDonald 约翰• 麦克唐纳
Jason Price 詹森•普莱斯
Associate Dean for Collections
馆藏副教务长
University of Southern California
南加利福尼亚大学
Program Manager 项目经理
Statewide California Electronic Library
Consortium 加州全州电子图书馆联
盟(SCELC)
World-Champion Bocce Ball Player
室外地滚球戏世界冠军
Knitted a Life-Size Replica of the Taj
Mahal 编制了实物大小的泰姬陵复
制品
译者注:室外地滚球戏是一种意大
利式式草地保龄球,主要盛行于北
欧国家
译者注:泰姬陵主体陵墓尺寸大致
为60米*60米*75米
Michael Levine-Clark 迈克尔•莱文•
克拉克
Associate Dean for
ScholarlyCommunication and
Collections Services 学术交流与馆
藏服务副教务长
University of Denver丹佛大学
Can Clean and Jerk 400 Pounds
能够挺举400磅
译者注:男子挺举62公斤级世界
纪录是182公斤,合401.2磅
4. “…a steep increase in full text downloads and link
resolver click‐throughs suggests Summon had a
dramatic impact on user behavior and the use of
library collections during this time period.”
“……全文下载量和链接点击量的急剧增长说明了Summon
在这段时期内对于读者行为和图书馆馆藏使用有着戏剧性
的影响。”
The Impact of Web-scale Discovery on the Use of a Library
Collection 网络规模发现工具对图书馆馆藏使用的影响
Doug Way 道格• 韦(2010) http://scholarworks.gvsu.edu/library_sp/9/
6. What did we measure?
我们分析出什么?
• Whether there is an effect
•
是 是否存在影响
• NOT why that effect exists
(that’s a future study!)
• 不是 为什么存在影响
(那是未来的研究项目)
7. Does implementation of a discovery service
impact usage of publisher-hosted journal content?
应用发现系统能否影响出版商主导的期刊内容的使用?
8.
9. Web-scale discovery services
网络规模发现系统
•
Single source for finding
informationn
成系统
查找信息的单一来源
– Books
书籍
– Articles
文章
– Local content 本地内容
•
Metadata and/or full text
元数据和/或全文
•
Content is pre-indexed and/or
pre-harvested内容是已编入索
引并且/或已完成的
•
Single fast search
单独快速搜索
ILS图书馆集
Publisher
Metadata出
版商元数据
MLA
Bibliography
参考书目
Institutional
Repository
机构知识库
HathiTrust
数字库
Discovery Service
发现系统
10. An assumption一个假设
• At any given institution, given a relatively stable user base, the total
search effort will remain roughly the same.
• 在任何给定机构,给定一个相对稳定地用户群体,总体搜索量
会保持大致稳定
– X students will have Y assignments and Z hours per day to search
– X名学生有Y份作业,每天用Z小时来搜索
– X faculty will publish Y papers and have Z hours per day to search
– X 名教员会发表Y篇论文,每天用Z小时来搜索
11. Discovery services发现系统
Will take up an increasing amount of a finite time for searching
会占据更多数量的有限时间来检索
Will draw users from other (more or less efficient) search tools
会把使用者从别的(更高效或低效的)搜索工具吸引过来
Will alter the overall productivity of searches (users will find more or less)
会影响搜索的总体数量(读者会发现更多或更少)
Will alter the overall efficiency of users (users will access more or less full-text)
会影响搜索的总体效率(读者会使用更多或更少的全文)
12. Prior studies之前的研究
• Some studies have indicated substantial increases in usage after Discovery
implementation一些研究显示使用发现系统后会出现大规模的使用量增长
– Descriptive statistics only
– 仅有描述性统计
– Single institution studies only
– 仅在单一机构中进行研究
• Some publishers report decreased usage of content一些出版商反映内容使
用的减少
– Anecdotal, may affect some and not others
– 是传闻的,可能影响了一部分出版商,并没有影响其他
13. Data collection数据收集
• List of libraries with discovery services
使用发现系统的图书馆列表
> Searched on lib-web-cats 在lib-web-cats上搜集
• Surveyed Libraries 调查的图书馆
> Discovery service Implemented 使用发现系统
> Implementation Date (month/year) 启用日期(月/年)
> Search box location 搜索栏位置
> Marketing effort 营销效能
• 149 Libraries Gave Approval 149所图书馆给予认可
> 24 libraries selected for this phase 本阶段选择了24所图书馆
> 6 for each of the 4 major discovery services 4种主要发现系统,每种6所
14. Library demographics图书馆情况统计
• 20 US, 1 each from UK, AUS, NZ, CA
美国20所,英国、澳大利亚、新西兰、加拿大各1所
• 10 ARL Libraries included
包含10所美国研究图书馆协会图书馆
• WorldCat book holdings WorldCat 图书持有量
> Average 平均: 1,114,193
> Median 中值: 1,044,153
> High 高: 2,665,796
> Low 低: 298,365
• Implementation dates 发现系统启用日期:
> 2010 (3), 2011 (19), 2012 (2)
16. Dataset数据
• 24 Libraries 24所图书馆
– 20 US, 1 each from UK, AUS, NZ, CA
– 美国20所,英国、澳大利亚、新西兰、加拿大各1所
– WorldCat book holdings WorldCat 图书持有量
> Average平均: 1,114,193 ; Range: ~300k to ~2.6mil范围: 约30万—约260万
• Implementation dates发现系统启用日期:
> 2010 (3), 2011 (19), 2012 (2)
• 6 Publishers出版商
• 9,206 Journals期刊
• 159,278 Observations观测数据
• 141,048 Usable Observations可用数据
17. Methodology方法
Compared COUNTER JR1 total full text article views for the
12 months before vs 12 months after implementation date
End
Year 2
May 2012
Year 1
Implementation
May 2011
Start
June 2010
对比启用发现系统前后各一年的COUNTER JR1全文浏览总量
Included implementation month in Year 1 to ensure that
both periods included an entire academic year
启用月包含在前一年,以使两个时间段都包含一个完整的学年
18. Collections notes收集说明
•
Controlled for journal title availability across entire 24 months
•
控制期刊在整个24个月内可用
Excluded journals that did not have COUNTER reporting across entire
period
排除了在整段时间内没有COUNTER报告的期刊
•
Availability of complete Big Deal is irrelevant
•
整体期刊库的可用性并非必需
What matters is availability of large number of titles with coverage for
entire 24-month period
重要的是大量的期刊的可用时间段可以覆盖这24个月
Most libraries have all or nearly all titles from each publisher
大部分图书馆有全部或大部分来自各出版商的所有期刊
19. Collections notes收集说明
•
Limited ability to control for changes in
aggregator, backfile access, or expanded holdings
•
限制集成商变化,过刊访问或持有量扩大的能力有限
Will do this in later phase of study
下一阶段的研究中会加以控制
•
Outliers removed from analysis
•
分析中去除异常值
26. General trends定性分析大体趋势
• Variation by institution within each discovery service
• 每种发现系统的使用量,随着机构不同而不同
• Variation by publisher within each discovery service
• 每种发现系统的使用量,随着出版商不同而不同
• Some publishers saw overall net increase, while some experienced a
decrease in usage
• 一些出版商的使用量整体净增长,同时另一些整体使用量的减少
28. Analyzing Usage Change: % vs Total
分析使用量变化:百分比v.s.整体
Use 12 months Use 12 months
before之前12 after之后12个
个月的使用
月的使用
% Change
百分比
变化
Total
Change
整体变
化量
Journal期刊A
500
600
20%
100
Journal期刊B
5
15
200%
10
Which is the better measure? 哪种分析方式更棒?
Is it the same for publisher- & journal-level data?
基于出版商和基于期刊的数据分析,结论一样吗?
29. Goals of our inferential statistics
我们推论统计的目标
• Determine whether observed differences are significant or
resulted from chance effects
• 确定我们观察到的差别是有意义的,还是随机影响的结果
• Determine which of the three factors (i.e.
library, publisher, discovery service) contribute to determining
differences in usage change at the journal level
• 确定这三种因素(图书馆、出版商、发现系统)中的哪个影响了期刊
使用量变化
• Identify important factors for further analysis*
• 确定未来分析中的重要因素*
30. ANOVA – F Ratio方差分析——比例F
• Tests whether the means for levels within a factor are distinguishable from
each other
•
检测不同因素的影响水平可否区分
•
Average variability due to the factor
F ratio =
Average variability due to chance error
由于因素导致的平均变化
比例F =
由于随机误差导致的平均变化
•
So, when F ≈ 1, means are not distinguishable, when F is >> 1, there are real
differences among some means
•
当 F ≈ 1时,因素的影响不可区分;
当 F >>1时,因素影响导致的差别显著;
33. Testable Interactions可测试的交互作用
• Discovery Tool发现系统
– Implemented by multiple libraries 多个图书馆使用
– Used to find content from all publishers 可被用来寻找所有出版商的内容
• Publisher出版商
– Accessible in all discovery tools 可用所有发现工具获取
– Accessible across multiple libraries 可被多个图书馆获取
• Library图书馆
– Uses content from multiple publishers 使用多个出版商的内容
– Uses only one discovery tool 使用一种发现工具
40. Does Usage Change Vary Across
Discovery Services?
Yes
使用量变化是否与发现系统相关?
是
41.
42. Does the Effect of Discovery Service
Vary across Publishers?
Yes
发现系统的影响是否与出版商相
关?
是
43. Results结果
Can we detect differences between Discovery
Services, Publishers, and/or Libraries and/or their interactions?
我们能检测到发现系统,出版商,和/或图书馆,和/或他们
的相互作用对使用量变化的影响吗?
• Library – Yes 图书馆——能
• Publisher – No 出版商——不能
• Discovery Service – Yes 发现系统——能
• Differential discovery service effect by publisher – Yes
发现系统的影响随出版商不同而变化——能
44. Conclusions结论
• Discovery Service and Library as variables on their own
were significant predictors of usage change
• 发现系统和图书馆作为独立变量,是使用量变化的重要预测因
子
• The effect of Discovery Service on usage change varied
across Publishers
• 发现系统对使用量变化的影响与出版商相关
– No Discovery Service increased or decreased usage across all
publishers
–
没有发现系统能使所有出版商的使用量实现统一的增长或统一的减少
45. Sharing Data共享的数据
• With participating libraries 对参与的图书馆
– Customized reports for each library 每个图书馆的定制报告
• With participating publishers 对参与的出版商
– Customized reports for each publisher 每个出版商的定制报告
– Presentations as requested 应邀演讲
• With discovery vendors 对发现系统供应商
– Presentations as requested 应邀演讲
• In publications and presentations 在出版物上和演讲时
– Maintaining anonymity of data 保持数据匿名
46. Next Steps下一步计划
• Design & test for effects of: 设计并测试以下因素的影响:
– Aggregator full text availability 集成商全文可用性
– Institution Size / Enrollment Profile 机构规模/ 注册人数
– Publisher Size 出版商规模
– Journal Subject 期刊学科
– Overall usage trends (Requires Disc Srvc ‘control’)
整体使用趋势(需要Disc Srvc“控制”)
– Configuration options in Discovery services发现系统的架构
• Expand pool of libraries 扩大图书馆选择范围
• Perhaps explore WHY 也许会探索产生这些影响的原因
This chart shows total journals available by publisher included in the study, grouped by discovery service. In this chart, you'll clearly be able to see that larger schools with more journals typically had Primo and Summon, while EDS and WorldCat local were implemented by larger ranges of large to small libraries.