This document discusses digital image processing and provides examples of its applications. It describes various image sources including gamma rays, x-rays, ultraviolet rays, infrared, visible light, microwaves, radio waves, and sound. It then gives examples of how digital image processing is used in astronomy, medicine, geography, industry, art, and law enforcement. Specifically, it discusses how the Hubble telescope's images were corrected using processing, how MRI scans are analyzed, how satellite imagery is used in geography, and how machines are replacing humans for industrial inspection using vision systems.

1. DIGITAL IMAGE PROCESSING
Dr. S. SHAJUN NISHA, M.C.A., M.Phil., M.Tech., M.B.A., Ph.D.,
Assistant Professor and Head,
PG and Research Department of Computer Science,
Sadakathullah Appa College,
Tirunelveli- 627011.

2. Introduction
•“One picture is worth more than ten thousand
words”
•Anonymous

3. Image Sources

4. Image Source – GAMMA Ray
1. Nuclear medicine
using radioactive
isotopes
2. Astronomical
observations
Application

5. Image Source – x-ray
• Medical
field(Angiogram)
• Astronomy
• Industrial application
to study circuit boards
to identify
discontinuity
Application

6. Image Source - Ultraviolet Ray
• Lithography
• Industrial application
• Microscopy
• Lasers
• Biological imaging
• Astronomical
observations
Application

7. Image Source- Infrared and Visible band
• Light microscopy
• Astronomy
• Remote sensing
• Industry
• Law enforcement
Application

8. Image Source - Microwave band
• In Radar
Application

9. Image Source – Radio Band
• MRI scan
Application

10. Image Source – Sound
• Geological exploration
• Industry
• Medicine

11. Examples: The Hubble Telescope
•Launched in 1990 the Hubble
telescope can take images of
very distant objects
•However, an incorrect mirror
made many of Hubble’s
images useless
•Image processing
techniques were
used to fix this

12. Examples: Artistic Effects
•Artistic effects are
used to make images
more visually
appealing, to add
special effects and to
make composite
images

13. Examples: Medicine
•Take slice from MRI scan of canine heart, and
find boundaries between types of tissue
– Image with gray levels representing tissue density
– Use a suitable filter to highlight edges
Original MRI Image of a Dog Heart Edge Detection Image

14. Examples: GIS
•Geographic Information Systems
– Digital image processing techniques are used
extensively to manipulate satellite imagery
– Terrain classification
– Meteorology

15. Examples: GIS (cont…)
•Night-Time Lights of the
World data set
– Global inventory of
human settlement
– Not hard to imagine
the kind of analysis
that might be done
using this data

16. Examples: Industrial Inspection
•Human operators are
expensive, slow and
unreliable
•Make machines do the
job instead
•Industrial vision systems
are used in all kinds of
industries
•Can we trust them?

17. Examples: PCB Inspection
•Printed Circuit Board (PCB) inspection
– Machine inspection is used to determine that all
components are present and that all solder joints
are acceptable
– Both conventional imaging and x-ray imaging are
used

18. Examples: Law Enforcement
•Image processing
techniques are used
extensively by law enforcers
– Number plate recognition
for speed
cameras/automated toll
systems
– Fingerprint recognition
– Enhancement of CCTV
images

19. Examples: HCI
•Try to make human computer
interfaces more natural
– Face recognition
– Gesture recognition
•Does anyone remember the
user interface from “Minority
Report”?
•These tasks can be extremely
difficult

20. Email: shajunnisha78@gmail.com
Mobile: 9942096220