The document defines key terms used in educational research, including independent variables, dependent variables, treatment variables, organismic variables, attribute variables, intervening variables, and extraneous variables. Independent variables are the conditions manipulated or observed by the researcher, such as a teaching method. Dependent variables are the conditions that change as a result of changes to the independent variable, like test scores. Treatment and organismic variables are types of independent variables. Intervening variables are difficult to observe individual feelings like boredom, while extraneous variables are more readily observed and controlled conditions.

1. BY : KAVITHA C.O.
M. Ed.

3. The conditions or
characteristics that the
experimenter manipulates,
controls, or observes.

5. INDEPENDENT VARIABLE DEPENDENT VARIABLE

6. INDEPENDENT
VARIABLES

8. In educational research

9. . a particular teaching
method

10. . a type of teaching
material

11. . a reward

12. . a period of exposure to a
particular condition

13. . an attribute
such as sex

14. or level of intelligence

15. TREATMENT VARIABLES ORGANISMIC OR ATTRIBUTE
VARIABLES
INDEPENDENT VARIABLE

16. Dependent
variables

17. The conditions
or characteristics
that appear, disappear, or change
as the experimenter
introduces, removes, or changes.

18. Dependent variables may be a
test score, the number of errors or
measured speed in performing
a task.

19. The dependent variables are the measured
changes in pupil performance attributable
to the influence of the independent
variable.

20. INTERVENING VARIABLES EXTRANEOUS VARIABLES

22. • hard

23. • impossible to observe

24. • usually have to do with an
individual’s feeling

25. Example

26. -boredom

27. -fatigue

28. -excitement

30. •more readily
observed

31. • measured

32. • easily controlled