The document defines knowledge as a justified true belief consisting of three elements: truth, belief, and justification. Justification can come through language, perception, reason, or emotion. For a belief to be considered true, it must always have been and remain true. There are three types of belief: vague, well-supported, and beyond reasonable doubt. The relationship between knowledge, belief, justification, and truth is explained using the equation K=JTB (knowledge equals justified true belief).
Of Bandhs, Protests and Railway Blocks in IndiaAnshul Tewari
Chaaka Jaam, Bandhs, Rally, Protests are a common sight in India. The initial excitement of an unexpected holiday turns into a highly disappointing, frustrating and unproductive day. What feels worse is: when protests take over the railway tracks and you are unexpectedly stuck in the middle of nowhere! This is exactly what happened to us on a Saturday afternoon in Chennai.
Mimisan adalah suatu keadaan di mana terjadi pendarahan ringan di hidung yang keluar melalui salah satu atau kedua lubang hidung dalam kurun waktu yang bervariasi. Via : https://goo.gl/QwXKeP
SOURCES OF KNOWLEDGEPerception has traditionally been considered.docxmckellarhastings
SOURCES OF KNOWLEDGE
Perception has traditionally been considered our most reliable guide to the truth. That perception is considered a source of knowledge should not surprise us, for most of our information about the world comes to us through our senses. If our senses weren’t reliable, we could not have survived as long as we have. But even though senses are reliable, they’re not infallible. The existence of illusions and hallu- cinations demonstrates that our senses can’t always be trusted.
Illusions and hallucinations occur only under certain circum- stances, however. Only when we, our tools, or our environment are in a state that impedes the accurate flow of information do our senses lead us astray. For example, if we are injured, anxious, or drugged; if our glasses are cracked, our hearing aid broken, or our measuring devices malfunctioning; or if it is dark, noisy, or foggy, then our obser- vations may be mistaken. But if we have good reason to believe that no such impediments to accurate perception are present, then we have good reason to believe what we perceive.
Just as perception is considered a source of knowledge about the external world, introspection is considered a source of knowledge about the internal world, that is, about our mental states. Some peo- ple have considered this source of knowledge to be infallible. We may be mistaken about many things, they argue, but we cannot be mis- taken about the contents of our own minds. We may be mistaken, for example, about whether we see a tree, but we cannot be mistaken about whether we seem to see a tree. But we must be careful here. While we may infallibly know what our experience is like, we may not infallibly know that it is of a certain sort. In other words, we may mis- categorize or misdescribe what we experience. Infatuation, for example, may be mistaken for love, jealousy for envy, rage for anger. So the beliefs we form through introspection about our current expe- rience are not infallible.
Similarly, the beliefs we form through introspection about our dispositional mental states are not infallible. There are certain mental states (like believing, wanting, hoping, fearing, and so on) that we may be in even though we are not currently feeling or doing anything in particular. Such states are called dispositional because to be in them is to have a tendency to feel or do certain things under certain conditions. For example, if you are afraid of snakes, you will normally have a tendency to feel fear and run away when you see one. Unfor- tunately, we can deceive ourselves about our dispositional mental states. We may believe, for example, that we are in love when we really aren’t. Or we may believe that we don’t have a certain desire when we really do. Since introspection is not error free, it is not an infallible source of knowledge about our mental states.
Though introspection is fallible, it can still be trusted. Our beliefs about our mental states are about as certain as they.
"Unstoppable Confidence” will enable us to smash through those barriers and limited beliefs that we have about ourselves and move forward in our life. Confidence helps us feel ready for life's experiences.
Of Bandhs, Protests and Railway Blocks in IndiaAnshul Tewari
Chaaka Jaam, Bandhs, Rally, Protests are a common sight in India. The initial excitement of an unexpected holiday turns into a highly disappointing, frustrating and unproductive day. What feels worse is: when protests take over the railway tracks and you are unexpectedly stuck in the middle of nowhere! This is exactly what happened to us on a Saturday afternoon in Chennai.
Mimisan adalah suatu keadaan di mana terjadi pendarahan ringan di hidung yang keluar melalui salah satu atau kedua lubang hidung dalam kurun waktu yang bervariasi. Via : https://goo.gl/QwXKeP
SOURCES OF KNOWLEDGEPerception has traditionally been considered.docxmckellarhastings
SOURCES OF KNOWLEDGE
Perception has traditionally been considered our most reliable guide to the truth. That perception is considered a source of knowledge should not surprise us, for most of our information about the world comes to us through our senses. If our senses weren’t reliable, we could not have survived as long as we have. But even though senses are reliable, they’re not infallible. The existence of illusions and hallu- cinations demonstrates that our senses can’t always be trusted.
Illusions and hallucinations occur only under certain circum- stances, however. Only when we, our tools, or our environment are in a state that impedes the accurate flow of information do our senses lead us astray. For example, if we are injured, anxious, or drugged; if our glasses are cracked, our hearing aid broken, or our measuring devices malfunctioning; or if it is dark, noisy, or foggy, then our obser- vations may be mistaken. But if we have good reason to believe that no such impediments to accurate perception are present, then we have good reason to believe what we perceive.
Just as perception is considered a source of knowledge about the external world, introspection is considered a source of knowledge about the internal world, that is, about our mental states. Some peo- ple have considered this source of knowledge to be infallible. We may be mistaken about many things, they argue, but we cannot be mis- taken about the contents of our own minds. We may be mistaken, for example, about whether we see a tree, but we cannot be mistaken about whether we seem to see a tree. But we must be careful here. While we may infallibly know what our experience is like, we may not infallibly know that it is of a certain sort. In other words, we may mis- categorize or misdescribe what we experience. Infatuation, for example, may be mistaken for love, jealousy for envy, rage for anger. So the beliefs we form through introspection about our current expe- rience are not infallible.
Similarly, the beliefs we form through introspection about our dispositional mental states are not infallible. There are certain mental states (like believing, wanting, hoping, fearing, and so on) that we may be in even though we are not currently feeling or doing anything in particular. Such states are called dispositional because to be in them is to have a tendency to feel or do certain things under certain conditions. For example, if you are afraid of snakes, you will normally have a tendency to feel fear and run away when you see one. Unfor- tunately, we can deceive ourselves about our dispositional mental states. We may believe, for example, that we are in love when we really aren’t. Or we may believe that we don’t have a certain desire when we really do. Since introspection is not error free, it is not an infallible source of knowledge about our mental states.
Though introspection is fallible, it can still be trusted. Our beliefs about our mental states are about as certain as they.
"Unstoppable Confidence” will enable us to smash through those barriers and limited beliefs that we have about ourselves and move forward in our life. Confidence helps us feel ready for life's experiences.
Self confidence is not "they will like me." Self confidence is "I will be fine even if they don't."
Two main things which contribute to self-confidence are:
1. Self-efficiency'
2. Self- esteem.
Building self confidence is the first step towards achieving success in any field.
Confidence is not "they will like me." Confidence is "I will be fine even if they don't."
Two main things which contribute to self-confidence are:
1. Self-efficacy & 2. Self-esteem.
Building self-confidence is the first step to achieve success in any field.
We all have good and bad thoughts from time to time and situation to situation. We are bombarded daily with spiraling thoughts(both negative and positive) creating all-consuming feel , making us difficult to manage with associated suffering. Good thoughts are like our Mob Signal (Positive thought) amidst noise(negative thought) in the atmosphere. Negative thoughts like noise outweigh positive thoughts. These thoughts often create unwanted confusion, trouble, stress and frustration in our mind as well as chaos in our physical world. Negative thoughts are also known as “distorted thinking”.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
Students, digital devices and success - Andreas Schleicher - 27 May 2024..pptxEduSkills OECD
Andreas Schleicher presents at the OECD webinar ‘Digital devices in schools: detrimental distraction or secret to success?’ on 27 May 2024. The presentation was based on findings from PISA 2022 results and the webinar helped launch the PISA in Focus ‘Managing screen time: How to protect and equip students against distraction’ https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/education/managing-screen-time_7c225af4-en and the OECD Education Policy Perspective ‘Students, digital devices and success’ can be found here - https://oe.cd/il/5yV
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
2. A very simple definition of knowledge is, “A
justified, true belief.”
It is therefore made up of three elements:
◦ Truth
◦ Belief
◦ Justification
An equation used to make this more simple is:
◦ K=JTB
(where K: Knowledge, J: Justified, T:True, B: Belief)
3. 4 ways used to justify a belief are:
◦ Language
◦ Perception
◦ Reason
◦ Emotion
For any belief to be considered true, it has to
always have been true and remain true forever
4. Believing in something is required to qualify it
as knowledge
We must be aware that something is true and
justified to be able to claim we know it, if we
are not aware of it, we cannot know it
There are 3 types of Belief:
◦ A vague belief
◦ A well-supported belief
◦ A belief that is beyond reasonable doubt
5. By using the formula K = JTB, when one
knows something, it must be the truth and
one must be aware of it
When one believes something, it is not
necessarily true
Belief is a subjective requirement for
knowledge, if we know something is true,
then we must believe it, but just because we
believe it, it does not make it true
6. One can know that something (and therefore
be sure that it) is the truth or that it is
incorrect
However, one can be uncertain about many
beliefs, and therefore not be sure if it is
closer to being true or false
-10 -5 0 5 10
Impossible Unlikely Possible Probable Certain
I I I I I
Knowledge Well-Supported Vague Well-Supported Knowledge
This spectrum refers to the various kinds of beliefs,
vague, well-supported, and beyond reasonable doubt
7. -10 -5 0 5 10
Impossible Unlikely Possible Probable Certain
I I I I I
Knowledge Well-Supported Vague Well-Supported Knowledge
