Zinc, the 2nd most abundant trace micro nutrient
Almost 40 to 50% vulnerable group are zinc deficient
Strategies like diet diversification, fortification and supplementation are helpful in alleviating deficiency
Our Genes Are Not Our Destiny: How Data Drives Personalized PreventionDrBonnie360
Content and Visual Design by Tiffany Simms
DrBonnie360 brings the Lonely Voices of Autoimmune Disease to #GenomicsFest in SF, highlighting the significance of genetics, epigenetics, nutrigenomics, and big data for autoimmunity.
Kevin Hugins research paper.
Meriam-Webster defines endocrinology as “a branch of medicine concerned with the structure, function, and disorders of the endocrine glands.” When considering the human endocrine system, most people think of endocrine glands such as the hypothalamus, pituitary, gonads, adrenals, and pancreas. No one would deny that hormones released from endocrine glands have a powerful effect on cell function throughout the human body. A relatively new field of study called Microbial Endocrinology suggests that the interactions and effects of the human endocrine system involve more organisms than just the human.
Daphne Miller, MD: Associate Clinical Professor, Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of California San Francisco
MO Health Policy Summit 2013
Our Genes Are Not Our Destiny: How Data Drives Personalized PreventionDrBonnie360
Content and Visual Design by Tiffany Simms
DrBonnie360 brings the Lonely Voices of Autoimmune Disease to #GenomicsFest in SF, highlighting the significance of genetics, epigenetics, nutrigenomics, and big data for autoimmunity.
Kevin Hugins research paper.
Meriam-Webster defines endocrinology as “a branch of medicine concerned with the structure, function, and disorders of the endocrine glands.” When considering the human endocrine system, most people think of endocrine glands such as the hypothalamus, pituitary, gonads, adrenals, and pancreas. No one would deny that hormones released from endocrine glands have a powerful effect on cell function throughout the human body. A relatively new field of study called Microbial Endocrinology suggests that the interactions and effects of the human endocrine system involve more organisms than just the human.
Daphne Miller, MD: Associate Clinical Professor, Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of California San Francisco
MO Health Policy Summit 2013
Friend or Foe: The Microbiome in Autoimmunity DrBonnie360
Content and Visual Design by Tiffany Simms
DrBonnie360 presents The Microbiome: Sorting the Hype from the Hope at Cambridge Healthtech Institute's 23rd International Molecular Med TRI-CON 2016 in San Francisco, March 6, 2016.
Bringing two scientists from the Sonnenburg and Knight Lab, and four microbiome companies, DrBonnie360 moderates a short course on all you need to know about the microbiome and whether it will be your best friend or your worst enemy.
As DrBonnie360's work surrounds autoimmune diseases, the microbiome proves to be one of the lifelines autoimmunity could use to cross the autoimmune abyss. Presented in this slideshare is a carefully curated set of research on autoimmune and the microbiome.
Webinar 5: Designing Your Future: WHAT'S COMING NEXT?Louis Cady, MD
In this capstone webinar presentation, closing out Dr. Cady's series on dealing with COVID 19, he turns his attention to a nunmber of interesting thems:
- what's the REAL case fatality rate of COVID 19
- How is it likely that society will reopen?
- What's going to happen in education and medicine?
- What's going to happen when the robots and AI arrive?
- What's the future going to be out 500 years?
The Doctor and the Good Life - Introduction to Bioethics and Natural LawAmiel Villanueva
Second version of my lecture on medical ethics / bioethics to the Learning Unit II class of the UP College of Medicine as part of IDC 201: History of Medicine. This was presented last May 9, 2018.
Slide design by SlidesCarnival (slidescarnival.com)
Content and Visual Design by Tiffany Simms
Presenting Tinkering, Tweaking, and Tuning: Big Data and Little Data Coming Together in Chronic Disease, DrBonnie360 shows the 4th annual Medical Informatics World Conference 2016 (Boston) the time is now for personalized prevention.
DrBonnie360 discusses the invisible epidemic, advances in omics and tracking, and research in epigenetics, the microbiome, nutrigenomics. Lastly, she presents an image of what personalized prevention could look like in the near future.
The Pregnancy Microbiome: The Link Between Maternal Periodontitis and Adverse...Crimsonpublishers-IGRWH
The Pregnancy Microbiome: The Link Between Maternal Periodontitis and Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes: Opinion by Irosha Rukmali Perera in Gynecology journal
The Microbiome: Sorting the Hype from the Hope DrBonnie360
Content and Visual Design by Tiffany Simms
Cambridge Healthtech Institute's 23rd International Molecular-Med Tri-Con presents a short course on the Microbiome.
DrBonnie360 brings together two rising stars of the Sonnenburg Lab and the Knight Lab, and four microbiome companies, Second Genome, Osel Inc, AOBiome, and WholeBiome, to discuss the importance of the microbiome and how we can harness its power.
The course took place Sunday, March 6, 2016 in San Francisco.
“Cognition is a field of thought processes by which an individual processes information through skills of perception, thinking, memory, learning and attention”
Zinc, the 2nd most abundant trace micronutrient
Almost 40 to 50% vulnerable group are zinc deficient
Zinc deficiency effect cognition development by
Modulating zinc homeostasis
Neurogenesis
Strategies like diet diversification, fortification and supplementation are helpful in alleviating deficiency
This article is an introduction to Biofortification its future challenges and its advantages .. Biofortification, the process of breeding nutrients
into food crops, provides a comparatively costeffective,
sustainable, and long-term means of delivering more micronutrients.
This approach
not only will lower the number of severely malnourished
people who require treatment by complementary interventions but also will help them maintain improved nutritional status.The biofortification strategy seeks to put the
micronutrient-dense trait in those varieties that
already have preferred agronomic and consumption
traits, such as high yield.
Marketed surpluses
of these crops may make their way into retail
outlets, reaching consumers in first rural and
then urban areas, in contrast to complementary
interventions, such as fortification and supplementation,
that begin in urban centers.
Biofortified staple foods cannot deliver as high
a level of minerals and vitamins per day as
supplements or industrially fortified foods, but
they can help by increasing the daily adequacy
of micronutrient intakes among individuals
throughout the life cycle
The term “hidden hunger” has been used to
describe the micronutrient malnutrition inherent
in human diets that are adequate in calories but
lack vitamins and/or mineral elements.
The diets
of a large proportion of the world’s population
are deficient in Fe, Zn, Ca, Mg, Cu, Se, or I,
which affects human health and longevity and
therefore national economies. Mineral malnutrition
can be addressed by increasing the amount
of fish and animal products in diets, Food fortification and supplementation are currently
the most cost-effective strategies to address
global mineral malnutrition. The most successful
strategy has been salt iodization (fortification with
iodine) which has reduced the incidence of goiter
and other IDD symptoms markedly where the
scheme has been introduced Most strategies to improve mineral nutrition have
been less successful because of political, socioeconomic,
infrastructure-related, and technical
constraints that are apparent in most developing
countries.
Fortification of dairy
products such as bread and milk with different
minerals (and vitamins) has been successful in
industrialized countries However, this strategy is
difficult to implement in developing countries
because it relies on a strong food processing
and distribution infrastructure. Fortification
takes place during food processing and increases
the product price. These factors make fortified
products unaffordable to the most impoverished
people living in remote rural areas.
Genetic engineering is the latest weapon in the
armory against mineral deficiency and uses
advanced biotechnology techniques to introduce
genes directly into breeding varieties.
The choice of which technology to
use when biofortifying crops comes down to a
calculation by breeders of how to get the best
results most quickly, given their budget constraint.
Friend or Foe: The Microbiome in Autoimmunity DrBonnie360
Content and Visual Design by Tiffany Simms
DrBonnie360 presents The Microbiome: Sorting the Hype from the Hope at Cambridge Healthtech Institute's 23rd International Molecular Med TRI-CON 2016 in San Francisco, March 6, 2016.
Bringing two scientists from the Sonnenburg and Knight Lab, and four microbiome companies, DrBonnie360 moderates a short course on all you need to know about the microbiome and whether it will be your best friend or your worst enemy.
As DrBonnie360's work surrounds autoimmune diseases, the microbiome proves to be one of the lifelines autoimmunity could use to cross the autoimmune abyss. Presented in this slideshare is a carefully curated set of research on autoimmune and the microbiome.
Webinar 5: Designing Your Future: WHAT'S COMING NEXT?Louis Cady, MD
In this capstone webinar presentation, closing out Dr. Cady's series on dealing with COVID 19, he turns his attention to a nunmber of interesting thems:
- what's the REAL case fatality rate of COVID 19
- How is it likely that society will reopen?
- What's going to happen in education and medicine?
- What's going to happen when the robots and AI arrive?
- What's the future going to be out 500 years?
The Doctor and the Good Life - Introduction to Bioethics and Natural LawAmiel Villanueva
Second version of my lecture on medical ethics / bioethics to the Learning Unit II class of the UP College of Medicine as part of IDC 201: History of Medicine. This was presented last May 9, 2018.
Slide design by SlidesCarnival (slidescarnival.com)
Content and Visual Design by Tiffany Simms
Presenting Tinkering, Tweaking, and Tuning: Big Data and Little Data Coming Together in Chronic Disease, DrBonnie360 shows the 4th annual Medical Informatics World Conference 2016 (Boston) the time is now for personalized prevention.
DrBonnie360 discusses the invisible epidemic, advances in omics and tracking, and research in epigenetics, the microbiome, nutrigenomics. Lastly, she presents an image of what personalized prevention could look like in the near future.
The Pregnancy Microbiome: The Link Between Maternal Periodontitis and Adverse...Crimsonpublishers-IGRWH
The Pregnancy Microbiome: The Link Between Maternal Periodontitis and Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes: Opinion by Irosha Rukmali Perera in Gynecology journal
The Microbiome: Sorting the Hype from the Hope DrBonnie360
Content and Visual Design by Tiffany Simms
Cambridge Healthtech Institute's 23rd International Molecular-Med Tri-Con presents a short course on the Microbiome.
DrBonnie360 brings together two rising stars of the Sonnenburg Lab and the Knight Lab, and four microbiome companies, Second Genome, Osel Inc, AOBiome, and WholeBiome, to discuss the importance of the microbiome and how we can harness its power.
The course took place Sunday, March 6, 2016 in San Francisco.
“Cognition is a field of thought processes by which an individual processes information through skills of perception, thinking, memory, learning and attention”
Zinc, the 2nd most abundant trace micronutrient
Almost 40 to 50% vulnerable group are zinc deficient
Zinc deficiency effect cognition development by
Modulating zinc homeostasis
Neurogenesis
Strategies like diet diversification, fortification and supplementation are helpful in alleviating deficiency
This article is an introduction to Biofortification its future challenges and its advantages .. Biofortification, the process of breeding nutrients
into food crops, provides a comparatively costeffective,
sustainable, and long-term means of delivering more micronutrients.
This approach
not only will lower the number of severely malnourished
people who require treatment by complementary interventions but also will help them maintain improved nutritional status.The biofortification strategy seeks to put the
micronutrient-dense trait in those varieties that
already have preferred agronomic and consumption
traits, such as high yield.
Marketed surpluses
of these crops may make their way into retail
outlets, reaching consumers in first rural and
then urban areas, in contrast to complementary
interventions, such as fortification and supplementation,
that begin in urban centers.
Biofortified staple foods cannot deliver as high
a level of minerals and vitamins per day as
supplements or industrially fortified foods, but
they can help by increasing the daily adequacy
of micronutrient intakes among individuals
throughout the life cycle
The term “hidden hunger” has been used to
describe the micronutrient malnutrition inherent
in human diets that are adequate in calories but
lack vitamins and/or mineral elements.
The diets
of a large proportion of the world’s population
are deficient in Fe, Zn, Ca, Mg, Cu, Se, or I,
which affects human health and longevity and
therefore national economies. Mineral malnutrition
can be addressed by increasing the amount
of fish and animal products in diets, Food fortification and supplementation are currently
the most cost-effective strategies to address
global mineral malnutrition. The most successful
strategy has been salt iodization (fortification with
iodine) which has reduced the incidence of goiter
and other IDD symptoms markedly where the
scheme has been introduced Most strategies to improve mineral nutrition have
been less successful because of political, socioeconomic,
infrastructure-related, and technical
constraints that are apparent in most developing
countries.
Fortification of dairy
products such as bread and milk with different
minerals (and vitamins) has been successful in
industrialized countries However, this strategy is
difficult to implement in developing countries
because it relies on a strong food processing
and distribution infrastructure. Fortification
takes place during food processing and increases
the product price. These factors make fortified
products unaffordable to the most impoverished
people living in remote rural areas.
Genetic engineering is the latest weapon in the
armory against mineral deficiency and uses
advanced biotechnology techniques to introduce
genes directly into breeding varieties.
The choice of which technology to
use when biofortifying crops comes down to a
calculation by breeders of how to get the best
results most quickly, given their budget constraint.
Magnesium in disease prevention and overall healthDuwan Arismendy
Magnesium is the fourth most abundant mineral and the second most abundant intracellular divalent cation and has been recognized as a cofactor for >300 metabolic reactions in the body. Some of the processes in which magnesium is a cofactor include, but are not limited to, protein synthesis, cellular energy production and storage, reproduction, DNA and RNA synthesis, and stabilizing mitochondrial membranes. Magnesium also plays a critical role in nerve transmission, cardiac excitability, neuromuscular conduction, muscular contraction, vasomotor tone, blood pressure, and glucose and insulin metabolism. Because of magnesium's many functions within the body, it plays a major role in disease prevention and overall health. Low levels of magnesium have been associated with a number of chronic diseases including migraine headaches, Alzheimer's disease, cerebrovascular accident (stroke), hypertension, cardiovascular disease, and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Good food sources of magnesium include unrefined (whole) grains, spinach, nuts, legumes, and white potatoes (tubers). This review presents recent research in the areas of magnesium and chronic disease, with the goal of emphasizing magnesium's role in disease prevention and overall health.
The Importance of Women and Children`s NutritionA-VPD
Pregnant women and children in Asia are vulnerable to multiple micronutrient deficiencies. This presentation is to educate all women the importance of Iron+Folate and other micronutrients supplementation.
Human nutrition and it’s public health importanceDrSindhuAlmas
Understanding of Nutrition and Malnutrition
Types of Malnutrition
Causes of Malnutrition
Global Burden of Malnutrition
Challenges faced to cope malnutrition
Policies and Strategies to Improve Nutrition
Interventions for Improving Nutrition Status
Vitamin D status is categorized based on serum 25 (OH) D levels, and the half-life of the vitamin is approximately 2 - 4 weeks. However, this half-life may be decreased even less than a week in the event of hemodilution, infection, or other catabolic diseases.D Rise is indicated for the treatment of Vitamin D3 (Cholecalciferol) deficiency. Read more about D rise.
Vitamin D status is categorized based on serum 25 (OH) D levels, and the half-life of the vitamin is approximately 2 - 4 weeks. However, this half-life may be decreased even less than a week in the event of hemodilution, infection, or other catabolic diseases.D Rise is indicated for the treatment of Vitamin D3 (Cholecalciferol) deficiency. Read more about D rise.
Mineral and vitamin deficiencies affect over one-half of the world’s population and contribute to a number of human chronic disease conditions. Economic, social and food technological processing factors can contribute to lower nutrient intake. Progress has been made to overcome those nutritional deficiencies in human body mainly through supplementation and food fortification.
Another option to commercially marketed products is biofortification: a strategy aimed at developing nutrient- and vitamin-dense crops through conventional breeding or biotechnological engineering.
Determining how plants regulate mineral nutrient uptake from the rhizophere, as well as transport and allocate nutrients to organs can have significant implications for human health. With the knowledge of genes governing mineral homeostasis and pathways of nutritional importance, it is possible to develop biofortification strategies. This requires a multidisciplinary research approach with funding strategies to support such research and to ultimately disseminate crop varieties with improved nutritional characteristics. One of Christian Hermans’ research theme is on magnesium, which is a disregarded element both in human and crop nutrition (a paradox in view of the essential roles it plays in every cell of every organism). He is aiming at identifying key genetic controls, which could ameliorate magnesium content of plant tissues.
Which are the approaches in basic research? When will biofortified crops be available? Will be a change in consumer habits?
Modern agriculture has been largely successful in meeting the food needs for ever increasing population in developing countries. On the contrary, malnutrition, especially Fe and Zn continue to pose a very serious constraint not only to human health as well economic development of nation that might formerly have got unnoticed. Besides, the micronutrient deficiencies are becoming increasingly common in agriculture as a result of higher levels of removal by ever-more-productive crops combined with breeding for higher yields, at the expense of micronutrient acquisition efficiency (Havlinet al., 2014).Therefore, agriculture must now focus on a new paradigm that will not only produce more food, but deliver better quality food as well.
Slides for Isaac Holeman's presentation in the health and illness module in the master of philosophy of sociology at Cambridge University. The broader theme is public health and welfare states, focusing on the sub-theme of failures of clinical biomedicine.
Power Point for research paper presentation by Kevin Hugins.
Through microbial endocrinology other treatments may be developed. As this paper has discussed, application of these techniques may one day provide a treatment for pathogens other than the traditional antibiotics. It may lead to techniques for dealing with auto-immune diseases. Considering the sheer numbers of microorganisms in our microbiota and all we have yet to learn on the molecular level, this field of research may answer questions we do not even know we have yet.
Stem Cell Solutions: Dr. David Greene's Path to Non-Surgical Cardiac CareDr. David Greene Arizona
Explore the groundbreaking work of Dr. David Greene, a pioneer in regenerative medicine, who is revolutionizing the field of cardiology through stem cell therapy in Arizona. This ppt delves into how Dr. Greene's innovative approach is providing non-surgical, effective treatments for heart disease, using the body's own cells to repair heart damage and improve patient outcomes. Learn about the science behind stem cell therapy, its benefits over traditional cardiac surgeries, and the promising future it holds for modern medicine. Join us as we uncover how Dr. Greene's commitment to stem cell research and therapy is setting new standards in healthcare and offering new hope to cardiac patients.
Empowering ACOs: Leveraging Quality Management Tools for MIPS and BeyondHealth Catalyst
Join us as we delve into the crucial realm of quality reporting for MSSP (Medicare Shared Savings Program) Accountable Care Organizations (ACOs).
In this session, we will explore how a robust quality management solution can empower your organization to meet regulatory requirements and improve processes for MIPS reporting and internal quality programs. Learn how our MeasureAble application enables compliance and fosters continuous improvement.
TEST BANK For Accounting Information Systems, 3rd Edition by Vernon Richardso...rightmanforbloodline
TEST BANK For Accounting Information Systems, 3rd Edition by Vernon Richardson, Verified Chapters 1 - 18, Complete Newest Version
TEST BANK For Accounting Information Systems, 3rd Edition by Vernon Richardson, Verified Chapters 1 - 18, Complete Newest Version
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Letter to MREC - application to conduct studyAzreen Aj
Application to conduct study on research title 'Awareness and knowledge of oral cancer and precancer among dental outpatient in Klinik Pergigian Merlimau, Melaka'
Health Education on prevention of hypertensionRadhika kulvi
Hypertension is a chronic condition of concern due to its role in the causation of coronary heart diseases. Hypertension is a worldwide epidemic and important risk factor for coronary artery disease, stroke and renal diseases. Blood pressure is the force exerted by the blood against the walls of the blood vessels and is sufficient to maintain tissue perfusion during activity and rest. Hypertension is sustained elevation of BP. In adults, HTN exists when systolic blood pressure is equal to or greater than 140mmHg or diastolic BP is equal to or greater than 90mmHg. The
Veterinary Diagnostics Market PPT 2024: Size, Growth, Demand and Forecast til...IMARC Group
The global veterinary diagnostics market size reached US$ 6.6 Billion in 2023. Looking forward, IMARC Group expects the market to reach US$ 12.6 Billion by 2032, exhibiting a growth rate (CAGR) of 7.3% during 2024-2032.
More Info:- https://www.imarcgroup.com/veterinary-diagnostics-market
Chandrima Spa Ajman is one of the leading Massage Center in Ajman, which is open 24 hours exclusively for men. Being one of the most affordable Spa in Ajman, we offer Body to Body massage, Kerala Massage, Malayali Massage, Indian Massage, Pakistani Massage Russian massage, Thai massage, Swedish massage, Hot Stone Massage, Deep Tissue Massage, and many more. Indulge in the ultimate massage experience and book your appointment today. We are confident that you will leave our Massage spa feeling refreshed, rejuvenated, and ready to take on the world.
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KEY Points of Leicester travel clinic In London doc.docxNX Healthcare
In order to protect visitors' safety and wellbeing, Travel Clinic Leicester offers a wide range of travel-related health treatments, including individualized counseling and vaccines. Our team of medical experts specializes in getting people ready for international travel, with a particular emphasis on vaccines and health consultations to prevent travel-related illnesses. We provide a range of travel-related services, such as health concerns unique to a trip, prevention of malaria, and travel-related medical supplies. Our clinic is dedicated to providing top-notch care, keeping abreast of the most recent recommendations for vaccinations and travel health precautions. The goal of Travel Clinic Leicester is to keep you safe and well-rested no matter what kind of travel you choose—business, pleasure, or adventure.
COVID-19 PCR tests remain a critical component of safe and responsible travel in 2024. They ensure compliance with international travel regulations, help detect and control the spread of new variants, protect vulnerable populations, and provide peace of mind. As we continue to navigate the complexities of global travel during the pandemic, PCR testing stands as a key measure to keep everyone safe and healthy. Whether you are planning a business trip, a family vacation, or an international adventure, incorporating PCR testing into your travel plans is a prudent and necessary step. Visit us at https://www.globaltravelclinics.com/
Trauma Outpatient Center is a comprehensive facility dedicated to addressing mental health challenges and providing medication-assisted treatment. We offer a diverse range of services aimed at assisting individuals in overcoming addiction, mental health disorders, and related obstacles. Our team consists of seasoned professionals who are both experienced and compassionate, committed to delivering the highest standard of care to our clients. By utilizing evidence-based treatment methods, we strive to help our clients achieve their goals and lead healthier, more fulfilling lives.
Our mission is to provide a safe and supportive environment where our clients can receive the highest quality of care. We are dedicated to assisting our clients in reaching their objectives and improving their overall well-being. We prioritize our clients' needs and individualize treatment plans to ensure they receive tailored care. Our approach is rooted in evidence-based practices proven effective in treating addiction and mental health disorders.
Rate Controlled Drug Delivery Systems, Activation Modulated Drug Delivery Systems, Mechanically activated, pH activated, Enzyme activated, Osmotic activated Drug Delivery Systems, Feedback regulated Drug Delivery Systems systems are discussed here.
9. Global
17.3% is at risk of inadequate zinc intake
Pakistan
41.3% of non-pregnant women
47.6% of pregnant women
39.2% of children
(GOP, 2011; Wessells et al., 2012) 9
10. Non-pregnant women Children under 5 years of age
Deficient
Deficient
Deficient
Deficient
Non-Deficient
Non-Deficient
NNS 2001
NNS 2011
(GOP, 2011) 10
16. Agricultural interventions
Production and promotion of animal source foods
Processing strategies
16(Rosalind et al., 2009)
17. Refers to the fraction of intake, that absorbed into blood
and used for physiologic functions of body
Factors
Individual's zinc status
Total zinc content of the diet
Availability of soluble zinc
17(Shrimpton et al., 2013)
18. Inhibitors
Phytic acid
Calcium
Inorganic iron
Enhancers
Proteins
Vitamin A
18(Shrimpton et al., 2013)
22. Zinc, the 2nd most abundant trace micronutrient
Almost 40 to 50% vulnerable group are zinc
deficient
Strategies like diet diversification, fortification and
supplementation are helpful in alleviating
deficiency
22
24. GOP (Government of Pakistan). 2011. National Nutrition Survey
Pakistan. Nutrition Wing, Cabinet Division, Government of
Pakistan.
Motta, D.D. and R. Dingledine. 2011. Unraveling the role of zinc
in memory. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 108:3103-3104.
NIH (National Institute of Health). 2016. Zinc. Available at:
https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Zinc-HealthProfessional/.
Accessed on: March 15th, 2016.
Prasad, A.S. 2013. Discovery of human zinc deficiency: its impact
on human health and disease. Adv. Nutri. 4:176-190.
24
25. Roohani, N., R. Hurrell, R. Kelishadi and R. Schulin. 2013. Zinc
and its importance for human health: An integrative review. J.
Res. Med. Sci. 18:144-157.
Rosalind S., Gibson and V.P. Anderson. 2009. A review of
interventions based on dietary diversification or modification
strategies with the potential to enhance intakes of total and
absorbable zinc. Food Nutri. Bul. 30:108-143.
Shrimpton, R., R. Gross, I.D. Hill and M. Young. 2005. Zinc
deficiency: What are the most appropriate interventions?. BMJ.
330:347-349.
25
26. USDA-NAL (United State Department of Agriculture-National
Agriculture Library). 2016. Dietary reference intakes for vitamin
A, vitamin K, arsenic, boron, chromium, copper, iodine, iron,
manganese, molybdenum, nickel, silicon, vanadium, and zinc.
Available at: https://fnic.nal.usda.gov/dietary-guidance/dri-
nutrient-reports/vitamin-vitamin-k-arsenic-boron-chromium-
copper-iodine-iron. Accessed on: March 15th, 2016.
Wessells, K.R., G.M. Singh and K.H. Brown. 2012. Estimating
the global prevalence of inadequate zinc intake from national
food balance sheets: effects of methodological assumptions. PLoS
ONE. 7:1-13.
26
Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA): average daily level of intake sufficient to meet the nutrient requirements of nearly all (97%–98%) healthy individuals.
Adequate Intake (AI): established when evidence is insufficient to develop an RDA and is set at a level assumed to ensure nutritional adequacy.
Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL): maximum daily intake unlikely to cause adverse health effects
Biol Trace Elem Res : Biological Trace Element Research
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
Adv. Nutr. Advances in Nutrition:
Front. Behav. Neurosci Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience
Front. Aging Neurosci Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience
J. Res. Med. Sci. International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences
Br. Med. Bull. British Medical Bulletin: