Diepart so l-stakeholderpanel_mrlg
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The document summarizes land concessions and their impacts in Mekong countries. It finds that Cambodia has the highest percentage of smallholder land area under concessions at 66%, while Vietnam has the lowest at 4%. Concessions have increased inequality in land distribution and negatively impacted communities through deforestation, lack of social protections, and dispossession. However, some governments have implemented reforms like moratoriums on new concessions, land titling programs, and evaluations of existing concessions.
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Multitudes of experiences documenting customary tenure were shared, but key barriers still inhibit full realization of rights. While some legal instruments have passed, many remain partially implemented due to slow and onerous procedures that burden local people. Recognition tools and processes must be accessible and implementable by rightsholders, and recognition of rights must remain central in post-pandemic development agendas.
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The utilization of land is impacted by human needs and environmental factors. In countries
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Diepart so l-stakeholderpanel_mrlg
- 1. Mekong State of Land © Justin Mott Micah Ingalls and Jean- Christophe Diepart Regional Land Forum Bangkok, 28 May
- 2. Agricultural modernization through large-scale Land concessions
- 3. Evolution in the granting of land concessions Sources: multiple, see report
- 4. Changes in the Agrarian Structures of the Mekong countries Sources: multiple, see report Smallholders land (ha) Concessions for agricultural and tree production Mining concessions Area (ha) As % of smallholder land Area (ha) exploration + in operation Cambodia 3,304,738 2,180,683 66% 3,398,649 Laos 1,666,822 500,0091 30% 8,346,565 Myanmar 12,794,187 2,086,892 16% N-A Vie Nam 7,772,045 344,289 4% N-A
- 5. Increased inequality in land distribution Gini index (smallholder farmers only) Gini index (smallholder farmers + concessions) Sources: multiple, see report
- 6. Agricultural concessions Geography of land concessions Sources: multiple, see report Domestic China – Viet Nam – Thailand – South Korea Other Cambodia 43% 36% 21% Laos 31% 60% 9% Myanmar NA NA NA Vie Nam 23% 0 77%
- 7. Negative impacts outweigh positive ones • Deforestation • Non-compliance with social impact requirements • Lack of coordination with migration dynamics → Dispossession, conflicts and involuntary resettlement • Ineffectiveness • Very limited employment effect One Map S. Fogarizzu S. Fogarizzu
- 8. Responses by governments and business actors • 2012 Moratoria on new concessions • Land titling and land redistribution • Evaluation of concessions including cancellations • New forms of investments gain traction (contract farming, etc.) J.-C. Diepart
- 9. Produced by: With funding from: