discussion about their history , definition of mental disorder , four criticism , how many categories in the DIAGNOSTIC AND STATISTICAL MANUAL -IV-TR and also discuss about their axes, psychological disorders , describe why it is use as diagnostic and statistical manual.The purpose of this presentation was my assignment ACADEMIC WRITING.

1. DSM-IV-TR
diagnostic and statistical
manual-IV-text revision
BY:
RITIKA JAISWAL
M.A-II YEAR
PSYCHOLOGY
BANARAS HINDU UNIVERSITY

4.  In 1952, the first of the diagnostic and
statistical manual of mental disorders
(DSM) was published to help
psychological professionals diagnose
psychological disorders.
 The current version of the DSM is called
the diagnostic statistical manual of
mental disorders, version IV , text
revision or DSM-IV-TR (American
Psychiatric Association ).

5.  DSM-IV-TR a cynically significant behavioural
or psychological syndrome or pattern that
occurs in an individual and that is associated
with present distress or disability or with a
significantly increased risk of suffering death ,
pain, disability or an important loss of
freedom.

6.  The classification of abnormal
behaviour ….
 Four criticism of the diagnosis
merit consideration…

7. 1. The first is that diagnosis falsifies reality by
implying that most abnormal behaviour is
qualitatively different from normal behaviour.
2. if diagnosis discount that gradations between
normal and abnormal , it is even more likely to
discount the gradation between different form
of abnormality .
3. a third criticism is that diagnosis given the
illusion of explanation (Carson 1996).
4. a fourth criticism is that diagnostic labelling
can be harmful to people.

8.  The DSM-IV-TR describe in 250 different
psychological disorders . Each disorders is
described in term of its symptoms , the typical
path the disorders takes as it progresses , and a
checklist of specific criteria that must be met in
order for the diagnosis of that disorders to be
made .
 The manual also divides these disorders and
relevant facts about the person being , diagnosed
along five different categories or axes . A
psychologist or psychiatrist assesses the person
on each of these five axes.

9. AXIS TYPE OF
INFORMATIO
M
DESCRIBTION IN BRIEF
 AXIS I clinical disorders and
other conditions that
may be a focus of
clinical attention.
Psychological disorders that impair
functioning and are stressful and
factors that are not disorders but that
may affect functioning , such as
academic or social problems.
 AXIS II Personality disorders
Mental retardation
Rigid , enduring , maladaptive
personality patterns
 AXIS III General medical
conditions
Chronic and acute illnesses and
medical conditions that may have an
impact on mental health.
 AXIS IV Psychosocial and
environmental
problems
Problems in the physical
surroundings of the person that that
may have an impact on diagnostic ,
treatment , and outcome.
 AXIS V Global assessment of
functioning
Overall judgment of current
functioning , including mental , social
, and occupational.

10.  Psychological disorders are more common
than most people might think. In any
given year, about 22  of adults in the
united states over age 18 suffer from a
mental disorder .

11. DISORDER EXAMPLES
 Disorders usually first diagnosed in infancy
childhood , or adolescence
Learning disabilities ,ADHD ,
bedwetting , speech disorder
 Delirium , dementia ,amnesia , and other
cognitive disorders
Alzheimer's , parkinsonism ,
amnesia due to physical cause
 Psychological disorder due to a general medical
condition
Personality change because of a
brain tumour
 Substance –related disorders Alcoholism , drug addiction
 Schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders Schizophrenia , delusional
disorders , hallucinations ,
paranoid psychosis
 Mood disorders Depression , mania , bipolar
disorders
 Anxiety disorders Panic disorder , phobias , stress
disorders

12. DISORDDER EXAMPLES
 Somatoform disorders Hypochondria , conversion
disorders
 Factitious disorders Pathological lying , Munchausen
syndrome
 Dissociative disorders Multiple personality , amnesia not
due to physical causes
 Sexual and gender identity
disorders
Sexual desire disorders ,
paraphilia's
 Eating disorders Anorexia , bulimia
 Sleep disorders Insomnia , sleep terror disorder ,
sleepwalking , narcolepsy
 Impulse-control disorders not
elsewhere classified
 Adjustment disorders
Kleptomania , pathological
gambling , pyromania
Mixed anxiety , conduct
distribution

13. Paranoid ,schizoid , schizotypal
Cluster B; dramatic ,emotional , erratic disorders
Cluster C; anxious and fearful disorders
Avoidant , dependent , obsessive-compulsive
Axis-III General medical
conditions relevant to abnormal
behaviour
Infections ; parasites ;neoplasm ;endocrine ;
notional and metabolic diseases ; diseases of; the
blood and blood forming organs; the nervous
system and sense organs; the circulatory ;
respiratory ;digestive or genitourinary systems
Axis-IV Information on patients
life circumstances
Specific psychological and
environmental problems
• Problems with primary support group
• Problems related to the social environment
• Educational problem
• Occupational problem
• Housing problem
• Economic problem
• Problems with access to health care services
• Problems related to interaction with the legal
system
• Other psychological problems
Axis –v rating of patients
psychological; social and
occupational function Global
assessment of functioning scale
11 code categories
0= inadequate information