Diabetes mellitus-overview

1. NAME :ANDREA TITUS

2. What is Diabetes Mellitus?
• A group of metabolic diseases
characterized by high blood
glucose levels (hyperglycemia)
over a prolonged period of
time.

3. What Causes Diabetes Mellitus?
• There are two causes and they are directly
related to the function of the pancreas:
1. the pancreas is not producing enough
insulin.
2. the pancreas is producing insulin but the
cells of the body are not responding
properly.
Nb. There can be a combination of both factors that can cause DB.

4. Types of Diabetes Mellitus
Type 1 (IDDM or JD)
• Autoimmune condition: body attacks pancreas with antibodies.
• May be caused by a genetic predisposition and/or the result of faulty
beta cells in the pancreas. May also be idiopathic.
• Pancreas DOES NOT make insulin.
• Insulin needs to be injected into skin, under fatty tissue below.
Type 2 (NIDDM or AOD) – Most common type
• Pancreas usually produces some insulin but either the amount
produced is not enough for the body's needs, or the body's cells are
resistant to it (fat, liver, and muscle cells).
• The primary cause is excessive body weight and not enough exercise.
Gestational
• Occurs when pregnant women without a previous history of diabetes
develop a high blood glucose level.
• Abnormal weight gain in baby (cesarean section usually needed).

7. Symptoms of Diabetes Mellitus
Classic Symptoms include:
• Polyuria (frequent urination)
• Polydipsia (increased thirst)
• Polyphagia (increased hunger)
Other Symptoms include:
• Weight loss
• Nerve damage
• Blurred vision
• Itchiness
• Acetone breath
• Recurrent vaginal infections
• Fatigue

12. Gestational Diabetes
• Women with a family history of diabetes.
• Women with a history of stillbirth or spontaneous
abortion.
• Women who had a newborn with fetal anomaly in a
previous pregnancy.
• Women who had a previous large- or heavy-for-date
infant.
• Women who are obese.
• Women who are of advanced maternal age.
• Women who have had five or more pregnancies.