This a short note on Diabetes insipidus only.

2. Diabetes
insipidus

3. Etymology :
Insipidus : (Not tasty)
in – not
sapidus – sweet / taste
Literally ‘ bland diabetes ‘
Indicates : Lack of sweetness in
urine

4. What is Diabetes insipidus?
Rare disorder ( affect 1 person in
25,000 people)
Causes body to make too much
urine .
Polyuria ( frequent urination)
Polydipsia ( always feel thirsty
and drink lots of liquids)

5. Are diabetes insipidus and diabetes mellitus the same?
Not the same
But symptoms are same .
Thirst
Frequent urination
Diabetes mellitus – High glucose level – kidney helps by frequent
urination.
Diabetes insipidus – Normal glucose level – kidney can’t
concentrate urine.

6. CAUSES :
Family history.
Brain surgery or major head surgery.
Medications that cause kidney problems ( medicines for
bipolar disorder and diuretics) .
Having metabolic disorders ( high Ca Or low K).
Diuretics:
An oral medicine that lowers blood pressure by
helping your kidneys remove extra fluid from the
blood.

7. What are the symptoms of diabetes insipidus?
•needing to urinate often, both day and night.
•passing large amounts of light-colored urine
each time you urinate.
•feeling very thirsty and drinking liquids very
often

8. • Four types of diabetes insipidus: central, nephrogenic,
dipsogenic and gestational.d gestational.2
Central diabetes insipidus :
Body doesn’t make hormone called vasopressin Or Anti
diuretic hormone.
Reason :
• Damage in pituitary or hypothalamus due to
infection,inflammation or surgery.
• Inherited gene mutation.
• Autoimmune attack.

9. Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus :
Body makes enough vasopressin but kidneys doesn’t respond
to the hormone.
• Reason :
• Some medicines, especially those used to treat bipolar disorder.
• Low levels of potassium in your blood
• High levels of calcium in your blood
1. A blocked urinary tract
2. an inherited gene mutatio
3. chronic kidney disease.

10. Dipsogenic diabetes insipidus
In this type of diabetes insipidus, a problem with your
hypothalamus causes you to feel thirsty and drink more
liquids. As a result, you may need to urinate often.
Reason:
damage to your hypothalamus from surgery, infection,
inflammation, a tumor, or a head injury
some medicines or mental health problems

11. Gestational diabetes insipidus :
Rare.
This type of diabetes insipidus occurs when the mother’s
placenta NIH external link makes too much of an enzyme
that breaks down her vasopressin.

12. TREATMENT
Central
Treating it’s
cause,Thiazides,
Non steroidal antii
inflammatory drugs.
Nephrogenic
Desmopressin
Dipsogenic
Treatment not found
Suggestions
only :
Small amount
of Desmopressin at
bedtime.

13. PREVENTION :
• Researchers have not found that eating, diet, and
nutrition play a role in causing or preventing diabetes
insipidus. To reduce symptoms, your health care
professional may suggest you eat a diet that is low in
salt and protein to help your kidneys make less urine.