This document summarizes the key findings of a survey conducted by Forrester Consulting on development testing. The survey found:
1) Development testing has increased in importance as speed and innovation pressures grow, with 97% of respondents planning to increase investment in development testing to improve quality, security, and reduce costs.
2) Finding defects later is more expensive, with 73% of respondents believing increased costs are the most serious consequence of late defect discovery.
3) Developers face pressures to deliver innovations quickly while maintaining quality, but lack collaboration between development and QA teams.
Who tested my software Testing as an organizationally cross-cutting activity Nora Alriyes
This presentation based on a study :Who tested my software Testing as an organizationally cross-cutting activity :link :http://lib.tkk.fi/Diss/2011/isbn9789526043395/article6.pdf
representation & notes from quality engineer's view point
Flexibility a key factor to testability ijseajournal
Testability is an important software quality factor that is ineffective if it is not available at an early stage in
the development life-cycle. It becomes more essential in the case of object oriented design. Flexibility is an
important key factor to testability analysis and measurement for delivering high class testable and
maintainable software. Flexibility is a criterion of crucial significance to software developers, designers
and the quality controllers. It constantly guides and supports to avoid wastage of resources as well as
enable the designers for continuous improvement in the development process. Flexibility is concerned with
building high quality and reliable software within the constraints of cost and time. It greatly influences
cost, quality and reliability at software evolution process. Despite the fact flexibility is vital and highly
significant aspect for software development processes, it is poorly managed. This paper focuses the need
and importance of flexibility early at design phase. A model has been proposed for flexibility measurement
of object oriented design by establishing multiple linear regression. Finally the proposed model has been
validated using experimental tryout.
An Empirical Study of SQA Function Effectiveness in CMMI Certified Companies ...zillesubhan
The most vital component for any software development process is, “quality”, as it ensures the reliability and effectiveness of new software. Software Quality Assurance (SQA) techniques as well as a standardized qualitative metric known as Capability Maturity Model Integration (CMMI) are used to ensure this quality. The purposes of both the practices are same as both make efforts for end product’s quality. In spite of this, CMMI certified organizations have SQA function, but face a lot of issues, which resulted in lowering the quality of the products. Standards usually provide documentation, but SQA consider testing as a chief element and also documentation only for authentication and appraisals. The relationship of the SQA function with CMMI has not attended much in common literatures. This paper is centered on investigation conducted through data collection from diverse CMMI certified software development firm to check the practice of SQA function.
STRATEGIES TO REDUCE REWORK IN SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT ON AN ORGANISATION IN MAU...ijseajournal
Rework is a known vicious circle in software development since it plays a central role in the generation of
delays, extra costs and diverse risks introduced after software delivery. It eventually triggers a negative
impact on the quality of the software developed. In order to cater the rework issue, this paper goes in depth
with the notion of rework in software development as it occurs in practice by analysing a development
process on an organisation in Mauritius where rework is a major issue. Meticulous strategies to reduce
rework are then analysed and discussed. The paper ultimately leads to the recommendation of the best
strategy that is software configuration management to reduce the rework problem in software development
Testability measurement model for object oriented design (tmmood)ijcsit
Measuring testability early in the development life cycle especially at design phase is a criterion of crucial importance to software designers, developers, quality controllers and practitioners. However, most of the
mechanism available for testability measurement may be used in the later phases of development life cycle.
Early estimation of testability, absolutely at design phase helps designers to improve their designs before
the coding starts. Practitioners regularly advocate that testability should be planned early in design phase.
Testability measurement early in design phase is greatly emphasized in this study; hence, considered significant for the delivery of quality software. As a result, it extensively reduces rework during and after implementation, as well as facilitate for design effective test plans, better project and resource planning in a practical manner, with a focus on the design phase. An effort has been put forth in this paper to recognize the key factors contributing in testability measurement at design phase. Additionally, testability
measurement model is developed to quantify software testability at design phase. Furthermore, the relationship of Testability with these factors has been tested and justified with the help of statistical measures. The developed model has been validated using experimental tryout. Finally, it incorporates the empirical validation of the testability measurement model as the author’s most important contribution.
Comparison between Test-Driven Development and Conventional Development: A Ca...IJERA Editor
In Software Engineering, different techniques and approaches are being used nowadays to produce reliable
software. The software quality relies heavily on the software testing. However, not all developers are concerned
with the testing stage of a software. This has affected the software quality and has increased the cost as well. To
avoid these issues, researchers paid a lot of effort on finding the best technique that guarantee the software
quality. In this paper we aim to explore the effectiveness of building test cases using Test-Driven Development
(TDD) technique compared with the conventional technique (Test-last). The comparison measures the
effectiveness of test cases with regard to number of defects, code coverage and test cases development duration
between TDD and Test-Last. The results has been analyzes and presented to support the best technique. On an
average, the effectiveness of test cases with regards to the selected quality factors in Test-Driven Development
(TDD) was better than the conventional technique (Test-last). TDD and conventional testing had nearly the
same percentage as result in code coverage. Moreover, the number of defects found and the test cases
development duration spent in TDD are high compared with Test-Last. The results led to suggest some
contributions and achievement that could be gained from applying TDD technique in software industry. As
using TDD as development technique in young companies can produce high quality software in less time.
How software size influence productivity and project durationIJECEIAES
To make a perfect project plan, the software size of the order from the customer is the most important factor. The biggest challenge for the project manager is to estimate the project end date in the beginning of the project i.e. in project planning phase with realistic accuracy. Apart from other major inputs to estimate the project end date, expected team capability (productivity) and estimated software size are the major inputs that may influence the project end date. Software size is one of the most significant independent metric available in the planning phase and project manager has to estimate the other metrics based on the initial estimated software size. There is no direct relationship available between software size and project duration or software size and team productivity, however, there are industry data published by Quantitative Software Management and ISBSG that shows how these metrics influence each other. In this paper, using the data published by ISBSG and Quantitative Software Management, we try to statistically establish how productivity and project duration are influenced by software size. We have done linear regression analysis by generating the secondary data based on the data published by ISBSG and Quantitative Software Management. Linear regression equation validated with the actual project data and experimental results suggest that that productivity is significantly dependent on software size, however, project duration does not significantly depend on software size but may also be dependent on other metrics like team size, apart from software size.
This document summarizes research on factors that contribute to the success of software projects. It discusses functional requirements, operational quality, and usability. The introduction provides background on the importance of quality management and identifies reasons why software projects fail. The literature review then summarizes several studies that have examined how reliability, response time, usability, and meeting user requirements impact project success. Finally, the document discusses the need to balance functionality and usability through various design and testing approaches.
Who tested my software Testing as an organizationally cross-cutting activity Nora Alriyes
This presentation based on a study :Who tested my software Testing as an organizationally cross-cutting activity :link :http://lib.tkk.fi/Diss/2011/isbn9789526043395/article6.pdf
representation & notes from quality engineer's view point
Flexibility a key factor to testability ijseajournal
Testability is an important software quality factor that is ineffective if it is not available at an early stage in
the development life-cycle. It becomes more essential in the case of object oriented design. Flexibility is an
important key factor to testability analysis and measurement for delivering high class testable and
maintainable software. Flexibility is a criterion of crucial significance to software developers, designers
and the quality controllers. It constantly guides and supports to avoid wastage of resources as well as
enable the designers for continuous improvement in the development process. Flexibility is concerned with
building high quality and reliable software within the constraints of cost and time. It greatly influences
cost, quality and reliability at software evolution process. Despite the fact flexibility is vital and highly
significant aspect for software development processes, it is poorly managed. This paper focuses the need
and importance of flexibility early at design phase. A model has been proposed for flexibility measurement
of object oriented design by establishing multiple linear regression. Finally the proposed model has been
validated using experimental tryout.
An Empirical Study of SQA Function Effectiveness in CMMI Certified Companies ...zillesubhan
The most vital component for any software development process is, “quality”, as it ensures the reliability and effectiveness of new software. Software Quality Assurance (SQA) techniques as well as a standardized qualitative metric known as Capability Maturity Model Integration (CMMI) are used to ensure this quality. The purposes of both the practices are same as both make efforts for end product’s quality. In spite of this, CMMI certified organizations have SQA function, but face a lot of issues, which resulted in lowering the quality of the products. Standards usually provide documentation, but SQA consider testing as a chief element and also documentation only for authentication and appraisals. The relationship of the SQA function with CMMI has not attended much in common literatures. This paper is centered on investigation conducted through data collection from diverse CMMI certified software development firm to check the practice of SQA function.
STRATEGIES TO REDUCE REWORK IN SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT ON AN ORGANISATION IN MAU...ijseajournal
Rework is a known vicious circle in software development since it plays a central role in the generation of
delays, extra costs and diverse risks introduced after software delivery. It eventually triggers a negative
impact on the quality of the software developed. In order to cater the rework issue, this paper goes in depth
with the notion of rework in software development as it occurs in practice by analysing a development
process on an organisation in Mauritius where rework is a major issue. Meticulous strategies to reduce
rework are then analysed and discussed. The paper ultimately leads to the recommendation of the best
strategy that is software configuration management to reduce the rework problem in software development
Testability measurement model for object oriented design (tmmood)ijcsit
Measuring testability early in the development life cycle especially at design phase is a criterion of crucial importance to software designers, developers, quality controllers and practitioners. However, most of the
mechanism available for testability measurement may be used in the later phases of development life cycle.
Early estimation of testability, absolutely at design phase helps designers to improve their designs before
the coding starts. Practitioners regularly advocate that testability should be planned early in design phase.
Testability measurement early in design phase is greatly emphasized in this study; hence, considered significant for the delivery of quality software. As a result, it extensively reduces rework during and after implementation, as well as facilitate for design effective test plans, better project and resource planning in a practical manner, with a focus on the design phase. An effort has been put forth in this paper to recognize the key factors contributing in testability measurement at design phase. Additionally, testability
measurement model is developed to quantify software testability at design phase. Furthermore, the relationship of Testability with these factors has been tested and justified with the help of statistical measures. The developed model has been validated using experimental tryout. Finally, it incorporates the empirical validation of the testability measurement model as the author’s most important contribution.
Comparison between Test-Driven Development and Conventional Development: A Ca...IJERA Editor
In Software Engineering, different techniques and approaches are being used nowadays to produce reliable
software. The software quality relies heavily on the software testing. However, not all developers are concerned
with the testing stage of a software. This has affected the software quality and has increased the cost as well. To
avoid these issues, researchers paid a lot of effort on finding the best technique that guarantee the software
quality. In this paper we aim to explore the effectiveness of building test cases using Test-Driven Development
(TDD) technique compared with the conventional technique (Test-last). The comparison measures the
effectiveness of test cases with regard to number of defects, code coverage and test cases development duration
between TDD and Test-Last. The results has been analyzes and presented to support the best technique. On an
average, the effectiveness of test cases with regards to the selected quality factors in Test-Driven Development
(TDD) was better than the conventional technique (Test-last). TDD and conventional testing had nearly the
same percentage as result in code coverage. Moreover, the number of defects found and the test cases
development duration spent in TDD are high compared with Test-Last. The results led to suggest some
contributions and achievement that could be gained from applying TDD technique in software industry. As
using TDD as development technique in young companies can produce high quality software in less time.
How software size influence productivity and project durationIJECEIAES
To make a perfect project plan, the software size of the order from the customer is the most important factor. The biggest challenge for the project manager is to estimate the project end date in the beginning of the project i.e. in project planning phase with realistic accuracy. Apart from other major inputs to estimate the project end date, expected team capability (productivity) and estimated software size are the major inputs that may influence the project end date. Software size is one of the most significant independent metric available in the planning phase and project manager has to estimate the other metrics based on the initial estimated software size. There is no direct relationship available between software size and project duration or software size and team productivity, however, there are industry data published by Quantitative Software Management and ISBSG that shows how these metrics influence each other. In this paper, using the data published by ISBSG and Quantitative Software Management, we try to statistically establish how productivity and project duration are influenced by software size. We have done linear regression analysis by generating the secondary data based on the data published by ISBSG and Quantitative Software Management. Linear regression equation validated with the actual project data and experimental results suggest that that productivity is significantly dependent on software size, however, project duration does not significantly depend on software size but may also be dependent on other metrics like team size, apart from software size.
This document summarizes research on factors that contribute to the success of software projects. It discusses functional requirements, operational quality, and usability. The introduction provides background on the importance of quality management and identifies reasons why software projects fail. The literature review then summarizes several studies that have examined how reliability, response time, usability, and meeting user requirements impact project success. Finally, the document discusses the need to balance functionality and usability through various design and testing approaches.
How Did Software Get So Reliable Without Proof?mustafa sarac
This document summarizes the key practices that have enabled software to become more reliable without extensive use of formal proof methods. It argues that software reliability has improved due to rigorous management processes like design reviews, quality assurance testing, and evolutionary improvement of existing software. While formal methods play a small direct role, they provide conceptual frameworks that support current best practices and point to future improvements.
How did Software Got So Reliable Without Proof?mustafa sarac
This document summarizes the key techniques that have enabled software to become more reliable without extensive use of formal proof methods. It argues that software reliability has improved due to:
1) Rigorous management processes such as design reviews, quality assurance testing, and continuous error removal from existing software.
2) Techniques like defensive programming and over-engineering that increase reliability without proof.
3) Formal methods providing conceptual frameworks and basic understanding to support best practices and guide future improvement, even if not used directly in large-scale programming.
KJ Ross Whitepaper How CXO's can reduce IT Project risk by improving software...KJR
The document discusses five key pointers for reducing risk in IT projects from a testing perspective as compiled by K.J. Ross & Associates. It recommends starting testing early in the concept phase of a project, getting input from testing teams on contracts to ensure proper testing requirements are included, measuring requirements twice before development to reduce defects, tailoring testing strategies based on assessing project risks, and protecting the testing cycle from being shortened due to other delays.
Defect effort prediction models in software maintenance projectsiaemedu
The document discusses models for predicting defects in software maintenance projects. It describes how data on defects found during testing is recorded and used by reliability models to predict remaining defects. The paper proposes exploring defect data through appropriate statistics and predictive models like decision trees and Naive Bayes classifiers. It outlines steps for analyzing defect data with statistics to gain insights, including using ratios of defects found before and after release to assess quality. Graphs are suggested to examine the impact of previous releases on current release quality.
AN EMPIRICAL STUDY ON SOFTWARE TEST EFFORT ESTIMATIONLava Kafle
It is well known that software development projects tend to be based on over-optimistic cost estimates. Better
knowledge about software cost estimation is necessary to improve realism in software development project bids and budgets.
In my master thesis, I did a literature review that indicates that many research papers address software cost and effort
estimation, but none of the 150 papers I reviewed addressed the software test effort and/or cost estimation. We therefore
prepared a set of five research questions to address software test effort estimation, and conducted a case study and collected
empirical evidence from software development companies in Nepal. The minimum company size was 30 while the
maximum company size was 200. I performed the case study by conducting interviews with a set of structured
questionnaires. I compared the results obtained from the case study with the literature review and found that there exists
practice for empirical evidence based verification, validation, and testing cost/effort estimations. I also noted that test effort
estimation follow the same pattern as software development project estimates. My results show that 1) all the companies
prepare separate estimates for test effort, 2) empirical data is commonly used to estimate test effort, and 3) test effort
estimation error seems to be closely correlated with development effort estimation error. A company that had estimated total
of 3500 man-months had actually spent 4200 man-months implying 700 man-months of effort/cost overruns to complete the
project. Another company that projected testing effort of 100 man-hour actually ended up in 120 man-hour at the end of
project causing 20 man-hour effort/cost overruns. Therefore, our study indicates that test effort closely follows the
development patterns. However, more studies in this area are clearly needed.
- The document discusses the results of a survey of over 1000 SQL Server professionals on their adoption of DevOps practices and how those practices are applied to database development.
- 47% have adopted DevOps across some or all projects, while 33% plan to adopt within 2 years. The biggest challenges are synchronizing app and database changes and overcoming different development approaches between teams.
- While practices like version control and monitoring are common, only 20% apply continuous integration, testing, and deployment to databases. Moving databases fully to automated deployments is seen as a bigger challenge than for applications.
- Speed of delivery is the main driver for DevOps database practices, along with freeing up developer time. Traditional siloed
IRJET- Most Efficient Critical Success Factor for ConstructionIRJET Journal
This document discusses critical success factors for construction projects based on a literature review. It identifies several critical success factors for construction projects from previous studies. The objectives of the study are to identify external and internal critical success factors, evaluate them in order of importance, and evaluate their effects on project success. The literature review discusses previous research on critical success factors for construction management, risk management in developing countries, and public sector construction projects. Several key critical success factors are identified from these studies, including adequate planning, support from managers, effective communication management, and leadership of the project manager.
This document discusses agile test planning and compares it to traditional test planning methods. It proposes a new template for agile test planning that combines elements of the IEEE 829 test plan standard and James Bach's heuristic test strategy model. The document reviews literature on agile principles, quality assurance, and test planning. It analyzes the components of IEEE 829 and identifies which could be adopted for agile test planning while still adhering to agile values. A research methodology using multiple case studies is presented to analyze the effectiveness of the proposed new agile test planning template.
The Increasing Value and Complexity of Software Call for the Reevaluation of ...PRQA
VDC performs annually global market research, regarding the Automated Test and Verification Tool (AT&V) market. The current white paper summarizes findings from a survey in 2011, capturing the input from almost 600 engineers. The respondents are directly involved in Embedded and Enterprise/IT software and systems
development, across a wide range of industries: Automotive, Medical, Telecoms, Aerospace, Military and others.
Programming Research (PRQA) worked with VDC to fine-tune the survey questions to provide deeper insights into the development of high integrity software and the role of static analysis.
This document discusses adopting agile methods for fixed-price software development contracts. It begins with an introduction to agile software development and how it differs from traditional predictive methods like waterfall. Specifically, agile values working software, customer collaboration and responding to change over extensive upfront documentation and planning.
It then reviews literature on contractual obligations for fixed-price contracts, the traditional predictive software development process, agile methods like Scrum, and challenges with applying agile to fixed-price contracts.
The document goes on to describe a case study where an organization used agile processes for a fixed-price commercial software project. It discusses lessons learned from adopting new agile ways of working and tools. The results showed improvements in
A PROCESS QUALITY IMPROVEMENT MECHANISM FOR REDUCING THE RISK OF CI ENVIRONMENTijcsit
In the age of fast evolution, software development project must accept many challenges of unpredicted requirements change and new technology environment. Software development processes should have adjustable and extendable features to meet the multifaceted needs of the users. Iterative and Incremental Development (IID) is a practical approach to overcome the various challenges of software development.
However, continuous testing and building new versions need to spend more time and human resources that is a major obstacle of IID. The other, the iterative operations must have a sound communication skills. Lack of standard version control and intercommunication manner often lead to failure of software project. High quality Continuous Integration (CI) environment can effectively make up the defects of IID. In this paper, CI environment and advantages are deeply surveyed. In order to overcome the defects of IID, CI environment needs combine the perfect procedures and qualified tools, and concretely enhance the quality of CI environment. Based on the process quality measurement model, this paper proposes the Process
Quality Improvement Mechanism (PQIM). Applying PQIM, in software development, the processes problems and the CI environment quality defects can identify timely and indeed revise to reduce the risk of CI environment.
A study of various viewpoints and aspects software quality perspectiveeSAT Journals
Abstract The software quality is very important research of software engineering grown from the last two decades. The software engineering paradigm adopted by many organizations to develop the high quality software at affordable cost. The high quality software is considered as one of the key factor in the rapid growth of Global Software Development. The software metrics computes and evaluates the quality characteristics and used to take quantitative and qualitative decisions for risk assessment and reduction. The multiple stakeholders can view the software quality in multiple angles with various aspects. In this paper we present multiple views of the software quality with respect to various quality aspects. Key Words : Stakeholders, Functional aspect, Structural aspect, Process aspect, Metrics etc.
Extreme Programming (XP) is an agile methodology widely used for software development. However, XP is not as effective for medium and large projects due to weaknesses like poor documentation and lack of risk awareness. This paper reviews several studies on adapting XP for different project sizes through practices like extended planning, architecture design, and risk management. Case studies show the adapted XP approach can provide benefits to medium and large projects similar to what standard XP delivers for small projects.
Understanding Customer Voice of Project Portfolio Management SoftwarePeachy Essay
Abstract—Project Portfolio Management (PPM) has gained
success in many projects due to its large number of features that covers effective scheduling, risk management, collaboration, and third-party software integrations to mention a few. A broad range of PPM software is available; however, it is essential to select the PPM with minimum usage issues over time. While many companies use surveys and market research to get users feedback, the PPM product software reviews carry the voice of users; the positive and negative sentiments of the PPM software reviews. This paper collected 4,775 reviews of ten PPM software from Capttera.com. Our approach has these phases- text preprocessing, sentiment analysis, summarization, and categorizations. The software reviews are filtered and cleaned, then negative sentiments of user reviews are summarized into a set of factors that identify issues of adopted PPM software. We report the most important issues of PPM software which were related to missing technological features and lack of training.
Results using Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) model showed
that the top ten common issues are related to software complexity and lack of required features.
ECONOMIC OUTPUT UNDER THE CONDITIONS OF SOCIAL FREEDOM IN SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENTijseajournal
Software developers organize their work autonomously. Agile development approaches give freedom to developers. However, the discussion about economy often leads to the comparison with manu-facturing processes which are tightly organised. If developers spend too much time on inefficient activities, the performance might decrease. The worst example could be breaks. Breaks could be seen as a reason for
economic problems by the management. This paper investigates the impact of breaks on the overall performance in software development. The investigations assume that if developers make pauses in a normal manner, this has not a negative impact on the profitability. In practice, the human-centric development process brings together a business process and a social process. The interaction of both processes was simulated. Due to the execution of 1.500 simulations, we obtained information on the economic progression of the development process under the influence of
breaks. We determined the impact of breaks on the overall profitability. This investigation contributes to the discussion of freedom in software development. It helps man-agers to
assess if employees who make breaks harm the profitability. This could lead to the imple-mentation of further business constraints.
Agile techniques that utilize iterative development are broadly used in various industry projects as a lightweight development technique which can satisfy the continuous changes of requirements. Short repetitions are used that are required for efficient product delivery. Traditional and old software development methods are not much efficient and effective to control the rapid change in requirements. Despite the benefits of Agile, criticism on agile methodology states that it couldn’t succeed to pay attention to architectural and design issues and therefore is bound to produce small design-decisions. The past decade has observed numerous changes in systems development with many organizations accepting agile techniques as a viable methodology for developing systems. An increase in the number of research studies reveals the growing demand and acceptance of agile methodologies. While most research has focused on acceptance rate and adaptation of agile practices, there is very limited knowledge of their post-adoption usage and incorporation within organizations. Several factors explain the effective usage of agile methodologies. A combination of previous research in Agile Methodologies, Diffusion of Innovations, Information Systems implementation, and Systems Development has been carried out to develop a research model that identifies the main factors relevant to the propagation and effective usage of agile methodologies in organizations.
Modernize Testing To Accelerate Your Digital Business
The document discusses a study on continuous testing practices. Some key findings include:
- Continuous testing leaders realize benefits like improved productivity, agility, and experiences. However, they still struggle to keep up with changing customer demands when prioritizing speed over quality.
- Leaders automate more testing types like security and performance, and use federated centers of excellence, but 40% of testing remains manual.
- Insufficient tooling that doesn't support all applications and personas is a top challenge preventing further optimization.
- To further improve, leaders prioritize partnering with testing services providers and improving tester-developer collaboration, as well as using broad, integrated testing tools.
The Art and Science of "Software Testing"saniakhan8105
"The Art and Science of Software Testing" explores essential techniques and best practices for ensuring software quality. This guide covers manual and automated testing methods, helping you detect bugs, improve performance, and deliver reliable software products.
Software testing plays a crucial role in ensuring the quality and reliability of software applications. As technology continues to advance, it becomes increasingly important to stay up-to-date with the latest trends and statistics in the field of software testing. In this article, we will explore the top 20 software testing statistics and provide a brief overview of each point. These statistics shed light on the current state of quality assurance and offer insights into the challenges and advancements in software testing.
MAKE THE QUALITY OF SOFTWARE PRODUCT IN THE VIEW OF POOR PRACTICES BY USING S...Journal For Research
In the Software Engineering, One of the most important factors to impact national and international business is quality of software and its assurance. Integral part of software development cycle is SQA, evaluation of software Quality product when compared to other industrial projects and it is very highly difficult. For developing, performance, speed, maintaining the quality, cost and efficiency of the software, SQA activities, principles and its methods are implemented in the early stages of the software engineering development phases. Where in this paper there is little visibility of lack of software Quality product in the view of poor practices. Hence we proposed a new system with best practices in software quality management to make the best quality product. This System works on Gain Better Visibility into Supplier Quality with Technology.
How Did Software Get So Reliable Without Proof?mustafa sarac
This document summarizes the key practices that have enabled software to become more reliable without extensive use of formal proof methods. It argues that software reliability has improved due to rigorous management processes like design reviews, quality assurance testing, and evolutionary improvement of existing software. While formal methods play a small direct role, they provide conceptual frameworks that support current best practices and point to future improvements.
How did Software Got So Reliable Without Proof?mustafa sarac
This document summarizes the key techniques that have enabled software to become more reliable without extensive use of formal proof methods. It argues that software reliability has improved due to:
1) Rigorous management processes such as design reviews, quality assurance testing, and continuous error removal from existing software.
2) Techniques like defensive programming and over-engineering that increase reliability without proof.
3) Formal methods providing conceptual frameworks and basic understanding to support best practices and guide future improvement, even if not used directly in large-scale programming.
KJ Ross Whitepaper How CXO's can reduce IT Project risk by improving software...KJR
The document discusses five key pointers for reducing risk in IT projects from a testing perspective as compiled by K.J. Ross & Associates. It recommends starting testing early in the concept phase of a project, getting input from testing teams on contracts to ensure proper testing requirements are included, measuring requirements twice before development to reduce defects, tailoring testing strategies based on assessing project risks, and protecting the testing cycle from being shortened due to other delays.
Defect effort prediction models in software maintenance projectsiaemedu
The document discusses models for predicting defects in software maintenance projects. It describes how data on defects found during testing is recorded and used by reliability models to predict remaining defects. The paper proposes exploring defect data through appropriate statistics and predictive models like decision trees and Naive Bayes classifiers. It outlines steps for analyzing defect data with statistics to gain insights, including using ratios of defects found before and after release to assess quality. Graphs are suggested to examine the impact of previous releases on current release quality.
AN EMPIRICAL STUDY ON SOFTWARE TEST EFFORT ESTIMATIONLava Kafle
It is well known that software development projects tend to be based on over-optimistic cost estimates. Better
knowledge about software cost estimation is necessary to improve realism in software development project bids and budgets.
In my master thesis, I did a literature review that indicates that many research papers address software cost and effort
estimation, but none of the 150 papers I reviewed addressed the software test effort and/or cost estimation. We therefore
prepared a set of five research questions to address software test effort estimation, and conducted a case study and collected
empirical evidence from software development companies in Nepal. The minimum company size was 30 while the
maximum company size was 200. I performed the case study by conducting interviews with a set of structured
questionnaires. I compared the results obtained from the case study with the literature review and found that there exists
practice for empirical evidence based verification, validation, and testing cost/effort estimations. I also noted that test effort
estimation follow the same pattern as software development project estimates. My results show that 1) all the companies
prepare separate estimates for test effort, 2) empirical data is commonly used to estimate test effort, and 3) test effort
estimation error seems to be closely correlated with development effort estimation error. A company that had estimated total
of 3500 man-months had actually spent 4200 man-months implying 700 man-months of effort/cost overruns to complete the
project. Another company that projected testing effort of 100 man-hour actually ended up in 120 man-hour at the end of
project causing 20 man-hour effort/cost overruns. Therefore, our study indicates that test effort closely follows the
development patterns. However, more studies in this area are clearly needed.
- The document discusses the results of a survey of over 1000 SQL Server professionals on their adoption of DevOps practices and how those practices are applied to database development.
- 47% have adopted DevOps across some or all projects, while 33% plan to adopt within 2 years. The biggest challenges are synchronizing app and database changes and overcoming different development approaches between teams.
- While practices like version control and monitoring are common, only 20% apply continuous integration, testing, and deployment to databases. Moving databases fully to automated deployments is seen as a bigger challenge than for applications.
- Speed of delivery is the main driver for DevOps database practices, along with freeing up developer time. Traditional siloed
IRJET- Most Efficient Critical Success Factor for ConstructionIRJET Journal
This document discusses critical success factors for construction projects based on a literature review. It identifies several critical success factors for construction projects from previous studies. The objectives of the study are to identify external and internal critical success factors, evaluate them in order of importance, and evaluate their effects on project success. The literature review discusses previous research on critical success factors for construction management, risk management in developing countries, and public sector construction projects. Several key critical success factors are identified from these studies, including adequate planning, support from managers, effective communication management, and leadership of the project manager.
This document discusses agile test planning and compares it to traditional test planning methods. It proposes a new template for agile test planning that combines elements of the IEEE 829 test plan standard and James Bach's heuristic test strategy model. The document reviews literature on agile principles, quality assurance, and test planning. It analyzes the components of IEEE 829 and identifies which could be adopted for agile test planning while still adhering to agile values. A research methodology using multiple case studies is presented to analyze the effectiveness of the proposed new agile test planning template.
The Increasing Value and Complexity of Software Call for the Reevaluation of ...PRQA
VDC performs annually global market research, regarding the Automated Test and Verification Tool (AT&V) market. The current white paper summarizes findings from a survey in 2011, capturing the input from almost 600 engineers. The respondents are directly involved in Embedded and Enterprise/IT software and systems
development, across a wide range of industries: Automotive, Medical, Telecoms, Aerospace, Military and others.
Programming Research (PRQA) worked with VDC to fine-tune the survey questions to provide deeper insights into the development of high integrity software and the role of static analysis.
This document discusses adopting agile methods for fixed-price software development contracts. It begins with an introduction to agile software development and how it differs from traditional predictive methods like waterfall. Specifically, agile values working software, customer collaboration and responding to change over extensive upfront documentation and planning.
It then reviews literature on contractual obligations for fixed-price contracts, the traditional predictive software development process, agile methods like Scrum, and challenges with applying agile to fixed-price contracts.
The document goes on to describe a case study where an organization used agile processes for a fixed-price commercial software project. It discusses lessons learned from adopting new agile ways of working and tools. The results showed improvements in
A PROCESS QUALITY IMPROVEMENT MECHANISM FOR REDUCING THE RISK OF CI ENVIRONMENTijcsit
In the age of fast evolution, software development project must accept many challenges of unpredicted requirements change and new technology environment. Software development processes should have adjustable and extendable features to meet the multifaceted needs of the users. Iterative and Incremental Development (IID) is a practical approach to overcome the various challenges of software development.
However, continuous testing and building new versions need to spend more time and human resources that is a major obstacle of IID. The other, the iterative operations must have a sound communication skills. Lack of standard version control and intercommunication manner often lead to failure of software project. High quality Continuous Integration (CI) environment can effectively make up the defects of IID. In this paper, CI environment and advantages are deeply surveyed. In order to overcome the defects of IID, CI environment needs combine the perfect procedures and qualified tools, and concretely enhance the quality of CI environment. Based on the process quality measurement model, this paper proposes the Process
Quality Improvement Mechanism (PQIM). Applying PQIM, in software development, the processes problems and the CI environment quality defects can identify timely and indeed revise to reduce the risk of CI environment.
A study of various viewpoints and aspects software quality perspectiveeSAT Journals
Abstract The software quality is very important research of software engineering grown from the last two decades. The software engineering paradigm adopted by many organizations to develop the high quality software at affordable cost. The high quality software is considered as one of the key factor in the rapid growth of Global Software Development. The software metrics computes and evaluates the quality characteristics and used to take quantitative and qualitative decisions for risk assessment and reduction. The multiple stakeholders can view the software quality in multiple angles with various aspects. In this paper we present multiple views of the software quality with respect to various quality aspects. Key Words : Stakeholders, Functional aspect, Structural aspect, Process aspect, Metrics etc.
Extreme Programming (XP) is an agile methodology widely used for software development. However, XP is not as effective for medium and large projects due to weaknesses like poor documentation and lack of risk awareness. This paper reviews several studies on adapting XP for different project sizes through practices like extended planning, architecture design, and risk management. Case studies show the adapted XP approach can provide benefits to medium and large projects similar to what standard XP delivers for small projects.
Understanding Customer Voice of Project Portfolio Management SoftwarePeachy Essay
Abstract—Project Portfolio Management (PPM) has gained
success in many projects due to its large number of features that covers effective scheduling, risk management, collaboration, and third-party software integrations to mention a few. A broad range of PPM software is available; however, it is essential to select the PPM with minimum usage issues over time. While many companies use surveys and market research to get users feedback, the PPM product software reviews carry the voice of users; the positive and negative sentiments of the PPM software reviews. This paper collected 4,775 reviews of ten PPM software from Capttera.com. Our approach has these phases- text preprocessing, sentiment analysis, summarization, and categorizations. The software reviews are filtered and cleaned, then negative sentiments of user reviews are summarized into a set of factors that identify issues of adopted PPM software. We report the most important issues of PPM software which were related to missing technological features and lack of training.
Results using Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) model showed
that the top ten common issues are related to software complexity and lack of required features.
ECONOMIC OUTPUT UNDER THE CONDITIONS OF SOCIAL FREEDOM IN SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENTijseajournal
Software developers organize their work autonomously. Agile development approaches give freedom to developers. However, the discussion about economy often leads to the comparison with manu-facturing processes which are tightly organised. If developers spend too much time on inefficient activities, the performance might decrease. The worst example could be breaks. Breaks could be seen as a reason for
economic problems by the management. This paper investigates the impact of breaks on the overall performance in software development. The investigations assume that if developers make pauses in a normal manner, this has not a negative impact on the profitability. In practice, the human-centric development process brings together a business process and a social process. The interaction of both processes was simulated. Due to the execution of 1.500 simulations, we obtained information on the economic progression of the development process under the influence of
breaks. We determined the impact of breaks on the overall profitability. This investigation contributes to the discussion of freedom in software development. It helps man-agers to
assess if employees who make breaks harm the profitability. This could lead to the imple-mentation of further business constraints.
Agile techniques that utilize iterative development are broadly used in various industry projects as a lightweight development technique which can satisfy the continuous changes of requirements. Short repetitions are used that are required for efficient product delivery. Traditional and old software development methods are not much efficient and effective to control the rapid change in requirements. Despite the benefits of Agile, criticism on agile methodology states that it couldn’t succeed to pay attention to architectural and design issues and therefore is bound to produce small design-decisions. The past decade has observed numerous changes in systems development with many organizations accepting agile techniques as a viable methodology for developing systems. An increase in the number of research studies reveals the growing demand and acceptance of agile methodologies. While most research has focused on acceptance rate and adaptation of agile practices, there is very limited knowledge of their post-adoption usage and incorporation within organizations. Several factors explain the effective usage of agile methodologies. A combination of previous research in Agile Methodologies, Diffusion of Innovations, Information Systems implementation, and Systems Development has been carried out to develop a research model that identifies the main factors relevant to the propagation and effective usage of agile methodologies in organizations.
Modernize Testing To Accelerate Your Digital Business
The document discusses a study on continuous testing practices. Some key findings include:
- Continuous testing leaders realize benefits like improved productivity, agility, and experiences. However, they still struggle to keep up with changing customer demands when prioritizing speed over quality.
- Leaders automate more testing types like security and performance, and use federated centers of excellence, but 40% of testing remains manual.
- Insufficient tooling that doesn't support all applications and personas is a top challenge preventing further optimization.
- To further improve, leaders prioritize partnering with testing services providers and improving tester-developer collaboration, as well as using broad, integrated testing tools.
The Art and Science of "Software Testing"saniakhan8105
"The Art and Science of Software Testing" explores essential techniques and best practices for ensuring software quality. This guide covers manual and automated testing methods, helping you detect bugs, improve performance, and deliver reliable software products.
Software testing plays a crucial role in ensuring the quality and reliability of software applications. As technology continues to advance, it becomes increasingly important to stay up-to-date with the latest trends and statistics in the field of software testing. In this article, we will explore the top 20 software testing statistics and provide a brief overview of each point. These statistics shed light on the current state of quality assurance and offer insights into the challenges and advancements in software testing.
MAKE THE QUALITY OF SOFTWARE PRODUCT IN THE VIEW OF POOR PRACTICES BY USING S...Journal For Research
In the Software Engineering, One of the most important factors to impact national and international business is quality of software and its assurance. Integral part of software development cycle is SQA, evaluation of software Quality product when compared to other industrial projects and it is very highly difficult. For developing, performance, speed, maintaining the quality, cost and efficiency of the software, SQA activities, principles and its methods are implemented in the early stages of the software engineering development phases. Where in this paper there is little visibility of lack of software Quality product in the view of poor practices. Hence we proposed a new system with best practices in software quality management to make the best quality product. This System works on Gain Better Visibility into Supplier Quality with Technology.
The document discusses Agile software development methods and provides evidence that Agile approaches are effective. It defines Agile development as iterative and incremental with close collaboration. Case studies show organizations achieving better results with Agile, including increased productivity, quality, and customer satisfaction. Adopting Agile practices like Scrum and test-driven development enables organizations to adapt to changing priorities and deliver working software more frequently.
Strengths And Weaknesses Of Software DevelopmentBrianna Johnson
The document discusses an overview for a system development assignment. It outlines the system being developed, requirements, use cases, domain model, and an agile approach to development. The system aims to manage a company's projects and tasks. Key requirements include assigning tasks, tracking progress, and reporting. Example use cases include creating a new project and updating a task. The domain model diagrams the main entities and their relationships. An iterative agile method like Scrum or Kanban is proposed to allow for adaptive planning, early delivery, and incorporating feedback throughout development.
A Presentation on a Research Paper "Survay of Early Adopters".
This presentation is was prepared by Ebad Ur Rehman and Presented in a Class of Advance Software Engineering at University of South Asia
The document is the 2016-17 Turkey Software Quality Report published by the Turkish Testing Board. It focuses on test data management. The report aims to help organizations shift their mindsets and set standards for future IT projects in Turkey. It provides a survey of test data practices in Turkish organizations. The survey found that most test data is currently generated manually by testers, but automation is expected to increase. It also found that a significant amount (30% on average) of testing effort is spent on test data management. The top challenges in test data management are having up-to-date and consistent data that resembles real data.
The document is the 2016-17 Turkey Software Quality Report published by the Turkish Testing Board. It provides an executive summary and analysis of survey results on topics related to test data management in the Turkish software industry. Some of the key findings from the surveys include:
- Over 70% of organizations report that software testers are responsible for test data generation.
- Over half of organizations spend between 11-50% of their testing efforts on test data management activities.
- The top challenges in creating test data are having up-to-date and consistent data that resembles real production data.
- Most organizations manually generate test data or use subsets of production data for testing. Very few use full database virtualization.
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The document discusses challenges that organizations face in improving project success rates and adopting agile and DevOps practices. It finds that success rates are at a 4-year low due to issues like unclear requirements and poor business-IT alignment. Additionally, surveys show that organizational agility and the ability to align with business strategy are also low. The document advocates that organizations must improve requirements management, ensure strategic alignment of projects, measure business benefits, and enable agility through their processes and tools in order to successfully adopt agile and DevOps practices at scale. Effective requirements management is highlighted as particularly important through tools that enable collaboration, traceability, process automation and integration across the software development lifecycle.
Ludmila Orlova HOW USE OF AGILE METHODOLOGY IN SOFTWARE DEVELO.docxsmile790243
Ludmila Orlova
HOW USE OF AGILE METHODOLOGY IN SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT INFLUENCE AGILITY OF THE BUSINESS
Agile methodology is widely distributed tool for software development. Presented article explore research data about use of these tools, its influence to quality of the end product and performance of development and overall agility of business and companies.
KEYWORDS:
Agile, software development, agile business
CONTENT
1 INTRODUCTION
2 AGILE SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT
3 SCALING AGILE
4 AGILE BUSINESS
5 CONCLUSION
REFERENCES
1 INTRODUCTION
Fast pace of science progress in solid state electronics led to incredible progress of computer devices that on its turn demanded software to control and manage the power of computer calculations and usage.
Software engineering emerged in the beginning of 20th century and by the end of it became separate state of art science, activity and the profession for millions. There are about 18.2 million software developers worldwide, a number that is due to rise to 26.4 million by 2019, a 45% increase, says Evans Data Corp. in its latest Global Developer Population and Demographic Study (P. Thibodeau, 2013). Along with growing number of software developers (software development firms, projects and people involved), increased the need for effective management of software development process. This demanded new approach and methodology from business researchers and managers. In the last several decades there was huge number of research, both in IT field and business management dedicated to this area.
Popularity of agile software development methods started about decade ago and at present these methods are employed by many big, medium size and small companies. Still growing attention to agile methods from software development specialists confirm these methods filled the lack of management techniques for software development that emerged and developed extremely fast along with speedy advancement of hardware in IT area. Great number of research done in areas such as changes in performance of software development using agile methods or scaling agile for large companies and teams. Also one of modern trends is an attempt to apply agile methodology for project management, marketing, sales and other activities. Goal of this article is to explore influence of application agile methods in software development to agility of whole company and business. Presented work based on secondary data taken from a multiple sources, the work performed as an exploratory study and a review of existing research in the area.
2 AGILE SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT
Definition of an adjective agile in English is: able to move quickly and easily or able to think and understand quickly (Oxford Dictionary, 2015). The most often contemporary use presented by the following sentence: Relating to or denoting a method of project management, used especially for software development, that is characterized by the division of tasks into ...
Embracing the Future: Innovative Approaches to Software Testing and Quality A...AnanthReddy38
In the dynamic realm of software development, the importance of robust software testing and quality assurance (QA) practices cannot be overstated. The landscape is evolving rapidly, with innovative approaches reshaping traditional paradigms. Companies like Relevant Software are at the forefront of this transformation, integrating cutting-edge innovations to elevate software quality.
History of Software Testing
Historically, software testing was an afterthought, often slow and inefficient in keeping pace with evolving demands. Innovative approaches, however, are marked by agility and integration across the development lifecycle. Automation, a cornerstone of modern methodologies, not only accelerates testing but also enhances accuracy, reducing human error.
Emerging Trends in Software Testing
Emerging trends in software testing include the integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) for predictive testing. Continuous testing, another pivotal trend, ensures immediate feedback at every development stage, facilitating quicker iterations.
Behavior-Driven Development (BDD)
Behavior-Driven Development (BDD) fosters collaboration, ensuring a shared understanding of objectives among developers, QA professionals, and stakeholders before coding begins. Case studies across industries showcase the practical impact of these methodologies.
AGILE OR PLAN-DRIVEN SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT METHODOLOGY SELECTION USING PERSON...Kaela Johnson
This document discusses a research paper that investigated how the personality traits of software developers, as measured by the Big Five personality dimensions, can predict their suitability for either plan-driven or agile software development methodologies. The researchers analyzed how traits like extraversion and agreeableness relate to a developer's interest in either methodology. Understanding personality traits could help match developers to the methodology and development team best suited to their skills and working style, potentially improving software project success rates.
The document discusses challenges facing DevOps teams in keeping up with business demands for new software while managing a global talent shortage. A survey of over 1,000 engineering professionals found that most struggle to find enough testing talent and have only partially automated testing. While the benefits of shifting testing left into continuous integration/delivery pipelines are understood, most respondents have not fully integrated testing. The analyst predicts automation and further testing integration will be critical to help teams scale alongside increasing needs for speed and quality software delivery.
Most Advanced Software Testing Solution Providers of 2022.pdfInsightsSuccess4
This edition features a handful of business Software Testing Solution sectors that are at the forefront of leading us into a digital future.
Read More: https://insightssuccess.com/most-advanced-software-testing-solution-providers-of-2022-november2022/
This document discusses how continuous delivery of software is putting pressure on security teams to keep up with frequent releases. It describes how leading companies are using Fortify's application security solutions to scan more applications faster, better prioritize issues, and integrate security testing throughout development. By shifting security left to earlier phases, these companies find and fix vulnerabilities sooner, reducing remediation time and allowing for faster software delivery cycles to support business needs. The document surveys software security operations at several large financial, energy, and technology companies to evaluate how Fortify helps with scan setup, performance, triaging, remediation, and scalability.
Agile Customer Engagement A Longitudinal Qualitative Case StudyJackie Taylor
This document presents a longitudinal case study of a small software product company that transitioned from a waterfall development process to an agile process called Evolutionary Project Management (Evo). The study followed the company over two years and four product releases. It investigated the practicalities, costs, gains, and prerequisites of implementing close customer engagement as the prominent feature of the new Evo process. Through interviews with customers, product management, and developers, the findings indicate that close customer engagement can provide benefits but also comes with costs and requires disciplined management.
New technologies are being brought to the world every day, leading to new testing approaches. Here are a few software testing trends that will rise in 2019.
Similar to Development testing-a-new-era-in-software-quality (20)
QualiTest, the world’s second largest pure play software testing company, acquires the UK’s TCL Group, expanding its global footprint and offering “Rightshore” testing – onshore or offshore, as needed
This document discusses scenario planning that was conducted to develop four scenarios for the telecom market in 2015. It first describes the scenario planning method used, which involved gathering trends through interviews, clustering similar trends, prioritizing the most important trends, determining scenario axes based on the most uncertain and high impact trends, describing the scenarios and strategic options within each scenario. It then provides an overview of the trends identified in the telecom sector. The core of the document presents the four scenarios for 2015 and the role of telecom companies in each scenario. It concludes by defining early warning indicators that could signal which scenario may become reality.
This document provides context on the telecommunications sector. It notes that telecom operators have weathered economic uncertainty and volatility relatively well due to their defensive positioning. However, their future growth is uncertain as investors question the levels of capital expenditure needed to support growth and whether operators or over-the-top players will monetize new offerings. Some positive trends for operators include easing mobile termination rate regulations and a slowing pace of landline decline, but telecom revenues remain linked to employment rates which are trending downward. Overall, operators can benefit from improving performance supported by structural changes, strong cost control, and network sharing.
This document summarizes a study examining primary care patients' access to, use of, and preferences for communication technologies. The study found that while most patients owned cell phones, fewer had home computers or sought health information online. Older individuals, those with government insurance, and racial/ethnic minorities had the lowest technology adoption rates. Additionally, over 60% of patients preferred not to communicate electronically with their doctors through means like the internet, instant messaging, or text messaging. These findings raise concerns about initiatives to enhance doctor-patient relationships through widespread use of communication technologies, as the most vulnerable patient populations may have less access and desire for electronic communication.
The document discusses the growing healthcare industry in the US as an opportunity for entrepreneurs and prospectors. It notes that healthcare spending will account for nearly 20% of the US economy by 2019, creating opportunities for companies. Successful prospectors will need to understand the complex healthcare market, build innovative business models, and determine how to provide value for consumers.
The document summarizes the findings of a study on software testing market trends, service providers, and success factors. Some key findings include:
- Most companies see software testing as important and are optimizing their testing activities, often by increasing outsourcing to external testing specialists. Collaboration with external providers can improve testing flexibility, quality, and cost-efficiency.
- When selecting external testing partners, companies prioritize factors like the ability to achieve objectives, results-oriented pricing models, and linguistic capabilities for global projects.
- SQS is a leading independent testing specialist that offers blended service delivery and transparent performance-based billing. Their competencies align well with what companies are looking for in external testing providers.
This document is a summary of the 2012 HIMSS Leadership Survey results regarding healthcare IT executives' opinions on key IT priorities, issues, security concerns, and budgets. Some of the top findings include that over 70% of respondents identified meeting meaningful use and ICD-10 requirements as top priorities. Nearly half of organizations participate in health information exchanges, and over 90% expect to meet the 2013 ICD-10 deadline. IT staffing shortages were also a concern.
TCL has over 10 years of experience in the telecom industry testing software and systems. The telecom industry is facing rapid changes as networks become digital and customers demand new services. Operators must choose business models to take advantage of opportunities in flexible networks, customer experiences, and global partnerships. TCL can help operators ensure new software and systems support their business strategies during this transformation.
The document discusses the history and evolution of software testing. It then describes TCL, a specialist software testing consultancy founded in 2000. TCL works with uTest, the world's largest marketplace for software testing. TCL aims to develop innovative, structured, and professional software testing solutions through a vision-aligned model.
The document provides an overview of India's telecommunications market in April 2010. It discusses key advantages like low costs, regulations, and subscriber growth. The market has high growth potential with 581 million subscribers in 2010 projected to reach 700 million by 2012. The wireless segment dominates with 93.4% of subscribers compared to wireline. Rural markets and broadband are seen as major future growth areas. Major players include BSNL, Bharti Airtel, Reliance, and Vodafone with wireless and internet services being the largest segments.
The Indian telecom sector has grown exponentially since liberalization began in 1999. Total telephone subscribers have increased from 76 million in 2004 to over 764 million in 2010. However, rural teledensity remains low and broadband penetration needs to increase. The strategic plan aims to provide reliable, affordable connectivity anywhere through developing a strong telecom network with a focus on rural areas, promoting research and indigenous manufacturing, and creating a knowledge-based society through broadband proliferation. Key challenges include the need for policies around FDI, taxes, technology evolution and convergence, and spectrum availability and management to further boost growth.
This survey of CIOs found that while technology is profoundly impacting businesses, few are fully leveraging it for competitive advantage. The top management challenges are cost reduction and budget management. Virtualization and application consolidation are leading technical issues. There is a divide on the importance of software quality processes. Software test automation tools have high dissatisfaction rates due to long setup times and limited coverage despite large investments. Outsourcing of quality processes is increasing along with data security risks.
Consumer demand for technology is predicted to grow in 2012 despite economic headwinds. Record numbers of smartphones and tablets are expected to be purchased, and more computers of all types will likely be bought. Global TV sales may see modest growth overall but will be robust in emerging markets. Even countries with stagnant or mild recession economies should see unit shipment growth, though dollar value may be flat as prices decrease. Lower entry-level prices and a wider range of affordable smartphones should drive demand, especially in emerging markets.
This document discusses how telecommunications providers can become more customer-centric to gain a competitive advantage. It begins by noting the highly competitive nature of the telecom industry and pressure on providers from new entrants. It then discusses how most providers currently take a product-centric approach rather than being customer-centric. The document introduces the concept of calculating customer lifetime value to measure customer profitability and determine where to invest resources. It provides an example calculation of lifetime value for a triple play customer. Shifting to focus on customer performance and calculating lifetime value can help providers improve retention rates and revenue.
TCL was engaged by mobile virtual network operator giffgaff to design and implement end-to-end testing for their launch 5 months before the fixed launch date. TCL proposed a risk-based testing strategy and crowd testing to validate the website usability. On the launch date, some known issues remained but initial feedback was positive and quality remained good, allowing giffgaff to meet business targets. TCL continues to deliver testing services for giffgaff's ongoing releases.
The document discusses a case study of a global telecoms company reducing the costs of its software testing services. It outlines how the company worked with TCL to transition from flexible resourcing to a managed testing service model. This resulted in a 25% reduction in costs the first year and over 35% the second year, while maintaining testing quality. It also allowed 50% of the testing to be done offshore, further reducing costs. The new model provided the telecoms company with increased stability, accountability, and focus on automation from its external testing suppliers.
Indian retailers are struggling as reform hopes are dashed. Future Group, India's largest supermarket operator, is selling assets and scaling back expansion plans. While India has a large population and growing affluence, competition is limited and the retail environment remains tough. A small reform like allowing foreign multi-brand retailers could boost moods, especially for supermarket owners, by benefiting farmers and small producers.
Facebook is reportedly developing a smartphone with former Apple engineers. NBCUniversal is in talks to buy Microsoft's 50% stake in the MSNBC.com joint venture. Box is releasing new enterprise features like company-wide file searching and improved admin controls.
The document describes the TCL Test Process Health Check, which is an independent assessment of an organization's test effectiveness and efficiency. It quantifies the real cost of testing, measures the current testing capability, and benchmarks processes against industry standards to identify improvements. The health check gathers data to provide an objective measurement of the current testing function and recommend suitable changes to processes, operations, learning, business benefits, and financial returns. The results report on quality, cost effectiveness, speed, certainty of delivery, risk prevention, and compliance. Benefits include answering questions about testing quality, optimizing test spend, and achieving best-in-class testing.
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Salesforce Integration for Bonterra Impact Management (fka Social Solutions A...Jeffrey Haguewood
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Taking AI to the Next Level in Manufacturing.pdfssuserfac0301
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Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 6. In this session, we will cover Test Automation with generative AI and Open AI.
UiPath Test Automation with generative AI and Open AI webinar offers an in-depth exploration of leveraging cutting-edge technologies for test automation within the UiPath platform. Attendees will delve into the integration of generative AI, a test automation solution, with Open AI advanced natural language processing capabilities.
Throughout the session, participants will discover how this synergy empowers testers to automate repetitive tasks, enhance testing accuracy, and expedite the software testing life cycle. Topics covered include the seamless integration process, practical use cases, and the benefits of harnessing AI-driven automation for UiPath testing initiatives. By attending this webinar, testers, and automation professionals can gain valuable insights into harnessing the power of AI to optimize their test automation workflows within the UiPath ecosystem, ultimately driving efficiency and quality in software development processes.
What will you get from this session?
1. Insights into integrating generative AI.
2. Understanding how this integration enhances test automation within the UiPath platform
3. Practical demonstrations
4. Exploration of real-world use cases illustrating the benefits of AI-driven test automation for UiPath
Topics covered:
What is generative AI
Test Automation with generative AI and Open AI.
UiPath integration with generative AI
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How to Interpret Trends in the Kalyan Rajdhani Mix Chart.pdfChart Kalyan
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Introduction of Cybersecurity with OSS at Code Europe 2024Hiroshi SHIBATA
I develop the Ruby programming language, RubyGems, and Bundler, which are package managers for Ruby. Today, I will introduce how to enhance the security of your application using open-source software (OSS) examples from Ruby and RubyGems.
The first topic is CVE (Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures). I have published CVEs many times. But what exactly is a CVE? I'll provide a basic understanding of CVEs and explain how to detect and handle vulnerabilities in OSS.
Next, let's discuss package managers. Package managers play a critical role in the OSS ecosystem. I'll explain how to manage library dependencies in your application.
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Driving Business Innovation: Latest Generative AI Advancements & Success StorySafe Software
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Monitoring and Managing Anomaly Detection on OpenShift
Overview
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Development testing-a-new-era-in-software-quality
1. A Forrester Consulting Thought Leadership Paper Commissioned By Coverity
Development Testing: A New Era In Software Quality
Demands For Speed And Innovation Are Driving Quality Earlier Into The Software Development Life
Cycle
November 2011
3. Forrester Consulting
Development Testing: A New Era In Software Quality
Executive Summary
Software is increasingly becoming a key part of any business’ ability to compete. Speed and innovation have risen to the
top of the to-do list for software delivery teams. In parallel, software delivery teams are looking to deliver their
applications on a growing list of platforms and channels. The result is the need to build software faster, demonstrating
more innovation in an environment of increased complexity. Those objectives translate into an ever-changing software
development team that is applying more Agile approaches, using different technologies, and executing different
practices. But what of quality? In August 2011, Coverity commisioned Forrester Consulting to survey firms in North
America and Europe to answer the question, “What are the implications of expanding testing in development, and what
does it mean to development quality?”. The survey targeted IT leaders from more than 200 companies.
Key Findings
Forrester’s study yielded six key findings:
Development testing has dramatically increased in importance. Eighty-seven percent of people surveyed
believe that development testing is more important than it was two years ago, and 97% have plans to increase
their investment in development testing. Respondents cited improved product quality, improved product
security, and cost reduction as the top three items driving their development testing initiatives.
The longer you leave defects, the more they cost. The survey reported that 73% of respondents believe that
increased cost is the most serious consequence of finding defects late in the software development life cycle.
Seventy percent of respondents believe that development testing is more important today because they have an
increased awareness of the time savings of finding and fixing defects during development. Forty-one percent of
respondents cited the ability to resolve defects more quickly as the primary benefit of development testing,
followed by the ability to better meet time-to-market schedule.
Developers are under pressure to deliver innovation quickly to market but must maintain quality. Sixty-four
percent of managers responded that developers are under more pressure today to deliver innovation. Fifty-eight
percent cited increased pressure to deliver faster to the market. Yet developers cannot sacrifice quality for the sake
of speed.
The most important quality measures are subjective in nature. Seventy-seven percent of respondents believe
the number of defects introduced compared with peers is a key measure in the success of a development project.
This reinforces the relative nature of quality that without firm comparisons, development teams continue to look
to their peers to provide context to their results.
Testing is a critical component of the developer’s role and is expanding beyond its traditional definition.
Seventy-nine percent of managers believe testing is a key part of the developer’s role. And the nature of testing
methods deployed during development is expanding beyond unit testing as the sole safety net. The survey
indicates that security (69%), performance (67%), and functional (50%) testing are being undertaken more often
than unit testing (48%).
Collaboration between development and other groups is a problem. Sixty-three percent of managers reported
that a lack of collaboration between QA and development has increased the risk in a project, and 46% of
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4. Forrester Consulting
Development Testing: A New Era In Software Quality
respondents say it has resulted in increased project costs. A lack of visibility and conflicting priorities were cited
as the primary barriers to collaboration.
Delivery capability is not improved by architecture. It comes in a poor fourth after process, skills, and tools.
This highlights the weakness of the discipline and the disconnect by development teams between good
architectures and improved delivery capability. Technical debt, a key measure of software maintainability, was
also not measured by 31% of respondents as a part of project success.
Speed And Innovation Are Driving Quality Earlier In The Life Cycle
The pace of business innovation continues to increase. Forrester has observed that businesses that traditionally took
years to bring new products and services to market now strive for those changes to be introduced in months and
perhaps days. Innovation is also increasingly the responsibility of the software delivery group, with the business looking
to technology to create new products, connect to the customer in different ways, and exploit new information and sales
models (see Figure 1). For many software delivery teams, this has resulted in a fundamental shift in their working
practices.
In a recent survey, Forrester found that more than 38% of developers are using an Agile method, with increased velocity
being cited as the primary reason for such a change.1 Agile encourages cross-functional teams to deliver software while
focused on a common goal. In the same way that Agile methods drive development and the business to have a closer
working relationship, they also encourage the practice of testing to be both started earlier and more integrated. But
starting testing earlier is not just the province of Agile development teams; even delivery organizations that are not
using Agile, when challenged with increased velocity, have a strong focus on quality in development (see Figure 2). The
importance of development quality continues to grow. Eighty-seven percent of organizations surveyed describe an
increase of importance for development testing, with 31% describing that increase as significant. Motivations include
the following:
Finding bugs early saves you time and money later. It may come as no surprise that the majority of
organizations surveyed describe finding bugs earlier as the reason for development testing, with 70% describing
their motivation as time and cost (see Figure 3). The idea that finding bugs earlier has a direct impact on cost and
schedule is nothing new, with Capers Jones describing the impact on software development productivity in his
studies during the ’90s, but without the motivations of increased innovation and speed organizations might not
act on it.
Finding performance and security bugs late can be showstoppers. Security and performance bugs are perhaps
the hardest bugs to fix, and they also have the most impact on the overall architecture of the software. By focusing
on discovering these bugs early, development teams reduce their impact.
Quality, quality, and more quality. Modern users of software have considerably less willingness to put up with
bugs and problems. This is even more important when end customers are using the software. Customer
experience is increasingly including not only physical interactions and the product but also electronic channels. It
is therefore crucial that quality is baked into the application from day 1.
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5. Forrester Consulting
Development Testing: A New Era In Software Quality
Figure 1
Innovation And Speed Are The Biggest Pressures For Development
“Are development teams under more pressure to deliver the following today compared with two years ago?”
Significantly more pressure today More pressure today About the same today Less today Not sure
More innovation 35% 24% 27% 6% 8%
Higher-quality code 26% 24% 27% 14% 10%
Faster time-to-market 26% 32% 24% 15% 4%
More complex solutions 18% 30% 24% 19% 9%
Base: 258 IT decision-makers in organizations that develop software
Source: A commissioned study conducted by Forrester Consulting on behalf of Coverity, September 2011
Figure 2
Agile And Traditional Development Approaches Value Development Quality
“Are development teams under more pressure to deliver the following today compared with two years ago?”
“Higher quality code”
Significantly more pressure today 30% 20%
Agile —
More pressure today 20% 28% base: 141
About the same today 26% 27% Not using
Agile —
base: 117
Less today 14% 15%
Not sure 9% 10%
Base: 258 total IT decision-makers in organizations that develop software
Source: A commissioned study conducted by Forrester Consulting on behalf of Coverity, September 2011
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6. Forrester Consulting
Development Testing: A New Era In Software Quality
Figure 3
Increased Savings Of Time And Money Drive Development Quality
“Why is testing code during development more important today?”
Increase awareness of the time savings of f inding and f ixing def ects early in
70%
the lif e cycle
Increased pressure on the development group to f ind and f ix def ects 43%
Increased awareness of the cost savings of f inding and f ixing def ects during
40%
development
Increased awareness that not all code def ects can be f ound in traditional
f unctional or perf ormance testing processes perf ormed by a dedicated QA 25%
team
Conf orming to certain mandates or compliance initiatives 10%
Didn't really know about it bef ore and now do 5%
Because the management told us it was more important 1%
Base: 225 IT decision-makers in organizations that develop software
Source: A commissioned study conducted by Forrester Consulting on behalf of Coverity, September 2011
Finding Defects Later Costs Money And Affects Speed
It comes as no surprise to anyone involved in software that the longer a defect is left undiscovered and resolved, the
more money, effort, and time it takes to fix. Defects, unlike fine wine, do not age well. But with increased pressures on
the development team to deliver more innovative software faster, it often seems much more prudent to leave discovery
of defects until a fixed point, allocating focused time on their discovery and resolution. This process may even be given
a cool name such as “hardening sprint” or “quality smackdown.” Barry Boehm and Philip Papaccio found that an error
created early in the life cycle and not fixed costs you 50 to 200 times more to fix later in the life cycle than if fixed in the
stage it was created.2 What is more telling is not the cost but the architectural impact of late discovery. As time pressures
become more pressing later in the project, defect fixes tend to be scrappier. Architectural rules, so easily followed in the
earlier stages of the life cycle, suddenly look like an overhead when everyone is watching the clock.
Innovation Is Not Just About Adding More Stuff
When many organizations think about innovation, they focus on adding new capabilities and functions. But innovation
is also about building software that is easy to change and flexible to use (see Figure 4). Increasing software flexibility is a
key characteristic of the value of addressing technical debt, a metaphor for describing the value of improving not only
what the software is but also how it does it. Technical debt is the cost incurred to change the software, which, if left, will
only increase. Increasing architectural flexibility is a key characteristic of technical debt, with debt being the metaphor
to describe the increased cost, time, and effort to make changes to the software. Increased technical debt:
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7. Forrester Consulting
Development Testing: A New Era In Software Quality
Slows down time-to-market. The more complex the solution, the harder it is to change but also to test. For
example, many organizations’ legacy systems have evolved to a point where the only way to know what your
change has impacted is to test the software and see what breaks. This increased test burden makes the process of
delivery harder and harder.
Makes it harder to swap out resources. The more complex the solution, the harder it is to describe. That leads to
organizations having to rely on certain key workers who have a strong knowledge of a particular system and
makes changing staff or managing transitions increasingly hard.
Reduces the overall value of the software. Software is like any other asset within an organization and,
unfortunately, may depreciate if not maintained. As the cost of making a change increases, the return on that
change reduces. At a certain point, the cost will outweigh the value and make it hard to justify change. Innovative
ideas will stall because the cost of change is so hard, thus making the initial investment a significant barrier.
Figure 4
Making Factors Affect Improving Delivery
“What are the factors currently preventing your development teams from delivering the following?
(Select all that apply)”
To deliver: Top factor preventing delivery %
Faster time-to-market Lack of connection with the business 44%
Development teams are siloed. 40%
Not enough time to test 38%
More innovation Existing technical debt 52%
More complex solutions Lack of visibility and control over projects 40%
Lack of collaboration between
Higher-quality code/more innovation 39%
development and QA
Legacy software makes developer testing
Higher-quality code 39%
really hard.
Base: 258 IT decision-makers in organizations that develop software
(Only top factors shown)
Source: A commissioned study conducted by Forrester Consulting on behalf of Coverity, September 2011
Security, Complexity, And Functional Quality Affect Long-Term Viability
The project culture that exists in many software delivery organizations encourages many teams to forget that software
has a long shelf life. Software older than three years is the norm, with more than 28% working on software that is older
than five years (see Figure 5). Like many Hollywood actresses, software only ages well when treated with great care. But
considering how long software lives, for many organizations, many of the things that are important to manage age are
ignored or underinvested in, such as:
Documentation. If the software has to be maintained then it is crucial that documentation describing the form
and function of that software is maintained. For many development teams, documentation is considered as an
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Development Testing: A New Era In Software Quality
afterthought, being left until the last minute or considered an ancillary task undertaken by more junior members
of the team.
Consistent staff. Without strong documentation, it is important to keep teams together, allowing tacit
knowledge to support the maintenance of the software. However, the majority of software delivery organizations
follow a project-based approach, moving resources as necessary to accommodate the project. This results in a
transient culture for software teams with lack of ownership for the software assets they work on.
The architecture. Like any good city, it is easier to navigate the software when it follows a good plan. However,
the majority of organizations do not measure the software’s adherence to the plan in a formal way, relying on
code reviews and the role of the architect to ensure compliance. These tests are subjective and allow human
factors to creep into the evaluation.
Figure 5
Old And Large Is The Norm For Software
“On average, how large are the “On average, how old are the applications you
applications that you are building?” are working with?”
More than 20 million lines of
7% More than eight years old 7%
code
More than 10 million but less
9% More than five years but
than 20 million lines of code 21%
less than eight years old
More than 5.01 million but less
36%
than 10 million lines of code More than three years but
28%
less than five years old
More than 1.01 million but less
29%
than 5 million lines of code
More than a year but less
38%
More than 501,000 but less than than three years old
15%
1 million lines of code
Less than a year old 7%
Less than 500,000 lines of code 4%
Base: 258 IT decision-makers in organizations that develop software
Source: A commissioned study conducted by Forrester Consulting on behalf of Coverity, September 2011
The Relationship Between Development And Testing Is Changing
With increased speed and innovation, the relationship between testing and development is changing from one of a
service to a partnership. The lines between testing and development have blurred. Developers are doing more testing,
and testers are being involved much earlier in the life cycle. Testing and quality are now considered a key part of the
developer’s role (see Figure 6). The extension of the role allows developers to extend the reach of testing, including
additional tests focused on performance, security, and service. It also enables quality professionals to utilize the skills of
developers in building more comprehensive automation suites.
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9. Forrester Consulting
Development Testing: A New Era In Software Quality
Figure 6
Test Is A Crucial Role For Development
“Is testing considered a key part of the developer’s role?”
Yes 73%
Sometimes 20%
No 6%
Unsure 1%
Base: 258 IT decision-makers in organizations that develop software
Source: A commissioned study conducted by Forrester Consulting on behalf of Coverity, September 2011
Developers Are Measured For Today, Not Tomorrow
Though software quality is a key responsibility of the developer, there is a tendency to focus on the immediate rather
than the long-term quality. Business-driven quality measures are often ignored in favor of comparative measures with
other development teams and a strong focus on their own related defects (see Figure 7). Functional, performance, and
security tests are the emphasis of development testing (see Figure 8). Longer-term views of the software in the areas of
usability and flexibility are ignored. Software is rarely short-term, with many software systems having longer tenure
than the people who work on them. Installing a long-term view to developer quality ensures that:
Complexity does not get out of hand. Without clear guidelines on complexity, it is very easy for development
teams to increase the complexity of the system without any regard to the impact of that complexity. Measures
such as cyclomatic complexity and approaches that focus on high cohesion and low coupling help development
teams understand the impact of the changes they are making.
Defect numbers trend down. Absolute measures on defects provide little reference for development teams. It is
therefore crucial to see relative improvement in quality. Trending information is a great mechanism to compare a
team’s overall quality today with where it was, with a view to continually improve quality.
Customer insight is not ignored. Without clear insight into how effectively customers use the product, it is
difficult for developers to have a clear idea of the overall quality of the product. In the absence of real customer
data, measures provided by operations and support can provide a proxy for real usage information.
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10. Forrester Consulting
Development Testing: A New Era In Software Quality
Figure 7
Development Quality Focuses On Comparison Of Peers
“Are the following factors incorporated in measuring the success of your development project?”
Yes No Don't know
Number of defects introduced compared with peers 77% 19% 4%
Number of own defects fixed 72% 26% 2%
Number of total defects fixed regardless of defect owner 71% 27% 2%
Number of escalations due to software defects 69% 28% 3%
Reduction in number of defects from previous release 66% 30% 4%
Reduction of technical debt 64% 31% 4%
Base: 258 IT decision-makers in organizations that develop software
Source: A commissioned study conducted by Forrester Consulting on behalf of Coverity, September 2011
Figure 8
Security And Performance Testing
“What sort of testing are developers doing?”
Security testing 69%
Performance testing 67%
Functional testing 50%
Integration testing 50%
Unit testing 48%
Peer reviews 11%
Base: 240 IT decision-makers in organizations that develop software
Source: A commissioned study conducted by Forrester Consulting on behalf of Coverity, September 2011
Developers Are Not The Only People Doing Testing During Development
The term “development testing” often leads us to believe that the focus is developers doing testing when in fact, the
word “development” is meant to signify the stage of the life cycle or, in the case of Agile, the work that happens within a
sprint. Development testing, like many activities during a project, is a team sport, with many team members working
on it. Developers are a key resource, but their skills are augmented with professional QA practitioners, business
analysts, and software architects (see Figure 9). The whole team shares the objective of increasing the quality of the
software, with different practitioners doing tasks that make the most sense to them. For example, developers might
spend time creating performance and security scripts, while QA professionals build out the functional testing
environment or create test data. This partnership model allows for great flexibility and ensures that the right resources
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Development Testing: A New Era In Software Quality
are involved. But it also encourages a real team-based approach with shared goals and collaborative working
environments.
Figure 9
Testing Happens During Development In Many Different Forms
“Are you testing code for software defects during development? (Select all that apply)”
Yes, we have specific role/function dedicated to testing
64%
code during development (a centralized team)
Yes, the developers test their own code/components
55%
during development
Yes, QA is part of the team and does all the testing 35%
No, developers do not test any code during development 2%
Base: 258 IT decision-makers in organizations that develop software
Source: A commissioned study conducted by Forrester Consulting on behalf of Coverity, September 2011
Future State Requires Collaborative, Automated, Integrated Test Practices
It is clear that leaving testing to the end of the life cycle and disconnecting this from the practice of software
development only has a negative impact on the project. But to optimize the software manufacturing process requires a
change to technology, roles, and organizational models. It also requires delivery teams to focus on measures and
metrics that encourage collaboration and aligned software delivery efforts to business value. It is far too easy for
development organizations to invest in development testing without that investment being aligned to value. Code
coverage is an example of a development testing practice that can generate large amounts of work with diminishing
returns. By setting test coverage levels that are nearly complete, development teams will spend a great deal of time
building tests to cover each bit of code — code that might be simple, infrequently used, or tested in some other way. It is
therefore crucial that development testing is considered in a holistic way, focusing on practices that provide a balance
between value and effort.
Automate The Simple Tasks To Ensure Consistency And Visibility
The delivery team undertakes many algorithmic tasks — in particular, in the areas of build, configure, and deploy. By
focusing on the routine tasks, automating and providing dashboards, delivery teams can increase the consistency of
these tasks while ensuring that the team has visibility of what is happening. This principle holds even truer when the
team is distributed. Distribution increases the lack of transparency in the project and reduces the overall amount of
trust. By automating tasks, distributed teams will get consistent outcomes across locations. In the area of development
quality, automation should focus on:
Continuous integration (CI). CI is a growing trend within the broad development community, and 65% of the
people surveyed are using CI on their development work. Though 65% sounds like a great number, it means that
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Development Testing: A New Era In Software Quality
more than 30% are not (see Figure 10). By increasing the frequency of integration that CI provides, delivery teams
will improve their visibility of the overall quality of the software. Integration issues build problems, and code
conflicts will be front and center, allowing these problems to be resolved.
Integrating testing into CI. Once the delivery team has built the foundation of frequent build and integration,
the next logical step is to integrate development testing into that process. Automatically executing unit tests as
part of the regular process allows teams to test not only their code but also their code in the context of other
people’s code. Code that worked so well in the developer’s sandbox may suddenly stop working or behave in
strange ways when connected to a much more complex set of changes.
Guarding entry to CI with instrumentation. Code coverage and static code analysis provide great ways of
ensuring that the code that enters the CI process is of an appropriate quality. This ensures that the team does not
spend wasted time dealing with immature code or incomplete tests. By using instrumentation to gate the process
of CI, delivery teams increase the value of the CI process, removing many of the time-consuming simple issues
that often plague its use.
Figure 10
Continuous Integration Is A Key Development Quality Practice
“Do you use continuous integration?” “Is developer testing incorporated into your CI
process?”*
Don't Don't know,
know, 1%
5% No, 8%
No, 31%
Yes, Yes, 91%
65%
Base: 258 IT decision-makers in organizations that develop software
*Base: 167 IT decision-makers in organizations that use CI
Source: A commissioned study conducted by Forrester Consulting on behalf of Coverity, September 2011
Collaboration Between QA, Operations, And Development Is Key
Software quality, by its very nature, is an abstract concept determined not by machines but by its stakeholders.
Developers, managers, business analysts, product owners, and quality professionals all have strong ideas of what quality
means, and they express those quality definitions in their test plans and acceptance criteria. In development, those test
plans form the basis of development testing activities such as unit testing and integration/architecture testing. QA
builds separate sets of test plans, which describe quality from its perspective (see Figure 11). Operations, which may
have its own preproduction tests, creates its own definition. Often, each of these groups operates as silos. By increasing
the collaboration between the groups and connecting QA and operations to development quality, delivery teams will
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Development Testing: A New Era In Software Quality
fundamentally reduce the risk to the project (see Figure 12). Improving collaboration between QA, operations, and
development requires the following:
Use consistent deployment models within CI. Forrester has observed within many delivery organizations that
deploying to integration test uses one deployment protocol, deploying to preproduction another, with the final
production deployment using a completely different approach. This inconsistency leads to a large number of
errors, with some organizations describing about 30% of production tickets being related to infrastructure
inconsistencies. By using consistent processes and tools, it is possible to increase quality and reduce time wasted
trying to resolve issues that are only issues because of inconsistent deployment models.
Put in place dashboards that everyone can view. Nobody likes surprises, and often, the relationship between
these groups is one of the surprises. Development surprises QA with incomplete software. QA surprises
operations with what is in the release and how long it has to deploy it. Operations surprises development with
production tickets and scheduling conflicts. By having clear dashboards that are shared by both parties, it is
possible to reduce those surprises and encourage collaboration between those organizations.
Access to development quality results after software is live. Understanding how the software runs in
production and then sharing that with QA and development teams really help provide context for any change
decisions going forward. It also allows QA to prioritize tests based on actual usage patterns.
Figure 11
Conflicting Priorities Are Top Inhibitors Of Collaboration
“If there is a lack of collaboration between QA and development, what were the biggest inhibitors
to effective collaboration between QA and development?”
First Second Third
Conflicting priorities for QA and development teams
37% 31% 33%
(base: 196)
Developers don't prioritize potential defects found by QA
36% 36% 28%
(base: 200)
QA lacks visibility into the changes made during
35% 29% 35%
development (base: 178)
Different tools being used (base: 158) 26% 37% 37%
No formal process (base: 42) 24% 33% 43%
Base: IT decision-makers in organizations that develop software
Source: A commissioned study conducted by Forrester Consulting on behalf of Coverity, September 2011
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Figure 12
Increasing Collaboration With Operations Will Reduce Development Risk
“Has a lack of collaboration between development and operations ever resulted in any of the following:”
Increased risk in a project 56%
Increased project cost 46%
Delays in time-to-market 32%
Impact to customer satisfaction 19%
We do not have this problem 9%
Base: 258 IT decision-makers in organizations that develop software
Source: A commissioned study conducted by Forrester Consulting on behalf of Coverity, September 2011
Technical Debt Is Measured
Quality is a long-term rather than a short-term attribute of the software. It is far too easy to focus delivery teams on
short-term quality measures such as functionality or performance. Long-term value also needs to be measured,
reflected on, and if appropriate, acted upon. “Technical debt” is a term used to describe this long-term software quality.
By putting in place practices that measure that debt with a process for dealing with its results, software delivery teams
will actively manage the long-term quality of the software over time. To implement a technical debt practice within
development quality, software professionals should:
Educate themselves on what technical debt is and why it is important. Without a clear understanding of the
impact of technical debt, it is very hard for practitioners to invest time and effort into its resolution. As time
pressures mount, doing work that does not directly improve delivery for today is hard to justify. By having a good
understanding of the long-term impact of that debt, it equips software delivery pros with tools to balance the
short-term needs with the long-term objectives. For the majority of people, no one wants to do a bad job, but the
trick is knowing what “bad” is, and technical debt adds to that understanding.
Measure debt and report on it. For many organizations, technical debt is an abstract concept associated with
style, comments, and architectural models. These concepts, though valid, are often hard to make tangible. Not
only does this make it hard to execute on reducing technical debt, but making the tradeoffs between change today
and change in the future is also really hard to make. By having a tool that clearly provides a set of metrics
associated with debt, software delivery pros can get a clear understanding of the state of their debt and review
how it is changing over time (see Figure 13).
Balance working on debt items versus new functionality. The key to success is not to build perfect code but
instead to make intelligent decisions about the level of perfection versus getting the software out the door. On a
project, these decisions are made at many levels, ranging from at an application or product level to individual
lines of code within one component or service. Peer review helps provide a mechanism to review the majority of
the decisions, allowing peers to discuss the quality of the code and its impact. By using objective metrics within
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that peer review, software delivery pros can base those discussions on some level of fact rather than just stylistic
considerations.
Figure 13
Measuring Technical Debt
“Do you measure technical debt?” “How is technical debt measured?”*
Don't know
what Code integrity
57%
technical tools
debt is, 4%
Code review 65%
Comments in code 44%
No, 41%
Yes, 55% Sampling of code 28%
Architectural
8%
review
Base: 258 IT decision-makers in organizations that develop software
*Base: 143 IT decision-makers in organizations that measure technical debt
Source: A commissioned study conducted by Forrester Consulting on behalf of Coverity, September 2011
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KEY RECOMMENDATIONS
It is clear that software delivery is becoming more important and more complex. Software that traditionally was hidden
from customers is now front and center to their lives. Software is not just running businesses, but for many, it is running the
relationship between the customer and that business. It is the place for innovation and value. But that requires software
delivery organizations to fundamentally change their way of thinking about the processes, skills, and tools being employed
to deliver that software. By moving quality earlier in the life cycle, software delivery pros can build software of a higher
quality but more importantly, deliver innovative software faster. To introduce a more robust developer quality practice:
Educate developers on testing and quality. Testing and quality are a key responsibility of developers, but for
many, their testing skills were picked up while doing other things. In fact, for many, testing is considered to be a
sign of weakness or a discipline practiced by developers who cannot develop. These ideas need to dispelled, with
developers not only being educated on great practices for development quality but also understanding why it will
help their career and professional development.
Automate with tools, and connect them into your build and release process. As delivery velocity and
complexity increases, it is very difficult to measure development quality without using tools. Those tools provide
objective measures that can help drive behavior within the delivery team. By using this information, it is possible to
better enable the CI process, allowing CI to only select code that has achieved a certain level of quality. This reduces
the amount of churn in integration testing, reducing the number of false defects and wasted time.
Integrate the life cycle for information sharing. Quality is not an abstract concept but should be something very
tangible to both the developer and the delivery team. By treating development quality as a first-class citizen within
the ALM tools and sharing it in the same way that code and requirements are being shared, software delivery teams
get a better understanding of the applications and the state they are in.
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17. Forrester Consulting
Development Testing: A New Era In Software Quality
Appendix A: Methodology
In this study, Forrester conducted an online survey of 258 IT decision-makers in the US, Canada, the UK, Germany,
and France to evaluate trends in development testing. Survey participants included decision-makers in organizations
that develop code in-house or commercially. Questions provided to the participants asked about testing practices,
development methods being used, technical debt, and areas that developers are measured against. Respondents were
offered a small incentive as a “thank you” for time spent on the survey. The study began in August 2011 and was
completed in the same month.
Appendix B: Demographics
Figure A
Country And Company Size Profile
“In which country are you located?” “Using your best estimate, how many employees work
for your firm/organization worldwide?”
Germany,
12% 20,000 or 500 to 999
US, 53%
more employees
employees (medium
France, (Global to large),
13% 2000), 32%
19%
5,000 to
19,999
UK, 12% employees
(very
1,000 to
large),
4,999
20% employees
Canada,
11% (large),
29%
Base: 258 IT decision-makers in organizations that develop software
Source: A commissioned study conducted by Forrester Consulting on behalf of Coverity, September 2011
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18. Forrester Consulting
Development Testing: A New Era In Software Quality
Figure B
Industry Profile
For which industry are you currently developing software (Please include your own industry if you do in-house development)?
Manufacturing 17%
Financial Services 17%
Computer hardware (e.g., storage box) 15%
Consumer electronics 8%
Retail 7%
Healthcare/life sciences 7%
Government 6%
Transportation & hospitality 6%
Energy 5%
Other (please specify) 4%
Communications, Media and Entertainment 4%
Mobile 3%
Automotive 1%
Base: 258 IT decision-makers in organizations that develop software
Source: A commissioned study conducted by Forrester Consulting on behalf of Coverity, September 2011
Figure C
Role Profile
“Which of the following most closely reflects your job function?”
Development manager 24%
Program manager 17%
Software developer 17%
Business decision-maker and executives (e.g., CTO, CMO, CFO,
14%
COO, CEO)
Product manager 9%
Software quality assurance (including testing) 9%
Software architect 7%
Security testing or security auditing 5%
Base: 258 IT decision-makers in organizations that develop software
Source: A commissioned study conducted by Forrester Consulting on behalf of Coverity, September 2011
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19. Forrester Consulting
Development Testing: A New Era In Software Quality
Figure D
Types Of Software Being Produced
What kind of software is your firm currently producing? (Select all that apply)
Web based applications 63%
Consumer software 62%
Embedded software 53%
B2B Enterprise software 51%
Cloud based applications 48%
Base: 258 IT decision-makers in organizations that develop software
Source: A commissioned study conducted by Forrester Consulting on behalf of Coverity, September 2011
Appendix C: Endnotes
1
Read about adoption and the implication to Agile in “It’s Time To Take Agile To The Next Level,” Forrester Research,
Inc., March 25, 2011.
2
A great book on the whole economics of software engineering that describes the cost model is Software Engineering
Economics by Barry W. Boehm.
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