Why are 21st Century Skills so important? Fundamental change in the socio-economic field Global citizenship The growth of a knowledge society Knowledge-Economy The digital age The changing nature of work Knowledge-based workers How to Develop 21 st century skills through Education? Useful pedagogical designs Pedagogical strategies to integrate 21st-century skills into teaching-learning practice. Mindful assessment Meaningful Feedback

1. Dr. Mahesh H. Koltame
Assistant professor, PVDT College of Education
for Women, SNDT Women’s University,
Mumbai, INDIA

2. Warm-Up activity
In the last 20 years, what does the
main change happened that is
leading to a re-examination of
teaching and learning?
Let’s go to
www.menti.c
om and use
the code
524448
8/10/2020
Dr. Mahesh Koltame 2

3. Content Outline
▪ Why are 21st Century Skills so important?
✓Fundamental change in the socio-economic field
✓ Global citizenship
✓ The growth of a knowledge society
✓ Knowledge Economy
✓ The digital age
✓ The changing nature of work
✓ Knowledge-based workers
▪ How to Develop 21st century skills through Education?
✓Useful pedagogical designs
✓Pedagogical strategies to integrate 21st-century skills into
teaching-learning practice.
✓Mindful assessment
✓Meaningful Feedback
▪ Interaction through question answers
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4. Why are 21st Century Skills so important?
today's life is exponentially more complicated
and complex then it was 50 years ago. This is a
true for civic life and also much as it is for work
life. In the 21st century, citizenship requires
certain level of information and technology
literacy that go far beyond the basic knowledge
that was sufficient in the past.
"The illiterate of the 21st century will not be the
ones who can not red and write but those who can
not learn and unlearn and relearn" by-Alvin Toffler
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5. Why are 21st Century Skills so important?
✓Global citizenship:
▪ It refers to a broad, culturally and
environmentally inclusive worldview that
accepts the fundamental
interconnectedness of all things. Political,
geographic borders become irrelevant and
solutions to today's challenges are seen to
be beyond the narrow vision of national
interests.
▪ Its recognizing that the world is a global
community and respecting the rights of
others, while fulfilling our responsibility to
protect those rights and the world.
This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA
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6. Why are 21st Century Skills so important?
✓The growth of a knowledge society:
▪ "A knowledge society is a society that is nurtured by its diversity and
its capacities "UNESCO world report 2005
▪ A knowledge society generates, shares and makes available to all
members of the society knowledge that may be used to improve the
human condition.
▪ Academic versus applied knowledge
▪ knowledge is fundamental to the politics, economics, and culture of
in modern society
▪ Education is viewed as a basic human right.
▪ In these circumstances, the skill of learning to learn is one of the
most important tools to help people acquire formal and informal
education.
▪ Educational credentials determine income and status.
▪ In a knowledge society, education is not restricted to school.
This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC
BY-NC-ND
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7. Why are 21st Century Skills so important?
✓Knowledge Economy:
▪ Knowledge is a commodity to be traded
for economic prosperity
▪ An economy where wealth is created
through the effective management of
knowledge workers instead of by the
efficient control of physical and financial
assets.
▪ Businesses and individuals who use
research, education, new ideas, and
information technologies for practical
purposes.
▪ a society no longer based primarily on the
production of material goods but instead
on the production of knowledge
This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY
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8. ✓ The digital
age
Why are 21st Century Skills so important?
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9. Why are 21st Century Skills so important?
✓ICT Driven Society:
▪ The evolution of the internet from Web 1.0 to Web 2.0
offered individuals tools to connect with each other
worldwide as well as become content users and
producers.
▪ The advent of ICT allows learners to seek information
and develop knowledge at any time and any place
where access is available and unrestricted.
▪ Innovation in digital technologies and mobile devices
offers individuals a means to connect anywhere
anytime where digital technologies are accessible.
▪ Tools of ICT have the potential to transform education,
training, employment and access to life-sustaining
resources for all members of society.
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10. Why are 21st Century Skills so important?
Source: A.W. (TONY) BATES, Teaching-in-a-Digital-Age
✓ The changing nature of work
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11. Why are 21st Century Skills so important?
✓Knowledge-based workers:
There are certain common features of knowledge-based workers in a digital age:
▪ They work in small companies (less than 10 people).
▪ they sometimes own their own business,
▪ they often work on contract or are self-employed,
▪ the nature of their work tends to change over time,
▪ they are digitally smart or at least competent digitally;
▪ because they often work for themselves or in small companies, they play many
roles;
▪ they depend heavily on informal social networks to bring in business and to
keep up to date with current trends in their area of work;
▪ they need to keep on learning to stay on top in their work, and they need to
manage that learning for themselves;
Above all, they need to be flexible, to adapt to rapidly changing
conditions around them.
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12. Employability of Indian graduates
▪ Employability Survey 2019 report by Aspiring
Minds reveals that 80% of Indian engineers are
not fit for any job in the knowledge economy
and only 2.5% of them possess tech skills in
Artificial Intelligence (AI) that industry requires.
▪ India Skills Report finds 46.21% of students
employable
▪ 9 out of 10 startups fail.
What is going wrong?
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13. Interaction time
Write down a list of skills you would expect
students to develop as a result of studying your
courses.
1------------------------------------------------------------
2------------------------------------------------------------
3------------------------------------------------------------
4------------------------------------------------------------
5------------------------------------------------------------
Let’s go to
www.menti.co
m and use the
code 570376
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14. Thus teachers and instructors are facing a massive challenge of
change
Q1. How can we ensure that we are developing the kinds of graduates from
our courses of school and colleges that are fit for an increasingly volatile,
uncertain, complex and ambiguous future?
Q.2. What should we continue in our teaching methods, and what needs to
change?
In next 40 minutes I will try to answer these questions
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15. 21st century skills
The skills required in a knowledge society include
the following (adapted from Conference Board of
Canada, 2014)
▪ Communications skills;
▪ the ability to learn independently;
▪ ethics and responsibility:
▪ teamwork and flexibility:
▪ thinking skills (critical thinking, problem-solving,
creativity, originality, strategizing);
▪ digital skills;
▪ knowledge management.
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16. 21st century skills (OECD & P21)
Life and Career Skills
• Flexibility & Adaptability
• Initiative & Self-Direction
• Social & Cross-Cultural Skills
• Productivity & Accountability
• Leadership & Responsibility
Learning & Innovation
Skills
• Critical Thinking &
Problem Solving
• Communication
• Collaboration
• Creativity & Innovation
Information, Media & Technology
Skills
• Information Literacy
• Media Literacy
• ICT (Information,
Communications &
Technology) Literacy
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17. Interaction time
▪ The 21st-century teacher needs the following
experts. Out of 100 points, how much points
will you give to the following?
a) Subject expertise
b) Pedagogical expertise
c) Digital expertise
As more academic content becomes openly and freely available, students will look
increasingly to their local institutions for support with their learning, rather than for the
delivery of content. This puts a greater focus on teaching skills and less on subject
expertise.
Let’s go to
www.menti.co
m and use the
code 434057
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18. Different perspectives on teaching
▪ Dan Pratt (1998) studied 253 teachers of adults, across five different countries, and
identified ‘five qualitatively different perspectives on teaching,… presenting each
perspective as a legitimate view of teaching‘:
▪ Transmission: effective delivery of content (an objectivist approach).
▪ Apprenticeship: modelling ways of being (learning by doing under
supervision).
▪ Developmental: cultivating ways of thinking (constructivist/cognitivist)
▪ Nurturing: facilitating self-efficacy (a fundamental tenet of
connectivist MOOCs).
▪ Social reform: seeking a better society.
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19. Basic things keep in mind for skill development
▪ Skills development is relatively context-specific.
▪ Learners need practice.
▪ Skills are often best learned in relatively small steps.
▪ Learners need feedback on a regular basis to learn skills quickly and effectively.
▪ Appropriate intervention is useful.
▪ Skills development is much more tied to specific teaching approaches and
technologies.
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20. Design for 21st century skill development
Reflect
Practice
Learn
Developm
ent of 21st
century
skills
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21. Useful pedagogical Models and designs
▪ Teaching methods need to be used that help to develop and transfer specific skills
that serve both the purposes of knowledge development and dissemination, while at
the same time preparing graduates for work in a knowledge-based society.
• Classroom
Teaching model
✓Learning by
listing
19th century
model
• Classroom
Teaching-learning
model
✓Learning by listing
✓Learning by talking
20th century
Model
• Blended and open learning model
✓Learning by talking
✓Learning by doing
✓Learning by experience
✓Learning by feeling
✓Learning by reflection
✓Online learning by MOOCs
21st century
model
Behaviourism
Cognitivism
Constructivism Connectivism
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22. Classroom Teaching model
▪Learning by listing
➢Transmissive lectures
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23. Classroom Teaching model
This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA
▪ learning by talking
➢Interactive lectures,
➢seminars, and
➢Tutorials
➢Symposium
➢Conversation
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24. Blended and open learning model
▪ Learning by Inquiry
➢Question answer method
➢Debate
➢Dialog method
➢Case based Inquiry
➢Think pair-shear
➢Problem solving
➢coached problem solving
➢project based learning
This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA
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25. Blended and open learning model
▪Learning by doing
▪ Apprenticeship: learning by doing (01)
➢ Apprenticeship and internship in real learning
environments
➢ Apprenticeship in online learning environments
▪ Experiential learning: learning by doing (2)
➢ laboratory, workshop or studio work;
➢ problem-based learning;
➢ case-based learning;
➢ project-based learning;
➢ inquiry-based learning;
➢ cooperative (work- or community-based) learning.
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26. Blended and open learning model
▪ Learning by collaboration:
➢ Group project
➢ Collaborative problem
solving activities
➢ Small group discussions
➢ Group discussion
➢ Exhibition
➢ Role play
➢ The jigsaw method
➢ Simulations
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27. Core design principles of CL
▪ Harasim emphasises the importance of
three key phases of knowledge
construction through discourse:
▪ idea generating: this is literally
brainstorming, to collect the divergent
thinking within a group;
▪ idea organising: this is where learners
compare, analyse and categorise the
different ideas previously generated,
again through discussion and argument;
▪ intellectual convergence: the aim here is
to reach a level of intellectual synthesis,
understanding and consensus (including
agreeing to disagree), usually through the
joint construction of some artefact or
piece of work, such as an essay or
assignment.
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28. Blended and open learning model
▪ Learning by reflection:
“We do not learn from experience... we learn from
reflecting on experience.”
― John Dewey
➢ Reflective diary writing
➢ Reflective discussion with focus questions
➢ Reflective poster presentation
➢ Portfolio preparation
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29. The nurturing models of teaching
▪ Learning by feeling
‘We expect ‘successful’ parents to understand and empathize with their
child; and that they will provide kind, compassionate, and loving
guidance through content areas of utmost difficulty….The nurturing
educator works with other issues…in different contexts and different
age groups, but the underlying attributes and concerns remain the
same. Learners’ efficacy and self-esteem issues become the ultimate
criteria against which learning success is measured, rather than
performance-related mastery of a content body.‘
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30. Interaction 4
• What do you do as an teacher that
enables students to practice or
develop the 21st century skills?
Let’s go to
www.menti.c
om and use
the code
719466
8/10/2020
Dr. Mahesh Koltame 30

31. Thank you!
mahesh.koltame@pvdt.sndt.ac.in
+91-9923917066
www.linkedin.com/in/dr-mahesh-koltame-aa30681a2
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