Developing Country Case Study: Economics of Universal Mobile Access in Rwanda
•Download as PPTX, PDF•
0 likes•37 views
This document discusses regulating network industries using evidence from Rwanda's mobile phone network. It finds that: 1) Taxing mobile networks has spillover effects, and ignoring network effects can underestimate the true welfare cost of taxes by over $1 per $1 raised. 2) Universal service obligations that require remote area coverage provide benefits not just to those areas but to cities as well, with over 75% of the benefits accruing to individuals unaffected by the expanded coverage. 3) Introducing competition into a mobile network can have complex effects, lowering prices but also potentially reducing network effects and business stealing, with models finding that competition may increase welfare by over 1% of GDP.
Report
Share
Report
Share
Recommended
Observatory summary outcomes
This document discusses the potential of mobile applications for improving agriculture in rural communities. It outlines an observatory in 2010 that aimed to identify key ICT issues and strategies for using mobile applications to deliver agricultural services. The observatory examined several case studies of existing mobile apps for tasks like livestock market information, disease monitoring, recording indigenous knowledge, and accessing climate data. It also discusses policy issues around regulators and governments not fully understanding information technology, and provides recommendations like supporting organizations to study policies and regulations and highlight gender issues regarding technology adoption.
ASM Final Project
- Pursuant to Indonesian regulations, telecommunications operations and frequency spectrum usage require ministerial permits, and violations may face criminal penalties.
- The Minister determines policies and regulates, supervises, and controls frequency spectrum usage. Shared frequency usage between operators in Indonesia has not been regulated.
- Spectrum sharing could impact competition between operators and requires further study. Regulations do not explain how usage fees would be paid if operators share frequencies.
THE ABSENCE OF INFORMATION COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY (ICT) POLICIES AND TECHNO...
In my final project I had the absence of information communication technology (ICT) policies and technological development in Somalia.
Internet governance and digital divide Ahmad Waleed Khaliqi Shamsullah Sham...
AfSIG 2017 was the first edition of Afghanistan School on Internet Governance Organized by National IT Professionals Association of Afghanistan (NITPAA)
Encuentro en México 2010 - Dmitri Ypsilanti
The document discusses several key points about broadband access and social gaps:
1) Existing evidence shows that increased broadband penetration can contribute to economic growth and higher GDP, but the relationship may not be linear and depends on achieving a critical mass of broadband users.
2) Broadband access can have significant positive impacts on education, health, and social services by improving access to information and strengthening social links.
3) However, Mexico currently has low broadband penetration which has negatively impacted areas like education and health.
4) High prices and lack of effective competition in Mexico's broadband market have reduced rollout and access, particularly in high-cost rural areas, imposing costs on both the economy and society.
Internet governance-and-digital-divide-ahmad-waleed-khaliqi-shamsullah-shams-...
Internet governance-and-digital-divide-ahmad-waleed-khaliqi-shamsullah-shams-...National IT Professionals Association of Afghanistan
This document discusses internet governance and the digital divide in Afghanistan. It provides statistics on internet and mobile phone usage, showing that 89% of the population has mobile coverage but only 75% of subscribers are male. Bridging the digital divide is important for social mobility, democracy, economic growth and health. However, connecting the unconnected faces challenges including security issues, low literacy, lack of electricity, high prices, lack of relevant content, and gender-based access differences. Overcoming the digital divide requires addressing obstacles related to physical, financial, socio-demographic, cognitive, design, institutional, political and cultural access.Wam2
Women face a significant digital gender gap, being 10-26% less likely than men to own a mobile phone or use mobile internet. This amounts to 184 million fewer women owning mobile phones and over 1.2 billion women not using mobile internet in low and middle-income countries. Barriers preventing women from accessing mobile include cost, network issues, safety concerns, lack of trust in operators/agents, and lower digital literacy. Several international organizations are working to address this divide through initiatives focused on education, employment, safety regulations, and encouraging policies that promote inclusion.
MD Broadband Map TUgis2011 Presentation
MD Broadband Map TUgis2011 PresentationTowson University's Division of Innovation & Applied Research
The Maryland Broadband Mapping Initiative is funded by an American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (ARRA) grant administered through the National Telecommunications and Information Administration (NTIA). Through various activities, the ultimate goal of ARRA broadband projects is to increase broadband access and adoption throughout the Nation. Governor Martin O’Malley chose the Maryland Broadband Cooperative, Inc. (MDBC) to lead Maryland’s data collection, mapping, and planning initiative, which is part of the State Broadband Data and Development Grant Program. A working partnership comprising MDBC, Salisbury University, Towson University, Maryland Department of Business and Economic Development, and Maryland’s State Geographic Information Officer, has teamed to develop and deliver a comprehensive statewide broadband inventory and a publicly available interactive map. The Maryland Broadband Map enables the state’s citizens to search and discover broadband provider and service technology availability by address. This presentation will demonstrate The Maryland Broadband Map web application, provide a project update, and discuss future activities.Recommended
Observatory summary outcomes
This document discusses the potential of mobile applications for improving agriculture in rural communities. It outlines an observatory in 2010 that aimed to identify key ICT issues and strategies for using mobile applications to deliver agricultural services. The observatory examined several case studies of existing mobile apps for tasks like livestock market information, disease monitoring, recording indigenous knowledge, and accessing climate data. It also discusses policy issues around regulators and governments not fully understanding information technology, and provides recommendations like supporting organizations to study policies and regulations and highlight gender issues regarding technology adoption.
ASM Final Project
- Pursuant to Indonesian regulations, telecommunications operations and frequency spectrum usage require ministerial permits, and violations may face criminal penalties.
- The Minister determines policies and regulates, supervises, and controls frequency spectrum usage. Shared frequency usage between operators in Indonesia has not been regulated.
- Spectrum sharing could impact competition between operators and requires further study. Regulations do not explain how usage fees would be paid if operators share frequencies.
THE ABSENCE OF INFORMATION COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY (ICT) POLICIES AND TECHNO...
In my final project I had the absence of information communication technology (ICT) policies and technological development in Somalia.
Internet governance and digital divide Ahmad Waleed Khaliqi Shamsullah Sham...
AfSIG 2017 was the first edition of Afghanistan School on Internet Governance Organized by National IT Professionals Association of Afghanistan (NITPAA)
Encuentro en México 2010 - Dmitri Ypsilanti
The document discusses several key points about broadband access and social gaps:
1) Existing evidence shows that increased broadband penetration can contribute to economic growth and higher GDP, but the relationship may not be linear and depends on achieving a critical mass of broadband users.
2) Broadband access can have significant positive impacts on education, health, and social services by improving access to information and strengthening social links.
3) However, Mexico currently has low broadband penetration which has negatively impacted areas like education and health.
4) High prices and lack of effective competition in Mexico's broadband market have reduced rollout and access, particularly in high-cost rural areas, imposing costs on both the economy and society.
Internet governance-and-digital-divide-ahmad-waleed-khaliqi-shamsullah-shams-...
Internet governance-and-digital-divide-ahmad-waleed-khaliqi-shamsullah-shams-...National IT Professionals Association of Afghanistan
This document discusses internet governance and the digital divide in Afghanistan. It provides statistics on internet and mobile phone usage, showing that 89% of the population has mobile coverage but only 75% of subscribers are male. Bridging the digital divide is important for social mobility, democracy, economic growth and health. However, connecting the unconnected faces challenges including security issues, low literacy, lack of electricity, high prices, lack of relevant content, and gender-based access differences. Overcoming the digital divide requires addressing obstacles related to physical, financial, socio-demographic, cognitive, design, institutional, political and cultural access.Wam2
Women face a significant digital gender gap, being 10-26% less likely than men to own a mobile phone or use mobile internet. This amounts to 184 million fewer women owning mobile phones and over 1.2 billion women not using mobile internet in low and middle-income countries. Barriers preventing women from accessing mobile include cost, network issues, safety concerns, lack of trust in operators/agents, and lower digital literacy. Several international organizations are working to address this divide through initiatives focused on education, employment, safety regulations, and encouraging policies that promote inclusion.
MD Broadband Map TUgis2011 Presentation
MD Broadband Map TUgis2011 PresentationTowson University's Division of Innovation & Applied Research
The Maryland Broadband Mapping Initiative is funded by an American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (ARRA) grant administered through the National Telecommunications and Information Administration (NTIA). Through various activities, the ultimate goal of ARRA broadband projects is to increase broadband access and adoption throughout the Nation. Governor Martin O’Malley chose the Maryland Broadband Cooperative, Inc. (MDBC) to lead Maryland’s data collection, mapping, and planning initiative, which is part of the State Broadband Data and Development Grant Program. A working partnership comprising MDBC, Salisbury University, Towson University, Maryland Department of Business and Economic Development, and Maryland’s State Geographic Information Officer, has teamed to develop and deliver a comprehensive statewide broadband inventory and a publicly available interactive map. The Maryland Broadband Map enables the state’s citizens to search and discover broadband provider and service technology availability by address. This presentation will demonstrate The Maryland Broadband Map web application, provide a project update, and discuss future activities.Uroš Cvetko: Mobile Internet – One Year Later
The document analyzes mobile internet usage over the past year. It finds that mobile internet penetration and usage frequency increased significantly from 2008 to 2009, doubling overall usage. While perceived high costs remained the top obstacle, offerings with included data increased. Social networking is a key driver, though different age groups have varying usage attitudes and obstacles. Global sites remain major mobile internet developers, though some local sites are gaining prominence. The implications are that mobile internet growth will continue rapidly as obstacles are alleviated, and social networking can attract young users, while local providers may find opportunities in less developed markets.
Final project
This document outlines a research proposal to review Zambia's excise duty legislation on airtime to assess if it aligns with best practice taxation principles. The objectives are to identify shortcomings in the current law, compare it to other SADC countries, and recommend amendments. The justification is that this will provide insight into issues with the current law and help policymakers address problems to create an efficient regime. The methodology will include literature reviews of laws, reports and studies from Zambia and other jurisdictions.
Future Broadband Trend and Myanmar Landscape
- Myanmar has very low broadband penetration rates, weak internet connectivity, limited domestic connectivity, and very expensive internet prices compared to other ASEAN countries.
- The top broadband providers in Myanmar are RedLink with 38% market share, MPT with 27% market share, and YT with 24% market share. RedLink provides WiMAX, WiFi, and FTTx services covering 3 major cities.
- A new Telecommunications Law was passed in 2013 to liberalize the telecom market and encourage more investment and competition among internet service providers in Myanmar.
Utah Education Network Overview
This presentation was given by Michael Peterson and Jeff Egly, with the Utah Education Network, to the Utah Broadband Advisory Council on October 13, 2011.
Radio signal health a digital artefact for erick njuri
This digital artifact is targeting persons who may be interested in knowing more about the status of radio signal health in Kenya. The document only gives a guideline as to what the country has done and also gives guidance on the recommended sources of information. More detailed information can be found in the WHO and ITU websites provided in the presentation.
Utah Communications Agency Network Overview
This presentation was given by Steve Proctor, Director of the Utah Communications Agency Network, to the Utah Broadband Advisory Council on January 12, 2012.
Emf Overview and EMF norms in India
According to WHO: Eelectromagnetic fields of all frequencies represent one of the most common and fastest growing environmental influences, about which anxiety and speculation are spreading. All populations are now exposed to varying degrees of EMF, and the levels will continue to increase as technology advances. A wide range of environmental influences causes biological effects. 'Biological effect' does not equal 'health hazard'. Special research is needed to identify and measure health hazards.
At low frequencies, external electric and magnetic fields induce small circulating currents within the body. In virtually all ordinary environments, the levels of induced currents inside the body are too small to produce obvious effects.
The main effect of radiofrequency electromagnetic fields is heating of body tissues.
Report on broadband in Vietnam
The report provides an overview of broadband internet in Vietnam. It finds that the market is dominated by state-owned enterprises like VNPT and Viettel Telecom, though private companies are making inroads through new technologies like cable television broadband. The population is young and eager to adopt new technologies, driving demand for internet and mobile services. However, competition has led to low prices and customer loyalty, as well as an inflated number of mobile users. The government aims to develop ICT to catch up globally but still retains control over strategic sectors through state-owned companies.
Latest telecom scenario in Nepal: Penetration rate up to 93.69%
Nepal Telecommunication Authority has again published the latest telecom statistics of Nepal. NTC has made slight improvements, Ncell is still the market leader!
ICT Infrastructure in Africa and the uptake of e-Health
This document discusses information and communication technology (ICT) infrastructure in Africa and its role in electronic health (eHealth). It outlines that Africa has experienced rapid growth in mobile phone and broadband connectivity but still lags behind other regions. The document advocates for a paradigm shift where ICT is integrated into health policies to support eHealth applications like telemedicine, databases, and public health information. Challenges include developing applications and financing, but opportunities exist to leverage existing mobile networks and satellite connectivity. International organizations like the ITU and WHO are working with countries to promote eHealth in Africa.
Presenttion on ntc
This document provides an overview of Nepal Telecom including its history, mission, vision, goals, services, market analysis, competitors, financial status, and recommendations. Nepal Telecom was established in 1970 as the first telecommunication provider in Nepal and was transformed into Nepal Doorsanchar Company Ltd. in 2061. Its mission is to provide nationwide reliable telecommunication services and its vision is to remain a market leader in technology extending cost effective services. Its main competitors are Ncell and United Telecom Limited. The document concludes by recommending improvements in management, customer care, service distribution, and relations between unions and management.
Mobile Emerging Markets Tcl
The document is a report from Tariff Consultancy Ltd that profiles the mobile markets in 34 emerging countries. It provides details on mobile operators, subscribers, penetration rates, and forecasts subscriber growth up to 2013 in each country. The key takeaways are that the 34 countries will more than double subscribers to 4.3 billion by 2013, with Afghanistan, Iraq, Cambodia and Indonesia seeing the largest growth rates, and China and India remaining the largest markets, though not the fastest growing. Mobile broadband and new pricing models like flat rates are major trends shaping these emerging markets.
Oms - How do we evaluate the health risk from emf
This document summarizes discussions from a meeting on wireless networks held in Armenia and Colombia on August 10, 2013. It discusses how health risks from electromagnetic fields (EMF) are evaluated, standards that are developed by organizations like WHO and ICNIRP, and how different countries manage EMF exposure through national regulations and local policies. Stakeholder communication and managing public perception are highlighted as important challenges for governments given the rapid changes in wireless technologies and public health concerns.
Only connect? Emerging ICT options and opportunities for farmers
The document discusses using information and communication technologies (ICTs) like mobile phones, radio, television, and satellite networks to connect farmers in Africa, the Caribbean, and the Pacific and provide them with information and services to support agriculture. It notes key constraints like access, costs, content relevance, and ICT literacy. The approach advocated focuses on participation, public-private partnerships, community ownership, and listening to farmers' needs rather than focusing first on technology.
Sustainable ICT in Rural Africa
The document proposes a solution to bring sustainable ICT to rural Africa by establishing a network of community pay phones powered by satellite networks. The network would start as a trial in rural Zambia, with phones in 8 villages to test for 3 months. Based on the results, the network would expand and partner with organizations to provide additional services like calls, information, business, and government resources to rural communities in a sustainable way.
Information and Communication Technologies for Agricultural Knowledge Managem...
This study compared how smallholder farmers in peri-urban and rural areas of Kenya access agricultural information and communication technologies (ICTs). It found that while most farmers in both areas use ICTs, the types used differ - peri-urban farmers rely more on TV while rural farmers rely more on mobile phones. Access to different ICTs also varies between the areas due to infrastructure differences. The study recommends the government increase awareness of available ICT resources and capacity building to help farmers better utilize mobile technologies.
Utah Telehealth Overview
This presentation was given by Deb LaMarche, of the UtahTelehealth Network, to the Utah Broadband Advisory Council on February 19, 2012.
IRJET - Integrated VLC with Wi-Fi for Smartway Transportation System: A Survey
This document summarizes research on integrating visible light communication (VLC) and Wi-Fi technologies for intelligent transportation systems. It first reviews various communication technologies used for intelligent transportation, including short-range technologies like DSRC and Bluetooth, and long-range technologies like WiMAX and LTE. It then discusses issues with existing technologies like limited data rates and complex infrastructure requirements. The document concludes that combining VLC and Wi-Fi could help overcome these limitations by taking advantage of the benefits of both technologies, providing a potential solution for future intelligent transportation systems.
Plan2050 Virtual Public Meeting August 19, 2020
This document summarizes the contents that will be presented at the virtual public participation meeting for the Long Range Transportation Plan update by the Miami Valley Regional Planning Commission (MVRPC). The plan update identifies multimodal transportation strategies and investment priorities for the region through 2050. Key topics to be covered include safety and crash analysis, congestion levels, accessibility of services, land use projections, and performance measures. Public input will help guide MVRPC's transportation goals and investments for the next 30 years.
The Intertwined story of the Arab Telecom boom
1) The telecom industry in many Arab countries underwent significant liberalization and growth over the past decade, transitioning from monopoly to competitive markets.
2) Arab Advisors Group was founded in 2001 to provide research on these rapidly changing telecom markets and saw significant success and growth, becoming profitable within its first year.
3) The founder provides an example of seeing opportunity during industry changes and positioning Arab Advisors Group to meet the need for reliable research, growing the business from $22,000 to $5 million over a decade.
Mobile technology East Africa
Mobile technology has transformed communications in East Africa. Over 90% of phones in Africa are mobile phones, with 700 million connections across the continent. East African countries like Kenya, Uganda, and Tanzania have seen significant growth in mobile adoption rates. Mobile phones are now used not just for calls and texts, but as platforms for banking, agriculture, education, and other applications through services like mobile money and apps. With social media also increasingly accessed via mobile devices, the combination of social and mobile connectivity is driving transformational changes in communication across Africa.
Caz Research Paper Latest&Updated Presentation
The document summarizes a paper presentation on the market demand for ICT in rural and peri-urban areas of Zambia. It defines key terms, describes the research sites in Zambia, analyzes opportunities and challenges of ICT provision in rural and peri-urban areas, and proposes strategies for developing ICT infrastructure in these areas including using mobile internet vehicles, computer kiosks, and partnerships with educational institutions.
More Related Content
What's hot
Uroš Cvetko: Mobile Internet – One Year Later
The document analyzes mobile internet usage over the past year. It finds that mobile internet penetration and usage frequency increased significantly from 2008 to 2009, doubling overall usage. While perceived high costs remained the top obstacle, offerings with included data increased. Social networking is a key driver, though different age groups have varying usage attitudes and obstacles. Global sites remain major mobile internet developers, though some local sites are gaining prominence. The implications are that mobile internet growth will continue rapidly as obstacles are alleviated, and social networking can attract young users, while local providers may find opportunities in less developed markets.
Final project
This document outlines a research proposal to review Zambia's excise duty legislation on airtime to assess if it aligns with best practice taxation principles. The objectives are to identify shortcomings in the current law, compare it to other SADC countries, and recommend amendments. The justification is that this will provide insight into issues with the current law and help policymakers address problems to create an efficient regime. The methodology will include literature reviews of laws, reports and studies from Zambia and other jurisdictions.
Future Broadband Trend and Myanmar Landscape
- Myanmar has very low broadband penetration rates, weak internet connectivity, limited domestic connectivity, and very expensive internet prices compared to other ASEAN countries.
- The top broadband providers in Myanmar are RedLink with 38% market share, MPT with 27% market share, and YT with 24% market share. RedLink provides WiMAX, WiFi, and FTTx services covering 3 major cities.
- A new Telecommunications Law was passed in 2013 to liberalize the telecom market and encourage more investment and competition among internet service providers in Myanmar.
Utah Education Network Overview
This presentation was given by Michael Peterson and Jeff Egly, with the Utah Education Network, to the Utah Broadband Advisory Council on October 13, 2011.
Radio signal health a digital artefact for erick njuri
This digital artifact is targeting persons who may be interested in knowing more about the status of radio signal health in Kenya. The document only gives a guideline as to what the country has done and also gives guidance on the recommended sources of information. More detailed information can be found in the WHO and ITU websites provided in the presentation.
Utah Communications Agency Network Overview
This presentation was given by Steve Proctor, Director of the Utah Communications Agency Network, to the Utah Broadband Advisory Council on January 12, 2012.
Emf Overview and EMF norms in India
According to WHO: Eelectromagnetic fields of all frequencies represent one of the most common and fastest growing environmental influences, about which anxiety and speculation are spreading. All populations are now exposed to varying degrees of EMF, and the levels will continue to increase as technology advances. A wide range of environmental influences causes biological effects. 'Biological effect' does not equal 'health hazard'. Special research is needed to identify and measure health hazards.
At low frequencies, external electric and magnetic fields induce small circulating currents within the body. In virtually all ordinary environments, the levels of induced currents inside the body are too small to produce obvious effects.
The main effect of radiofrequency electromagnetic fields is heating of body tissues.
Report on broadband in Vietnam
The report provides an overview of broadband internet in Vietnam. It finds that the market is dominated by state-owned enterprises like VNPT and Viettel Telecom, though private companies are making inroads through new technologies like cable television broadband. The population is young and eager to adopt new technologies, driving demand for internet and mobile services. However, competition has led to low prices and customer loyalty, as well as an inflated number of mobile users. The government aims to develop ICT to catch up globally but still retains control over strategic sectors through state-owned companies.
Latest telecom scenario in Nepal: Penetration rate up to 93.69%
Nepal Telecommunication Authority has again published the latest telecom statistics of Nepal. NTC has made slight improvements, Ncell is still the market leader!
ICT Infrastructure in Africa and the uptake of e-Health
This document discusses information and communication technology (ICT) infrastructure in Africa and its role in electronic health (eHealth). It outlines that Africa has experienced rapid growth in mobile phone and broadband connectivity but still lags behind other regions. The document advocates for a paradigm shift where ICT is integrated into health policies to support eHealth applications like telemedicine, databases, and public health information. Challenges include developing applications and financing, but opportunities exist to leverage existing mobile networks and satellite connectivity. International organizations like the ITU and WHO are working with countries to promote eHealth in Africa.
Presenttion on ntc
This document provides an overview of Nepal Telecom including its history, mission, vision, goals, services, market analysis, competitors, financial status, and recommendations. Nepal Telecom was established in 1970 as the first telecommunication provider in Nepal and was transformed into Nepal Doorsanchar Company Ltd. in 2061. Its mission is to provide nationwide reliable telecommunication services and its vision is to remain a market leader in technology extending cost effective services. Its main competitors are Ncell and United Telecom Limited. The document concludes by recommending improvements in management, customer care, service distribution, and relations between unions and management.
Mobile Emerging Markets Tcl
The document is a report from Tariff Consultancy Ltd that profiles the mobile markets in 34 emerging countries. It provides details on mobile operators, subscribers, penetration rates, and forecasts subscriber growth up to 2013 in each country. The key takeaways are that the 34 countries will more than double subscribers to 4.3 billion by 2013, with Afghanistan, Iraq, Cambodia and Indonesia seeing the largest growth rates, and China and India remaining the largest markets, though not the fastest growing. Mobile broadband and new pricing models like flat rates are major trends shaping these emerging markets.
Oms - How do we evaluate the health risk from emf
This document summarizes discussions from a meeting on wireless networks held in Armenia and Colombia on August 10, 2013. It discusses how health risks from electromagnetic fields (EMF) are evaluated, standards that are developed by organizations like WHO and ICNIRP, and how different countries manage EMF exposure through national regulations and local policies. Stakeholder communication and managing public perception are highlighted as important challenges for governments given the rapid changes in wireless technologies and public health concerns.
Only connect? Emerging ICT options and opportunities for farmers
The document discusses using information and communication technologies (ICTs) like mobile phones, radio, television, and satellite networks to connect farmers in Africa, the Caribbean, and the Pacific and provide them with information and services to support agriculture. It notes key constraints like access, costs, content relevance, and ICT literacy. The approach advocated focuses on participation, public-private partnerships, community ownership, and listening to farmers' needs rather than focusing first on technology.
Sustainable ICT in Rural Africa
The document proposes a solution to bring sustainable ICT to rural Africa by establishing a network of community pay phones powered by satellite networks. The network would start as a trial in rural Zambia, with phones in 8 villages to test for 3 months. Based on the results, the network would expand and partner with organizations to provide additional services like calls, information, business, and government resources to rural communities in a sustainable way.
Information and Communication Technologies for Agricultural Knowledge Managem...
This study compared how smallholder farmers in peri-urban and rural areas of Kenya access agricultural information and communication technologies (ICTs). It found that while most farmers in both areas use ICTs, the types used differ - peri-urban farmers rely more on TV while rural farmers rely more on mobile phones. Access to different ICTs also varies between the areas due to infrastructure differences. The study recommends the government increase awareness of available ICT resources and capacity building to help farmers better utilize mobile technologies.
Utah Telehealth Overview
This presentation was given by Deb LaMarche, of the UtahTelehealth Network, to the Utah Broadband Advisory Council on February 19, 2012.
IRJET - Integrated VLC with Wi-Fi for Smartway Transportation System: A Survey
This document summarizes research on integrating visible light communication (VLC) and Wi-Fi technologies for intelligent transportation systems. It first reviews various communication technologies used for intelligent transportation, including short-range technologies like DSRC and Bluetooth, and long-range technologies like WiMAX and LTE. It then discusses issues with existing technologies like limited data rates and complex infrastructure requirements. The document concludes that combining VLC and Wi-Fi could help overcome these limitations by taking advantage of the benefits of both technologies, providing a potential solution for future intelligent transportation systems.
Plan2050 Virtual Public Meeting August 19, 2020
This document summarizes the contents that will be presented at the virtual public participation meeting for the Long Range Transportation Plan update by the Miami Valley Regional Planning Commission (MVRPC). The plan update identifies multimodal transportation strategies and investment priorities for the region through 2050. Key topics to be covered include safety and crash analysis, congestion levels, accessibility of services, land use projections, and performance measures. Public input will help guide MVRPC's transportation goals and investments for the next 30 years.
The Intertwined story of the Arab Telecom boom
1) The telecom industry in many Arab countries underwent significant liberalization and growth over the past decade, transitioning from monopoly to competitive markets.
2) Arab Advisors Group was founded in 2001 to provide research on these rapidly changing telecom markets and saw significant success and growth, becoming profitable within its first year.
3) The founder provides an example of seeing opportunity during industry changes and positioning Arab Advisors Group to meet the need for reliable research, growing the business from $22,000 to $5 million over a decade.
What's hot (20)
Radio signal health a digital artefact for erick njuri
Radio signal health a digital artefact for erick njuri
Latest telecom scenario in Nepal: Penetration rate up to 93.69%
Latest telecom scenario in Nepal: Penetration rate up to 93.69%
ICT Infrastructure in Africa and the uptake of e-Health
ICT Infrastructure in Africa and the uptake of e-Health
Only connect? Emerging ICT options and opportunities for farmers
Only connect? Emerging ICT options and opportunities for farmers
Information and Communication Technologies for Agricultural Knowledge Managem...
Information and Communication Technologies for Agricultural Knowledge Managem...
IRJET - Integrated VLC with Wi-Fi for Smartway Transportation System: A Survey
IRJET - Integrated VLC with Wi-Fi for Smartway Transportation System: A Survey
Similar to Developing Country Case Study: Economics of Universal Mobile Access in Rwanda
Mobile technology East Africa
Mobile technology has transformed communications in East Africa. Over 90% of phones in Africa are mobile phones, with 700 million connections across the continent. East African countries like Kenya, Uganda, and Tanzania have seen significant growth in mobile adoption rates. Mobile phones are now used not just for calls and texts, but as platforms for banking, agriculture, education, and other applications through services like mobile money and apps. With social media also increasingly accessed via mobile devices, the combination of social and mobile connectivity is driving transformational changes in communication across Africa.
Caz Research Paper Latest&Updated Presentation
The document summarizes a paper presentation on the market demand for ICT in rural and peri-urban areas of Zambia. It defines key terms, describes the research sites in Zambia, analyzes opportunities and challenges of ICT provision in rural and peri-urban areas, and proposes strategies for developing ICT infrastructure in these areas including using mobile internet vehicles, computer kiosks, and partnerships with educational institutions.
Product Market Study - ICT Market in Vietnam (2012)
This document provides an overview of Vietnam's ICT market in 2012, including:
- The ICT industry in Vietnam was growing rapidly due to economic reforms, WTO accession, and a young population driving demand. The government was committed to developing the software, internet, and ICT education sectors.
- Key sectors included telecommunications, software, hardware, and digital content. The internet and mobile phone markets were among the fastest growing in the world.
- The government had strategies to develop ICT infrastructure nationwide and make ICT a leading economic sector, with goals of advancing Vietnam in ASEAN ICT rankings by 2020.
2020 Prieto-Egido - Small rural operators_revAR.pdf
This document analyzes a strategy to deploy mobile communications services in isolated communities in developing countries with less than 1,000 inhabitants. It discusses a pilot project in 6 Peruvian Amazon communities that combined low-cost technologies and a business model for Small Rural Operators (SROs). The pilot showed that SROs can profitably offer 3G services in small, isolated communities when using existing infrastructure, femtocell access points, and WiFi backhaul links. With public support and agreements with mobile network operators, the SRO model provides a feasible approach to expanding connectivity to unserved rural areas.
Proposal m-Government in Mongolia
Feasibility Study Proposal Presentation for Korean National IT Industry Promotion Agency (NIPA) and Korea IT service Industry Association (ITSA) joint workshop on 23rd of Sep, 2013.
WCIT 2016 Dr. Ming Ji Wu
The document summarizes Taiwan's efforts to develop smart cities through integrating multiple technological solutions. It discusses issues facing modern cities like public safety, traffic, and education resources. Taiwan is using technologies like surveillance systems, smart lighting, electric vehicle sharing, and online education platforms to address these issues. Examples provided include a 170,000 camera surveillance network, smart lighting that also provides charging stations, and a program allowing small rural schools to share educational resources virtually. The goal is to improve quality of life through efficient, sustainable, and innovative smart city initiatives.
Assessing the Impacts and Developing Adaptation Strategies Using Application ...
Assessing the Impacts and Developing Adaptation Strategies Using Application ...Global Risk Forum GRFDavos
The document summarizes a training session on assessing impacts of and developing adaptation strategies for climate change using electronic governance and information and communication technologies (ICTs). The session objectives are to identify critical parameters for e-governance in rural development, disseminate information for planning using ICTs, and develop an e-governance model. Models from India are presented that use ICTs like wireless networks and hub centers to connect rural communities and provide services like education, healthcare and agriculture support.Emerging trends in mobile enabled utility services
The Mobile for Development Utilities Innovation Fund was launched in June 2013 to test and scale the use of mobile to improve or increase access to energy, water and sanitation services. Together with a second Phase of funding in 2015, the Innovation Fund received an overwhelming number of high quality applications, reflecting high interest in leveraging mobile technologies for improving and increasing access to utilities within the developing world. This analysis of concept notes from innovators who applied for the Fund identifies the emerging trends in mobile-enabled utility services.
Use of Mobile in Public Service Delivery: Global Best Innovative Practices
This document discusses the mobile-development paradigm and the impact of mobile phone penetration on economic growth. It provides several studies that found a positive relationship between mobile phone penetration and GDP growth. Mobile phones in developing countries play an important role in substituting for fixed lines and help improve market functioning by reducing transaction costs. The document also presents examples of income growth among farmers and traders in various countries that used mobile applications. It then shifts to discussing innovations in public service delivery through mobile and online initiatives in several countries.
Information and communications technologies
The document summarizes a presentation given by Uganda's Minister of ICT on driving Africa's growth through information and communications technologies. The presentation outlines Uganda's ICT sector structure, how ICTs have revolutionized the world and drive economic growth, Uganda's national philosophy and policies supporting ICT development, and key developments and prospects for Uganda's ICT sector including increased internet/mobile access, investment in national backbone infrastructure, and growth areas like business process outsourcing and e-government.
2014 e learning innovations conference motivation factors marini, makhanu & s...
2014 e learning innovations conference motivation factors marini, makhanu & s...eLearning Innovations Conference
This study examined motivational factors influencing Kenyan citizens to use mobile government (m-government) services provided by various Kenyan ministries. The researchers conducted surveys and interviews with citizens who interacted with the ministries as well as ministry ICT officials. The findings showed that while 41.2% of citizens were aware of m-government services, most were dissatisfied with the current offerings. Respondents felt m-government could help address service delivery challenges if services were easy to use, timely, and accessible at low cost. The researchers concluded m-government requires streamlining processes and recommended longer-term studies to evaluate impacts on service delivery over time.ICT development overview
This document provides an overview of Mongolia's ICT sector and key initiatives to promote ICT-based growth. The ICT sector is overseen by the Information, Communication and Technology Policy Authority (ICTPA) and regulated by the Communications Regulatory Commission (CRC). Major policies and programs discussed include the E-Mongolia Program, National Broadband Program, Digital Broadcasting Program, and E-Government National Program. The document also outlines ICT services, technologies, projects and initiatives in Mongolia aimed at expanding infrastructure, promoting access, and developing ICT-based sectors like education, health, mining and agriculture.
20131217 sevilla-regional policy-m gonzalez-sancho v3b
The document discusses regional digital policy in Europe. It provides an overview of the Digital Agenda for Europe and its goals of improving broadband access, digital skills, and internet usage. Specific targets are outlined around broadband speeds and subscriptions. Challenges are discussed around skills gaps and low rates of e-commerce and internet use in some areas. The role of EU structural funds and regional strategies in meeting these goals is also examined.
The role of state in broadband development - Alison Gillwald
The role of state in broadband development - Alison GillwaldDialogo regional sobre Sociedad de la Información
Ponencia para el taller "El papel del Estado en la promoción de la banda ancha" en Lima (Perú) el 18 de mayo de 2011.
Presentation for the workshop "The role of the state in the promotion of the broadband" in Lima (Peru) May 18th 2011.vodafone, aritel, jio
The document provides an overview of the telecommunication sector in India. It discusses the major players in the sector including Airtel, Reliance Jio, and Vodafone Idea. It analyzes the industrial scenario by looking at the history, evolution, challenges and opportunities of the sector. Key facts like subscriber numbers, revenue contribution to GDP, and the global perspective are presented. Detailed company profiles of Airtel, Jio, and Vodafone Idea are also included covering aspects like vision, mission, history and SWOT analysis. The document thus serves as a comprehensive report on the telecom industry in India.
Telecom group 2 section a
The document discusses the telecom industry in India. It provides an overview of key metrics of the industry such as revenue, number of subscribers, market share of major players, and average revenue per user. It also examines the industry structure and distribution channels. Recent trends are mentioned such as the growing importance of rural subscribers, internet, and broadband. Challenges and opportunities for the industry are highlighted. The telecom industry's impact and relationship with other sectors like infrastructure, mobile devices, banking, education and healthcare are briefly covered.
URMC Final Project
This document summarizes strategies for unlocking rural mobile coverage in South Africa. It outlines the challenges of low population density, difficult terrain, and lack of basic infrastructure in rural areas. Key policy enablers that can help expand coverage include allocating low-frequency spectrum, promoting infrastructure sharing between mobile operators, reducing sector-specific taxes, and having realistic competition policies. Government initiatives in South Africa like the Universal Service Fund and programs like ICT4RED and Ukufunda Virtual School aim to connect schools and provide tablets for education, but progress has been slow. Case studies of mobile operators like Vodacom expanding their 4G networks show potential solutions.
Telecommunications Policies Standards and Regulations Notes
This document discusses the regulation of telecommunications. It provides background on international agencies that regulate telecommunications, such as the International Telecommunication Union. It then discusses the regulation of telecommunications in Pakistan, including the various laws and regulations governing the telecom sector in Pakistan and the roles of regulatory bodies like the Pakistan Telecommunication Authority. Finally, it discusses some of the key issues in telecom regulation, such as interconnection, competition policy, and remedies for anti-competitive behavior by dominant operators.
Implementation in E-Government in Cameroon - Eric Sindeu
Implementation in E-Government in Cameroon - Eric SindeuCommonwealth Telecommunications Organisation
A flagship CTO event, this has grown into a platform for knowledge-sharing among peer groups steering ICT projects in e-delivery of health care, education and governance. This Forum echoes the Commonwealth's 2013 theme: The Road Ahead for Africa. Technology vs Communication Sector
The slideshow explains about the impact of technological environment on communication sector of India.
Similar to Developing Country Case Study: Economics of Universal Mobile Access in Rwanda (20)
Product Market Study - ICT Market in Vietnam (2012)
Product Market Study - ICT Market in Vietnam (2012)
2020 Prieto-Egido - Small rural operators_revAR.pdf
2020 Prieto-Egido - Small rural operators_revAR.pdf
Assessing the Impacts and Developing Adaptation Strategies Using Application ...
Assessing the Impacts and Developing Adaptation Strategies Using Application ...
Emerging trends in mobile enabled utility services
Emerging trends in mobile enabled utility services
Use of Mobile in Public Service Delivery: Global Best Innovative Practices
Use of Mobile in Public Service Delivery: Global Best Innovative Practices
2014 e learning innovations conference motivation factors marini, makhanu & s...
2014 e learning innovations conference motivation factors marini, makhanu & s...
20131217 sevilla-regional policy-m gonzalez-sancho v3b
20131217 sevilla-regional policy-m gonzalez-sancho v3b
The role of state in broadband development - Alison Gillwald
The role of state in broadband development - Alison Gillwald
Telecommunications Policies Standards and Regulations Notes
Telecommunications Policies Standards and Regulations Notes
Implementation in E-Government in Cameroon - Eric Sindeu
Implementation in E-Government in Cameroon - Eric Sindeu
More from World Bank Infrastructure
Pathways to Decarbonization & Digital Innovation in Transport: Technology and...
Pathways to Decarbonization & Digital Innovation in Transport: Technology and...World Bank Infrastructure
Lewis M. Fulton
2020 #Infra4Dev Conference: Decarbonizing Infrastructure
www.worldbank.org/infra4dev2Pathways to Decarbonization & Digital Innovation in Transport: Wither Urban T...
Pathways to Decarbonization & Digital Innovation in Transport: Wither Urban T...World Bank Infrastructure
Gilles Duranton
2020 #Infra4Dev Conference: Decarbonizing Infrastructure
www.worldbank.org/infra4dev2Pathways to Decarbonization & Digital Innovation in Transport: Subways and Ur...
Pathways to Decarbonization & Digital Innovation in Transport: Subways and Ur...World Bank Infrastructure
Marco Gonzalez-Navarro
2020 #Infra4Dev Conference: Decarbonizing Infrastructure
www.worldbank.org/infra4dev2Pathways to Decarbonization & Digital Innovation in Transport: The Role of El...
Pathways to Decarbonization & Digital Innovation in Transport: The Role of El...World Bank Infrastructure
Marta Gonzalez
2020 #Infra4Dev Conference: Decarbonizing Infrastructure
www.worldbank.org/infra4dev2Pathways to Decarbonization & Digital Innovation in Energy: Prospects for Hyd...
Pathways to Decarbonization & Digital Innovation in Energy: Prospects for Hyd...World Bank Infrastructure
Michael B. McElroy
2020 #Infra4Dev Conference: Decarbonizing Infrastructure
www.worldbank.org/infra4dev2Pathways to Decarbonization & Digital Innovation in Energy: Role of Energy T...
Pathways to Decarbonization & Digital Innovation in Energy: Role of Energy T...World Bank Infrastructure
The document discusses pathways to decarbonization through energy technologies and innovation. It makes three key points:
1. Technological change in energy is influenced by market failures like environmental externalities and credit constraints, requiring policy guidance. Policies can accelerate innovation by addressing these failures.
2. Adoption of new technologies is a social process influenced by information sharing and social interactions, which campaigns can leverage. Understanding local adoption drivers is crucial for equitable infrastructure planning.
3. Path dependencies form as technologies diffuse due to learning effects and spillovers. Infrastructure investments made today will influence future costs, so understanding innovation processes is important for long-term decarbonization.Pathways to Decarbonization & Digital Innovation in Energy: Making Better Dec...
Pathways to Decarbonization & Digital Innovation in Energy: Making Better Dec...World Bank Infrastructure
The document discusses decarbonizing infrastructure and making better decisions for the energy transition. It notes that today's energy systems are undergoing major transformations leading to greater integration across sectors. A central feature is the growth in alternative technology options and increasing uncertainty, creating a complex connected solution network. The modular structure of MIT's analysis platform captures over 1000 pathways and 90% of emissions. Key opportunities for decarbonization include power, transportation, industry and buildings; carbon management; low-carbon fuels; and decarbonizing heat and power for industry and transportation.Lightning Talk - Transport: Transit Reforms and Ride-Hailing
This document summarizes key points from two lightening talks about decarbonizing transport in Latin America. The first talk discusses how transit reforms aimed at promoting public transport in Latin American cities have often reduced transit ridership by 9-12% on average due to higher costs and lower frequency. The second talk examines ride-hailing apps and finds through simulations that they are very unlikely to reduce vehicle kilometers traveled and likely increase it by taking passengers from more sustainable modes. Both findings suggest the need to rethink current approaches to transport reforms and policies governing ride-hailing apps to better promote sustainability goals.
Lightning Talk - Transport: Reinventing the Car: Technology vs. Culture
By Joanna Moody
2020 #Infra4Dev Conference: Decarbonizing Infrastructure
www.worldbank.org/infra4dev2
Lightning Talk - Transport: Lessons from Vehicle Taxation and Restrictions
By Joshua Linn
2020 #Infra4Dev Conference: Decarbonizing Infrastructure
www.worldbank.org/infra4dev2
Lightning Talk - Transport: Ecological Footprint of Transportation Infrastruc...
Lightning Talk - Transport: Ecological Footprint of Transportation Infrastruc...World Bank Infrastructure
By Teevrat Garg
2020 #Infra4Dev Conference: Decarbonizing Infrastructure
www.worldbank.org/infra4dev2Lightning Talk - Transport: Overcoming Deadhead in the Trucking Industry Usin...
Lightning Talk - Transport: Overcoming Deadhead in the Trucking Industry Usin...World Bank Infrastructure
By Kilian Heilmann
2020 #Infra4Dev Conference: Decarbonizing Infrastructure
www.worldbank.org/infra4dev2Lightning Talk - Transport: Effectiveness of Electric Vehicle Incentives in C...
Lightning Talk - Transport: Effectiveness of Electric Vehicle Incentives in C...World Bank Infrastructure
This document summarizes the effectiveness of electric vehicle incentives in China. It analyzes quarterly EV sales data from 2015-2018 across cities to identify the impact of various incentive policies, including consumer subsidies, exemption from driving restrictions, green plate policies, and charging infrastructure investment. The analysis finds that consumer subsidies and charging infrastructure have significantly promoted EV adoption, with infrastructure being 4 times more cost-effective than subsidies. It also finds green plate policies increased EV sales by 18% from 2016-2018.Lightning Talk - Energy: The Economics of Storage and its Role in the Energy ...
Lightning Talk - Energy: The Economics of Storage and its Role in the Energy ...World Bank Infrastructure
By Dharik Mallapragada
2020 #Infra4Dev Conference: Decarbonizing Infrastructure
www.worldbank.org/infra4dev2Lightning Talk - Energy: How Much Did Feed-in-Tariffs Cost Ukraine Power Sect...
Lightning Talk - Energy: How Much Did Feed-in-Tariffs Cost Ukraine Power Sect...World Bank Infrastructure
By Jevgenijs Steinbuks
2020 #Infra4Dev Conference: Decarbonizing Infrastructure
www.worldbank.org/infra4dev2Lightning Talk - Energy: Green Hydrogen Transport Cost Assessment in the Cont...
Lightning Talk - Energy: Green Hydrogen Transport Cost Assessment in the Cont...World Bank Infrastructure
By Francesco Dolci
2020 #Infra4Dev Conference: Decarbonizing Infrastructure
www.worldbank.org/infra4dev2Lightning Talk - Energy: How Can Smart-Grids Help for Climate Mitigation?
By Prudence Dato
2020 #Infra4Dev Conference: Decarbonizing Infrastructure
www.worldbank.org/infra4dev2
Lightning Talk - Energy: Decarbonizing India’s Electricity System
By Ranjit Deshmukh
2020 #Infra4Dev Conference: Decarbonizing Infrastructure
www.worldbank.org/infra4dev2
Lightning Talk - Energy: Cost of Transition from The Workers’ Perspective
By Jan Witajewski-Baltvilks
2020 #Infra4Dev Conference: Decarbonizing Infrastructure
www.worldbank.org/infra4dev2
Catherine Wolfram: 2020 #Infra4dev Conference Keynote presentation
This document discusses trends in greenhouse gas emissions from various countries and regions since 2000. It also discusses opportunities to learn more about decarbonizing the transportation sector but emphasizes the need to continue efforts to decarbonize the electricity sector. The document presents challenges that emerging market electricity sectors face and introduces tools like DumsorWatch App, PowerWatch Device, and Cloud Computing that help monitor electricity outages and receive near real-time outage data.
More from World Bank Infrastructure (20)
Pathways to Decarbonization & Digital Innovation in Transport: Technology and...
Pathways to Decarbonization & Digital Innovation in Transport: Technology and...
Pathways to Decarbonization & Digital Innovation in Transport: Wither Urban T...
Pathways to Decarbonization & Digital Innovation in Transport: Wither Urban T...
Pathways to Decarbonization & Digital Innovation in Transport: Subways and Ur...
Pathways to Decarbonization & Digital Innovation in Transport: Subways and Ur...
Pathways to Decarbonization & Digital Innovation in Transport: The Role of El...
Pathways to Decarbonization & Digital Innovation in Transport: The Role of El...
Pathways to Decarbonization & Digital Innovation in Energy: Prospects for Hyd...
Pathways to Decarbonization & Digital Innovation in Energy: Prospects for Hyd...
Pathways to Decarbonization & Digital Innovation in Energy: Role of Energy T...
Pathways to Decarbonization & Digital Innovation in Energy: Role of Energy T...
Pathways to Decarbonization & Digital Innovation in Energy: Making Better Dec...
Pathways to Decarbonization & Digital Innovation in Energy: Making Better Dec...
Lightning Talk - Transport: Transit Reforms and Ride-Hailing
Lightning Talk - Transport: Transit Reforms and Ride-Hailing
Lightning Talk - Transport: Reinventing the Car: Technology vs. Culture
Lightning Talk - Transport: Reinventing the Car: Technology vs. Culture
Lightning Talk - Transport: Lessons from Vehicle Taxation and Restrictions
Lightning Talk - Transport: Lessons from Vehicle Taxation and Restrictions
Lightning Talk - Transport: Ecological Footprint of Transportation Infrastruc...
Lightning Talk - Transport: Ecological Footprint of Transportation Infrastruc...
Lightning Talk - Transport: Overcoming Deadhead in the Trucking Industry Usin...
Lightning Talk - Transport: Overcoming Deadhead in the Trucking Industry Usin...
Lightning Talk - Transport: Effectiveness of Electric Vehicle Incentives in C...
Lightning Talk - Transport: Effectiveness of Electric Vehicle Incentives in C...
Lightning Talk - Energy: The Economics of Storage and its Role in the Energy ...
Lightning Talk - Energy: The Economics of Storage and its Role in the Energy ...
Lightning Talk - Energy: How Much Did Feed-in-Tariffs Cost Ukraine Power Sect...
Lightning Talk - Energy: How Much Did Feed-in-Tariffs Cost Ukraine Power Sect...
Lightning Talk - Energy: Green Hydrogen Transport Cost Assessment in the Cont...
Lightning Talk - Energy: Green Hydrogen Transport Cost Assessment in the Cont...
Lightning Talk - Energy: How Can Smart-Grids Help for Climate Mitigation?
Lightning Talk - Energy: How Can Smart-Grids Help for Climate Mitigation?
Lightning Talk - Energy: Decarbonizing India’s Electricity System
Lightning Talk - Energy: Decarbonizing India’s Electricity System
Lightning Talk - Energy: Cost of Transition from The Workers’ Perspective
Lightning Talk - Energy: Cost of Transition from The Workers’ Perspective
Catherine Wolfram: 2020 #Infra4dev Conference Keynote presentation
Catherine Wolfram: 2020 #Infra4dev Conference Keynote presentation
Recently uploaded
一比一原版加拿大麦科文大学毕业证如何办理
原版一模一样【微信：741003700 】【加拿大麦科文大学毕业证成绩单】【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
【主营项目】
一.毕业证【q微741003700】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
办理加拿大麦科文大学毕业证【微信：741003700 】外观非常简单，由纸质材料制成，上面印有校徽、校名、毕业生姓名、专业等信息。
办理加拿大麦科文大学毕业证【微信：741003700 】格式相对统一，各专业都有相应的模板。通常包括以下部分：
校徽：象征着学校的荣誉和传承。
校名:学校英文全称
授予学位：本部分将注明获得的具体学位名称。
毕业生姓名：这是最重要的信息之一，标志着该证书是由特定人员获得的。
颁发日期：这是毕业正式生效的时间，也代表着毕业生学业的结束。
其他信息：根据不同的专业和学位，可能会有一些特定的信息或章节。
办理加拿大麦科文大学毕业证【微信：741003700 】价值很高，需要妥善保管。一般来说，应放置在安全、干燥、防潮的地方，避免长时间暴露在阳光下。如需使用，最好使用复印件而不是原件，以免丢失。
综上所述，办理加拿大麦科文大学毕业证【微信：741003700 】是证明身份和学历的高价值文件。外观简单庄重，格式统一，包括重要的个人信息和发布日期。对持有人来说，妥善保管是非常重要的。
CBO's Immigration Projections - Presentation
Presentation by Julie Topoleski, CBO’s Director of Labor, Income Security, and Long-Term Analysis, at the 16th Annual Meeting of the OECD Working Party of Parliamentary Budget Officials and Independent Fiscal Institutions.
一比一原版(uoit毕业证书)加拿大安大略理工大学毕业证如何办理
原版一模一样【微信：741003700 】【(uoit毕业证书)加拿大安大略理工大学毕业证成绩单】【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
【主营项目】
一.毕业证【q微741003700】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
办理(uoit毕业证书)加拿大安大略理工大学毕业证【微信：741003700 】外观非常简单，由纸质材料制成，上面印有校徽、校名、毕业生姓名、专业等信息。
办理(uoit毕业证书)加拿大安大略理工大学毕业证【微信：741003700 】格式相对统一，各专业都有相应的模板。通常包括以下部分：
校徽：象征着学校的荣誉和传承。
校名:学校英文全称
授予学位：本部分将注明获得的具体学位名称。
毕业生姓名：这是最重要的信息之一，标志着该证书是由特定人员获得的。
颁发日期：这是毕业正式生效的时间，也代表着毕业生学业的结束。
其他信息：根据不同的专业和学位，可能会有一些特定的信息或章节。
办理(uoit毕业证书)加拿大安大略理工大学毕业证【微信：741003700 】价值很高，需要妥善保管。一般来说，应放置在安全、干燥、防潮的地方，避免长时间暴露在阳光下。如需使用，最好使用复印件而不是原件，以免丢失。
综上所述，办理(uoit毕业证书)加拿大安大略理工大学毕业证【微信：741003700 】是证明身份和学历的高价值文件。外观简单庄重，格式统一，包括重要的个人信息和发布日期。对持有人来说，妥善保管是非常重要的。
2024: The FAR - Federal Acquisition Regulations, Part 43
Jennifer Schaus and Associates hosts a complimentary webinar series on The FAR in 2024. Join the webinars on Wednesdays and Fridays at noon, eastern.
Recordings are on YouTube and the company website.
https://www.youtube.com/@jenniferschaus/videos
G7 Apulia Leaders Communique, 14th June 2024
G7 Apulia Leaders Communique, June 2024
" The present Canon of the West"
The Power of Community Newsletters: A Case Study from Wolverton and Greenleys...
YOU WILL DISCOVER:
The engaging history and evolution of Wolverton and Greenleys Town Council's newsletter
Strategies for producing a successful community newsletter and generating income through advertising
The decision-making process behind moving newsletter design from in-house to outsourcing and its impacts
Dive into the success story of Wolverton and Greenleys Town Council's newsletter in this insightful webinar. Hear from Mandy Shipp and Jemma English about the newsletter's journey from its inception to becoming a vital part of their community's communication, including its history, production process, and revenue generation through advertising. Discover the reasons behind outsourcing its design and the benefits this brought. Ideal for anyone involved in community engagement or interested in starting their own newsletter.
在线办理(西班牙UPV毕业证书)瓦伦西亚理工大学毕业证毕业完成信一模一样
学校原件一模一样【微信：741003700 】《(西班牙UPV毕业证书)瓦伦西亚理工大学毕业证》【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
【主营项目】
一.毕业证【q微741003700】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
Jabatan Fungsional: Konsep, Peran & Prospeknya
Disampaikan pada FGD Kepmen Pertahanan tentang Organisasi Profesi JF Analis Pertahanan Negara
Jakarta, 20 Juni 2024
Dr. Tri Widodo W. Utomo, SH. MA.
Deputi Bidang Kajian Kebijakan dan Inovasi Administrasi Negara LAN RI
EI Statistical Review of World Energy 2024
FT author
Amanda Chu
US Energy Reporter
PREMIUM
June 20 2024
Good morning and welcome back to Energy Source, coming to you from New York, where the city swelters in its first heatwave of the season.
Nearly 80 million people were under alerts in the US north-east and midwest yesterday as temperatures in some municipalities reached record highs in a test to the country’s rickety power grid.
In other news, the Financial Times has a new Big Read this morning on Russia’s grip on nuclear power. Despite sanctions on its economy, the Kremlin continues to be an unrivalled exporter of nuclear power plants, building more than half of all reactors under construction globally. Read how Moscow is using these projects to wield global influence.
Today’s Energy Source dives into the latest Statistical Review of World Energy, the industry’s annual stocktake of global energy consumption. The report was published for more than 70 years by BP before it was passed over to the Energy Institute last year. The oil major remains a contributor.
Data Drill looks at a new analysis from the World Bank showing gas flaring is at a four-year high.
Thanks for reading,
Amanda
Was this forwarded to you?
If you’re a Premium FT subscriber, sign up here to get this newsletter delivered straight to your inbox.
Sent Tuesdays and Thursdays.
Not a Premium subscriber?
Take out a subscription, or upgrade from standard.
New report offers sobering view of the energy transition
Every year the Statistical Review of World Energy offers a behemoth of data on the state of the global energy market. This year’s findings highlight the world’s insatiable demand for energy and the need to speed up the pace of decarbonisation.
Here are our four main takeaways from this year’s report:
Fossil fuel consumption — and emissions — are at record highs
Countries burnt record amounts of oil and coal last year, sending global fossil fuel consumption and emissions to all-time highs, the Energy Institute reported. Oil demand grew 2.6 per cent, surpassing 100mn barrels per day for the first time.
Meanwhile, the share of fossil fuels in the energy mix declined slightly by half a percentage point, but still made up more than 81 per cent of consumption.
一比一原版(Adelaide毕业证)阿德莱德大学毕业证如何办理
原件一模一样【微信：95270640】【阿德莱德大学毕业证Adelaide学位证成绩单】【微信：95270640】（留信学历认证永久存档查询）采用学校原版纸张、特殊工艺完全按照原版一比一制作（包括：隐形水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠，文字图案浮雕，激光镭射，紫外荧光，温感，复印防伪）行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备，十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，业务范围有加拿大、英国、澳洲、韩国、美国、新加坡，新西兰等学历材料，包您满意。
【业务选择办理准则】
一、工作未确定，回国需先给父母、亲戚朋友看下文凭的情况，办理一份就读学校的毕业证【微信：95270640】文凭即可
二、回国进私企、外企、自己做生意的情况，这些单位是不查询毕业证真伪的，而且国内没有渠道去查询国外文凭的真假，也不需要提供真实教育部认证。鉴于此，办理一份毕业证【微信：95270640】即可
三、进国企，银行，事业单位，考公务员等等，这些单位是必需要提供真实教育部认证的，办理教育部认证所需资料众多且烦琐，所有材料您都必须提供原件，我们凭借丰富的经验，快捷的绿色通道帮您快速整合材料，让您少走弯路。
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份【微信：95270640】
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
→ 【关于价格问题（保证一手价格）
我们所定的价格是非常合理的，而且我们现在做得单子大多数都是代理和回头客户介绍的所以一般现在有新的单子 我给客户的都是第一手的代理价格，因为我想坦诚对待大家 不想跟大家在价格方面浪费时间
对于老客户或者被老客户介绍过来的朋友，我们都会适当给一些优惠。
选择实体注册公司办理，更放心，更安全！我们的承诺：可来公司面谈，可签订合同，会陪同客户一起到教育部认证窗口递交认证材料，客户在教育部官方认证查询网站查询到认证通过结果后付款，不成功不收费！
办理阿德莱德大学毕业证毕业证假文凭Adelaide学位证【微信：95270640 】外观非常精致，由特殊纸质材料制成，上面印有校徽、校名、毕业生姓名、专业等信息。
办理阿德莱德大学毕业证Adelaide学位证毕业证假文凭【微信：95270640 】格式相对统一，各专业都有相应的模板。通常包括以下部分：
校徽：象征着学校的荣誉和传承。
校名:学校英文全称
授予学位：本部分将注明获得的具体学位名称。
毕业生姓名：这是最重要的信息之一，标志着该证书是由特定人员获得的。
颁发日期：这是毕业正式生效的时间，也代表着毕业生学业的结束。
其他信息：根据不同的专业和学位，可能会有一些特定的信息或章节。
办理阿德莱德大学毕业证毕业证假文凭Adelaide学位证【微信：95270640 】价值很高，需要妥善保管。一般来说，应放置在安全、干燥、防潮的地方，避免长时间暴露在阳光下。如需使用，最好使用复印件而不是原件，以免丢失。
综上所述，办理阿德莱德大学毕业证毕业证假文凭Adelaide学位证【微信：95270640 】是证明身份和学历的高价值文件。外观简单庄重，格式统一，包括重要的个人信息和发布日期。对持有人来说，妥善保管是非常重要的。
一比一原版(theauckland毕业证书)新西兰奥克兰大学毕业证成绩单如何办理
原版定制【微信:741003700】《(theauckland毕业证书)新西兰奥克兰大学毕业证学位证成绩单》【微信:741003700】成绩单 、雅思、外壳、留信学历认证永久存档查询，采用学校原版纸张、特殊工艺完全按照原版一比一制作（包括：隐形水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠，文字图案浮雕，激光镭射，紫外荧光，温感，复印防伪）行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备，十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，业务范围有加拿大、英国、澳洲、韩国、美国、新加坡，新西兰等学历材料，包您满意。
【业务选择办理准则】
一、工作未确定，回国需先给父母、亲戚朋友看下文凭的情况，办理一份毕业证【Q微信741003700】文凭即可
二、回国进私企、外企、自己做生意的情况，这些单位是不查询毕业证真伪的，而且国内没有渠道去查询国外文凭的真假，也不需要提供真实教育部认证。鉴于此，办理一份毕业证【Q微信741003700】即可
三、进国企，银行，事业单位，考公务员等等，这些单位是必需要提供真实教育部认证的，办理教育部认证所需资料众多且烦琐，所有材料您都必须提供原件，我们凭借丰富的经验，快捷的绿色通道帮您快速整合材料，让您少走弯路。
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
【关于价格问题（保证一手价格）】
我们所定的价格是非常合理的，而且我们现在做得单子大多数都是代理和回头客户介绍的所以一般现在有新的单子 我给客户的都是第一手的代理价格，因为我想坦诚对待大家 不想跟大家在价格方面浪费时间
对于老客户或者被老客户介绍过来的朋友，我们都会适当给一些优惠。
一比一原版办理（UQ毕业证)昆士兰大学毕业证
一比一原版退学买【微信：176555708】【《昆士兰大学毕业证》(UQ学位证成绩单)】【微信：176555708】(留信学历认证永久存档查询)采用学校原版纸张、特殊工艺完全按照原版一比一制作（包括：隐形水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠，文字图案浮雕，激光镭射，紫外荧光，温感，复印防伪）行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备，十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，业务范围有加拿大、英国、澳洲、韩国、美国、新加坡，新西兰等学历材料，包您满意。
【业务选择办理准则】
一、工作未确定，回国需先给父母、亲戚朋友看下文凭的情况，办理一份就读学校的毕业证【微信：176555708】文凭即可
二、回国进私企、外企、自己做生意的情况，这些单位是不查询毕业证真伪的，而且国内没有渠道去查询国外文凭的真假，也不需要提供真实教育部认证。鉴于此，办理一份毕业证【微信：176555708】即可
三、进国企，银行，事业单位，考公务员等等，这些单位是必需要提供真实教育部认证的，办理教育部认证所需资料众多且烦琐，所有材料您都必须提供原件，我们凭借丰富的经验，快捷的绿色通道帮您快速整合材料，让您少走弯路。
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份【微信：176555708】
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
→ 【关于价格问题（保证一手价格）
我们所定的价格是非常合理的，而且我们现在做得单子大多数都是代理和回头客户介绍的所以一般现在有新的单子 我给客户的都是第一手的代理价格，因为我想坦诚对待大家 不想跟大家在价格方面浪费时间
对于老客户或者被老客户介绍过来的朋友，我们都会适当给一些优惠。
选择实体注册公司办理，更放心，更安全！我们的承诺：可来公司面谈，可签订合同，会陪同客户一起到教育部认证窗口递交认证材料，客户在教育部官方认证查询网站查询到认证通过结果后付款，不成功不收费！
办理昆士兰大学毕业证（UQ学位证）学位证【微信：176555708 】外观非常精致，由特殊纸质材料制成，上面印有校徽、校名、毕业生姓名、专业等信息。
办理昆士兰大学毕业证（UQ学位证）学位证【微信：176555708 】格式相对统一，各专业都有相应的模板。通常包括以下部分：
校徽：象征着学校的荣誉和传承。
校名:学校英文全称
授予学位：本部分将注明获得的具体学位名称。
毕业生姓名：这是最重要的信息之一，标志着该证书是由特定人员获得的。
颁发日期：这是毕业正式生效的时间，也代表着毕业生学业的结束。
其他信息：根据不同的专业和学位，可能会有一些特定的信息或章节。
办理昆士兰大学毕业证（UQ学位证）学位证【微信：176555708 】价值很高，需要妥善保管。一般来说，应放置在安全、干燥、防潮的地方，避免长时间暴露在阳光下。如需使用，最好使用复印件而不是原件，以免丢失。
综上所述，办理昆士兰大学毕业证（UQ学位证）学位证【微信：176555708 】是证明身份和学历的高价值文件。外观简单庄重，格式统一，包括重要的个人信息和发布日期。对持有人来说，妥善保管是非常重要的。
SPONSORED CONTENT - Palmetier Law - Unleashing Small Business Innovations: A ...
SPONSORED CONTENT - Palmetier Law - Unleashing Small Business Innovations: A ...JSchaus & Associates
Sponsored Content/Webinar
Company: MyGovWatch
"Unleashing Small Business Innovations: A Path to Growth and ProsperityCauses Supporting Charity for Elderly People
Around 52% of the elder populations in India are living in poverty and poor health problems. In this technological world, they became very backward without having any knowledge about technology. So they’re dependent on working hard for their daily earnings, they’re physically very weak. Thus charity organizations are made to help and raise them and also to give them hope to live.
Donate Us:
https://serudsindia.org/supporting-charity-for-elderly-people-india/
#oldagehome, #donateforeldersinkurnool, #donateforelders, #donationforelders, #donateforoldpeople, #donationforoldpeople, #sponsorforelders, #sponsorforoldpeople, #donationforcharity, #charity, #seruds, #kurnool, #donateforoldagehome, #oldagehomedonation
Recently uploaded (20)
2024: The FAR - Federal Acquisition Regulations, Part 43
2024: The FAR - Federal Acquisition Regulations, Part 43
The Power of Community Newsletters: A Case Study from Wolverton and Greenleys...
The Power of Community Newsletters: A Case Study from Wolverton and Greenleys...
GUIA_LEGAL_CHAPTER_8_COLOMBIAN ENVIROMENTAL REGIME.pdf
GUIA_LEGAL_CHAPTER_8_COLOMBIAN ENVIROMENTAL REGIME.pdf
SPONSORED CONTENT - Palmetier Law - Unleashing Small Business Innovations: A ...
SPONSORED CONTENT - Palmetier Law - Unleashing Small Business Innovations: A ...
Developing Country Case Study: Economics of Universal Mobile Access in Rwanda
- 1. Regulating Network Industries: Evidence from Rwanda’s Mobile Phone Network Daniel Björkegren Brown University @danbjork
- 2. Network effects Communication: phones, internet, WhatsApp, Facebook, TikTok, … Payments: mobile money, M-PESA, WeChat, … Platforms: Transportation: Uber, Ola, …
- 3. How to discipline? Mobile phone networks in sub-Saharan Africa: 2.5% of GDP (7% indirect, GSMA 2018) Platform for internet, mobile money, digital credit Managing Network Industries Regulation but rapid change Competition also requires regulation
- 4. Case Study: Rwanda’s Mobile Phone Network
- 5. Case Study: Rwanda’s Mobile Phone Network Use 5.3b transaction records from over 88% of mobile phones over 4.5 years Develop model of Rwanda’s mobile phone industry
- 6. 1. Taxes have spillover effects 48% tax in Rwanda To raise $1 from airtime/handset taxes in growing network: $1.22 Ignoring net effects Welfare cost: $1.21-1.37 to raise $1 from other taxes in Rwanda (Auriol and Warlters 2012) $2.95 Including net effects Telecom taxes: 7% of government revenue in SSA (GSMA 2008) Regulation
- 7. Universal Service Obligations: 2. Remote coverage benefits cities Benefits dispersed: 78% accrues to individuals whose coverage unaffected Low revenue towers Regulation
- 8. 3. Competition may help or hinder investment Three effects: • Lower prices (-) • Network effects foregone (-) • Business stealing effect (+) Competition
- 9. Welfare +1% GDP ROI higher Effect of Adding a Competitor Prices -30-50% Emerging networks have profound welfare implications for the poor This is a laboratory for understanding a network industry (More needed) Daniel Björkegren @danbjork Competition
Editor's Notes
- Most digital industries have network effects
- Growing networks an opportunity to raise funds for important programs
- Difficult for communities to finance tower construction themselves
- The regulation of emerging networks can have profound welfare implications for the world’s poorest economies. At a lower interconnection rate, incentives to invest would have declined