Determining the seed health status of germplasm of ICRISAT mandate crops for long term conservation in the genebank

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Genebanks are considered as reservoirs and sources of alleles for crop improvement. ICRISAT genebank serves as a world repository of germplasm of its six mandate crops: sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench)], pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.], chickpea [Cicer arietinum (L.)], pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millspaugh], groundnut [Arachis hypogaea (L.)], finger millet [Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertn.] and five small millets: foxtail millet [Setaria italica (L.) Beauv.], little millet (Panicum sumatrense Roth.ex Roem.& Schult.), barnyard millet [Echinochloa crussgalli (L.) Beauv.], proso millet [Panicum miliaceum (L.)] and kodo millet [Paspalum scrobiculatum (L.)]. It conserves over 120000 accessions collected from different countries which are available as International Public Goods (IPG).Plant Quarantine Unit of the ICRISAT helps genebank in conserving healthy germplasm for the safe exchange of germplasm.

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About ICRISAT: www.icrisat.org
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Nov 2019
Determining the seed health status of germplasm of ICRISAT
mandate crops for long term conservation in the genebank
P Humayun, BD Devamani, Karishma Chauhan, SA Kurella and Rajan Sharma
Plant Quarantine Unit, Research Program - Asia, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Patancheru-502324, Telangana, India
Email: R.Sharma@CGIAR.org
Introduction
Genebanks are considered as reservoirs and sources of alleles for crop improvement. ICRISAT genebank serves as a world
repository of germplasm of its six mandate crops: sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench)], pearl millet [Pennisetum
glaucum (L.) R. Br.], chickpea [Cicer arietinum (L.)], pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millspaugh], groundnut [Arachis
hypogaea (L.)], finger millet [Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertn.] and five small millets: foxtail millet [Setaria italica (L.) Beauv.],
little millet (Panicum sumatrense Roth.ex Roem.& Schult.), barnyard millet [Echinochloa crussgalli (L.) Beauv.], proso millet
[Panicum miliaceum (L.)] and kodo millet [Paspalum scrobiculatum (L.)]. It conserves over 120000 accessions collected
from different countries which are available as International Public Goods (IPG).
Plant Quarantine Unit of the ICRISAT helps genebank in conserving healthy germplasm for the safe exchange of germplasm.
Materials and Methods
Standard Blotter method was employed to determine the seed health status of 38, 234 genebank accessions of sorghum
(9704), pearl millet (6616), chickpea (8376) pigeonpea (5750), groundnut (3131), finger millet (3770) and five small millets
(887) during 2012 to 2018 (Fig. 1).
Results
▪▪ Of the 38,234 accessions, 6688 accessions (sorghum: 880; pearl millet: 703; chickpea: 2710; pigeonpea: 41; groundnut:
383; finger millet: 1664; and five small millets: 307) were free from fungal infections (Fig. 2).
▪▪ Saprophytic fungal contamination was found in 22,306 accessions [sorghum (5492), pearl millet (4819), chickpea (3195),
pigeonpea (4677), groundnut (1747), finger millet (1935) and five small millets (441)].
▪▪ A total of 9240 accessions comprising sorghum (3332), pearl millet (1094), chickpea (2471), pigeonpea (1032), groundnut
(1001), finger millet (171) and small millets (139) were found to be unfit for long term conservation and need to be
regenerated as these accessions were infected with pathogenic fungi
▪▪ The quarantine significant pathogens namely Pyricularia grisea, Fusarium oxysporum, Phoma spp, Bipolaris spp,
Exserohilum sp. Curvularia spp., Colletotrichum dematium, Alternaria alternata, Aspergillus flavus and Macrophomina
phaseolina were detected in the seed health tests (Fig. 3).
Acknowledgement
We acknowledge the ICRISAT genebank, GCDT and CGIAR
Genebank Platform for their financial support.
Sclerotia of Rhizoctonia bataticola on groundnut seed
Conidia of Pyricularia grisea
Acervuli of Colletotrichum sp. on
pigeonpea seed
Fig.3. Photomicrographs of pathogenic fungi detected in germplasm
accessions of ICRISAT genebank.
Pycnidia of Phoma sp.
on seed
Oozing out of conidia from pycnidia of
Macrophomina phaseolina on seed
Fig. 2. Seed Health Status of germplasm accessions determined during 2012 to 2018.
Fig. 1. Healthy (a) and infected (b) chickpea seeds in standard blotter test.
Conidia of Bipolaris sorghicola
a b

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