The document outlines the scope, location, climate, methodology, design considerations, and cost estimate for a proposed road project in Lalitpur District, Nepal. The scope includes surveying, mapping, drainage design, drawings, and estimates. The road runs from Badikhel to Badegaun along the Karmanasha River. Monsoon rains from June to August account for 80% of the annual rainfall. Methodology includes desk studies, surveys, social assessments, and office work. Design considers cross-sections, horizontal and vertical alignments, drainage, and pavements. Estimates include earthwork quantities and rates to determine total costs.

1. C. Scope
To review the existing study reports, standards and specifications.
Detailed engineering survey of alignment.
Preparation of topographical map.
Study for cross-drainage works and propose suitable drainage
structure.

2. Preparation of working drawings.
Preparation of quantity and cost estimate.
Preparation of survey and design report

3. D. Project location
The proposed road is located in the Lalitpur District,
Bagmati Zone, Central Region. The road starts from
Badikhel and ends at Badegaun.
The road runs along Karmanasha River corridor.
The latitude and the longitude of the starting point are
27057’07’’ and 85035’27’’ respectively.

4. F. Hydrology And Meteorology
Small temporary streams running only during monsoon crosses
the alignment with small discharge.
The project area experiences marked seasonal and specific
climate variation with moderately hot summer and relatively cool
winters. Average temperature is 25oC in summer and 10oC in
winter.
Almost 80% of the rainfall occurs during monsoon which starts
at the middle of the June and continues until the end of August.

5. METHODOLOGY
DESK STUDY
SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESMENT
FIELD WORK
EQUIPMENT USED FOR SURVEYING
OFFICE WORK

6. DESK STUDY
The geographical and the topographical maps
were studied and the relevant information
regarding the alignment selection, cross drainage
structures, gradient of the road were discussed.
The strategy for the field study was made
accordingly.
The study team member discussed the related
matters of the project.

7. SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESMENT
The study identified the following key social issues
for investigation:
Loss of private property and other assets (land,
houses and trees) and compensation modalities for
these losses.
Population displacement.

8.  EQUIPMENT USED FOR
SURVEYING
Total station
GPS device
Staff
Compass
Measuring tape
Hammer
Communicating Device

9. Road Classification
As per the NRS 2045, the road project falls on the
category of District Roads.

10.  A Design speed of 30 km/hr is taken for the
design of geometric parameters of the road.
Design Speed

11. The Design values are taken as recommended by NRS
2045 as far as practicable
The shoulder width is taken as 1 m considering the
site condition and the utility of the road
Minimum Gradient recommended by NRS (1% for
better drainage) cannot be incorporated considering
the site condition

12. Horizontal Alignment
 The most suitable horizontal alignment was selected
considering the following factors:
 Short (S)
 Easy (E)
 Safe (S)
 Economical (E)
 Minimum radius for the horizontal curve as
recommended by NRS is 12 m. The minimum radius of
12m is provided at the intersection of existing road
and proposed road.

13. The extrawidening and transition curves are not
provided owing to low design speed and simplicity in
construction
A maximum of 5 % super elevation is provided at each
horizontal curve.
Superelevation is provided by rotation of pavement
about the center line.
Transition length for super elevation is provided as 5 m

14. Summit curves are designed considering stopping sight
distance.
Valley curves are designed on the basis of night
visibility
The radius of vertical curve is adopted as large as
possible so that all the factors are satisfied
The least vertical radius taken in design is 1000 m

15. Cross Section Design
Cross section is designed providing camber of 4% on
carriageway and 5 % on shoulder
For embankment the side slope of 1.5H: 1V and for cut
the side slope of 1H: 1V is adopted
Total pavement thickness of 28 cm is adopted as per
CBR method of design

16. Gravel is used as the sub-base course
Otta Seal is used as the surface course

17. Drainage
Longitudinal drain is provided on the cut slope side of the
road
The side slope is 1:1 and longitudinal slope is parallel to the
alignment
Earthen drain is provided from chainage 0+000 to the
chainage of 1+251.35
Stoned masonry drain of thickness 20 cm is provided from the
chainage of 1+309.82 to chainage 2+027.24

18. Pipe culverts of 60 cm in diameter and total length of
7.5m are provided at 12 sections of the road
They are provided at the lowest point of the vertical
alignment
A minimum depth of 60 cm is provided between the
surface of the pavement and the crown of the pipe

19. Plan and Profile
• Ch. 0+000-0+200
• Ch. 0+200-0+480
• Ch. 0+480-0+760
• Ch. 0+760-1+040
• Ch. 1+040-1+360
• Ch. 1+360-1+700
• Ch. 1+700-2+027.24

20. Cross Section
• Ch. 0+000-0+271.50
• Ch. 0+280-0+500
• Ch. 0+511.92-0+680
• Ch. 0+683.87-0+760
• Ch. 0+780-0+920
• Ch. 0+936.71-1+125.89
• Ch. 1+130.75-1+213.66
• Ch.1+220-1+319.59
• Ch.1+320-1+380
• Ch.1+397.04-1+465.09
• Ch.1+480-1+545.77
• Ch.1+560-1+800
• Ch.1+800.91-1+980
• Ch.1+984.58-2+027.24

21. Typical Pavement
Cross Drainage Structure

22. ESTIMATE
Quantity Estimate
Calculation of Earthwork
Necessary Calculations
Rate Analysis
BoQ /Cost Estimate

23. QUANTITY ESTIMATE
•Earthwork Calculations:
Calculated at each cross-section
Separate calculation according to soil type
Total cut volume = 10283.57 m3
Total fill volume = 16052.44 m3
Balance (fill) = 5768.869 m3
Earthwork for drain = 768.129 m3
All the detailed calculation is shown in the tabular form
in the following slides:

24. Contd………
•Necessary calculations:
i. For side drain:
Calculations were made taking the following design
considerations:
 Section = trapezoidal
 Depth: 0.3m
 Base width: 0.3m
 Side slope: 1:1
 Unlined earthen canal(Ch. 0+000 to 1251.35)
 Lined canal: (ch.1+309.82 to Ch. 2+027.24)
ii. Sub-grade calculations:

25. RATE ANALYSIS
•Rate analysis was performed under the following
criteria:
The quantity of the materials, required labor force and
plants, machinery, tools and equipments were taken
from the work norms provided by the DoR.
The rate for the materials, labors, plants and
machinery, tools and equipments was taken from the
district rates provided by the Lalitpur DDC.

26. COST ESTIMATE
• The BoQ was prepared on the basis of the quantity of
work calculated and rate analysis done previously:
• The cost estimate is as below: