Deliverable 6 - Construct and Analyze a Game Tree Competency This competency will allow you to demonstrate your ability and skill in analyzing nonzero-sum games and synthesizing optimal strategies within them. Instructions A telecom company is considering upgrading their infrastructure in your city and they have hired G&B Consulting. The telecom company would be willing to invest in upgraded lines that offer higher speeds and bandwidth, but it is costly to do so and they are afraid they might make the investment but not have customers willing to upgrade their services which would be needed to recoup their profits. The alternative would be to keep the old infrastructure, but there are already a high amount of service complaints from the customer base. The telecom company needs to determine if investing in the improved service will pay off for them by having a sufficient amount of customers buy the upgraded service. You have been tasked with helping them determine their optimum strategy. What to Submit To complete this assignment, you must first download the word document . Your step-by-step breakdown of the problems, including explanations and all work shown, should be present within the PowerPoint you create. Do not submit the Word document with instructions. Theory: When students have more activities that are engaging on campus, the numbers at the institution will increase. Hypothesis: If students are engaged in more activities, then the enrollment rate will most likely increase at Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs). Explanation of Hypothesis: If it X then ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- it is Y Here X1 is Student Engagement Y1/X2 is retention Y is the student number will increase Concept 1Concept 2 Student Engagement Retention Conceptualization 1Conceptualization 2 1) Spontaneous participation in homecoming 1) More students remained enrolled 2) Joining student organizations ex: Student Government, NAACP 2) Students will complete the degree 3) Spontaneous participation is community outreach programming Conceptualization Numbers will increase 1) More students will enroll in school 2) Current students will recruit their friends and family Operationalization 1Operationalization 2 1) How likely is it for you to participate in homecoming events? 1) How likely will a student remain enrolled if they 2) How likely is it for you to stay active in the student organization? 3) How many times a month do you participate in community outreach? Operationalization 3 1)How likely is it for students to enroll in courses the following semester? 2) How likely is it for current students to recruit their friends and family? Running Head: AGGRESSION LEVELS OF MALES FROM AFRICAN AMERICAN MALES 1 AGGRESSION LEVELS OF MALES FROM AFRICAN AMERICANS 2 Aggression Levels of males from African America.

1. Deliverable 6 - Construct and Analyze a Game Tree
Competency
This competency will allow you to demonstrate your ability and
skill in analyzing nonzero-sum games and synthesizing optimal
strategies within them.
Instructions
A telecom company is considering upgrading their
infrastructure in your city and they have hired G&B Consulting.
The telecom company would be willing to invest in upgraded
lines that offer higher speeds and bandwidth, but it is costly to
do so and they are afraid they might make the investment but
not have customers willing to upgrade their services which
would be needed to recoup their profits. The alternative would
be to keep the old infrastructure, but there are already a high
amount of service complaints from the customer base. The
telecom company needs to determine if investing in the
improved service will pay off for them by having a sufficient
amount of customers buy the upgraded service. You have been
tasked with helping them determine their optimum strategy.
What to Submit
To complete this assignment, you must first download the word
document
.
Your step-by-step breakdown of the problems, including
explanations and all work shown, should be present within the
PowerPoint you create. Do not submit the Word document with
instructions.
Theory: When students have more activities that are engaging
on campus, the numbers at the institution will increase.
Hypothesis: If students are engaged in more activities, then the
enrollment rate will most likely increase at Historically Black
Colleges and Universities (HBCUs).

2. Explanation of Hypothesis:
If it X then -------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------- it is Y
Here X1 is Student Engagement Y1/X2 is
retention Y is the student number will increase
Concept 1Concept 2
Student Engagement
Retention
Conceptualization 1Conceptualization 2
1) Spontaneous participation in homecoming
1) More students remained enrolled
2) Joining student organizations ex: Student Government,
NAACP 2) Students will complete the degree
3) Spontaneous participation is community outreach
programming
Conceptualization
Numbers will increase
1) More students will enroll in school
2) Current students will recruit their friends and family
Operationalization 1Operationalization 2
1) How likely is it for you to participate in homecoming events?
1) How likely will a student remain enrolled if they
2) How likely is it for you to stay active in the student
organization?
3) How many times a month do you participate in community
outreach?
Operationalization 3
1)How likely is it for students to enroll in courses the following
semester?
2) How likely is it for current students to recruit
their friends and family?

3. Running Head: AGGRESSION LEVELS OF MALES FROM
AFRICAN AMERICAN MALES 1
AGGRESSION LEVELS OF MALES FROM AFRICAN
AMERICANS 2
Aggression Levels of males from African American
Emoni Freeman
Edward Waters College
Social Research Methods
Aggression Levels of Males from African American
Abstract
This study critically provides a review on the absence of
African American and opens way for investigations on how the
levels of aggression of African American males are affected by
the absence of father when growing up. There exists a gap in the
extant theoretical studies as they have not sufficiently addressed
this specific aspect of life among the male gender. The theories
have touch on how other factors have been affected by the
absence of fathers but not touched on the aggression levels of
the male in regard to their fathers’ absence. Here, the researcher
intends to review all the empirical studies and give the direction
as well as the recommendations.

4. Introduction
Among the African American society, there has been a rampant
growth of female headed families where most families are being
brought up by single parent that is the mother. This means that
the resultant children face the challenge of getting the
appropriate role models and most of them end up getting
unsuitable role models. These purported role model men may be
engaged in outlawed behaviour (Pearson, 2018). There has been
complete negligence of the support and advisership by
traditional homes which has also made the youth to reject it.
The absence of a suitable father has in most cases be attached
the reason why majority of the affected youth have juvenile-
delinquent behaviour, drug abuse among others.
Statement of the Problem
This study will aim at determining how the absence of fathers
has affected the aggression levels of African American male
children. The researcher will also try to find out the correlation
between the level of aggression of male children and the
absence of their farther during upbringing. In the past, there
have been cases of fathers not taking part in the lives of their
children and this has been very common among the African
American society (Johnson, 2017). The children are therefore
left to make their own choice of lifestyle and these choices are
well manifested during their adolescent stage.
Hypothesis
The researcher will base his study on the following hypothesis
t; the aggression levels of African American males that emanate
from female headed families are higher than those who steam
from families headed by both parents. Additionally, a child who
hails from a family headed by the father alone has extremely
high aggression levels compared to the one emanating from a
family headed by the mother alone and the aggression levels of
African male children from families headed by father are higher
compare to the one of those from families headed by both
parents.

5. Methodology
The researcher will use both primary sources and secondary
sources to accomplish his study. He will pick one male African
American child from who is growing from a single parent
family where the father is not there. The will observe this child
perceives this as well as how aggressive he is and then draw his
conclusions. Moreover, the researcher will pick another African
American male child hailing from a single parented family
where the mother is not there. He will also observe his trait that
is how he perceives aspects of life and also how aggressive he
is and draw his findings. Lastly, the researcher will pick a child
from a family headed by both parent, observe his perception
about life as well as his aggressiveness towards life issues and
make his conclusions.
Significance of the study
The main objective of this study will be to establish how
father’s absence effects on the lifestyle and aggressiveness of
African American male children. There exists several studies
done on this matter and ruled out the benefits that accrue to a
family as a result of the fathers presence that is there if very
strong positive correlation between the father’s presence and
the children’s well-being (Murphy, 2017).
Assumptions
In this study, the researcher will make an assumption that the
literature review that he will be relying on at some point in his
research work was accurately reported.
References
Johnson, I. J. (2017). Behavioral Impacts of Father Absence on
Middle School African American Boys. Retrieved from
https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?referer=h

6. ttps://scholar.google.com/&httpsredir=1&article=5247&context
=dissertations
Murphy, J. J. (2017). Lessons learned from examining how
African American males experience developing a sense of
masculinity (Doctoral dissertation, Capella
University).retrieved from
https://search.proquest.com/openview/ec04e30fe0532ea3cf0d04
8cb6883ed9/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=18750&diss=y
Pearson, M. Y. (2018). A Phenomenological Study of Absentee
African American Fathers (Doctoral dissertation, Capella
University). Retrieved from
https://search.proquest.com/openview/35b6bf1ad88a56b7237e6c
b0d252e0be/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=18750&diss=y
*Tentative Content of A Research Proposal
(Part 1) A
1) A Title Page (Usually with a Question)
2) Statement of your research interest
· Personal
· Policy
· Academic
3) Literature Review
· Focus on peer-reviewed journals
· Google is not a good place [e.g., Pro-quest, Thompson Gail,
etc. ]
· Learn how to narrow down your search [e.g. and]
· Confined yourself within the study of Abstracts.
· Choose a handful of articles on the basis of your abstract
study.
· Be selective in choosing books.

7. Then you write the literature review [like a lawyer you make
your case]:
· Identify theories (their strength and weakness) & their world-
view (paradigm).
· Identify methodologies and data collection (their strength and
weakness]
· The conclusion will be your theory or almost the theory
4) State your theory (implicit or explicit)
Part 1 B
Fact and Theory
1) Theory
TheoryHypothesis ->
ConceptConceptualizationOperationalization

8. 2) Hypothesis
a) What we mean by the term Hypothesis
· It makes a theory Testable
· It predicts/guess an outcome in an
experiment/research/process
c) Usually Hypothesis is designed in terms of Cause & Effect.
[If X then Y]
· Always cause comes first and effect comes second (time order)
· Cause is the Independent Variable (IV) and effect is the
Dependent Variable (DV)
d) Ceteris paribus: (X Y provided all other variables remain
constant)
e) Two types of cause: i) Necessary Cause
ii) Sufficient Cause
f) i) Null Hypothesis H0
ii) Alternative Hypothesis HA
3) Concept: (A Mental Image of something physical or
abstract).
4) Conceptualization: (The process of specifying the concept,
e.g. Religiosity, Love, etc.).
5) Operationalization: (The process of assigning values
(numbers) to the Conceptualized items.)
With values comes the issue of Measurement: i) Nominal, ii)
Ordinal, iii) Interval, & iv) Ratio.
Here comes the issue of Validity and Reliability
6) Questionnaire construction [in case of Survey Research]

9. Developing Expermental, control, and comparison groups
[in case of Experimental Research].
Part 3
Research Design:
1) {Mention what kind of Research
(Descriptive/Exploratory/Explanatory/Evaluation) you have
chosen & Why?} //Deductive and Inductive approach
2) {Mention what kind of Research technique (e.g. survey,
experiment, field Research, case study, document study,
Unobtrusive, etc) you have chosen & Why?
3) {Describe/explain your techniques (e.g. sample size, target
population, data collection, etc.)
· How we determine the sample size [Magic number 30, large is
good, hetro & homo population, not the fraction.]
· Simple random, stratified, systematic, availability, quota,
snow-ball, purposive.
Part 4
4)
5)
6)
7) Data collection
· Be careful not to make error in Collecting Data [e.g. level,
observation, selection, etc.]
8) Data Analysis (for example) [Make the data set Machine
readable]
a) [Code book
b) Data entry
c) Data cleaning]

10. d) Data Analysis techniques (Elaborate)
For Example:
1) Frequency run
i) Univariate analysis (e.g. mean, media, mode, histogram,
charts, range, std, etc)
ii) Bivariate analysis (e.g., correlation)
e) Ethical Issues
f) Budget
g) Time-line (etc.)
9) Conclusion. (Remember it is not a conclusion about your
research topic or future outcome but the merit of your
proposal).
From Literature Review you make your conclusion (it should be
close to your theory).
***
2nd PART
1) Theory {e.g. Wide prevalence of Chaos and deviant behavior
in the society is resulted out of lack of religiosity in it}.
2) Hypothesis {e.g. If couples are religious then most likely
their marriage will be a stable one}.
Explanation of Hypothesis:
If it X then -------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------- it is Y
Here X is Religiosity And Y
is the stable family
Religiosity is the cause and
Stable Family is the effect
Religiosity is the Independent Variable (IV) and
Stable Family is the DV
Religion comes First (t1) then
Stable Family comes 2nd (t2)
· This hypothesis has two concept : Religious and stable family

11. Concept 1concept 2
Religious Stable
Family
Conceptualization 1Conceptualization 2
1) Faith in God 1) absence of
verbal conflict
2) Going to Mosque 2) absence of
physical conflict
3) Watching religious TV 3) faithful to
other spouse
Operationalization 1Operationalization 2
1) How strong is your faith in God 1) How
often or how many time you engaged in verbal conflict
2) How often or how many times you go to Church 2)
How often or how many time you engaged in physical conflict
3) How often or how many times you Watch Religious TV
program 3) What degree you are Faithful to your spouse
Questionnaire Construction:
1) Address Questions (like your last 4 digit of social, your age,
ethnicity, education etc. at the beginning)
2) Then all your questions will be limited with the dimension of
operationalized items.
Example here Do you believe in god Yes ____ or
No _______ (nominal level) {next one is ordinal}
Or How strong is your faith in God Very ____ some
______ Not sure ____ Not really ____ Not at All ___
2nd Question How many times you go church in a week
[interval/ratio] {next one is ordinal}
Or How often you go to church: [Quit often ____ some
time ___ Not sure ___ Not really ____ Not at All ___]
Folks, remember these are simple examples. Here, things mostly
depend on your hypothesis. Let me know if you need help.

12. Deliverable 06 – Worksheet
The market research team working on this project creates this
payoff matrix that represents the scaled values that customers
give to the different levels of service and the corresponding
payoffs for the telecom company:
Customer
Telecom Company
Buy
Don’t Buy
Upgrade
(2, 2)
(0, 1)
Don’t Upgrade
(3, 0)
(1, 1)
You recognize that the payoff matrix is not the best way to
analyze this scenario. You will construct a game tree to model
the scenario and perform backwards induction to find the
optimum strategy, explaining all of your reasoning along the
way.
Slide 1
· Explain why a game tree must be used in this scenario instead
of a payoff matrix.
· Identify who will go first in the game
Slide 2

13. · Draw the game tree that represents the scenario using the
payoff matrix given above.
· Identify and explain any non-credible threats.
Slide 3
· Redraw the game tree with any non-credible threats removed.
· Identify and explain where the first step of backwards
induction will occur.
Slide 4
· Using the game tree from slide 3, perform the first step of
backwards induction.
· Explain your reasoning behind the step you took.
Slide 5
· Redraw the game tree after the first step of backwards
induction.
· Identify where the next step of backwards induction occurs.
Slide 6
· Using the game tree from slide 5, perform the next step of
backwards induction.
· Explain your reasoning behind the step you took.
Slide 7
· Redraw the game tree after the step you took in slide 6.
· Identify the optimum strategy of the game.