The document provides information about LAMP technology including its components (Linux, Apache, MySQL, PHP), advantages, and installation process. It then discusses Linux operating system basics such as commands, directory structure, and editors. The document also covers Apache web server configuration, running, and modules. It describes MySQL database including basic and advanced queries, procedures, and functions.

1. LAMP TECHNOLOGY PRESENTATION BY P.DEEPA

3. Linux (operating system),

4. Apache HTTP Server,

5. MySQL (database software) and

6. PHP.

8. Unix-like computer operating system ,open-source software where source code is provided with operating system, which can be edited according to specific needs.

9. Apache

10. free software/open source web server

12. multithreaded, multi-user, SQL database management system

13. PHP

14. reflective programming language originally designed for producing dynamic web pages

16. Easy to deploy a PHP app. Once you’ve got MySQL running, simply upload your .php files.

17. Develop locally

18. Cheap and ubiquitous hosting

20. Extract the downloaded archive file to /opt :

21. tar xvfz xampp-linux-1.7.3a.tar.gz -C /opt

22. start XAMPP simply calling the command :

23. /opt/lampp/lampp start

24. Test by typing in the following URL at web browser : http://localhost

25. LINUX ( OPERATING SYSTEM )

27. It is designed for to provide personal computer users a free or at very low-cost .

28. It has a reputation as a very efficient & fast performing systems.

29. Linux was developed by Linux Torvalds at the University of Helsinki in Finland.

31. No need to buy costly hardwares for the basic need(like RAM,Processor).

32. We are free from viruses no need to buy the antivirus softwares separately..

34. It is free from pirated software so that we can share it with others is legal.

35. It wont get slow like windows operating system.

36. It upgrades all installation automatically.

38. Security.

39. Choice(freedom).

40. Software.

41. Hardware.

43. Compatibility.

44. Alternative Programs.

45. BASIC LINUX COMMANDS: 1. Show who is logged on and what they are doing. $ w 2.Show who is logged on. $ who

46. 3.Create empty file of 0 byte $ touch 4.Remove file $ rm 5. List files. $ ls

47. 6. Create/Make a new directory. $ mkdir 7. Clear the terminal screen. $clear 8.Display information on free used memory. $ free

48. 9.Check current date and time. $ date 10.Compare two files. $ cmp file1 file2 11.To save and exit. Ctrl -d

50. -d list the name of the current directory.

51. -F show directories with a trailing '/'

52. executable files with a trailing '*'.

53. -t sort by time modified instead of name.

55. -i print the inode number of each file

56. -l long listing giving details about files and directories

57. 13.Prints a calendar for the specified month of the specified year. $cal month year 14.It will show you the full path to the directory you are currently in. $pwd ( print working directory)

58. 15.Type mv followed by the current name of a directory and the new name of the directory. $mv( change the name of a directory)

59. LINUX DIRECTORY STRUCTURE

61. The starting point of your directory structure.

62. Every other file and directory on system is under the root directory.

64. < /bin >

65. It contains the most important programs that the system needs to operate, such as the shells, ls, grep, and other essential things.

67. < /dev >

68. The devices that are available to a Linux system.

70. Most of these files are text files and can be edited by hand.

71. < /home >

72. This is where users keep their personal files are allowed to write files.

74. < /mnt >

75. This directory is used for mount points.

76. < /sbin, /usr/sbin >

77. Most system administration programs are stored in these directories.

79. </usr/share>

80. Config files and graphics for many user apps.

81. < /usr/local >

82. This is where you install apps and other files for use on the local machine.

84. emacs - GNU editor and fully integrated user environment

85. ex - Powerful line-based editor (integrated with vi)

87. sed - Stream-oriented (non- interactive) line-based editor

88. vi - Classic screen-based editor for UNIX

89. vim - Vi IMproved, enhanced support for programmers

91. The Cron, at, batch Command is used for Scheduling Execution of Command according to requirements.

92. Cron is a system deamon that keeps sleeping most of the time.

94. The name of this crontab file will be the user's login name .

96. Cron tab files will be present in the

97. /var/ spool/ cron/ crontabs directory .

98. It Should be executed periodically at a specific day, date and time .

101. It is very secure, fast, and reliable.

102. The name &quot;Apache&quot; derives from the word &quot;patchy&quot; that the Apache developers used to describe early versions of their software.

104. Customized responses to errors and problems

105. Virtual Hosts

106. Multiple DirectoryIndex directives

107. It has been tested thoroughly by both developers and users.

109. Apache also supports plug-in modules for extensibility.

111. HTTP

112. IIS

113. SSL

114. The Apache Web server has been ported to Windows and other network operating systems (NOS).

116. It provides a standard for Web browsers and servers to communicate.

117. It is a technical specification of a network protocol that software must implement.

118. HTTP is an application layer network protocol built on top of TCP.

120. The three main HTTP message types are

121. GET, POST, and HEAD.

122. HTTP utilizes TCP port 80 by default.

125. It is implemented in the device drivers of network operating systems .

126. It is most commonly seen on Ethernet networks, ATM, Token Ring , and other physical networks .

128. DHCP is a protocol that assigns unique IP addresses to devices, then releases and renews these addresses as devices leave and re-join the network.

130. FTP is a simple network protocol based on Internet Protocol.

132. SSL security technology helps to improve the safety of Internet communications.

133. SSL is a standard for encrypted client/server communication between network devices.

134. A network protocol, SSL runs on top of TCP/IP.

135. CONFIGURATION Instead of using a point-and-click graphic user interface (GUI) or Windows Registry keys as most other modern software packages, Apache generally relies on simple text files for its configuration settings.

137. These files appear in Apache's ./conf directory and are designed to be edited by system administrators:

138. httpd.conf for general settings

139. srm.conf for resource settings

140. access.conf for security settings

142. It is configured to run standalone for better performance for incoming HTTP requests from client web browsers.

144. To start up Apache for the first time, just run:

145. # /usr/local/sbin/apachectl start

147. # /usr/local/sbin/apachectl stop

148. After making changes to the configuration file for any reason, you will need to restart the server:

149. # /usr/local/sbin/apachectl restart

151. # /usr/local/sbin/apachectl graceful

153. but not all of Apache's configuration options.

154. Other important mechanisms for managing an Apache Web server include the

155. .htaccess file, the mime.types file,

156. and the family of log files .

157. MySQL(DATABASE SOFTWARE)

159. It is used to add,access and process data stored in a computer database.

160. It is a RDBMS store in a separate tables rather than putting all the data in one big store room.It adds speed and flexibility.

162. due to the connectivity,speed ,security.

163. It works in Client/Server or embedded system.

164. A large amount of contributed MySQL software is available. WHAT IS MySQL? continue..

166. Several different client programs,

167. Libraries,

168. Administration tools,

169. Wide range of API's.

171. It is fast comparing to other Database system such as PostgreSQL,mSQL.

172. It is light weight yet offers a rich and highly useful function set.

173. It is supported well by users community.

175. SELECT Command - is used to retrieve data from the database.

176. DELETE Command - is used to delete data from the database.

178. UPDATE Command - is used to update the data in a table.

179. DROP Command - is used to delete or drop the database/table.

180. SYNTAX FOR QUERY COMMANDS 1. CREATE Command : The Create command is used to create a table by specifying the tablename, fieldnames and constraints as shown below: Syntax: $createSQL=(&quot;CREATE TABLE tblName&quot;);

181. 2. SELECT Command : It is used to select the records from a table using its field names, '*' is used to select all the fields in a table. Syntax: $selectSQL=(&quot;SELECT field_names FROM tablename&quot;);

182. 3 .DELETE Command : The Delete command is used to delete the records from a table using conditions as shown below: Syntax: $deleteSQL=(&quot;DELETE * FROM tablename WHERE condition&quot;);

183. 4. INSERT Command : The Insert command is used to insert records into a table. The values are assigned to the field names as shown below: Syntax: $insertSQL=(&quot;INSERT INTO tblname(fieldname1,fieldname2..) VALUES(value1,value2,...) &quot;);

184. 5. UPDATE Command : It is used to update the field values using conditions. This is done using 'SET' and the fieldnames to assign new values to them. Syntax: $updateSQL=(&quot;UPDATE Tblname SET (fieldname1=value1,fieldname2=value2,...) WHERE fldstudid=IdNumber&quot;);

185. 6. DROP Command: The Drop command is used to delete all the records in a table using the table name as shown below: Syntax: $dropSQL=(&quot;DROP tblName&quot;);

187. It is used to retrieve the data from all tables listed.

188. REPLACE:

189. It searches a character string and replaces characters found in search string.

191. It removes any leading (left-hand) spaces in a character string.

192. RTRIM :

193. It works like LTRIM, but it removes trailing spaces.

195. It takes in a numeric expression and returns one of the following values based on the sign of the input number:

196. − 1 - Input number is negative.

197. 0 - Input number is zero.

198. 1 - Input number is positive.

199. Null - Input number is null.

201. It takes in a single numeric expression and returns its square root.

202. CEILING (CEIL) :

203. It rounds up to the next nearest whole number.

204. F LOOR :

205. It rounds down to the next nearest whole number.

207. Adds the supplied number of months to the supplied date.

208. CURRENT_DATE :

209. Returns the current date in the time zone set for the DB session.

210. EXTRACT : Extracts the specified date field from the supplied date. LAST_DAY : Returns of supplied date with the day shifted to the last day of the month.

212. WHY USE PROCEDURES AND FUNCTIONS? The real advantage to using stored procedures and stored functions is that they provide functionality which is platform and application independant.

214. a PHP application on a web server With procedures and functions the functionality only has to be developed once.

215. CREATING MySQL PROCEDURES A stored procedure is the same as a subroutine in that it cannot directly return a result, however it can receive variables that can be modified by the procedure.

217. out - the variable can only be used as an output from the procedure.

218. inout - this is both an input to, and an output from, the procedure.

221. call circle_area(22, @a) ;

222. select @a ;

223. In this example 1520.5308443375 would be displayed on the screen.

225. deterministic - will always produce the same result for any given inputs

227. declare any inputs,

228. define the data type to be returned by the function,

229. state whether or not the function is deterministic,

230. define the body of the function .

231. For example : delimiter // create function circumference (r double) returns double deterministic begin declare c double; set c = 2 * r * pi(); return c; end // delimiter ;

233. In this case (for anyone that's interested) the result would be 138.23007675795 .

235. Start by uploading the FILE.sql file to the server where we will be running this command. # mysql -u username -ppassword database_name < FILE.sql

237. # mysqldump -u username -ppassword database_name > FILE.sql

238. PHP

240. It is an open source software and free to download to use.

241. It is a server-side scripting language, like ASP and scripts are executed on the server.

242. It supports many databases ( MySQL, Informix, Oracle, Sybase, Solid, PostgreSQL, Generic ODBC, etc .)

244. Three main areas where PHP scripts are used :

245. Server-side scripting

246. Command line scripting

247. Writing desktop applications

249. It can plugin with most of the databasesand use of variables $$var.

250. It support services using protocols such as LDAP, IMAP, SNMP, NNTP, POP3, HTTP, COM (on Windows)

252. Easy deployment and cost effective hosting.

253. Power ful built in functions.

255. Not good to create desktop Applications.

257. If the computer can run web server software, the PHP application is portable across operating systems and environments ... PC, Mac, Linux, Windows, Internet, Intranet, etc.

260. There are two basic statements to output text with PHP:

261. echo and print

262. Note :

263. The file must have a .php extension.

264. If the file has a .html extension, the PHP code will not be executed.

266. The Settings in which upload directory, register global variables, display errors, log errors, max uploading size setting, maximum time to execute a script and other configurations is written in this file.

268. In order for PHP to read it, it must be named 'php.ini' .

269. The php.ini directives allows us to set configure our PHP setup.

271. process_sections -Optional.Default is FALSE.

273. null, yes, no, true, and false.

274. The following reserved characters that must not be used in the keys:

275. {}|&~![()&quot;.

276. CONTENTS OF &quot;test.ini&quot; [names] me = Robert you = Peter [urls] first = &quot;http://www.example.com&quot; second = &quot;http://www.w3schools.com&quot;

277. PHP CODE: <?php print_r(parse_ini_file(&quot;test.ini&quot;)); ?> OUTPUT : ( [me] => Robert [you] => Peter [first] => http://www.example.com [second] => http://www.w3schools.com )

278. THANK YOU..