The deep sea port development as an economic infrastructure influences positively on the growth of a country. The economic history of Britain, Netherlands, and Singapore, known as the maritime powers in the world, undoubtedly proves the important role of ports played in the development of their economies. Establishment of a deep-sea port has become strategically very critical for Bangladesh considering its potential impact on the development and economic growth of the country.Port economics and macroeconomics are closely related.So changes in port traffic or operation and port organization has a significant impact on national economy especially on the hinterland. This study, therefore, has focused on the importance of deep seaport in the national development of Bangladesh. Moreover, the paper gives an overview of a deep seaport and national development in respect of Bangladesh.The study also indicates the effect of a deep seaport on national development. At the end, this study states some recommendations for the establishment of the deep sea port.Those Includes-Studies on the selection of strategic location, details investigation of hinterland connectivity, the decision on investment and proper planning etc.
This document provides an introduction and overview of the Indian port sector. It discusses how the port sector is undergoing transformation due to economic reforms and privatization efforts. It notes that cargo traffic in Indian ports has grown significantly over the past decades. The document outlines some of the key issues and debates around ongoing port reforms in India, including questions around the future role of private sector players and the need for modernization and greater efficiency in the port system. It aims to provide a broad perspective on the macro-level business and policy issues impacting the development of the Indian port sector.
This document provides a summary of a report on the Indian port sector over the past 10 years. It begins with an acknowledgement of the contributions of various individuals and organizations to the research and production of the report. The preface then outlines the purpose and scope of the report, which is to provide an overview of the key trends, issues and developments in the Indian port sector from a business perspective, in order to generate broader awareness and understanding of the sector. It notes that while several port-specific studies have been conducted, comprehensive information on the macro-level workings of the entire sector has been lacking. The report aims to fill this information gap by pulling together discrete but important themes and topics relating to ongoing port reforms in India. It
This document provides an overview of port economics and development in India. It discusses how ports are critical to a country's economic development and international trade as they allow for imports and exports. The globalization of trade has increased cargo volumes and demand for ports. It then summarizes India's maritime trade trends in recent decades, including growth in containerized cargo and shifts in export-import composition. It also reviews cargo traffic growth at major and non-major Indian ports from 1951 to 2008. Finally, it discusses ongoing reforms and privatization in India's port sector and questions around the future roles of private sector and minor ports.
The document analyzes the performance of major and minor ports in India. It finds that while average turnaround time and output per ship have improved, efficiency is impacted by outdated infrastructure, overstaffing, and bureaucratic red tape. The document recommends increasing private sector participation, boosting capacity, strengthening supply chain connectivity, and providing ports more autonomy to improve competitiveness.
Port Efficiency and Supply Chain: Implication for BangladeshDr. Amarjeet Singh
Port and supply chains are closely connected to each other as a port is considered as an important node of the global supply chain. Sothe efficiency level of port has an impact on the performance of supply chain operations. Chittagong port is the principal seaport of Bangladesh and it provides a major gateway to the outside world. The cost of doing business is increasing as a result of the inefficiency in the main seaport of the country. In this paper, an effort has been taken to examine the efficiency of Chittagong Port and the causal factors of inefficiency. The impact of inefficiency at Chittagong port on the supply chain of Bangladesh has also been identified. To do this, at first a relationship has been built between port efficiency and supply chain in respect of Bangladesh.
Relevant data has been gathered through extensive review of the literature, field surveys, interacting with top management of different business entities such as shipping agency, freight forwarder, logistics companies, exporter, importer as well as Government regulatory and monitoring bodies using both the structured and unstructured questionnaires.
The study has revealed that theinefficiency at Chittagong port causes serious consequences on the supply chain of exporter and importer and lead to loss and disruption of trade and ultimately incur extra costs and time. This paper, therefore, recommends a substantial infrastructure improvement to Chittagong port along with other related measures in order to facilitate the supply chain of exporter and importer.
This study analyzed facilities available at major ports in India based on surveys of 80 port employees and 40 ship owners. The results showed that while major facilities like warehouses, cargo terminals, and ship repair docks were available at over 90% of ports, some important facilities were lacking. Specifically, sprinkler systems, fire detection, and backup electricity were only available at 50-70% of ports. Additionally, alarm systems did not cover all buildings and fences at most ports. However, facilities like 24-hour security guards were universally available. The study concluded there is room for improvement in certain facilities to enhance port operations and efficiency in India.
Seaport as an Infrastructure Project in india - PIF (from investor side)Nishant Bangar
This slides deal with infrastructure options & scope in seaports over the past & coming years. We took PESTEL, & various evaluation method into considerations.
This document provides an overview of ports in India. It includes statistics on cargo traffic and capacity at major and non-major ports in India. Some key points:
- Cargo traffic at major ports is expected to increase from 606 million metric tonnes in FY16 to 943 million metric tonnes in FY17, growing at a CAGR of 55.53%. Traffic at non-major ports is projected to rise from 466 million metric tonnes to 815 million metric tonnes over the same period.
- Between FY07-FY16, cargo traffic grew at a CAGR of 3% at major ports. Solid cargo saw 2% growth, while liquid and container cargo
This document provides an introduction and overview of the Indian port sector. It discusses how the port sector is undergoing transformation due to economic reforms and privatization efforts. It notes that cargo traffic in Indian ports has grown significantly over the past decades. The document outlines some of the key issues and debates around ongoing port reforms in India, including questions around the future role of private sector players and the need for modernization and greater efficiency in the port system. It aims to provide a broad perspective on the macro-level business and policy issues impacting the development of the Indian port sector.
This document provides a summary of a report on the Indian port sector over the past 10 years. It begins with an acknowledgement of the contributions of various individuals and organizations to the research and production of the report. The preface then outlines the purpose and scope of the report, which is to provide an overview of the key trends, issues and developments in the Indian port sector from a business perspective, in order to generate broader awareness and understanding of the sector. It notes that while several port-specific studies have been conducted, comprehensive information on the macro-level workings of the entire sector has been lacking. The report aims to fill this information gap by pulling together discrete but important themes and topics relating to ongoing port reforms in India. It
This document provides an overview of port economics and development in India. It discusses how ports are critical to a country's economic development and international trade as they allow for imports and exports. The globalization of trade has increased cargo volumes and demand for ports. It then summarizes India's maritime trade trends in recent decades, including growth in containerized cargo and shifts in export-import composition. It also reviews cargo traffic growth at major and non-major Indian ports from 1951 to 2008. Finally, it discusses ongoing reforms and privatization in India's port sector and questions around the future roles of private sector and minor ports.
The document analyzes the performance of major and minor ports in India. It finds that while average turnaround time and output per ship have improved, efficiency is impacted by outdated infrastructure, overstaffing, and bureaucratic red tape. The document recommends increasing private sector participation, boosting capacity, strengthening supply chain connectivity, and providing ports more autonomy to improve competitiveness.
Port Efficiency and Supply Chain: Implication for BangladeshDr. Amarjeet Singh
Port and supply chains are closely connected to each other as a port is considered as an important node of the global supply chain. Sothe efficiency level of port has an impact on the performance of supply chain operations. Chittagong port is the principal seaport of Bangladesh and it provides a major gateway to the outside world. The cost of doing business is increasing as a result of the inefficiency in the main seaport of the country. In this paper, an effort has been taken to examine the efficiency of Chittagong Port and the causal factors of inefficiency. The impact of inefficiency at Chittagong port on the supply chain of Bangladesh has also been identified. To do this, at first a relationship has been built between port efficiency and supply chain in respect of Bangladesh.
Relevant data has been gathered through extensive review of the literature, field surveys, interacting with top management of different business entities such as shipping agency, freight forwarder, logistics companies, exporter, importer as well as Government regulatory and monitoring bodies using both the structured and unstructured questionnaires.
The study has revealed that theinefficiency at Chittagong port causes serious consequences on the supply chain of exporter and importer and lead to loss and disruption of trade and ultimately incur extra costs and time. This paper, therefore, recommends a substantial infrastructure improvement to Chittagong port along with other related measures in order to facilitate the supply chain of exporter and importer.
This study analyzed facilities available at major ports in India based on surveys of 80 port employees and 40 ship owners. The results showed that while major facilities like warehouses, cargo terminals, and ship repair docks were available at over 90% of ports, some important facilities were lacking. Specifically, sprinkler systems, fire detection, and backup electricity were only available at 50-70% of ports. Additionally, alarm systems did not cover all buildings and fences at most ports. However, facilities like 24-hour security guards were universally available. The study concluded there is room for improvement in certain facilities to enhance port operations and efficiency in India.
Seaport as an Infrastructure Project in india - PIF (from investor side)Nishant Bangar
This slides deal with infrastructure options & scope in seaports over the past & coming years. We took PESTEL, & various evaluation method into considerations.
This document provides an overview of ports in India. It includes statistics on cargo traffic and capacity at major and non-major ports in India. Some key points:
- Cargo traffic at major ports is expected to increase from 606 million metric tonnes in FY16 to 943 million metric tonnes in FY17, growing at a CAGR of 55.53%. Traffic at non-major ports is projected to rise from 466 million metric tonnes to 815 million metric tonnes over the same period.
- Between FY07-FY16, cargo traffic grew at a CAGR of 3% at major ports. Solid cargo saw 2% growth, while liquid and container cargo
The global shipbuilding industry has grown significantly over the past few years, with output increasing at an annual rate of 8.3% between 2000-2005. Demand is high and order books are full for shipyards for the next 3 years. The industry is dominated by conventional vessels like tankers, bulk carriers, and container ships. Major players are located in Japan, South Korea, and China, which together account for over 70% of the world's shipbuilding output. The Indian shipbuilding industry is also growing and expected to reach $1.3 billion by 2015, though it still only accounts for 1% of the global industry currently.
Bangladesh has a long history of indigenous shipbuilding dating back to ancient times. It was historically a center of shipbuilding in Asia between the 15th-17th centuries. While the industry declined, there are now over 200 shipbuilding yards in Bangladesh. The country sees opportunities to expand its shipbuilding industry due to growing global demand for small and medium ships that traditional shipbuilding nations are no longer focused on building. However, Bangladesh still faces challenges to become competitive in the international shipbuilding market, such as a lack of capital, technology, and skilled workforce.
(1) Transport PPPs have not taken root in Bangladesh like in other South Asian countries due to Bangladesh's low income levels, underinvestment in transport networks, difficult geography, high population density, and political barriers.
(2) The few PPPs that have occurred in Bangladesh involved management contracts rather than greenfield projects common elsewhere.
(3) For PPPs to succeed in low-income countries like Bangladesh, strong governance, transparent analysis, and greater public investment in existing networks are needed to make new private projects viable.
This document summarizes recent trends in the global shipbuilding industry and analyzes the outlook for China. It finds that while China leads in shipbuilding output, its market share and orders have declined in recent years due to overcapacity, increased competition, and a technology gap. However, China's "One Belt, One Road" initiative and "Made in China 2025" plan aim to boost infrastructure investment and technological upgrading, positioning China to regain market share. The document also profiles major Chinese shipbuilders like CSSC and CSIC and finds that while their revenues have grown, profits have been volatile depending on market conditions.
ICBM Sri Japura 2017 The Shipping and Logistics Performance and Its Impact ...CINEC Campus
This document provides a summary of a paper presented at the 14th International Conference on Business Management in 2017. The paper discusses shipping and logistics performance in Sri Lanka and its impact on investments. It analyzes various logistics performance indicators published by international organizations. Key findings include: Sri Lanka needs to improve its logistics performance to attract more foreign investment; logistics performance is critical for trade efficiency; and Sri Lanka lags regional competitors like India and Pakistan in several logistics metrics like infrastructure and international shipments. The paper examines trends in foreign investments in Sri Lanka in recent years.
This document provides an executive summary and conclusions of a report on regulatory reform options for India's port sector. It finds that India lacks a consistent national ports policy to transform major ports into autonomous commercial entities. While some reforms have been undertaken, they treat symptoms rather than the underlying issues. Most world ports have transitioned to a landlord model where port authorities lease infrastructure to private terminal operators rather than directly operating services. The document recommends India promulgate a new Ports Act establishing National Ports and Regional Ports with autonomous port authorities corporatized from existing port trusts. It also calls for a shift from tariff regulation to a regulator focused on facilitating competition.
IC SLERC Rajarata 2017 A Contemporary Appraisal of Logistics Performance in...CINEC Campus
This document summarizes a study examining the influence of logistics competence on international trade in Sri Lanka. It discusses Sri Lanka's strategic geographic location and the growth of transhipment volumes handled at the port of Colombo. While infrastructure and international shipments rankings are poor in logistics performance indicators, Sri Lanka's higher education and training and labor market efficiency international rankings are also declining. The study argues for improvements in these areas to develop skilled logistics professionals and strengthen Sri Lanka's position in international trade.
Transportation plays a significant role in economic development and growth. It contributes to industries by enabling quick marketing of perishable goods. It also increases demand for goods by connecting new customers and markets. Transportation creates place and time utility by bridging production and consumption centers and allowing for faster distribution of products. It helps stabilize prices by moving commodities between surplus and deficit areas. India's transportation sector accounts for 6.4% of GDP, with road transportation making up 5.4% of GDP. Improved transportation infrastructure leads to economic benefits like lower prices, more product variety, and overall economic growth and efficiency.
This document performs a SWOT analysis of India's logistics sector. It begins with an overview of the sector, noting that road transport accounts for 70% of domestic freight. It then examines the different modes of transport - roadways, railways, ports, and civil aviation - and major development projects in each area. For roadways, it discusses the national highway network and Delhi-Mumbai industrial corridor project. The SWOT analysis identifies strengths like resources and workforce, weaknesses like unorganized players and lack of funds, opportunities like new technologies and investments, and threats like fuel costs and policy changes. The conclusion states the target of the analysis is to leverage strengths, utilize resources, capitalize on opportunities, and not be hindered
China cutting CO2 emissions related to shipbuilding and usage of vessels, Tea...Team Finland Future Watch
China is implementing policies to reduce CO2 emissions from shipbuilding and vessel usage. New emissions standards for coastal and inland vessels will be introduced in 2018 and 2021 respectively, focusing on particulate matter and other pollutants. China is also promoting technologies like LNG fuel and shore power to cut emissions. The government's 5-year plans establish targets for reducing emissions from shipping activities. Finnish companies should consider local partnerships and production to successfully supply the Chinese market as it transitions to lower-emissions shipping.
The document provides an overview of the global and Indian logistics industries. It discusses key challenges facing the logistics industry such as high costs, infrastructure bottlenecks, shortage of talent, and demand for new technology. While the global logistics industry is estimated to be worth $300 billion, the Indian industry still has immense growth potential but faces issues like low demand, poor infrastructure, and high costs. The document also analyzes opportunities and trends in the Indian logistics industry such as the need for improved infrastructure, adoption of new technologies, skills development, and industry consolidation through mergers and partnerships.
Ports play an important role in economic development by facilitating international trade. Sea ports in Bangladesh face issues like poor infrastructure, inefficiencies, and lack of capital that have hindered economic progress. Public-private partnerships are being implemented and have potential to address challenges and help modernize ports in Bangladesh. The government needs broader policies that consider ports within the context of related economic sectors.
Prospect of deep sea port fostering national development of bangladeshmd. tanvir hossain
This document discusses the need for a deep sea port in Bangladesh and its role in national development. It outlines the objectives and limitations of the study, which focuses on the necessity of a deep sea port for Bangladesh and identifies barriers to its implementation. The document provides an overview of Bangladesh's existing ports in Chittagong and Mongla and their limitations in terms of draft, channel access, and turnaround time. It also discusses how a deep sea port could help lower costs, handle larger vessels, and facilitate trade through initiatives like the Maritime Silk Road. However, the document also notes weaknesses like piracy, dependence on foreign investment, and lack of multimodal transport connectivity, as well as threats from international politics and competing ports in
This report summarizes a study comparing the major Indian port of Jawaharlal Nehru Port Trust (JNPT) in Mumbai to Singapore Port. Traffic forecasts were generated for both ports through 2035, with container traffic predicted to increase nearly 5 times at JNPT and over 2 times at Singapore Port. Key findings showed JNPT has higher productivity due to capacity constraints, while dredging could allow Indian ports to handle larger vessels. The intern gained valuable experience conducting analyses, preparing presentations, and performing a due diligence study for a consortium. The internship overall provided hands-on learning about the port industry.
This document analyzes the performance of major ports in India. It finds that while India has experienced rapid economic growth in recent years, the average turnaround time of cargo ships at major Indian ports is much higher than other countries like Hong Kong, undermining India's competitiveness. Major issues include inadequate road and rail links between ports and their hinterlands, leading to cargo congestion. The government has taken steps to improve connectivity and encourage private sector participation in port operations and services. Overall cargo traffic at Indian ports has grown in recent years, correlated with GDP growth. Changing trade patterns are also influencing cargo volumes and mixes.
Progress Tracking and Assessment: To monitor student progress and comprehension, our platform provides comprehensive tracking and assessment tools. Teachers and parents can track students' performance, view detailed analytics, and identify areas for improvement. Additionally, our platform offers regular assessments and quizzes to evaluate students' understanding and mastery of concepts.
Report written about the Presentation on the Evolution and Role of Ports in t...ShafayetSefat
This presentation was made to give an overview of the history of two major ports of Bangladesh and their role in the economic development of Bangladesh by analyzing the GDP growth and the estimated future growth of activities of the ports in nearby future. and the presentation also contains the data about the upcoming projects taken by the Bangladesh Government related to the ports after discovering the port-led the development of Bangladesh
The document provides a prefeasibility study for establishing a dry port in Mandalay region, Myanmar. It examines the socio-economic context and trade situation in Mandalay, analyzes potential demand for a dry port, and evaluates the financial and economic feasibility of the project. Key findings include that Mandalay is well positioned as a logistics hub, annual cargo traffic through the proposed dry port is projected to reach 12,775 TEUs by 2016 and 47,815 TEUs by 2035, and the project has an economic internal rate of return of 19.15% exceeding the benchmark, indicating it is economically viable. The study recommends proceeding to a full feasibility study and involving government to promote development of the dry port
The two major ports in Bangladesh, Chittagong and Mongla ports, currently handle bulk cargo, lighter vessels and containers. Both ports have restrictions on ship sizes they can accommodate. The Bangladesh government has projects to enhance the capacities of these ports. A new deep sea port called Payra is being developed between Chittagong and Mongla to address capacity issues and accommodate larger ships. This will help reduce pressure on the existing ports and contribute to the country's economy. The Coastal Shipping Agreement between India and Bangladesh is expected to significantly increase bilateral trade by enhancing connectivity and reducing logistics costs and time.
Port characteristic and their elements , port capacity and types of carriersPANYALASAHITHREDDY
This document provides an overview of a course on Airport and Port Infrastructure. It discusses the course objectives, outcomes, contents, pedagogy, reading list, assessment details, and session plan. It also provides an overview of India's maritime sector goals outlined in the Maritime India Vision 2030, including developing world-class port infrastructure, enhancing logistics efficiency through technology, strengthening the policy framework, and increasing cargo movement through inland waterways. The key is to help India secure a prominent place in the global maritime sector and increase its market share in shipbuilding, repairs, and recycling.
The global shipbuilding industry has grown significantly over the past few years, with output increasing at an annual rate of 8.3% between 2000-2005. Demand is high and order books are full for shipyards for the next 3 years. The industry is dominated by conventional vessels like tankers, bulk carriers, and container ships. Major players are located in Japan, South Korea, and China, which together account for over 70% of the world's shipbuilding output. The Indian shipbuilding industry is also growing and expected to reach $1.3 billion by 2015, though it still only accounts for 1% of the global industry currently.
Bangladesh has a long history of indigenous shipbuilding dating back to ancient times. It was historically a center of shipbuilding in Asia between the 15th-17th centuries. While the industry declined, there are now over 200 shipbuilding yards in Bangladesh. The country sees opportunities to expand its shipbuilding industry due to growing global demand for small and medium ships that traditional shipbuilding nations are no longer focused on building. However, Bangladesh still faces challenges to become competitive in the international shipbuilding market, such as a lack of capital, technology, and skilled workforce.
(1) Transport PPPs have not taken root in Bangladesh like in other South Asian countries due to Bangladesh's low income levels, underinvestment in transport networks, difficult geography, high population density, and political barriers.
(2) The few PPPs that have occurred in Bangladesh involved management contracts rather than greenfield projects common elsewhere.
(3) For PPPs to succeed in low-income countries like Bangladesh, strong governance, transparent analysis, and greater public investment in existing networks are needed to make new private projects viable.
This document summarizes recent trends in the global shipbuilding industry and analyzes the outlook for China. It finds that while China leads in shipbuilding output, its market share and orders have declined in recent years due to overcapacity, increased competition, and a technology gap. However, China's "One Belt, One Road" initiative and "Made in China 2025" plan aim to boost infrastructure investment and technological upgrading, positioning China to regain market share. The document also profiles major Chinese shipbuilders like CSSC and CSIC and finds that while their revenues have grown, profits have been volatile depending on market conditions.
ICBM Sri Japura 2017 The Shipping and Logistics Performance and Its Impact ...CINEC Campus
This document provides a summary of a paper presented at the 14th International Conference on Business Management in 2017. The paper discusses shipping and logistics performance in Sri Lanka and its impact on investments. It analyzes various logistics performance indicators published by international organizations. Key findings include: Sri Lanka needs to improve its logistics performance to attract more foreign investment; logistics performance is critical for trade efficiency; and Sri Lanka lags regional competitors like India and Pakistan in several logistics metrics like infrastructure and international shipments. The paper examines trends in foreign investments in Sri Lanka in recent years.
This document provides an executive summary and conclusions of a report on regulatory reform options for India's port sector. It finds that India lacks a consistent national ports policy to transform major ports into autonomous commercial entities. While some reforms have been undertaken, they treat symptoms rather than the underlying issues. Most world ports have transitioned to a landlord model where port authorities lease infrastructure to private terminal operators rather than directly operating services. The document recommends India promulgate a new Ports Act establishing National Ports and Regional Ports with autonomous port authorities corporatized from existing port trusts. It also calls for a shift from tariff regulation to a regulator focused on facilitating competition.
IC SLERC Rajarata 2017 A Contemporary Appraisal of Logistics Performance in...CINEC Campus
This document summarizes a study examining the influence of logistics competence on international trade in Sri Lanka. It discusses Sri Lanka's strategic geographic location and the growth of transhipment volumes handled at the port of Colombo. While infrastructure and international shipments rankings are poor in logistics performance indicators, Sri Lanka's higher education and training and labor market efficiency international rankings are also declining. The study argues for improvements in these areas to develop skilled logistics professionals and strengthen Sri Lanka's position in international trade.
Transportation plays a significant role in economic development and growth. It contributes to industries by enabling quick marketing of perishable goods. It also increases demand for goods by connecting new customers and markets. Transportation creates place and time utility by bridging production and consumption centers and allowing for faster distribution of products. It helps stabilize prices by moving commodities between surplus and deficit areas. India's transportation sector accounts for 6.4% of GDP, with road transportation making up 5.4% of GDP. Improved transportation infrastructure leads to economic benefits like lower prices, more product variety, and overall economic growth and efficiency.
This document performs a SWOT analysis of India's logistics sector. It begins with an overview of the sector, noting that road transport accounts for 70% of domestic freight. It then examines the different modes of transport - roadways, railways, ports, and civil aviation - and major development projects in each area. For roadways, it discusses the national highway network and Delhi-Mumbai industrial corridor project. The SWOT analysis identifies strengths like resources and workforce, weaknesses like unorganized players and lack of funds, opportunities like new technologies and investments, and threats like fuel costs and policy changes. The conclusion states the target of the analysis is to leverage strengths, utilize resources, capitalize on opportunities, and not be hindered
China cutting CO2 emissions related to shipbuilding and usage of vessels, Tea...Team Finland Future Watch
China is implementing policies to reduce CO2 emissions from shipbuilding and vessel usage. New emissions standards for coastal and inland vessels will be introduced in 2018 and 2021 respectively, focusing on particulate matter and other pollutants. China is also promoting technologies like LNG fuel and shore power to cut emissions. The government's 5-year plans establish targets for reducing emissions from shipping activities. Finnish companies should consider local partnerships and production to successfully supply the Chinese market as it transitions to lower-emissions shipping.
The document provides an overview of the global and Indian logistics industries. It discusses key challenges facing the logistics industry such as high costs, infrastructure bottlenecks, shortage of talent, and demand for new technology. While the global logistics industry is estimated to be worth $300 billion, the Indian industry still has immense growth potential but faces issues like low demand, poor infrastructure, and high costs. The document also analyzes opportunities and trends in the Indian logistics industry such as the need for improved infrastructure, adoption of new technologies, skills development, and industry consolidation through mergers and partnerships.
Ports play an important role in economic development by facilitating international trade. Sea ports in Bangladesh face issues like poor infrastructure, inefficiencies, and lack of capital that have hindered economic progress. Public-private partnerships are being implemented and have potential to address challenges and help modernize ports in Bangladesh. The government needs broader policies that consider ports within the context of related economic sectors.
Prospect of deep sea port fostering national development of bangladeshmd. tanvir hossain
This document discusses the need for a deep sea port in Bangladesh and its role in national development. It outlines the objectives and limitations of the study, which focuses on the necessity of a deep sea port for Bangladesh and identifies barriers to its implementation. The document provides an overview of Bangladesh's existing ports in Chittagong and Mongla and their limitations in terms of draft, channel access, and turnaround time. It also discusses how a deep sea port could help lower costs, handle larger vessels, and facilitate trade through initiatives like the Maritime Silk Road. However, the document also notes weaknesses like piracy, dependence on foreign investment, and lack of multimodal transport connectivity, as well as threats from international politics and competing ports in
This report summarizes a study comparing the major Indian port of Jawaharlal Nehru Port Trust (JNPT) in Mumbai to Singapore Port. Traffic forecasts were generated for both ports through 2035, with container traffic predicted to increase nearly 5 times at JNPT and over 2 times at Singapore Port. Key findings showed JNPT has higher productivity due to capacity constraints, while dredging could allow Indian ports to handle larger vessels. The intern gained valuable experience conducting analyses, preparing presentations, and performing a due diligence study for a consortium. The internship overall provided hands-on learning about the port industry.
This document analyzes the performance of major ports in India. It finds that while India has experienced rapid economic growth in recent years, the average turnaround time of cargo ships at major Indian ports is much higher than other countries like Hong Kong, undermining India's competitiveness. Major issues include inadequate road and rail links between ports and their hinterlands, leading to cargo congestion. The government has taken steps to improve connectivity and encourage private sector participation in port operations and services. Overall cargo traffic at Indian ports has grown in recent years, correlated with GDP growth. Changing trade patterns are also influencing cargo volumes and mixes.
Progress Tracking and Assessment: To monitor student progress and comprehension, our platform provides comprehensive tracking and assessment tools. Teachers and parents can track students' performance, view detailed analytics, and identify areas for improvement. Additionally, our platform offers regular assessments and quizzes to evaluate students' understanding and mastery of concepts.
Report written about the Presentation on the Evolution and Role of Ports in t...ShafayetSefat
This presentation was made to give an overview of the history of two major ports of Bangladesh and their role in the economic development of Bangladesh by analyzing the GDP growth and the estimated future growth of activities of the ports in nearby future. and the presentation also contains the data about the upcoming projects taken by the Bangladesh Government related to the ports after discovering the port-led the development of Bangladesh
The document provides a prefeasibility study for establishing a dry port in Mandalay region, Myanmar. It examines the socio-economic context and trade situation in Mandalay, analyzes potential demand for a dry port, and evaluates the financial and economic feasibility of the project. Key findings include that Mandalay is well positioned as a logistics hub, annual cargo traffic through the proposed dry port is projected to reach 12,775 TEUs by 2016 and 47,815 TEUs by 2035, and the project has an economic internal rate of return of 19.15% exceeding the benchmark, indicating it is economically viable. The study recommends proceeding to a full feasibility study and involving government to promote development of the dry port
The two major ports in Bangladesh, Chittagong and Mongla ports, currently handle bulk cargo, lighter vessels and containers. Both ports have restrictions on ship sizes they can accommodate. The Bangladesh government has projects to enhance the capacities of these ports. A new deep sea port called Payra is being developed between Chittagong and Mongla to address capacity issues and accommodate larger ships. This will help reduce pressure on the existing ports and contribute to the country's economy. The Coastal Shipping Agreement between India and Bangladesh is expected to significantly increase bilateral trade by enhancing connectivity and reducing logistics costs and time.
Port characteristic and their elements , port capacity and types of carriersPANYALASAHITHREDDY
This document provides an overview of a course on Airport and Port Infrastructure. It discusses the course objectives, outcomes, contents, pedagogy, reading list, assessment details, and session plan. It also provides an overview of India's maritime sector goals outlined in the Maritime India Vision 2030, including developing world-class port infrastructure, enhancing logistics efficiency through technology, strengthening the policy framework, and increasing cargo movement through inland waterways. The key is to help India secure a prominent place in the global maritime sector and increase its market share in shipbuilding, repairs, and recycling.
Singapore has established itself as a major global logistics hub due to its strategic location and world-class port infrastructure. It began as a British trading post in 1819 and now has a population over 5.5 million people. Singapore's port is the world's busiest in terms of cargo tonnage and containers handled annually. The port has over 50 container berths and over 190 quay cranes across its terminals. While Singapore faces challenges from rising costs and nearby competing ports, it continues to invest in expanding its port capacity and improving operations to maintain its status as a key international logistics center.
MODERNIZATION OF SEAPORT OF BANGLADESH FOR REGIONAL CONNECTIVITY – IMPLICATIO...Khaled Hasan
This document discusses the modernization of seaports in Bangladesh and its implications for national development and security. Chapter 1 provides background on Bangladesh's reliance on seaports for international trade as 90% of trade is conducted via sea routes. It notes that the two main seaports of Chittagong and Mongla are undertaking modernization but are still underutilized. The chapter establishes the objectives of the research, which are to study challenges to regional connectivity through seaports, how modernization can address these challenges, and how improved seaports can boost national development and security. Chapter 2 will examine Bangladesh's geostrategic position relative to its seaports and the importance of the Bay of Bengal.
Kandla Port in Gujarat, India handles over 100 million metric tons of cargo annually, making it the largest port in the country. The port has 12 dry cargo berths and 6 liquid cargo jetties. It also has extensive storage facilities and cargo handling equipment. Due to its strategic location and infrastructure, Kandla Port plays a major role in India's international trade and economic growth.
The document discusses coastal shipping in India, noting that it currently accounts for only 7% of domestic cargo transport despite India having a long coastline and many ports, and identifies some challenges that have curbed its growth such as regulatory issues, taxation of coastal vessels, and a limited number of coastal shipping operators. It also explains that coastal shipping needs support from road and rail transport to effectively move cargo between factories/warehouses and ports.
1.What is cargo? and cargo transportation.
2.Cargo transportation in Sri Lanka.
3.Problems in cargo transportation inSri Lanka.
4.Solution to the problem in cargo transportation Sri Lanka.
5.How to improve cargo transportation in Sri Lanka.
6. Conclusion
7. References
Linear shipping plays a vital role in Bangladesh's economy and trade. It contributes significantly to GDP and employment. A large portion of foreign currency earnings also come from maritime trade. Bangladesh relies heavily on sea routes for the majority of its imports and exports, emphasizing the importance of linear shipping. Maritime connectivity enhances Bangladesh's international relations and engagement in global affairs. Shipping is also more energy efficient and environmentally friendly compared to other modes of transportation, promoting sustainable development. However, challenges like port congestion and environmental impacts must be addressed through continued infrastructure development, regulations, and skills training to ensure the future prospects and success of Bangladesh's linear shipping industry.
CMMI - Connecting India Through Shippingcmmindia2017
This document summarizes a presentation given by Capt. A.K. Singh, CEO of Adani Dahej & Hazira Port, on the topic of connecting India through shipping. It provides an overview of global and Indian trade trends in recent years, cargo traffic and capacity at Indian ports, key commodities handled, and various initiatives by the Indian government to boost port infrastructure and connectivity through projects like Sagarmala and development of coastal economic zones.
Hinterland Connectivity - Bangkok,ThailandCorin Tan
Asia heavily relies on its maritime gateways to the international economy for sea borne trade. Ports are a vital source of economic development for the countries in which they are located. Importance of hinterland connections has been recognised as one of the most critical issues in port competitiveness and development in most ports around the world. Efficient hinterland transport routes are in the vital interest of major seaports.
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Corin Tan
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1) The article examines the relationship between port growth and economic development in Shanghai. It argues that Shanghai's success results from favorable market opportunities and rational development strategies by the city government.
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3) The article contributes to understanding port and city development in China by highlighting differences between Shanghai and other Asian hub ports like Hong Kong and Singapore.
Similar to Deep Sea Port and the National Development: Perspective of Bangladesh (20)
Total Ionization Cross Sections due to Electron Impact of Ammonia from Thresh...Dr. Amarjeet Singh
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Artificial Intelligence Techniques in E-Commerce: The Possibility of Exploiti...Dr. Amarjeet Singh
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This document summarizes a research study that analyzed the factors influencing ownership patterns of selected Indian companies and the impact of ownership patterns on corporate performance. The study used data from 5 industries over 5 years from 2017 to 2021. Multiple regression, ANOVA, and correlation analyses were conducted. The results found that the percentage of independent directors on the board and the size of the company had a significant impact on Indian promoter holdings. Additionally, non-institutional ownership was found to have a significant impact on corporate performance measures like asset utilization ratio. The study concluded that ownership patterns can influence corporate performance and companies should work to optimize factors like debt-equity ratio and board independence to improve financial outcomes.
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An Empirical Analysis of Financial Performance of Selected Oil Exploration an...Dr. Amarjeet Singh
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Since 1991, thanks to economic policy liberalization, the Indian economy has entered an era in which Indian businesses can no longer disregard global markets. Prior to the 1990s, the prices of a variety of commodities, metals, and other assets were carefully regulated. Others, which were not rolled, were primarily dependant on regulated input costs. As a result, there was no uncertainty and, as a result, no price fluctuations. However, in 1991, when the process of deregulation began, the prices of most items were deregulated. It has also resulted in the exchange being partially deregulated, easing trade restrictions, lowering interest rates, and making significant advancements in foreign institutional investors' access to the capital markets, as well as establishing market-based government securities pricing, among other things. Furthermore, portfolio and securities price volatility and instability were influenced by market-determined exchange rates and interest rates. As a result, hedging strategies employing a variety of derivatives were exposed to a variety of risks. The Indian capital market will be examined in this study, with a focus on derivatives.
Theoretical Estimation of CO2 Compression and Transport Costs for an hypothet...Dr. Amarjeet Singh
This document discusses theoretical estimates for the costs of compressing and transporting CO2 from a hypothetical carbon capture and storage project at the Saline Joniche Power Plant in Italy. It first provides background on the power plant project from 2008 that proposed converting the site to coal power. It then details the methodology used to size the compression system, estimating power needs for multi-stage compression up to pipeline pressures. Costs are considered for constructing, operating, and maintaining both the compression plant and pipeline to a potential offshore storage site. The aim is to evaluate retrofitting the existing plant with carbon capture and storage as a way to enable continued coal power production consistent with climate goals.
Analytical Mechanics of Magnetic Particles Suspended in Magnetorheological FluidDr. Amarjeet Singh
In this paper, the behavior of MR particles has been systematically investigated within the scope of analytical mechanics. . A magnetorheological fluid belongs to a class of smart materials. In magnetorheological fluids, the motion of magnetic particles is controlled by the action of internal and external forces. This paper presents analytical mechanics for the interaction of system of particles in MR fluid. In this paper, basic principles of Analytical Mechanics are utilized for the construction of equations.
Techno-Economic Aspects of Solid Food Wastes into Bio-ManureDr. Amarjeet Singh
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Life is unpredictably unpredictable. Nobody knows what will happen in the next minute of their lives. In this circumstance, every human being has the right and desire to conduct their lives according to their own desires. No one should be forced to live a life solely for the benefit and reputation of others. Honour killing is defined as the assassination of a person, whether male or female, who refuses to accept the family's arranged marriage or decides to move her or his marital life according to her or his wishes solely because it jeopardizes the family's honour. The family's supreme authority looks after the family's name but neglects to consider the love and affection shared among family members. I have discussed honour killing in India in my research work. This sort of murder occurs as a result of particular triggers, which are also examined in relation to the role of the law in honour killing. No one can be released free if they break the law, and in this case, it is a felony that violates various regulations designed to safeguard citizens. This crime is similar to many others, but it is distinct enough to be differentiated in the report. When the husband is of low social standing, it lowers the position and caste of the female family, prompting the male family members to murder the girl. But they forget that the girl is their kid and that while rank may be attained, a girl's life can never be replaced, and that caste is less valuable than the girl's life and love spent with them.
Optimization of Digital-Based MSME E-Commerce: Challenges and Opportunities i...Dr. Amarjeet Singh
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This paper presents the Modal space decoupled control for a hydraulically driven parallel mechanism has been presented. The approach is based on singular values decomposition to the properties of joint-space inverse mass matrix, and mapping of the control and feedback variables from the joint space to the decoupling modal space. The method transformed highly coupled six-input six-output dynamics into six independent single-input single-output (SISO) 1 DOF hydraulically driven mechanical systems. The novelty in this method is that the signals including control errors, control outputs and pressure feedbacks are transformed into decoupled modal space and also the proportional gains and dynamic pressure feedback are tuned in modal space. The results indicate that the conventional controller can only attenuate the resonance peaks of the lower eigenfrequencies of six rigid modes properly, and the peaking points of other relative higher eigenfrequencies are over damped, The further results show that it is very effective to design and tune the system in modal space and that the bandwidth increased substantially except surge (x) and sway (y) motions, each degree of freedom can be almost tuned independently and their bandwidths can be increased near to the undamped eigenfrequencies.
It is a known fact that a large number of Steel Industry Expansion projects in India have been delayed due to regulatory clearances, environmental issues and problems pertaining to land acquisition. Also, there are challenges in the tendering phase that affect viability of projects thus delaying implementation, construction phase is beset with over-runs and disputes and last but not the least; provider skills are weak all across the value chain. Given the critical role of Steel Sector in ensuring a sustained growth trajectory for India, it is imperative that we identify the core issues affecting completion of infrastructure projects in India and chalk out initiatives that need to be acted upon in short term as well as long term.
A blockchain is a decentralised database that is shared across computer network nodes. A blockchain acts as a database, storing information in a digital format. The study primarily aims to explore how in the future, block chain technology will alter several areas of the Indian economy. The current study aims to obtain a deeper understanding of blockchain technology's idea and implementation in India, as well as the technology's potential as a disruptive financial technological innovation.
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Epistemic Interaction - tuning interfaces to provide information for AI supportAlan Dix
Paper presented at SYNERGY workshop at AVI 2024, Genoa, Italy. 3rd June 2024
https://alandix.com/academic/papers/synergy2024-epistemic/
As machine learning integrates deeper into human-computer interactions, the concept of epistemic interaction emerges, aiming to refine these interactions to enhance system adaptability. This approach encourages minor, intentional adjustments in user behaviour to enrich the data available for system learning. This paper introduces epistemic interaction within the context of human-system communication, illustrating how deliberate interaction design can improve system understanding and adaptation. Through concrete examples, we demonstrate the potential of epistemic interaction to significantly advance human-computer interaction by leveraging intuitive human communication strategies to inform system design and functionality, offering a novel pathway for enriching user-system engagements.
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While the dev and ops silo continues to crumble….many organizations still relegate monitoring & observability as the purview of ops, infra and SRE teams. This is a mistake - achieving a highly observable system requires collaboration up and down the stack.
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Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 6. In this session, we will cover Test Automation with generative AI and Open AI.
UiPath Test Automation with generative AI and Open AI webinar offers an in-depth exploration of leveraging cutting-edge technologies for test automation within the UiPath platform. Attendees will delve into the integration of generative AI, a test automation solution, with Open AI advanced natural language processing capabilities.
Throughout the session, participants will discover how this synergy empowers testers to automate repetitive tasks, enhance testing accuracy, and expedite the software testing life cycle. Topics covered include the seamless integration process, practical use cases, and the benefits of harnessing AI-driven automation for UiPath testing initiatives. By attending this webinar, testers, and automation professionals can gain valuable insights into harnessing the power of AI to optimize their test automation workflows within the UiPath ecosystem, ultimately driving efficiency and quality in software development processes.
What will you get from this session?
1. Insights into integrating generative AI.
2. Understanding how this integration enhances test automation within the UiPath platform
3. Practical demonstrations
4. Exploration of real-world use cases illustrating the benefits of AI-driven test automation for UiPath
Topics covered:
What is generative AI
Test Automation with generative AI and Open AI.
UiPath integration with generative AI
Speaker:
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
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GraphSummit Singapore | The Future of Agility: Supercharging Digital Transfor...Neo4j
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DevOps and Testing slides at DASA ConnectKari Kakkonen
My and Rik Marselis slides at 30.5.2024 DASA Connect conference. We discuss about what is testing, then what is agile testing and finally what is Testing in DevOps. Finally we had lovely workshop with the participants trying to find out different ways to think about quality and testing in different parts of the DevOps infinity loop.
In his public lecture, Christian Timmerer provides insights into the fascinating history of video streaming, starting from its humble beginnings before YouTube to the groundbreaking technologies that now dominate platforms like Netflix and ORF ON. Timmerer also presents provocative contributions of his own that have significantly influenced the industry. He concludes by looking at future challenges and invites the audience to join in a discussion.
Deep Sea Port and the National Development: Perspective of Bangladesh
1. International Journal of Engineering and Management Research e-ISSN: 2250-0758 | p-ISSN: 2394-6962
Volume-10, Issue-6 (December 2020)
www.ijemr.net https://doi.org/10.31033/ijemr.10.6.11
73 This Work is under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Deep Sea Port and the National Development: Perspective of
Bangladesh
Anis Mohammad Tareq1
, Md Akramuzzaman Shaikh2
, Sukanta Sen3
and Professor Wang Xuefeng4
1
Student, College of Transport and Communication, Shanghai Maritime University, CHINA
2
Student, Faculty of Business, Law and Digital Technologies, Solent University, Southampton, UK
3
Student, College of Transport and Communication, Shanghai Maritime University, CHINA
4
Professor, College of Transport and Communication, Shanghai Maritime University, CHINA
2
Corresponding Author: sk.akram3012@gmail.com
`
ABSTRACT
The deep sea port development as an economic
infrastructure influences positively on the growth of a
country. The economic history of Britain, Netherlands, and
Singapore, known as the maritime powers in the world,
undoubtedly proves the important role of ports played in the
development of their economies. Establishment of a deep-
sea port has become strategically very critical for
Bangladesh considering its potential impact on the
development and economic growth of the country.Port
economics and macroeconomics are closely related.So
changes in port traffic or operation and port organization
has a significant impact on national economy especially on
the hinterland. This study, therefore, has focused on the
importance of deep seaport in the national development of
Bangladesh. Moreover, the paper gives an overview of a
deep seaport and national development in respect of
Bangladesh.The study also indicates the effect of a deep
seaport on national development. At the end, this study
states some recommendations for the establishment of the
deep sea port.Those Includes-Studies on the selection of
strategic location, details investigation of hinterland
connectivity, the decision on investment and proper
planning etc.
Keywords-- Deep Seaport, National Development,
MaritimeTrade, Shipping
I. INTRODUCTION
Since Time Immemorial Sea borne trade played
a vital role in national development whereas port has
been an integral part of sea borne trade. More volumes of
cargo at port in particular country indicates the more
business of the nation. Maritime transport economics is
considered as an another source of GDP. With
globalization and advantages of technologies the nature
and type of ports have under major transportations. Deep
seaport has emerged on thepivotal of the national
development in recent years. Singapore, Malta, and
France contribute about more than 10 % to the GDP.
"About 11 % of GDP of the Netherlands is generated by
the activities of the port of Rotterdam alone" (Alderton,
1999, p.121) [1]. " Spanish ports provide an added value
ranging from 6.78 % to 7.70 % of total GNP and generate
an amount ranging from 8.20 to 8.95 % of Spanish
employment in 1993 " ( Coto Millan , Martinez Budia ,
1999, p. 163)[2].
Bangladesh has started focusing on
accomplishment of the Sustainable Development Goals
(SDGs) by 2030. A port can play as a wheel of the
economy if it is operated effectively. The world’s
economic globalization has acquired a remarkable growth
in trades of products over the globe. In order to adapt
with the increasing volume of global trade, ports of every
nation will certainly continue to play a basic part in
adding a greater value to the national economy.
However, Bangladeshi ports are not compared
and not yet considered to the global standards in terms of
both technical and non-technical matters. One of the
Major problem of the existing ports is the draft
problemthereby most of the large ship can’t enter to the
jetty and plowshares those can enter to the jetty has to be
wait for the high tide.
The government of Bangladesh has taken a
vision to reach as a developed country. To fulfill this
demand, the deep sea port will play a vital role in this
regard by creating more maritime related business. The
ship size is increasing day by day. Our existing ports
can’t capable to handle the large ships.So to compete with
growing maritime trade that helps to national
development deep sea port is very essential. Moreover,
considering the strategic location, Bangladesh has been
dreaming for a hub port of the region having deep draft
births in a suitable location. The purpose of this study
therefore is to examine the deep seaport and capacity
building and its implication for Bangladesh considering
the national economy.
II. LITERATURE REVIEW
Abedin (2015)argue in his paper “Construction
of Sonadia Deep Sea Port for Economic Development in
Bangladesh: Opportunities and Challenges” has
expressed Shipping is the essence of the global economy
since it plays a strategic role in the growth of nations.
However, about 70% ports of the world are unable to
handle the ship which length are 200 meters or more due
to the draught limitation. Due to draught problem very
large vessels or mother vessels cannot call at Chittagong
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Port.The another port isMongla Port, but due to
navigational limitation coupled with other constraints it
cannot serve the purpose. In addition, Chittagong Port
handles the feeder vessels transiting from Singapore or
Colombo as large and deep draft vessels cannot transit to
this port. The feeder service increases lead time and
increase cost of transportation which ultimately put a
burden on entire economy of the country [3]. To
overcome these quandaries, he thought that the only
alternative would be to establish a Deep Sea Port for
Bangladesh. But he could’t show the relationship between
deep sea port and national development and how the deep
sea port will help the national development of
Bangladesh.
M. A. Shaikh (2017) et al in their paper
“Necessity and potentiality of a deep Seaport in
Bangladesh” disclosed that worldwide trade through port
is rising day by day. There is absence of the adequate
facilities in the existing three ports of Bangladesh but
which are needed for smooth running of this trade in the
country. One of the main limitation is draft problem.
Being the world’s largest Bay, all south Asian regional
trade is done through the Bay of Bengal by ships.
Nowadays shipping is reached at a position which is the
most critical globalized trade of the world. Moreover the
world trade is totally impossible without shipping,
because of shipping, seaports are in huge demand over
the globe. Economy of scale shows the present tendency
of most of shipping company is to make larger shipin
order to reduce operational cost. As a result, after a period
of time, present three ports of Bangladesh will remain
unused. Therefore, the necessity of a port with deeper
channel is vital for the country to place larger vessel for
reducing expenses and increasing sea borne trade as well
asconnecting many counties which will rely on the
country. So that it can prevail the benefits of most of
trading through Bay of Bangle. Finally, these privilege
will affect the economic situation of Bangladesh and this
will be improved dramatically [4]. But they didn’t show
how the advantages of deep sea port affect the economic
situation of Bangladesh. The relation between deep sea
port and national development will be shown by this
work.
Halima (2003) explained in a study of the
Impact of Port Efficiency and Productivity On the
Economy of Bangladesh – A Case Study of Chittagong
Port that the form of current international trade strongly
depends on the competence of a port. A country’s caliber
center of foreign trade is seaport and that is the obligatory
passage point for big amount of this trade. Seaport
consents the import and export goods and export goods
contribute to the development of economy of that
country. In the time of globalization, world economy has
brought about tremendous increase by export and import
of goods all over the world. Port plays a vital role to
compete with the ever-growing world trade which
impacts on the national economy. The export and import
trade represent successivelya logistic element.
Alternatively, a port is an importantportion within the
logistic chain. Therefore, if the port is inefficient, freight
and handling charge become high, that contributes to
increasing the free onboard (FOB) export and import
charge. Therefore, as a result of increasing price import
costs become high and export faces powerful competition
within the international market. To survive within the
competitive market exporters, comprise less their profit
margin with they get earlier. Port acts as a nodal point of
foreign trade so port services are essentially intermediate
to goods[5].But she did’t show the way how the port
becomes more efficient. One of the main limitation of
Chittagong port is draft problem. For this reason, many
modern ship can’t entre to the Chittagong port. Now
Chittagong port serves the feeder service regarding this
problem. As a result, exporter and importer bear extra
cost and it has a direct impact on our economy. The deep
sea port is the solution regarding this constrains.
G.S Dwarakish(2015)et al in their article
“Review on the Role of Ports in the Development of a
Nation” expressed that Ports played a vast role in trade,
commerce and politics even during the dark age. Ports
arebecome the elementary component of the general
transportation sector and these days joined to the
increasing world economy. The transportation sector has
become a robust consider in terms of economic and
regional balanced development, additionally as conjointly
having a good influence on national integration to the
world economic market. These can bring variable degrees
of advantages to the economy and to the country. Ports
are vital for the support of economic activities within the
country since they act as an important mergerbetween
ocean and land transport. As a provider of jobs, ports
don't solely serve associate economy however conjointly
social function. In terms of load carried, shipping
transportation is that which offers the least expensive and
moreeffective service compared to different systems.
Industries need a secure and low cost able transportation
system for their exports and imports. A high transport
cost breaks the willingness of foreign investment, reduced
exports of services, reduced access to technology and
information, and a decline in a job. In the globalized
world, companies seem to expand their businesses
overseas through boosting up its exports. As a result, a
country’s gross domestic product is considerably affected
by the flexibility of companies to export their product and
services globally[6]. But they didn’t express how the port
reduces the transport cost,attracts the foreign investor. In
thispaper, it will be shown how deep sea port reduce the
freight transport cost.
III. PROSPECTS OF DEEP SEA PORT
ON NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT OF
BANGLADESH
The changing global economy in 2016has been
on an improving trendthan recent years. Stock markets
are booming, oil prices are on rise again and the risks of a
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rapid economic slowdown in China, a major prediction a
year ago, have eased. The primary factor underlying the
strengthening global outlook over 2017–18 is the
projected pickup in Emerging Market and Developing
Economies (EMDE) growth and a gradual normalization
of conditions in a number of large economies that are
currently experiencing macroeconomic strains[7].
Figure 1:Sonadia deep seaport’sprospect act as a
gateway of north, north-east and north-west, which
includes seven north-eastern states.
Source: The Financial Express, e-paper, 25 October 2017.
Source: Pacific Consultants International (PCI), Japan in
association with AEC, Thailand and DECON, JPZ & DEVCON,
Banglades, 2009.
Matarbari Coal-Fired Power Plant
The government of Bangladesh is scheduled to
inaugurate the main construction work of the 1,200
megawatt power plant on January 25, 2018. “An area at
the project site has been designated for setting up an LNG
terminal and a coal terminal.” The ultra-super critical
Matarbari power plant would require around 8,000 to
10,000 tons of coal daily. Imported coal will be supplied
to other coal-fired power plants across the country from
this terminal[8].
Increasing Gdp of Bangladesh
Bangladesh's gross domestic product (GDP)
growth reached 7.90 percent this fiscal year of 2018,
beating all the previous records in the history of the
country’s economy, according to a provisional estimate
byBangladesh Bureau of Statistics (BBS). The
Bangladesh economy has performed quite well in
FY2015-16. The GDP growth was up to 7.11 percent
from 6.55 percent of previous fiscal year. According to
the final estimates of BBS. The economic growth reached
the record high, riding on buoyant exports and robust
agricultural outputs. Growth 6.4pc to 6.8pc in 2017-18:
WB. Meanwhile, the World Bank said that Bangladesh’s
economy is likely to grow between 6.4 percent to 6.8
percent in 2017 and 2018 [9]. Per capita national income
reached US$1,610 in FY2016-17, up from US$1,465 of
previous year[10]. This commendable GDP growth was
balanced and broad based covering all the major sectors
of the economy. It has already gone past the MDG target
for key socio-economic indicators. Bangladesh is now on
target to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals
(SDGs) by 2030[7]. The present trend in world shipping
is to have bigger ships to drive economies of scale, but
Bangladesh can not realize the benefits due to limitations
of its ports. Therefore, Government of Bangladesh
intends to have a full-scale techno-economic feasibility
study for the construction of a deep seaport (DSP).
Increasing World Containershipping
The total international seaborne containers
handled at the ports in the world increased by 45.4%,
from 231.7 million twenty-foot equivalentunits (TEU) in
2000 to 336.9 million TEUs in 2004 or at anannual
growth rate of 9.8%. A modest expansion of 1.2 per cent
in 2015, global containerized trade expanded at a faster
rate of 3.1 per cent in 2016, with volumes attaining an
estimated 140 million twenty foot equivalent units
(TEUs) ( MDS Transmodal, 2017[11]. The remarkable
growth was experienced in China, whose container
freight traffic increased from 41.0 to 74.5 million TEUs
during the same period, exhibiting higher annual growth
of 16.1%. According to United Nations, the total number
of full containershipped internationally was 68.7 million
TEU in 2000, and it is expected to grow to 138.9 million
TEU in 2010 and 177.6 million TEU in 2015 excluding
empty containers and full containers handled at
discharging and or transshipports. This is equivalent to
7.3% of annual growth during 2000-2010 and 5.0%
during 2010-2015. To identify the realistic container
handling volumes at all ports in the world, it can be
estimated to multiply by 3.37[12]. Increasing of global
containerized trade from 1996 to 2017 and it’s percentage
of change is shown in figure 3.
project site
Figure 2: Location Map ofSonadiaDeep SeaPort
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Figure 3: Global containerized trade, 1996–2017
(Million 20-foot equivalent units and annual percentage
change)
Source: UNCTAD secretariat calculations, based on data
from MDS Transmodal, 2017.
The major growth in international container
trade/traffic in the period 2000-2015 is expected in
Easternand South Asian countries. On the contrary,
countries in North Asia, North America and Europe are
forecasted to lose its shares gradually in the same period.
Increasing and Expected Containertradein Bangladesh
(2006~2055)
The container volume to and from Bangladesh is
estimated to increase by 8.1% per year during 2006-2020,
7.4% per year during 2021-2035 and 3.6% per year
during the period 2036-2055. This means, international
ports in Bangladesh may handle 2.6 million TEU, 7.4
million TEU and 14.9 million TEU of containersin 2020,
2035 and 2055 respectively[12]. This is a huge
opportunity for Bangladesh. Container trade increasing
means export and import are increasing. The present
trend in world shipping is to have bigger ships to drive
economie so fscale, but Bangladesh can not realize the
benefits due to limitations of its ports. Therefore,
Government of Bangladesh intends to have a full-scale
techno-economic feasibility study for the construction of
a deep sea port ( DSP). The sharp increase in world
container traffic throughout the decade wielded influence
in many fields. Shipping industries sought to increase the
scale of the irservice capacities by form ingstrategic
consortium, acquiring other shipping lines, and
introducing numbers of large sized vessels in the market.
Increased and Target Container Volume for each ports in
Bangladesh is shown in table 1.
Table 1: Increased and Target Container Volume for
Each Ports in Bangladesh (1000TEU)
Port /Y
ear 2006 2015 2020 2035 Total2
055
TheDSP 0 0 1,780 7,142 17,572
International 0 0 1,454 5,456 13,477
DomesticFeeder 0 0 553 2,073 5,121
ChittagongPort 827 1,833 1,500 2,000 2,000
International 827 1,833 1,300 1,000 1,000
DomesticFeeder fm/toDSP 0 0 200 1,000 1,000
Mongla Port 26 33 47 89 211
International 26 33 26 0 0
DomesticFeeder fm/toDSP 0 0 21 89 211
Dhaka&OtherIW Ports 0 (0) (332) (984) (3,910)
International 0 Na Na Na Na
DomesticFeeder
fm/toExist.Ports
0 Na Na Na Na
DomesticFeeder fm/toDSP 0 0 332 984 3,910
Source: Pacific Consultants International (PCI), Japan in
association with AEC, Thailand and DECON, JPZ & DEVCON,
Bangladesh, 2009.
Non Container (Bulk) Shipping
Annualgrowthsofmajorcargoessuchasironore,fue
lcoalandcrudeoilin2005-2015areestimated4.4%,6.9%, and
2.2% respectively. In 2016, world seaborne tanker trade –
crude oil, refined petroleum products and gas – continued
to grow amid a surplus in oil market supply and low oil
prices. Total volumes reached 3.1 billion tons, reflecting
an increase of 4.2 per cent over the previous year[12].
Worldwide non container shipping is increasing as well
as in Bangladesh and it is shown in tables 2,3,4,5.
Table 2: Oil and gas trade, 2015 and 2016 (Million tons
and annual percentage change
Commodities 2015 2016 Percentage change
2015-2016
Crude oil 1716 1838 4.3
Petroleum products and gas 1171 1218 4.0
of which
Liquefied natural gas 250 268 7.2
Liquefied petroleum gas 79 87 10.1
Total tanker trade 2932 3055 4.2
Source: UNCTAD Review of Maritime Transport, 2017.
Table 3: Dry bulk trade, 2015 and 2016 (Million tons
and annual percentage change
Commodities 2015 2016 Percentage change
2015-2016
Five major bulks 3121 3172 1.6
Of which
Iron ore 1364 1410 3.4
coal 1142 1140 -0.2
Grain 459 476 3.7
Bauxite/alumina 126 116 -7.9
Phosphate rock 30 30 1.0
Minor bulks 1706 1716 0.6
Of which
Steel products 406 404 -0.5
Forest products 346 354 2.3
Total dry bulks 4827 4888 1.3
Source: UNCTAD Review of Maritime Transport, 2017.
Table 4: Increased and Forecast bulk cargo Volumes for
Chittagong Port (1000 tones)
Commodities 2012 2018 2023 2028 2033 2038 2043
Dry Bulk 16,891 23,145 29,879 37,288 45,323 51,766 55,470
Liquid Bulk 6,935 9,368 10,372 11,184 11,853 12,414 13,128
Other Bulk 4,100 3,980 3,956 4,017 4,180 4,381 4,661
Total Bulk 27,926 36,493 44,207 52,489 61,356 68,562 73,260
Source: Strategic Master Plan for Chittagong Port–Final
Report, Part 1, 2015.
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Table 5: Increased and Target General Cargo Volume for
Each Ports in Bangladesh (1000ton)
Port /Year 2006 2015 2020 2035 2055
TheDSP 0 0 3,290 16,528 39,556
International 0 0 2,384 11,977 28,664
DomesticFeeder 0 0 906 4,551 10,892
ChittagongPort 6,949 7,169 8,000 8,000 8,000
International 6,949 7,169 8,000 8,000 8,000
DomesticFeeder
fm/toDSP
0 0 0 0 0
Mongla Port 107 361 709 1,134 1,424
International 107 361 709 1,134 1,424
DomesticFeeder
fm/toDSP
0 0 0 0 0
Dhaka&OtherIW Ports 15,370 0 906 4,551 10,892
International 843 Na Na Na Na
DomesticFeeder
fm/toExist .Ports
14,527 Na Na Na Na
DomesticFeeder
fm/toDSP
0 0 906 4,551 10,892
Source: Pacific Consultants International (PCI), Japan in
association with AEC, Thailand and DECON, JPZ &
DEVCON, Bangladesh, 2009.
IV. EFFECTS OF DEEP SEA PORT ON
NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT OF
BANGLADESH
A determinant of the port performance is the
economic activity in a country, region or the hinterland.
However, the link between port performance and the
macroeconomic conditions can also be seen the other way
around. Because ports play an important role in domestic
and international trade, they seem to have an effect on the
local and national economic development (Jung, 2011)
[13]. The port activity can have an impact on the
economy in terms of GDP or other measures, but also in
terms of employment. It is widely accepted that ports play
an important role in the growth and development of
economies on local, regional and national levels (Li-zhuo,
2012 [14]; Deng, Lu, & Xiao, 2013 [15]. Li-zhuo(2012)
argued that the development of port logistics influences
the cost and efficiency of the production sector and that
investments in the logistics infrastructure have a positive
effect on the economy[14]. This can be explained by the
fact that better port logistics help reduce the
transportation costs in the production sector and increase
the efficiency. This will have effects on economic
growth. Li-zhuo(2012) describes the multiplier effect: the
national income will increase several times as a result of
the investment in port logistics, because the need of
factors of production, materials and new technologies and
equipment will be stimulated [14]. To test whether this
argumentation is correct, an empirical research for the
Qinhuangdao port in China from 1995 to 2010 was
conducted by Li-zhuo(2012). The gross domestic product
(GDP) of Qinhuangdao was used as a variable of
economic growth, while the ports logistics were indirectly
measured by the throughput of goods[14]. So actually, the
study examined the link between port throughput and
GDP. The results showed that the port logistics or
throughput growth influences the increase of GDP, but
the impact of GDP on port logistics or throughput was
small and not significant (Li-zhuo, 2012). This indicates
that the growth of port logistics and therefore the port
throughput are important for the development of the local
economy, but not the other way around. In this context,
one can also refer to the port as an industrial cluster, a
port cluster is a group of geographically concentrated and
business related companies [14]. They all supply port-
related services in the port area such as storage,
production and transportation, relying on the advantages
of port location, infrastructure and services (Langen,
2004) [16]. In the end, the port becomes a cluster and an
economic centre and contributes to the national, regional
or local economy (Langen, 2004; Li-zhuo, 2012)[16][14].
Because the location and infrastructure of a port can
attract firms of the same business, the port area and its
throughput seem to have a positive influence on the
economy. Deng, Lu and Xiao (2013) studied the impact
of port demand, port supply and value same way, port
demand had an indirect effect on the regional economy
via the value added activities. The reason ofemployment
is a part of the local or national economy, the question
raises whether the port activity has an impact on the
employment [15]. On the one hand, ports seem to have a
great positive impact on local economies and create a
higher employment. However, the developments of more
capital intensive handling systems in the shipping
industry and the container market reduced the effect on
direct employment. added activity in port on the
development of the regional economy for five coastal port
clusters in China. The results showed that port supply had
a significant positive relation with port demand, port
demand turned out to be significantly related to value
added activity and value added activity had a significant
influence on the regional economy, while port supply and
port demand turned out not to have a direct significant
effect on the regional economy. Instead, port supply
proved to have an indirect impact on the regional
economy via port demand and value added activity in
port.
The Effect of Deep Seaport on National Economy
To evaluate the total economic impact of a port
there are three major components. Those are direct,
indirect, and induced impacts. Direct impacts account for
all activities which is essential for port operation and use
for port facility. Indirect impacts are the outcomes of the
direct impacts. Indirect impacts refer to all economic
activities of off-site firms that serve port users. Induced
impacts are economic impacts formed by the expenditure
of wages, remunerations, and revenues earned in the
sequence of the direct and indirect economic activities.
Induced service is employment produced from expenses
by individuals employed indirectly or directly. The total
impact is the sum of direct impact, indirect impact, and
induced impact.
Direct Effect
The country’s international trade is increasing
day by day and currently it accounts for on an average
USD$ 60 million annually[17].Over 80% of country’s
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foreign trade is carried through sea. It is expected that
approximately following amount of cargo will be handled
by deep sea port of Bangladesh and it is shown in table 6.
Table 6: Target Cargo Volume of Sonadia Deep Sea Port
CargoType ShortTerm
(2020)
MediumTerm
(2035)
LongTerm
(2055)
GeneralCargo
(1000Ton)
2,384 11,977 28,664
Container
(1000TEU)
1,454 5,456 13,477
Source: Pacific Consultants International (PCI), Japan in
association with AEC, Thailand and DECON, JPZ & DEVCON,
Bangladesh, 2009.
Port is the significant source of earning foreign
currency by ships and containers handling. With the
increase of ships and containers, foreign currency income
is also increasing. It is anticipated that deep sea port will
increase the income of foreign currency and will
contribute in GDP significantly.
Indirect Effect
Associated industries and port user such as
Export Processing Zones (EPZ), Dry Dock, Fisheries,
Customs, Importers, Exporters, Bank, Freight Forwarder,
C&Fs (Customs Clearing and Forwarding Agent),
Shipping Agent, Inland Container Depot (ICD), Railway,
Truck and Ferry Service, Insurance Companies and so on
are benefitted directly from port. Their existence and
affluence depends on port activities, developments, and
expansion. Moreover, deepsea port will generate huge
employment opportunities for unemployment people of
that region of the country.
Induced Effect
Induced impacts are resulted from the activity of
direct and indirect impact. The benefits that filter through
to the suppliers of input factors, such as income to labor
directly employed in port related activities, and income to
industries supplying the ports with goods and services
and which creates indirect employment. The induce
benefits from induce impacts in developing economies
are frequently curtailed by lack of capital and skilled
labor. In Bangladesh, the degree of induce impact is less
than 50% but it is still notable.
Establishment of Economic Zone
Bangladesh is the 2nd largest exporter of
Readymade garment (RMG) sector in the world[18]. A
Special Economic Zone can be set up near to port and
can be easily exported within shortest possible time.
Other industrial sector will also be established near port
area. Government of Bangladesh is planning to give some
facilities to attract the foreign traders and to build
industrial sector near the port area.
Effects on Fertilizer Factory
Bangladesh is an agriculture based country and
heavily dependent on fertilizer. Presently approx. 30% of
fertilizersare produced in the country and remaining
about 75% are imported. Due to lack of sufficient gas,
this sector was not developed in the country. Liquefied
natural gas (LNG) terminal is planned to build in
Matarbari (Bangladesh) area where fertilizer factory can
be constructed to meet the internal requirement of
fertilizer. The new terminal will enablethe government-
owned national oil company of Bangladesh Petro Bangla
to procure LNG from international gas markets which
will further complement and enhance Bangladesh’s
ability to reliably use the country’s domestic natural gas
reserves. Expanding access to diverse and abundant
sources of natural gas supply will allow local
communities to flourish and provide a net economic
benefit for the Bangladesh economic growth engine for
years to come[19]
Effects on Energy Sector
The consistent economic growth of Bangladesh
is the pride for them. Energy is the prime requirement for
any development works. Bangladesh government has set
a goal to move the country into middle income by 2030
for which they need to make necessary arrangement of
power supply. With that goal, Bangladesh government
has already taken steps to set up 5/6 coal fired power
plants along the coast[20].This will necessitate to build a
coal terminal with storage facilities which will generate
huge revenue for the port.
Huge Employment Opportunity and Poverty Reduction
Taking the burden of 160 million people with
5.1% unemployment rate, 40% under employment and 49
percent below poverty line, population is considered to be
the main problem of Bangladesh. As per statistics, the
population of the country is doubled within last 43 years
and it may cross 200 million by 2025 requiring a huge
investment to create new jobs. Besides, the port will also
create thousands of indirect jobs in port related business
like Export Processing Zones (EPZs), Special Economic
Zones (SEZs), Shipbuilding and Repair Facilities etc.
Ship Building Industry
After RMG, ship building has become the fastest
growing industrial sector in Bangladesh. Besides, ship
breaking industry has also good prospect in Bangladesh.
More than 100 small ship builders are producing ships
and a few renowned companies are exporting ships to
Europe and Africa. The ship building market is about US
$ 400 billion and if Bangladesh can bring 1% from that
then it is US $4 billion[21]. Producing ships for
international customers, ship building in Bangladesh is
going to be the second largest exporter after garments by
2017. But one of the hurdles for those ship builders is
draught limitation in channel where they construct ships.
Reaching Middle Income Country By 2021
Bangladesh’s aspiration to become middle
income country is envisaged by many corners of the
country including foreign think tank. So, the development
of seaports would be essential for sustained increase of
export and import to support the trade and commerce of
the country.
Allow Exploration of Offshore Resources
The Bay of Bengal is reported to be highly rich
in hydrocarbon resources. It was proved by the Indian
discoveries in the Krishna Godavari Basins and also by
massive oil and gas finds in Myanmar. While official
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sources quote a figure of 100 trillion cubic feet of gas
reserves in the region, unofficial estimates the reserves at
200 trillion cubic feet of gas. Bangladesh now start
drilling for oil and gas within 200 nm and beyond 200nm
out to sea. The discovery of new oil and gas will help the
country to meet its domestic demands and the
government could also generate capital by allocating
blocks to international companies for further exploration.
In this regard deep seaport will help to allowing modern
equipped deep draft vessel.
Effects on women and children
About 47% of the total population of
Bangladesh are women. Most of the female members of
the households are engaged in household activity.
Women are, remarkably, involved with income
generating activities (IGAs) at household level like
poultry rearing, cattle rearing, vegetable gardening, etc. A
large number of girl child are involved in caching fishfry.
The household size in the project area is 6.1, which is
higher than the national average size. The port
development will provides ervice facilities in respect of
family planning and health services that will the help in
bringing the population growth down to national level.
The polygamy rate is higherth another area. The port will
generate employment opportunity for all men and
women and consequently the gender situation will
improve[12].
Employment, Poverty Alleviation
Majority of employed population of the coastal
area of Bangladesh are labour (20.3%), followed by salt
production ( 16%), small scale business ( 15.8%) fishing
(14.4%) agriculture ( 7.9%) retired/old and unemployed
(13.3%) and remaining 12.4% make others, which
includes; trading service, forestry, rikshaw/tempo driver
and shrimp firming etc. It is to be mentioned here that
although a large number of area isused for shrimp
farming, but only an egligible number (0.7%) of people
are engaged in its operation. The shrimp cultivation is
mostly done by the outsiders and only some local people
work there as labouror they lease them their land. The
port will create employment opportunity for local people
in port related activities. The employment in port related
activities will be more remunerative and on sequently the
income of local people will increase.
V. CONCLUSION
Seaports remain an important factor for the
transportation of trade, wealth, and cultural exchange.
The extensive use of the sea as the cheapest and easiest
means of mass transportation has contributed to the world
trade, commerce, and industry. Seaports, therefore,
remain as the junction of trade and economic
development which in turn assures prosperity of the
states. The economy of Bangladesh is heavily import and
export oriented and sea is the principal mode for
transportation. The economy of the country largely
depends oncurrent two major sea ports Chittagong and
Mongla Port. Hence the seaports play a vital role directly
or indirectly in shaping the country`s economy. Seaports
are capable to create hundreds and thousands of jobs and
contribute in earning huge amount of foreign currency.
The Bangladesh economy is rapidly getting integrated
with the rest of the world. GDP growth of Bangladesh has
been around 6 percent in the past decade along with
increasing exports, imports, and remittance. Such trend of
trade has poised tremendous pressure on existing
seaports.
In order to overcome the existing difficulties,
development of alternative port was always a
consideration by the government. Appropriate measures
including computerisation of the entire port operations
and implementation of an integrated transportation
system with hinterland would turn deep seaport into an
effective port in this sector and a regional hub for trade
and commerce. It is said that a port can change the fate of
a nation and Deep Seaport could be such a port for
Bangladesh.
Finally, it could be said that in the foreseeable
future the contribution of Deep seaport in national
economy will be noteworthy.
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